Title: Science and Technology and Nation Building

a. The Philippine Government S&T Agenda

b. Major development programs and personalities in S&T
c. Science Education in the Philippines
d. Selected indigenous science and Technologies

Introduction

Science encompasses the systematic study of the structure and

behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and
experiment, and technology is the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes. (Oxford Reference)

Learning Outcomes

• Discuss the role of Science and Technology in Philippine nation building

• Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in
terms of their contributions to nation building
• Identify actual science and technology policies of the government and
appraise their impact on the development of the Filipino nation

Content:

Science and Technology and Nation Building

The Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND)

spells out the areas which will be the focus of scientific and technological
efforts in 1993 to 1998. It is a part of a series of measures that shall be
pursued to realize the vision of Philippines 2000 which is to make the
Philippines a newly industrializing country (NIC) by the end of the
century. The STAND emphasizes the development and utilization of
superior technologies to a level of competitive advantage. This document
indicates the major S&T intervention areas identified from a process of
technical assessment and consultation. The S&T intervention areas shall
serve as basis for developing S&T programs and projects by
implementing agencies and for funding S&T programs and projects of
DOST and other government agencies and institutions.

Science contributes to technology in at least six ways:

(1) new knowledge which serves as a direct source of ideas for new
technological possibilities;

(2) source of tools and techniques for more efficient engineering design and a
knowledge base for evaluation of feasibility of designs;
(3) research instrumentation, laboratory techniques and analytical methods
used in research that eventually find their way into design or industrial
practices, often through intermediate disciplines;

(4) practice of research as a source for development and assimilation of new

human skills and capabilities eventually useful for technology;

(5) creation of a knowledge base that becomes increasingly important in the

assessment of technology in terms of its wider social and environmental
impacts;

(6) knowledge base that enables more efficient strategies of applied research,
development, and refinement of new technologies.

Source:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/004873339401
0013

Benefit of Science and Technology to Human

1. It provides us the wide information about several medicines like

vaccines, antibiotics, stem cell therapy, cure to different cancers and
diseases, herbal medicines, online doctors, online apps for health
issues. Science and Technology provide us the first hand information
about COVID 19. Infected patients due to COVID 19 can be
determine through rapid testing and PCR testing. Science and
Technology is very relevant especially in the midst of pandemic.

2. Technology moves class in different ways of learning. In the event

of pandemic, face to face is not necessary to learn. Blending learning
through synchronous and asynchronous can be made with help of
different products of technology like mobile phone, lap tap, tablet and
desktop.

3. Internet access provides us the immediate information we need from

news, books, law, online consultation and many others. We are still
connected with our friends, family and mentors even we stay at home.
Memos and announcement are move via different platforms to inform
different body of institution. Various organizations can conduct
webinars using different apps in the midst of pandemic. Technology
proves that distance can make people together .

4. It provide us convenience and better life through different appliances

like television, radio, automatic washing machine, oven, gas stove and
many more.
 5. Technology upgraded the different type of transportation from bikes,
cars, buses to trains. Helicopter to airplanes, and from simple sail to a
huge cruise.

6. Science provide us handful information and warnings about

different phenomena such as typhoon, volcanic eruption, earthquakes
and tsunami using different technology like radar and satellites.

7. Astroniomical observation can be made by scientist using different

technology.

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Agapito Flores  is a Filipino  inventor who

is known for his funnel of the fluorescent
light tube invention – one of the most
commonly used lighting devices in the
world

Dr. Fe Del Mundo

The first Asian to have entered the prestigious
Harvard University’s School of Medicine and a
pediatrician is credited for her studies that lead
to the invention of incubator and jaundice
relieving device.

Roberto Del Rosario 

Roberto del Rosario is the president of the Trebel Music Corporation and
the inventor of the karaoke Sing Along System in 1975. 

Edwad San Juan

He is the inventor of the Moon Buggy or the Lunar Rover. This Moon
buggy was the car used by Neil Armstrong and other astronauts when they
first explored the moon in 1969. 

Gregorio Zara
He  was born in Lipa City Philippines, invented the videophone in 1955 and
referred to as a Photophone separator signal. Gregorio Zara invented 30
Patented products includingThe Compass in 1929, Wooden Microscope, Vapor
Chamber and Robot that talked walked, and responded to a given
command. Etc…

Abelardo Aguilar

The Ilonggo scientist discovered the antibiotic from the Aspergillus species of

fungi in 1949 and sent samples to Indiana-based pharmaceutical firm Eli
Lilly Co. The drug firm allegedly registered the propriety name Iloson for the
antibiotic in honor of Iloilo province where Aguilar discovered
it. Erythromycin, the generic name of Iloson, was reportedly the first
successful macrolide antibiotic introduced in the US.

Rudy Lantano Sr..

He accidentally discovered alco-diesel, lan-gas and super bunker formula. In
1996, Rudy Lantano Sr., a revolutionary fuel half-composed of water. The mix
burns faster and emits pollutants, 95 percent less than those released to the
air by traditional fuel products. The inventor said his invention is a result of
blending new ingredients and additives with ordinary oil products through
agitation and mixing, which is a very safe process.

Dr. Virgilio “Billy” Malang

Dr. Virgilio “Billy” Malang is one
of the renowned Filipino
inventors. One of his famous
inventions was the Feminine
Hygiene or The External
Vaginal Cleanser.

Diosdado Banatao
– introduced the first single-chip graphical
user interface accelerator that made
computers work a lot faster and for helping
develop the Ethernet controller chip that
made the Internet possible. In 1989, he
pioneered the local bus concept for
personal computers and in the following year developed the First Windows
accelerator chip. Intel is now using the chips and technologies developed by
Banatao. He now runs his own semiconductor company, Mostron, and
Chips & Technology, which is based in California’s Silicon Valley.

Francisco Quisumbing
an innovative ink at that time and was further developed to work with Parker
Pens. Aside from being quick-drying, it was also water-resistant, did not clog
the pen opening, does not blot,
and will not fade. It is
considered one of the best
selling ink for fountain pens of
the millennium.

Source:

https://www.plethorist.com/top-10-filipino-inventions/

FAMOUS SCIENTIST IN PHILIPPINES

1. Dr. William Padolina is the father of Biotechnology.

2. Magdalena Cantoria discover the Morphology of drug plants.
3. Gregorio T. Velasquez discover algae and earn international recognition.
4. Carmen C. Velasquez discover parasitic worms.
5. Francisco Fronda is the Father of Poultry Science of the Philippines .
6. Francisco Santos discover the nutritive value and chemical composition
of the food.
7. Eduardo Quisumbing made the book “Medicinal Plants in the
Philippines”.
8. Lourdes Cruz studied on “Conotoxin from Snail as Tools for Examining
Activity of Human Brain”
9. Angel Alcala is an ecologists who made an artificial coral reef in the
Philippines.
10. Dr. Baldomero Olivera discover the cone snail toxins in the study of ion
channel and neuro –muscle synapse.
11. Jose p. Rizal made the first corneal transplant of his mother.He discover
species like golden beetle(Apogonia rizali) and flying lizard(Dracorizali).
SCIENCE EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES

“The Philippines’ Grades 1-10 Science Curriculum envisions the

development of scientifically, technologically, and environmentally literate and
productive members of society. They must possess effective communication and
interpersonal and life long learning skills as well as scientific values and
attitudes. These skills will be acquired through a curriculum that focuses on
knowledge relevant to real world and encompasses methods of inquiry. These
will be implemented in a learning environment that promotes the construction of
ideas and instills respect for others. “ DOST-SEI,

The framework of DOST –SEI in basic education are includes three

components namely: (1) inquiry skills, (2) scientific attitudes, and (3)
content and connections. Being interrelated, these components are woven
together in order to support the holistic development of a scientifically literate
individual. The Framework sets out what all students should know,
understand, value, and be able to do from Grade 1 to Grade 10. The Technical
Working Group deems it best to use Grades 1-10 (G1-10) instead of Grades 1-
Year 4 to emphasize that there is no break in the continuum of the curriculum
from elementary school to high school.

According to DOST – SEI, ( ) : its focus on the cohesiveness of the

three components and its Grade 1 to Grade 10 approach. Taken as a whole,
students in each grade level learn about the three content areas (life science,
physical science, and earth and space science) in one school year. Such an
organization emphasizes understanding the connections and interrelationship
of various science concepts. This is in contrast to the traditional presentation
of science content as separate subjects where knowledge is taught to build
mastery of a collection of isolated facts, principles, and procedures. It also
adhere for the students to develop the following attitudes

1. Critical Thinking. Development of inquiry skills contribute towards

development of critical thinking in learners.

2. Curiosity - A curious person is someone who desires to know or to learn

3. Creativity - something may come from putting two (or more) things together
in a novel way, or from seeing connections between ideas that seem unrelated,
or from simply changing one’s perspective.

4. Intellectual Honesty. Being honest means being truthful. Thus, being

intellectually honest means not copying someone else’s work and claiming it to
be one’s own.

5. Accuracy - students are expected to observe, describe, and measure. They

are required to record everything and communicate what they have learned.

6. Objectivity. An objective person is able to deal with facts or conditions as

they are, without being swayed by his personal feelings, prejudices, and
expectations

7. Independent Thinking. An independent thinker is one who tries to answer

questions on his own, using his own observations and experiences.

Source: SCIENCE FRAMEWORK FOR PHILIPPINE BASIC EDUCATION . 2011.

Science Education Institute, Department of Science and Technology and
University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics
Education Development
http://www.sei.dost.gov.ph/images/downloads/publ/sei_scibasic.pdf.

Science in HEI’s
 Republic Act (RA) 10931, otherwise known as the Universal Access to
Quality Tertiary Education Act, was approved by Philippine President
Rodrigo Roa Duterte on 3 August 2017. It mandates the State to provide,
through adequate funding and support, all Filipinos with equal
opportunity to quality tertiary education in both the private and public
educational institutions (HEIs) and to increase the participation rate
among all socio-economic classes in tertiary education. Sensibly, access
is prioritized for academically able students who come from poor families.
 RA 10931 is a strategic legislative move that will energize the Philippine
scientific enterprise system. Its successful implementation will increase
 the number of BS graduates and consequently, expand and deepen the
pool of potential PhD students in all areas of science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics. The relatively strong growth of the
Philippine economy in recent fiscal years would enable the government to
raise the revenues needed to administer the various programs mentioned
in the said law

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

DOST or Department of Science and Technology is advancing

innovations through research & development as well as support to genuine
talent and experts in science. Creative ideas and works from HEIs and
universities undergo licensing and patenting. There is an increase
productions of innovative products and improvement of several establishment
like Philippine Genomic Centre, National Museum, and PAGASA.
Infrastructures are continuously developed despite of pandemic like Manila
Rail Transit, airports, and sea ports . State Universities and Colleges (SUCs),
private universities, are supported through increase of allocated budgets for
research and innovation development.

IPOPHIL also increase the protection of the innovators with regards to

the content, knowledge, servicing, and mobilizing of the product through
linkages and industrial partners. The improvement of science and technology
through innovation is also integrated to the mandates of Gender and
Development to protect the welfare and rights of women and children.

The following programs under DOST’s Science for Change Program will
also be boosted:

1. Niche Centers in the Regions for R&D (NICER) to capacitate regional HEIs
through R&D

funding that will improve regional research and S&T infrastructure,

enabling HEIs to integrate regional development needs with R&D and local
resources.

2. R&D Leadership (RDLead) will engage experts with strong leadership,

management, and

innovative policy-making proficiency to strengthen research capabilities

of HEIs or RDIs. The experts will take the lead in establishing new and
upgrading existing R&D centers and RDIs under the NICER Program.
HEIs will also be capacitated in improving and speeding up the use of research
results in addressing the pressing challenges in agriculture, industry, and
emerging technologies.

Source: NEDA(June 19, 2020)

 SELECTED INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGIES CULTURE

Indigenous Science (IS) is the science of

knowledge of all peoples culture, tradition
and practices to their own homelands.

Ogawa (1995) proposes that every PRACTICES INDIGENOUS TRADITION

culture has its own science and refers to the SCIENCE
science of a given culture as its “indigenous
science” (p. 585). Ogawa quotes Yamada
(1970), a Japanese historian of Oriental
science, who writes, “every culture and every
society has its own science, and its function is BELIEFS
sustaining its mother society and culture” (p.
585).

Indigenous Science formally known to many

biologists and ecologists as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK).

Examples of Indigenous Science

1. Putting salt in a rice pot

2. Predicting weather condition

3. Food Preservation like fermentation or “Buro”, Pagdadaing, Pagbibilad ex.

“Bagnet” , Smoke Fish

4. Pagsisiga and Talking to plants

5. Selecting seeds for planting

6. Classifying or organisms

7. Herbal Medicines

8. Weaving

9. Paghihilot

10. Steaming or “Pagsusuob”

Example: Family of Mango includes carabao mango, Indian mango, piko,
apple mango and the likes

ACTIVITY
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
NAME: __________________________________ DATE: __________
COURSE AND SECTION: ____________________ SCORE: _________

ACTIVITY 1:

Direction: What is the indigenous science of different localities. Make

a short explanation on why indigenous people practice despite of
technology and modern era

Localities Indigenous Practice Explanation

Ex. Ilocos Norte Pagbabagnet Preserve pork meat

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

ACTIVITY 2:

What are the benefits of science and technology in you as a leaner and as
individual.

ACTIVITY 3:
 What do you think are the products/ innovation that are no yet
discovered? Justify your answer

Products/innovation Justification and its benefits to the

community
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ASSESSMENT 1:
Identification: Write your answer on the space provided.

______________1. Made the first corneal transplant of his mother.He

discover species like golden beetle(Apogonia rizali) and flying
lizard(Dracorizali).

______________2. It mandates the State to provide, through adequate

funding and support, all Filipinos with equal opportunity to quality
tertiary education in both the private and public educational institutions
(HEIs)

______________3. Emphasizes the development and utilization of

superior technologies to a level of competitive advantage

______________4. It means not copying someone else’s work and

claiming it to be one’s own.

______________5. The science of knowledge of all peoples culture,

tradition and practices to their own homelands.

______________6. Increase the protection of the innovators with regards

to the content, knowledge, servicing, and mobilizing of the product
through linkages and industrial partners.

______________7. One of his famous invention was the Feminine Hygiene or

The External Vaginal Cleanser.

______________8. She invented the incubator for jaundice baby patient.

______________9. Encompasses the systematic study of the structure

and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation
and experiment, and technology is the application of scientific knowledge
for practical purposes.

______________10. Development of inquiry skills contribute towards

development of critical thinking in learners.

Criteria:
 Criteria 10 8 6 4 2

Purpose

The writing has a clear purpose or

argument, it expresses its own view

Content

The content is original, based on reality and

shows evidence

Organization

The theme is well organized, arranged and

systematic

Technical Aspect/ Feeling

The writer express its feeling and supported

by technology

References:

Aldea, K.K., Caronan, H.A., & Candido, M.O., (2018). Science, Technology
and Society. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.

NEDA (2017) Socio Economic Report. Retrieved from

http://www.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/SER-Chap-
14_as-of-May-7.pdf

Ogawa, M. (1989). Beyond the tacit framework of ‘science’ and ‘science

education’ among science educators. International Journal of Science
Education, 11(3), 247-250. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950069890110301

Ogawa, M. (1995). Science education in a multiscience perspective. Science

Education, 79(5), 583-593. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730790507
Prieto, N.G, Vega, V.A, Felipe, E.F, & Meneses, J.L. (2019). Science,
Technology and Society. Quezon City. Lorimar Publishing, INC.

Philippine Journal of Science 146 (4): vii-viii, December 2017 ISSN 0031 –
7683. Access to tertiary education_Editorial for December 2017.pdf.
Retrieved from
http://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf/pjs_pdf/vol146no4/Acces
s%20to%20tertiary%20education_Editorial%20for%20December%20201
7.pdf

Serafica, J.J, Pawilen, G.T, Caslib, B.N, & Alata, E.P. (2018). Science,
Technology and Society. Quezon City. REX Bookstore.

SCIENCE FRAMEWORK FOR PHILIPPINE BASIC EDUCATION . 2011. Science

Education Institute, Department of Science and Technology and
University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and
Mathematics Education Development Retrievd from:
http://www.sei.dost.gov.ph/images/downloads/publ/sei_scibasic.pdf

Top 10 Filipino Inventions Retrieved from : https://www.plethorist.com/top-

10-filipino-inventions/

http://www.sei.dost.gov.ph/images/downloads/publ/sei_scibasic.pdf