brief n o t e s

Hetenyi3 Newton4, and Barnhart, et al.6

An approximate solu-
tion, in which the hole is treated as if it were in an infinite region
fi*0.ooS" and subjected to biaxial stresses, was used separately in each of
7*0 the latter two references to verify the experimental results.
The purpose of the present paper is to develop a theoretical
solution for the plane-stress problem of a rotating circular disk
if* a 96 with a central hole and two additional holes located on the same
diameter of the disk and equidistant from the center, Fig. 1. The
solution in the present paper is obtained by a convergent com-
bination of stress functions, and the procedure used is parallel to
that adopted by Howland in his paper.6 A numerical example
is worked out to make possible a comparison with Hetfinyi's
photoelastic results obtained on a disk with the same dimensions.
With minor changes, the solution presented in the following can
be adapted to other loading conditions (such as press-fit pressure,
internal or external fluid pressure, contact pressure, friction force,
and so on) of a disk having the hole system shown in Fig. 1 or
ox as 0.4 ay other symmetrical hole systems with more than two noncentral
A' holes.
v, A stress-concentration factor K is defined as the ratio of the
Fig. 2 Sample curves circumferential stress at any point in a rotating disk with the
two noncentral holes to the circumferential stress at the inner
boundary of a rotating disk with the central hole only. The
•qN = 77. Shown in Fig. 2 is a sample of the curves. The critical values of K across a section GHIK are plotted in Fig. 1, where
dependence of the thrust-augmentation factor upon rj can plainly comparison is made between the theoretical solution for Poisson's
be seen since a change in tj of two per cent produces a significant ratios of i> = 0.3 and v = 0.5. Fig. 2 shows the comparison be-
change in the thrust-augmentation factor. tween the results obtained by making only one approximation,
For those obtained by five successive approximations, those from
the photoelastic method, and those from the approximate solu-
X< (3)
tion. The stress concentration factors by the photoelastic
1 +
V'
IP + 1)'
2 VnP
method are calculated from the data given by Hetenyi3 in his
3 M . Het6riyi, " T h e Application of Hardening Resins in Three-
the curves in Fig. 2 have been terminated because this is the Dimensional Photoelasticity," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 10,
condition at which the pressure decrease in the secondary nozzle 1939, p. 295.
is less than the pressure increase in the mixing chamber plus the 4 R . E. Newton, " A Photoelastic Study of Stresses in Rotating

pressure increase in the difTuser. Clearly, this situation is
physically impossible, and a nozzle rather than a diffuser is re-
quired on the exit.
For
Disks," JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS, vol. 7, TRANS. ASME, vol.
62, 1940, p. 57.
6 K . E. Barnhart, Jr., A. L. Hale, and J. L. Meriam, "Stresses in
Rotating Disks D u e to Noncentral Holes," Proceedings of the
Society for Experimental Stress Analysis, vol. 9, 1951, p. 35.
6 R . C. J. Howland, "On the Stresses in the Neighborhood of a

1 Circular Hole in a Strip Under Tension," Transactions, Royal Society

X= (4) of London, series A, vol. 229, 1930, p. 49.
(fl + 1 ) 2
1 +
V ' 2^/8
2.0
von Karman's analysis applies, and it is seen that the thrust-
augmentation factor is larger to the right of the value of X given 1.8
by equation (4). Thus, placing a diffuser on the exit of the system Syt-a JK
allows the thrust-augmentation factor to be larger than it is 1.6 ^ V.s i
1 J
otherwise.
1.4

THEORETIC/U. SOLUTION
Stress Concentration in a Rotating Disk
1.2 i . < • 0.3

With a Central Hole and Two 1.0

N1 J! • V = 0.5

\%
*
1
Additional Symmetrically Located Holes1 0.8
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1 1
0.6
TA-CHENG KU 2 1 1
1 1
1 1
THE two-dimensional problem of stresses in a rotating disk 0.4 •
1 i
with noncentral holes has been investigated photoelastically by 1 1
1
0.2 i
•
i 1
1 The results presented in this Note are based upon a dissertation
1 ll1
submitted b y the author to the Graduate Division of the University 0 6 H I
1
of California, Berkeley, Calif., in partial fulfillment of the require- 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
ments for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, June, 1953.
2 International Business Machines Corporation, Products Develop-
RADIUS R, INCH
ment Laboratory, Endicott, N . Y .
Manuscript received b y A S M E Applied Mechanics Division, Feb- Fig. 1 Values of stress-concentration factor K from theoretical solutions
ruary 27, 1959. for v = 0.3 and v = 0.5

Journal of Applied Mechanics june 19 60 / 359

Copyright © 1960 by ASME

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 brief notes

2.2
Fig. 2 Comparison of values of stress-concentration factor K from
experimental results, approximate and theoretical solutions
Fig. 10. The values from the approximate solution are based on
the method proposed by Barnhart, Hale, and Meriam.5
From the close agreement of the curves for v = 0.3 and c = 0.5
in Fig. 1, it can be seen that the effect of Poisson's ratio is very
small and can be neglected for practical purposes.
There is a general good agreement between the theoretical and
Hetenyi's experimental values of the stress concentration factor K
for v = 0.5 throughout the section GHIK (Fig. 2), except in the
region between G and H.
The error due to not proceeding beyond the fifth approximation
in the numerical example of this paper is much less than 1 per
cent. The error in K max from a single approximation is only 4.65
per cent of K max at point H. The approximate solution by
Barnhart, Hale, and Meriam5 is acceptable in most engineering
problems with an expected error in the neighborhood of 11 per
cent.
Acknowledgment
The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation of the
guidance and criticism received from Professors C. W. Nelson
and J. L. Meriam of the University of California at Berkeley,
and is indebted to Mr. J. E. Brophy of International Business
Machines Corporation, Endicott, N. Y., for many helpful sug-
gestions.

360 / j u n e 19 6 0 Transactions of the ASME

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