NAME-ABBAS ALI JEENWALA

ROLL NO.-20BCL002
SEMESTER-3

TOPIC-SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
• WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT?
• TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
• METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT
• HAZARDOUS EFFECTS OF POOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
• INNOVATIVE METHODS TO TREAT SOLID WASTE
• CONCLUSION
 WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT?
As already mentioned that Solid waste management is a term that is used
to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes.
Solid waste management should be embraced by each and every household,
including the business owners across the world. The industrialization has
brought a lot of good things and bad things as well. One of the adverse
effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste.
Now ,we know what is solid waste management but improper disposal of
municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these
conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to
outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and
insects.
 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

Now,let us further discuss what are various categories of solid waste-

Mainly solid waste can be categorized in three ways-
• origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction or
institutional)
• contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper etc)
• hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable, radioactive, infectious
etc).
In metro cities in India, an individual produces an average of 0.8 kg/ waste/
person daily. The total muicipal solid waste (MSW) generated in urban
India has been estimated at 68.8 million tons per year (TPY) (0.573 million
metric tonnes per day (MMT/d) in the year 2008). The average collection
efficiency of MSW ranges from 22% to 60%.
MSW typically contains 51% organic waste, 17% recyclables, 11%
hazardous and 21% inert waste. However, about 40% of all MSW is not
collected at all and hence lies littered in the city/town and finds its way to
nearby drains and water bodies, causing choking as well as pollution of
surface water.
 METHODS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT

Now, as we all know there are various processes involved in treating solid
wastes ,so let us discuss a few of them-
Here are the methods of solid waste disposal and management:
1) Solid Waste Open Burning
2) Sea dumping process
3) Solid wastes sanitary landfills
4) Incineration method
5) Composting process
6) Disposal by Ploughing into the fields
7) Disposal by hog feeding
8) Salvaging procedure

Solid wastes sanitary landfills

Solid wastes sanitary landfills process is simple, clean and effective. In this
procedure, layers are compressed with some mechanical equipment and
covered with earth, leveled, and compacted. A deep trench of 3 to 5 m is
excavated and micro-organisms act on the organic matter and degrade
them.
Incineration method
Incineration method is suitable for combustible refuse. High operation
costs and construction are involved in this procedure. This method would
be suited in crowded cities where sites for land filling are not available.It
can be used to reduce the volume of solid wastes for land filling.
Composting process
Composting process is similar to sanitary land-filling and it is popular in
developing countries. Decomposable organic matter is separated and
composted in this procedure. Yields are stable end products and good soil
conditioners. They can be used as a base for fertilizers.
SANITARY LANDFILLS

INCINERATION METHOD
 HAZARDOUS EFFECTS OF POOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Now ,let us discuss what are the effects of poor solid waste management-
1. Soil contamination
Contamination occurs by spilling and burying hazardous components in
soil. So, we need to be watchful of how we process petroleum
hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, heavy metals and lead.
For example, here’s what happens when a plastic water bottle is incorrectly
sent to a landfill, or left, at any other place, to be absorbed by the soil:
Plastic water bottles eventually break down to release a harmful
component called, DIETHYLHYDROXYLAMINE(this component is very
harmful for our body).It also seeps into the surrounding areas of the soil
and water bodies to harm the animal and plant life depends on it.

2. Water Contamination
Water is an excellent solvent; it can contain numerous dissolved chemicals.
As a result, while moving through, water picks up pollution along the way.
It often has dissolved substances like various chemicals and gases.

3. Air contanitation
Let’s talk about the ozone layer first. A lot of it leaves us feeling hopeless
for we feel unable to make necessary changes. We think we cannot
consume any less. Even so, we can, at least, follow strict protocol over how
it’s recycled.
 INNOVATIVE METHODS TO TREAT SOLID WASTE

1.Mumbai-based agronomist and scientist Dr S. R. Maley found an

effective solution to this by using natural and eco-friendly decomposers.
The method was first tried in Mumbai where garbage heaps were treated
with these biochemicals. The end product of this process was clean,
garbage-free land and a significant amount of biosoil.
The decomposing process takes place in many phases. During the process, a
particular type of decomposing bacteria is spread on the garbage which
eventually converts the garbage into biosoil. The bacterial process raises
the temperature of the garbage up to 60 degrees. As a result, the pathogens
on the garbage which cause the smell get killed.
The biosoil is used as compost for agricultural use.The compost makes
agrarian land very fertile. Its use can also save crores of government
expenditure on subsidy on chemical fertilisers. The use of garbage in the
form of a resource will not only eliminate pollution but it can help us move
towards a cleaner and healthier environment. If proper waste management
is done, the waste could be used to generate electricity and compost.

2.Nisargruna is a biogas technology that uses biodegradable waste as an

input and produces biogas as an output. The Nisargruna plant can process
a variety of biodegradable wastes such as kitchen waste, grass, gobar
(animal dung), dry leaves, animal carcasses, effluent sludge from textile
manufacture, etc.
The Nisargruna process is unique as it uses a combination of aerobic and
anaerobic processes. In the first phase the biodegradable input (also called
feedstock) is mixed with recycled water to form a slurry.
CONCLUSION