Strength of Materials (Concepts) Study

Strength of Materials (Concepts)

Terms in this set (102)

The effect of internal forces is Which of the following statements best describes
equal to the effect of the uniaxial loading?
external forces.

Quantity that describes the distribution of internal

Simple stress.
forces within a body.

It is defined as the unit strength of a material per unit

Stress.
area or simply, unit strength.

What is the formula shown?

Simple/normal stress.

Force is applied perpendicular Which of the following statements best describes

to the cross-sectional area of normal stress?
the material.

The internal forces that develop Which of the following statements best describes
within are oriented parallel to shear stress?
the bar's cross section.

This stress, also called tangential stress, is commonly

Shear stress. found in bolts, pins, and rivets used to connect
various structural members.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) What is the formula shown? Study

Shear stress.

Which of the following statement describes the

condition of the rivet shown in the picture?
The rivet is said to be in single
shear.

Which of the following statement describes the

condition of the rivet shown in the picture?
The rivet is said to be in double
shear.

What is the formula shown?

Single shear stress.

What is the formula shown?

Double shear stress.

Strength of Materials (Concepts) It is a failure mechanism in structural members likeStudy
Punching shear stress.
Punching shear stress.
Compressed gas storage tanks
designed to hold gases or
liquids at a pressure
substantially different from the
ambient pressure.
Cracked or damaged vessels
can result in leakage or rupture
failures.
Pressure vessels are subjected
to tensile forces within the walls
of the container.
The ratio of radius (r) to the wall
thickness (t) is greater than or
equal to 10.
slabs and foundation by shear under the action of
concentrated loads.
What is the formula shown?
Which of the following statements best describes
pressure vessels such as aircraft fuselages, soda cans,
etc.?
Which of the following statements emphasizes the
importance of the study of strength of materials on
thin walled pressure vessels?
Which of the following statements best describes the
forces acting on thin walled pressure vessels?
What is considered as a general rule to classify
pressure vessels as thin walled?
Strength
The normal of Materials
stress (Concepts)
in the walls of Which of the following statement describes the Study

the container is proportional to formula generally used for thin walled pressure
the pressure and radius of the vessels?
vessel and inversely
proportional to the thickness of
the walls.

What stress is described in the image shown?

Circumferential/tangential
stress.

The forces acting are the total Which of the following statements describes the
pressures caused by the internal forces acting on a pressure vessel that undergoes a
pressure (p) and the total circumferential or tangential stress?
tensions in the walls (T).

What is the formula shown?

Circumferential/tangential
stress.

What stress is described in the image shown?

Longitudinal/axial stress.

The total force acting at the rear Which of the following statements describes the
of the tank (F) must be equal to forces acting on a pressure vessel that undergoes a
the total longitudinal stress on longitudinal or axial stress?
the wall.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) What is the formula shown? Study

Longitudinal/axial stress.

The tangential stress is twice Why is it very common for cylindrical pipes / pressure
larger than the longitudinal vessels to rupture first in the axial or longitudinal
stress. direction?

Spherical pressure vessel. It is a special case of a cylindrical vessel.

Any section that passes through the center of the

Spherical pressure vessel.
sphere yields the same result.

The spherical geometry is twice as efficient in terms

Spherical pressure vessel.
of wall stress.

What is the formula shown?

Spherical pressure vessel stress.

Spherical pressure vessel. Preferred for storage of high pressure fluids.

What stress is described in the image shown?

Spherical pressure vessel stress.

Strength
A spherical of Materials
pressure (Concepts) Which of the following statements best describesStudy
vessel has the
approximately twice the strength of spherical pressure vessels?
strength of a cylindrical pressure
vessel with the same wall
thickness.

The distribution of stresses on Which of the following statements best describes the
the sphere's surfaces, both stress distribution of spherical pressure vessels?
internally and externally are
equal.

Spheres are much more costly What is the major drawback of spherical pressure
to manufacture than cylindrical vessels in terms of construction?
vessels.

It is the ratio of the change in length caused by the

Strain. applied force to the original length. Also known as
unit deformation.

It is the strain elongation or contraction per unit

Normal strain.
length (tensile or compressive).

What is the formula shown?

Strain.

The graph of such quantities with the stress along the

Stress-strain diagram.
y-axis and the strain along the x-axis is called the:
Strength of Materials (Concepts) From the origin O to this point, the stress-strain curve
Study

is a straight line.

Proportional limit.

Within the proportional limit of Which of the following statements defines the
the stress-strain diagram, the Hooke's Law?
stress is directly proportional to
strain.

Hooke's law states that the strain in a solid is

proportional to the applied stress within the elastic
limit of that solid. The constant of proportionality, k, is
Modulus of Elasticity (Young's called? (Refer to the formula in the image shown)
Modulus).

Referring to the stress-strain diagram, which of the

following statements is true regarding the Modulus of
It is equal to the slope of the Elasticity?
stress-strain diagram from point
O to P.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) The limit beyond which the material will no longerStudy
go
back to its original shape when the load is removed.

Elastic limit.

It is the maximum stress that may Which of the following statements best describes the
be developed such that there is stress of the elastic limit of a material?
no permanent or residual
deformation when the load is
entirely removed.

It is the point at which the material will have an

appreciable elongation or yielding without any
increase in load.
Yield point.

This is the maximum ordinate in the stress-strain

diagram. Also known as tensile strength.

Ultimate strength.

It is the strength of the material at rupture. This is also

Rupture strength.
known as the breaking strength.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) Which of the following statement best describes Study
the
It is common practice to
image shown?
consider a material as
acceptable for use if the stress
of the material does not exceed
beyond the yield strength.

Rupture strength. It is the stress at which failure occurs.

Rupture strength is less than the Which of the following statements is true regarding
ultimate strength. the strength of structural steel?

Which of the following statements explains the area

of the formula for calculating rupture stress as shown
The area of the material is in the image?
instantaneous. It changes
throughout the tensile test.

Which of the following statements explains the area

of the formula for calculating rupture stress as shown
It is the initial area of the
in the image?
material. It is assumed to have a
constant value throughout the
tensile test.

It is the maximum safe axial stress used in design.

Working stress.
Also called the allowable stress.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) What is the formula shown? Study

Working stress.

It is the stress at which Why is it that the stress at the yield point is selected
permanent set (permanent as the basis for determining working stress in
deformation) may occur. structural steel?

On what conditions may this formula for axial

The loads must be axial, the bar
(normal) strain be used?
must have a uniform cross-
sectional area, and the stress
must not exceed the
proportional limit.

On what conditions may this formula for axial

The loads must be axial, the bar
(normal) strain be used?
doesn't have a uniform cross-
sectional area, and the stress
must not exceed the
proportional limit.

On what conditions may this formula for axial

(normal) strain be used?
A rod of unit mass suspended
vertically from one end with an
elongation due to self weight.

It is the ratio of the steady force acting on an elastic

Stiffness.
body to the resulting displacement.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) What is the formula shown? Study

Stiffness.

The higher the stiffness, the Which one of the statements is true regarding the
higher the force required to stiffness of a material?
cause a displacement in the
structure.

Also called compliance, this is the inverse of

Flexibility. stiffness and is typically measured in units of meters
per Newton.

When you apply a load to a Which one of the following statements describes the
material in one direction, the Poisson's ratio of a material?
material will also deform in the
lateral directions.

This is the parameter that defines how much the

Poisson's ratio (v).
material will deform in the lateral directions.

The lateral strain is uniform Which one of the statements best describes the
throughout the cross section Poisson's ratio of isotropic materials?
and is the same in any direction
in the plane of the cross section.

What is the formula shown?

Poisson's ratio (v).

Strength of Materials
There is no deformation (Concepts) Most materials have a Poisson's ratio ranging fromStudy
in the 0
lateral directions when a to 0.5. What does it mean if the ratio is 0 such as a
longitudinal tensile force is bottle cork?
applied.

They are materials with negative Which one of the statements is true about Auxetic
Poisson's ratio and the soles of Materials?
the shoes are the best example.

What is the formula shown?

Generalized Hooke's Law for

Uni-axial Loading.

What is the formula shown?

Generalized Hooke's Law for

Multi-axial Loading.

An element subject to shear Which of the following is true about shearing

does not change in length but deformation?
undergoes a change in shape.

It is the change in angle at the corner of an original

Shear strain.
rectangular element.

What is the formula shown?

Shear strain.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) It is the ratio of the shear stress and the shear strain
Modulus of Elasticity (G).
Study

and is denoted as G.

What is the formula shown?

Modulus of Elasticity (G).

What is the formula shown?

The relationship between the
shearing deformation and the
applied shearing force.

What is the formula shown?

The relationship between the
Shear Modulus and Modulus of
Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio.

Reactions and internal forces Which one of the following statements defines
can be determined solely from statically determinate structures?
free-body diagrams and
equations of equilibrium
without knowing the properties
of the materials.

What type of structure is classified as in the image

shown?

Statically determinate structure.

Strength ofthe
In addition to Materials (Concepts) Which one of the following statements defines
equilibrium Study

consideration, equations statically indeterminate structures?

pertaining to the displacement
of the structure, called
equations of compatibility, and
the relations between forces
and displacements are usually
needed.

What type of structure is classified as in the image

shown?
Statically indeterminate
structure.

An increase in temperature Which one of the following statements describes the

results in expansion, whereas a relationship between temperature and material
temperature decrease produces deformation?
contraction.

This deformation is isotropic (the Which one of the following statements best describes
same in every direction) and thermal strain?
proportional to the temperature
change.

What is the formula shown?

Thermal strain.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) In the formula for thermal strain shown, what doesStudy
the
symbol, the Greek letter alpha, represent?

Coefficient of thermal
expansion.

What is the formula shown?

Change in length due to

temperature change.

No internal forces will be What would result if thermal deformation is permitted

induced in the body. There will to occur freely?
be strain, but no stress.

Internal forces will develop that What would result if thermal deformation is restricted
oppose the thermal expansion to occur freely?
or contraction.

If thermal deformation is restricted to occur freely,

internal forces will develop that oppose the thermal
Thermal stress.
expansion or contraction. The stresses caused by
these internal forces are known as:

What is the formula shown?

Thermal stress.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) What is the formula shown? Study

Thermal stress if the wall where

the rod is attached yields a
distance x.

It is twisting of an object caused by a moment acting

Torsion.
about the object's longitudinal axis.

Torque. It is a moment which tends to cause twisting.

What is the formula shown?

Torsion angle (Angle of twist).

It defines the resistance of a cross-section to

Polar moment of inertia. torsional deformation, due to the shape of the cross
section.

What is the formula shown?

Polar moment of inertia for solid

cylindrical shaft.

What is the formula shown?

Polar moment of inertia for

hollow cylindrical shaft.
Strength of Materials (Concepts) What is the formula shown? Study

Torsional shearing strain.

Shear stresses increase linearly Which one of the following statements is true
with the distance from the regarding torsional shearing stress?
center of the cross section, with
the maximum shear stress
occurring on the outer surface.

What is the formula shown?

Torsional shearing stress.

What is the formula shown?

Power transmitted by the shaft.