Analytical and numerical solutions to rotating variable thickness disks for a new

thickness profile
Ahmet N. Eraslan and Busra Ciftci

Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings 1648, 850086 (2015); doi: 10.1063/1.4913141

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 Analytical and Numerical Solutions to Rotating Variable
Thickness Disks for a New Thickness Profile
Ahmet N. Eraslana and Busra Ciftcia
a
Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University
Ankara 06531, Turkey

Abstract. Analytical and numerical solutions are obtained for rotating variable thickness disks. To express the variation
of disk thickness a new one-parameter exponential model is used. A general derivation for the governing differential
equation is carried out by taking into account the solid and annular disk geometries. The distributions of stress and strain
in solid and annular disks are obtained by the solution of the governing equation. Analytical as well as numerical
solutions are carried out.
Keywords: Rotating disks, Variable thickness, von Mises criterion, Exponential thickness profile
PACS: 91.60.Ba

MODEL DEVELOPMENT
In this theoretical work, analytical and numerical solutions are obtained for rotating variable thickness
homogeneous solid and annular disks. The dimensionless thickness variation is described by

݄ ߚሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ െ ܽതሻ
݄തሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ ሻ ൌ ൌ ‡š’ ቈ ቉ǡ (1)
݄଴ ͳ െ ܽത
where ߚ is a parameter, ‫ݎ‬ҧ ൌ ‫ݎ‬Ȁܾ the radial coordinate, ܽത ൌ ܽȀܾ the inner radius of the disk, ܾ the outer radius of the
disk and ݄΋ is the value of disk thickness at ‫ݎ‬ҧ ൌ ܽത. In case of a solid disk ܽത ൌ Ͳ, and constant thickness disk ߚ ൌ Ͳ.
Although this variation is used in FGM pressure chamber studies of Chen and Lin, it is new in disk studies. The
advantage of this variation is that by a suitable adjustment of only a single parameter, ߚ, stronger disks, hence higher
rotation speeds in the elastic range could be obtained. As an example, the variation of the thickness of a solid disk
for ߚ ൌ െͲǤͺ is drawn and shown in FIGURE 1.
disk thickness

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

radial distance

FIGURE 1. The variation of the thickness for a solid disk when ߚ ൌ െͲǤͺ.

A state of plane stress is assumed. The equations of the generalized Hooke's Law, the equation of equilibrium
and the compatibility relation in cylindrical polar coordinates form the basic equations of the rotating disks.
Introduction to a stress function ‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ ሻ in terms of the radial stress component and combination of basic equations
leads to the governing differential equation. The dimensionless form the governing equation is

Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics 2014 (ICNAAM-2014)
AIP Conf. Proc. 1648, 850086-1–850086-3; doi: 10.1063/1.4913141
© 2015 AIP Publishing LLC 978-0-7354-1287-3/$30.00

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 ݀;‫ܨ‬ ͳ ߚ ݀‫ܨ‬ ͳ ߚߥ ‫ܨ‬ ߚሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ െ ܽതሻ
൅൬ െ ൰ െ൬ െ ൰ ൌ െ‡š’ ቈ ቉ ሺ͵ ൅ ߥሻ‫ݎ‬ҧ ߗଶ Ǥ (2)
݀‫ݎ‬ҧ ; ‫ݎ‬ҧ ͳ െ ܽത ݀‫ݎ‬ҧ ‫ݎ‬ҧ ͳ െ ܽത ‫ݎ‬ҧ ͳ െ ܽത

where Ȟ represents the Poisson's ratio and ȍ the dimensionless angular speed. As seen, the governing equation is a
second order, nonhomogeneous, linear ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients.

ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS

As the governing differential equation is linear, its analytical solution can be obtained and put into the form

‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ ሻ ൌ ‫ܥ‬Ό‫ܨ‬Όሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ ሻ ൅ ‫ܥ‬΍‫ܨ‬΍ሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ ሻ ൅ ‫ܨ‬௉ ሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ ሻǤ (3)

Here ‫ܨ‬Ό and ‫ܨ‬΍ are the homogeneous solutions, ‫ܨ‬௉ the particular solution and ‫ܥ‬Ό, ‫ܥ‬ଶ are arbitrary integration
constants. Using computer algebra system Maple 15, ‫ܨ‬Ό, ‫ܨ‬΍ and ‫ܨ‬௉ are obtained in terms of power series. The
difficulty here is that, the series converge slowly, hence large number of terms should be included and the
convergence has to be monitored carefully in the calculations. In the case of a rotating solid disk, the outer surface,
‫ݎ‬ҧ ൌ ͳ, is free of traction and the stresses are finite at ‫ݎ‬ҧ ൌ Ͳ. These conditions lead to

‫ܨ‬௉ ሺͳሻ
‫ܥ‬Ό ൌ െ Ǣ ‫ܥ‬΍ ൌ ͲǤ (4)
‫ܨ‬Όሺͳሻ

An annular disk has two traction free surfaces, hence one finds

‫ܨ‬ଶ ሺܽതሻ‫ܨ‬௉ ሺͳሻ െ ‫ܨ‬ଶ ሺͳሻ‫ܨ‬௉ ሺܽതሻ ‫ܨ‬ଵ ሺܽതሻ‫ܨ‬௉ ሺͳሻ െ ‫ܨ‬ଵ ሺͳሻ‫ܨ‬௉ ሺܽതሻ
‫ܥ‬ଵ ൌ Ǣ ‫ܥ‬ଶ ൌ െ Ǥ (5)
‫ܨ‬ଵ ሺܽതሻ‫ܨ‬ଶ ሺͳሻ െ ‫ܨ‬ଵ ሺͳሻ‫ܨ‬ଶ ሺܽതሻ ‫ܨ‬ଵ ሺܽതሻ‫ܨ‬ଶ ሺͳሻ െ ‫ܨ‬ଵ ሺͳሻ‫ܨ‬ଶ ሺܽതሻ

The numerical solution on the other hand, is obtained by transforming the governing equation into an initial
value problem (IVP) consisting of two dependent variables. If we let ߶Ό ൌ ‫ܨ‬, and ߶΍ ൌ ݀‫ܨ‬Ȁ݀‫ݎ‬ҧ , then by
differentiating

݀߶Ό
ൌ ߶΍ǡ
݀‫ݎ‬ҧ
݀߶ଶ ͳ ߚ ͳ ߚߥ ߶ଵ ߚሺ‫ݎ‬ҧ െ ܽതሻ
ൌ െ൬ െ ൰ ߶ଶ ൅ ൬ െ ൰ െ ‡š’ ቈ ቉ ሺ͵ ൅ ߥሻ‫ݎ‬ҧ ߗଶ ǡ (6)
݀‫ݎ‬ҧ ‫ݎ‬ҧ ͳ െ ܽത ‫ݎ‬ҧ ͳ െ ܽത ‫ݎ‬ҧ ͳ െ ܽത

This IVP can accurately be integrated by using a state of the art ODE solver, starting with the initial conditions:
߶ଵ଴ , and ߶ଶ଴ . For both solid and annular disks ߶ଵ଴ ൌ Ͳ and ߶ଵ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ, but ߶ଶ଴ is not known. This unknown initial
value can be determined by shooting iterations. The condition that should be satisfied is ߶ଵ ሺͳሻ ൌ Ͳ. The Runge-
Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth order integration method is used in the integration of the IVP. Starting with reasonable
initial estimates for ߶ଶ଴ , shooting iterations converge very rapidly. As the integration possesses fifth order accuracy
over the calculation domain, in most of the cases, analytical and numerical solutions do agree to 5-significant digits.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
If the thickness of the disk gets thinner from the center to the edge, the strength of the disk increases because of
the reduction of stresses. For this reason negative values of the thickness parameter ߚ are used in variable thickness
calculations. According to the von Mises yield criterion for ߚ ൌ Ͳ, dimensionless elastic limit angular speed is
determined as ߗ ൌ ͳǤͷͷ͹ͲͲ. Solutions are carried out for ߚ ൌ െͲǤʹͷ and ߚ ൌ െͲǤͷ at this limiting angular speed.
The distributions of stress and strain are calculated.

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 The variation of radial stress component in solid disks can be visualized in FIGURE 2(a). In this figure, solid
lines belong to analytical, dots to numerical solutions. As seen in this figure there is a perfect agreement between
analytical and numerical solutions. It is also seen in this figure that lower stresses are obtained for variable thickness
disks. The distribution of circumferential stress component, on the other hand, is plotted in FIGURE 2(b). As in the
radial stress component, lower stresses are obtained for variable thickness rotating solid disks and well agreement
between numerical and analytical solutions.

1.1 1.1
1.0 ߚൌͲ ߚൌͲ
1.0
0.9

circumferential stress component

ߚൌെͲǤʹͷ ߚൌെͲǤʹͷ
0.8 0.9
radial stress component

0.7 0.8
0.6 ߚൌെͲǤͷ
ߚൌെͲǤͷ 0.7
0.5
0.4 0.6

0.3
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.0 0.3
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
radial coordinate radial coordinate

(a) (b)
FIGURE 2. (a) Variation of radial stress (b) Variation of circumferential stress

REFERENCES
1. A. C. Ugural and S. K. Fenster, Advanced strength and applied elasticity, 3rd Edition, London: Prentice-Hall, 1995.
2. A. N. Eraslan, “Stress distributions in elastic-plastic rotating disks with elliptical thickness profiles using Tresca and
vonMises criteria” in ZAMM Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Mathematik Und Mechanik, 85, pp. 252-266.
3. A. P. Boresi, R. J. Schmidt and O. M. Sidebottom, Advanced Mechanics of Material, 5th Edition, New York: Wiley, 1993.
4. N. Tutuncu and B. Temel, “A novel approach to stress analysis of pressurized FGM cylinders, disks and spheres” in
Composite Structures, 91, pp. 385-390.
5. S. Timoshenko and J. N. Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
6. Y. Z. Chen and X. Y. Lin, “Elastic analysis for thick cylinders and spherical pressure vessels made of functionally graded
materials” in Computational Materials Science, 44, pp. 581-587, 2008.

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