Lecture Notes No.

4 – Week 4

MENG510: STRESS ANALYSIS

Chapter 6: Bending

Mechanics of Materials. R. C. Hibbeler. Prentice Hall, Seventh

or Eighth Edition (ISBN: 0132209918).
TOPICS

 Chapter 6 : Bending

 Bending Stresses
 Composite Beams
 Curved Beams
 Applications

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Chapter 6 : Bending – Composite Beams
 Section with Different Material – Linear Elastic Behaviour
– Straight Member

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Chapter 6 : Bending – Composite Beams
 Bending Stress Analysis
dF1 = dF2
σ1dA = σ2dA’

n: Transformation Factor

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 Chapter 6 : Bending – Composite Beams
 Section Transformation Method

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Chapter 6 : Bending – Composite Beams
 Steps
1. n = E1/E2
2. b’ (Material 2) = n.b(Material 1)
3. All the section is transformed to Material 2 (Homogeneous
Section)
4. Determine the location of Neutral Axis (Centroid)
5. Determine the Area Moment of Inertia w.r.t N.A
6. Using Flexure Formula, determine the stress distribution
over the section.
7. Use σ(Material 1)= n.σ’(Material 2) to determine the
stresses in Material 1

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Chapter 6 : Bending – Composite Beams
 Reinforced Concrete

Assumption: Concrete in the zone under

tension does not support any tensile forces.
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 Chapter 6 : Bending – Composite Beams
 Reinforced Concrete – Stress Analysis
 Steel is transformed into concrete

n = Es/Ec so n is greater than 1

A’(concrete)= n .A(steel)

Location of N.A

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 Chapter 6 : Bending – Composite Beams
 Reinforced Concrete – Stress Analysis - Steps
1. n = Es/Ec (n is always greater than 1)
2. A’(concrete) = n.A(steel) , b’ = n.b
3. All the section is transformed to concrete
4. Determine the location of Neutral Axis
5. Determine the Area Moment of Inertia w.r.t N.A
6. Using Flexure Formula, determine the stress
distribution over the section.
7. Use σ(steel) = nσ’(concrete) to determine the
stresses in the steel
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Chapter 6 : Bending – Curved Beams

R: Location of “N.A” - 𝑟: 𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 − 𝑟: 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

Pronounced Curves (Ratio radius of curvature to thickness is less than 5)
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 Chapter 6 : Bending – Curved Beams
 Stress Analysis

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 Chapter 6 : Bending – Curved Beams
 Location of N.A

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 Chapter 6 : Bending – Curved Beams
 Bending Stress Formula - Hyperbola

“M” is positive if it tends to

straighten out the member

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 Chapter 6 : Bending – Curved Beams
 Bending Stress Formula and Distribution

r=R-y

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