LESSON 1: S & T EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES-2
500,000 pesos worth of goods,
Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology
in the Philippines
 The early inhabitants of the archipelago had
their own culture and traditions.
 Own belief system and indigenous knowledge
 Keeps them organized and sustained their lives
and communities for many years.
 Pre-Spanish Philippines
o Embedded in the way of life
o SCIENCE
 Planting crops that provide
them food
 Taking care of animals
 Food production
 Interpret the movements of
heavenly bodies to predict
seasons and climates
 Medicinal uses of plants
o TECHNOLOGY
 Building houses
 Irrigations
 Developing tools
 Musical instruments
o Metal Age influence
 Gold and silver jewelry
 Trading with other countries
 Indigenous or Folk Science
o Spanish Rule
 Brought their own culture and
practices
 Established schools and introduced
the concepts of subjects and
disciplines
 
 Learning of science in school
focuses on understanding different
concepts related to the human
body, plants, animals and bodies.
 productivity
 Technology focuses on using and
developing house tools
 Life during the Spanish era
o Became modernized
o Filipinos replicated technology brought by
the Spaniards using indigenous materials.
o Medicine and advanced science were
introduced in formal colleges and
universities
o The Galleon Trade
 The galleon trade was supplied by
merchants largely from port areas
of Fujian who traveled to Manila to
sell the Spaniards spices, porcelain,
ivory, processed silk cloth and other
valuable commodities.
 From 1565 to 1815, the galleon
trade contributed to the change of
culture, language and environment
for both Philippines and Mexico.
 The Galleon Trade was a
government monopoly. Only two
galleons were used: One sailed
from Acapulco to Manila with some
spending 120 days at sea; the other
sailed from Manila to Acapulco with
some 250,000 pesos worth of goods
spending 90 days at sea.
 The country became one of the
centers of global trade in SEA
- One of the most developed
places in the region.
 Superstitious beliefs and Catholic
doctrines and practices halted the
growth of science in the country.
 American Period
o More influence in the Development of
S&T
o Public education system
o Improved engineering works and health
of the people
o Mineral resources were explored and
exploited
o “Americanize” the Filipinos
1. Reorganized the learning of
science
2. In basic education, science
education focuses on nature
studies and science and
sanitation.
 World War 2
o The country had a difficult time to
rebuild itself from the ruins of the war.
o The human spirit to survive and to
rebuild the country may be strong but
the capacity of the country to bring
back what was destroyed was limited.
New Republic
o Focusing on using its limited resources
in improving S&T capability.
o Use of Overseas Development
Allocation to improve scientific
and technological
capability.
o Human resource development
 GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
o introduced and implemented programs,
projects and policies to boost science
and technology.
o GOAL: prepare the whole country and
its people to meet the demands of a
technologically driven world and
capacitate the people to live in a world
driven by science.
o In response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda,
the government, particularly the DOST,
has sought the expertise of the NRCP to
consult various sectors in the society to
study how the Philippines can prepare
itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.
o The NRCP clustered these policies into
four:
1. Social Sciences, Humanities, indigenous people’s
Education, International Policies conservation
and Governance
o Integrating ASEAN
awareness in basic o Formulation of
education without common food and
adding to the safety standards
curriculum
o Emphasizing teaching in LESSON 2: THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT S & T
AGENDA
the mother tongue
o Developing school  The DOST, in consultation with government and
infrastructure and private research and development institutions,
providing for ICT the academe, industry, and other concerned
broadband agencies, prepared the Harmonized National
o Local food security R&D Agenda (HNRDA) 2017-2022 to ensure that
2. Physics, Engineering, and the results of S&T endeavors are geared
Industrial Research, Earth and towards and are utilized in areas of maximum
Space Sciences, and economic and social benefit for the people. The
Mathematics formulation of the HNRDA is in line with the
o Emphasizing degrees, DOST’s mandate of providing central direction,
licenses, and leadership, and coordination of the scientific
employment and technological efforts in the country.
opportunities  The HNRDA is aligned with AmBisyon Natin
o Outright grants for peer 2040: matatag, maginhawa at panatag na buhay
monitoring para sa lahat. It has three pillars: Malasakit
o Review of RA 9184 (enhancing the social fabric), Pagbabago
o Harnessing science and (reducing inequality) and Kaunlaran (increasing
technology as an potential growth). AmBisyon Natin 2040 and
independent mover of the three pillars form the foundation for more
development inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient
3. Medical, Chemical and society and a globally competitive knowledge
Pharmaceutical Sciences economy.
o Ensuring compliance of  The DOST’s Harmonized National R&D Agenda
drug-manufacturing (2017-2022) had the following R&D Priority
firms with ASEAN- Areas and Programs:
harmonized standards o Section I: National Integrated Basic
by full implementation Research Agenda (NIBRA)
of the FDA o Section II. Health
o Creating an education o Section III. Agriculture, Aquatic and
council dedicated to Natural Resources Sector (AANR)
standardization of o Section IV. Industry, Energy, and
pharmaceutical services Emerging Technology
and care o Section V. Disaster Risk Reduction and
o Empowering food and Climate Change Adaptation (DRR CCA)
drug agencies to
conduct evidence-
based research as pool LESSON 3: MAJOR DEVELOPMENT
of information PROGRAMS/GOVERNMENT POLICIES FOR S & T IN THE
o Allocating 2% of the NEW NORMAL
GDP to research
o Legislating a law  A new normal is a state to which an economy,
supporting human society, etc. settles following a crisis, when this
genome projects differs from the situation that prevailed prior to
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, the start of the crisis. The term has been used
and Forestry following the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the
o Protecting and aftermath of the 2008–2012 global recession,
conserving biodiversity and the COVID-19 pandemic.
by full implementation  The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life as we
of existing laws know it. As the rate of infections begins to slow
o Use of biosafety and down in some hard-hit areas, early signs of
standard model by recovery are appearing. Some towns, cities and
ASEAN countries states are starting to slowly reopen businesses,
o Promoting indigenous public areas and more.
knowledge systems and
  As long as the world has not found a cure or a  Dr. Lourdes J. Cruz (Marine Biology)
vaccine for Covid-19, we may have to adjust to
a “new normal”, meaning a new way of living
and going about our lives, work and interactions
with other people.
 Many Filipinos believe that they have adapted
to the restrictions and routine of the new
normal. However, 94% express worry that they
can contract COVID-19 as found in the recent
Ipsos Southeast Asia Study (Indonesia, Malaysia,
the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam) on Living with COVID-19. The survey
was conducted prior the end of the Enhanced
Community Quarantine (ECQ) in Metro Manila
over the period of 22nd to 26th May 2020
among 500 Filipinos.
 Filipinos have also experienced a significant
impact on their household income due to
community quarantine measures. 38% claimed
that their income is down by more than 50%,
the highest among the six countries surveyed.
 With the fear still imminent, Filipinos think that
it will take them some time to revert to their
pre-COVID-19 routines. The majority say that
they can resume activities such as going to
restaurants, visiting family and friends, and
using public transportation around August to
December this year. Recovery for travel,
culture, and fitness industries might be longer
as Filipinos most have expressed that they will
neither go to cultural events/gatherings nor go
to the gym for the remainder of the year. They
are also still on a wait-and-see for domestic and
international travel.
 When asked what Filipino’s plan to spend on
after movement restrictions, spending on
essentials will still continue food for cooking at
home, cleaning products, and personal care
items. Filipinos will however minimize
expenditures compared before on restaurants
and cafes, travel, and cultural activities than
before.

LESSON 4: PERSONALITIES IN S & T IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Dr. Fe V. Del Mundo (Pediatrics)

 Dr. Julian A. Banzon (Chemistry)
 Dr. Clara Y. LIm-Syliangco (Biochemistry &
Organic Chemistry)
 Dr. Gregorio Y. Zara (Engineering and
Inventions)
 Dr. Ernesto O. Domingo (infectious diseases)
 Dr. Eduardo A. Quisumbing (Plant Taxonomy,
Systematics, and Morphology)
 Dr. Angel C. Alcala (Ecology and Biology)
 Dr. William G. Padolina (Natural Products
Chemistry)
 Engr. Diosdado P. Banatao
(Engineering/Entrepreneurship)
 Dr. Juan S. Salcedo, Jr. (Nutrition and Public
Health)
 Dr. Francisco O. Santos (Human Nutrition and
Agricultural Chemistry)