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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
03 - Injector
03 - Injector Introduction
Introduction .................................................... 18-60 The fuel Injectors are electronically controlled and
Component Identification ............................... 18-61 incorporate a small solenoid valve. The injectors are
Check (Operation) ......................................... 18-61 supplied with pressurised fuel by the high pressure
Remove and Install ....................................... 18-62 fuel injection pump and when energised, the injector
atomizes the fuel into a fine mist so that it can burn
easily by the vehicle’s engine.
Figure 390.
52 5 1 4
1 Injector
2 Sleeve
3 Cylinder head
4 Coolant jacket
5 Sleeve thread
6 O-ring
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
03 - Injector
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
03 - Injector
Remove
1. Remove the injector clamp retaining bolt and lift
the clamp away.
A Injectors (x4)
B HP valve
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
03 - Injector
4 X 1 5
2
1 Injector
2 Injector clamp
3 Retaining bolt
4 Injector sleeve
X Injector bleed-off port 6
2. Remove and discard the sealing washer. Label
the injector to make sure it is installed in its
original cylinder. Put a clean protective cap over
the nozzle of the injector. 7
3. Remove and discard the O-ring.
5 Protective cap
6 Protective cap
7 Sealing washer
Install
Important: The fuel injectors are not interchangeable
between cylinders or other engines. Make sure you
install the injectors in the same positions. If a new
or different injector is installed, the engine electronic
control unit (ECU) must be re-programmed. Refer to
(PIL 33-45), Engine Electronic Control Unit, Vehicle
Set Up Data.
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
03 - Injector
D
C
After Installation
1. Replace the rocker cover, refer to (PIL 15-42).
2. Renew the high pressure fuel pipes, Refer to Fuel
Pipes (PIL 18-96).
3. Replace the low pressure fuel pipes, Refer to
Fuel Pipes (PIL 18-96).
4. Start the engine and check for fuel leaks.
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
07 - Injector Seal
07 - Injector Seal
Figure 396.
D
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
07 - Injector Seal
Install 2. Start the engine and check for oil and fuel leaks.
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
12 - Rail
12 - Rail Introduction
Introduction .................................................... 18-67 The fuel rail also known as a common rail, is a
Remove and Install ....................................... 18-68 pipe resembling a rail that is used to deliver fuel
to individual fuel injectors on internal combustion
engines. It is designed to have an outlet for each
injector, an inlet for a fuel supply and an outlet for a
fuel bleed off.
Figure 399.
A B
F
E
D
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
12 - Rail
5. Remove the fuel bleed off pipe at the rail. Refer to Table 172. Torque Values
Fuel Pipes (low pressure) - Remove and Install Item Nm
(PIL 18-96). C 24
Remove
1. Disconnect the electrical connector at the high
pressure fuel valve.
2. Disconnect the electrical connector at the fuel
pressure sensor.
3. Remove the bolts and lift off the common rail
assembly.
Install
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Tighten the bolts to the correct torque value.
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
15 - Pump
X Y
A Rotor
B Vanes (x4)
C Eccentric liner
D Springs
E Regulating valve
X Port X
Y Port Y
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
15 - Pump
Module) controlled IMV determines the amount of Fuel pressure in the chamber rises and forces the
fuel transferred to the high pressure pump. The inlet valve on to its seat. As the plunger is pushed
plunger actuator block is located on the engine driven further up its chamber the fuel pressure exceeds that
eccentric shaft. When the shaft rotates the actuator of the rail pressure and the delivery valve is forced off
block operates the two plungers. As one plunger is its seat. Fuel is forced into the rail at high pressure.
pushed up its chamber the other is pushed down by
its spring. Figure 404.
State 1 - Charging E
Note: The description is for one plunger. The
opposite plunger operates in an identical way. The
inlet and delivery ports from each plunger are
connected by internal galleries. D
When the eccentric shaft is in the position shown
force from spring moves the plunger down its C
chamber. Pressure in the chamber falls below the
rail pressure and the delivery valve closes. Transfer
pressure is now sufficient to force inlet valve off its
seat and allow the fuel to fill the chamber.
Figure 403.
E B
D
A Eccentric shaft
C B Actuator block
C Plunger
D Inlet valve
E Delivery valve
F
A Eccentric shaft
B Actuator block
C Plunger
D Inlet valve
E Delivery valve
F Spring
State 2 - Pumping
Note: The description is for one plunger. The
opposite plunger operates in an identical way. The
inlet and delivery ports from each plunger are
connected by internal galleries.
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
15 - Pump
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
15 - Pump
11
3
B
A
1
F G
1 Bedplate plug H
A Crankshaft / Camshaft timing pin
C Crankshaft turning tool
4. Use the crankshaft turning tool to turn the E
crankshaft until the timing pin engages in the
crankshaft timing hole.
Special Tool: Crankshaft Turning Tool (95.25mm
PCD)- JCB 4 Cylinder Ecomax and Dieselmax 3 Gear cover
(Qty.: 1) 11 Drive shaft nut
Special Tool: Crankshaft / Camshaft Timing Pin B Gear removal tool
(444/448/672 Engine) (Qty.: 1) E Pump gear removal tool, comprises:
F Pump gear removal tool (Reaction cap)
5. Use the gear removal tool and a suitable ratchet G Pump gear removal tool (Body)
drive to remove the fuel injection pump gear H Pump gear removal tool (Bolt)
cover.
Special Tool: Pump Gear Removal Tool (Qty.: 1) 7. Remove the nuts. Use the special C shaped
ring spanner to remove the nut closest to the
6. Remove the drive shaft nut. crankcase. Make sure you remove all nuts (X3).
8. Install the reaction cap over the pump shaft.
Screw the body to the housing. Use a suitable
ratchet drive and socket to screw the bolt in until
you feel a slight resistance.
Special Tool: C-Shaped Ring Spanner (Qty.: 1)
Special Tool: Pump Gear Removal Tool (Qty.: 1)
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
15 - Pump
9
F
G
2 12
2 Fixing nuts
9 Gear pump nut
2 Fixing nuts
10 Drive gear
10 Injection pump drive gear
12 Drive shaft
F Pump gear removal tool (Reaction cap)
G Pump gear removal tool (Body) 2. Make sure that the oil seal is correctly located on
H Pump gear removal tool (Bolt) the pump mounting face.
9. The injection pump drive gear is located on a Figure 410.
taper on the pump drive shaft. To remove the
pump the taper lock must be broken. Support
the fuel pump. Tap the end of the bolt H with a
soft faced hammer. When the taper breaks there
will be an audible sound. Note: The pump drive 16
gear connects to the injection pump drive shaft by
means of taper lock alone, there is no mechanical
locking key.
10. Remove the service tools. Withdraw the pump
from the flywheel housing.
Install
1. Make sure that the taper surfaces on the injection 16 Oil seal
pump drive shaft and gear are clean and free 3. Locate the pump on to the mounting studs.
from oil and damage. Locate the drive gear over the pump drive shaft.
4. Install the fixing nuts and tighten to the correct
torque value.
5. Install the gear pump nut and tighten to the
correct torque value. Note: If a washer is supplied
with a replacement pump, Do not install the
washer. Secure the gear with the gear pump nut
only.
6. Use the tamperproof cover removal tool to install
the gear cover. Make sure its sealing O-ring is
correctly installed. Tighten the gear cover to the
correct torque value.
Special Tool: Torque Wrench (10-100Nm) (Qty.:
1)
Special Tool: Tamper proof Cover Removal Tool
(Qty.: 1)
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
15 - Pump
7 8
12
3
B
6
3 Gear cover 5
B Tamperproof cover removal tool
4
After Installation 4 IMV electrical connector
1. Remove the crankshaft turning tool. 5 Fuel temperature sensor electrical connector
6 Fuel pipe connector (inlet)
2. Remove the crankshaft timing pin and install the 7 Fuel pump bleed-off connection
bedplate plug. 8 Fuel pump bleed-off connection
12 High pressure fuel outlet port
3. Reconnect the fuel pipe couplings at the inlet
connection, reconnect the bleed-off connections Table 173. Torque Values
on the pump.
Item Nm
4. Install a new high pressure fuel pipe, remove 2 24
the protective caps from the ports, refer to Fuel 3 70
Pipes- Remove and Install, refer to (PIL 18-96). 9 65
5. Connect the electrical connectors at the IMV and
the fuel temperature sensor.
6. Replace the fuel filter, refer to (PIL 18-09).
7. Start the engine and check for fuel leaks.
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
27 - High Pressure Rail Valve
Figure 414.
A HPV
B Solenoid coil
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
27 - High Pressure Rail Valve
In certain operating conditions, the HPV (High For the full inspection and testing procedure, refer to
Pressure Valve) controls the fuel pressure inside the the help files in ServiceMaster.
common rail.
When the valve opens, fuel is bled from the rail back
to the fuel tank, reducing the fuel pressure inside the
fuel rail. The valve is actuated by a solenoid coil and
features proportional control. The fuel flow through
the valve is proportional to the current supplied to
the coil. The current value is controlled by the ECM
(Engine Control Module) using PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation).
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
18 - Injection
27 - High Pressure Rail Valve
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
24 - Exhaust
03 - Inlet Manifold
1
1 Inlet Manifold
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
24 - Exhaust
03 - Inlet Manifold
Figure 419.
6
12 11 10
8
13
9
3
4
5
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
24 - Exhaust
03 - Inlet Manifold
Install
1. The installation procedure is the opposite of the
removal procedure. Additionally do the following
steps.
2. Renew the manifold gasket.
3. Loosely assemble the manifold, together with the
new inlet gasket to the cylinder head, use the two
bolts (one at each end).
4. With the manifold and gasket in position, install
the remaining six bolts.
5. Tighten the bolts to the correct torque value.
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18 - Fuel and Exhaust System
24 - Exhaust
04 - Outlet Manifold
A Exhaust manifold
B Manifold gasket and heat shield
(Otherwise)
The exhaust outlet manifold collects the exhaust
gases from the multiple cylinders and delivers it to
the turbocharger or the exhaust pipe.
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