ALGEBRA

BASIC LAW OF NUMBER SYSTEM SPECIAL PRODUCTS

Let a, b, and c be any number in set R. 1. a ( x + y ) = ax + ay

1. law of closure
a. for addition; if a and b is in R, then a+b is in 2. ( x + y )( x − y ) = x 2 − y 2
3. ( x  y ) = x 2  2 xy + y 2
R. 2
b. for multiplication; if a and b is in R, then axb
is in R. 4. (x + a )(x + b ) = x 2 + (a + b )x + ab
2. Associative law
a. for addition; a+(b+c)= (a+b)+c 5. (ax + b )(cx + d ) = acx 2 + (ad + bc )x + bd
7. (x  y ) = x 3  3x 2 y + 3xy 2  y 3
b. for multiplication; a(bc)= (ab)c 3
3. Commutative law
a. for addition; a+b=b+a
b. for multiplication; axb=bxa
( )
8. (x  y ) x 2  xy + y 2 = x 3  y 3 .
4. Distributive law of multiplication over addition
cx(a+b) = cxa + cxb Laws of Exponents

BASIC LAWS OF EQUALITY 1. a m a n = a m +n

am
a. reflexivity; a = a. 2. n
= a m-n
b. symmetry; if a = b then b = a. a
c. transitivity; if a = b and b = c, then a = c.
d. addition property; if a =b, then a + c = b + c
3. (a )m n
= a mn
e. multiplication property; if a = b, then a x c = b x c 4. (ab)n = anbn
n
INTEGER a an
5.   = n
An integer is a real number which is either a counting number,
b b
or 0, or the negative of a counting number. A positive integer is
called composite if it is different from 1 and can be expressed Laws of Radicals
as the product of two or more positive integers different from
itself. A positive integer is called prime if it is different from 1 1.
n
an = a
and is not composite. Two integers are said to be relatively
prime if they have no common prime factors, so that the only 2. n
ab = n a n b
factors they have in common are 1 and -1. a na
3. n =
b nb
RATIONAL NUMBER
4.
mn
a = mn a
A real number x which can be expressed as a quotient of an
integer n by a nonzero integer m is called a rational number. Laws of Logarithms
Ex. 5/3, -13/2, 4, -6
1. logbMN = logbM + logbN
IRRATIONAL NUMBER
M
2. log b = log bM - log bN
A real number which is not rational is called an irrational N
number.
3. log b M N = N log b M
Ex. 2 , π, e
Important Properties
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Any combination of symbols and numbers related by the 1: a 0 = 1 provided a  0

fundamental operations of algebra is called an algebraic 1
expression. If the expression consist of just one term, it is called 2: a -n = n
a
a monomial. If it consist of two terms, it is called binomial. If
( a)
m
more than two, it is called multinomial. m
3: a n = n am = n

Remainder theorem 4: a log ab = b or e lnb = b

If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x-r) until a remainder which 5: a m = a n implies that m = n
is free of x is obtained, the remainder is f(r). 6: log M = N implies that M = b N
b
Factor theorem 7: log M = log bN implies that M = N
b
If x-r is a factor of f(x), then the remainder f(r) is equal to zero. logbN
8: log aN =
logb a
 ALGEBRA

9: log b = 1 provided b  0, b  1 − b + b 2 − 4ac

b x1 =
10: log 1 = 0 provided b  0, b  1 2a
b
− b − b 2 − 4ac
x2 =
PARTIAL FRACTION DECOMPOSITION: 2a
b
Linear factor: 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 Sum of the roots, x1 + x 2 = −
numerator coefficient: constant C a
Quadratic factor: ax2 + bx + c c
numerator coefficient: C1x + C2 Product of the roots, x1 • x 2 =
Cubic factor: ax3 + bx2 + cx + d a
numerator coefficient: C1x2 + C2x + C3
THE BINOMIAL THEOREM
Relations/Function
1
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain is the set of all 1 1
abscissas of the ordered pairs. The range is the set of all 1 2 1
ordinates of the ordered pairs. 1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
A function is a relation in which each element of the domain is 1 5 10 10 5 1
paired with exactly one element in the range. A function from x 1 6 15 20 15 6 1
to y is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that to each x ε X, there 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
corresponds a unique y ε Y. We may, therefore, use the set
notation to describe the function: This array of numbers is called the Pascal’s Triangle.
(x, y ) / y = f ( x)
Any lower row is formed by adding any two adjacent numbers
of the upper row and place 1 at both ends so as to form a
triangle. Pascal’s Triangle is used to easily recall the numerical
Linear function coefficients of the expansion of the powers of a binomial. But
for large powers of a binomial, Pascal’s Triangle becomes
A first degree function of two variables, written in standard inconveniently to use. For such, use Binomial Theorem.
form as; y = ax + b where a and b are constants.
The rth term of ( x + y )n is
Simultaneous Linear Equations n!
r thterm = x n−r +1 y r −1
The equations in the form:
(n − r + 1)!(r − 1)!
a1x + b1 y = c1 n
To find the middle term set r = + 1
a2x + b2y = c2 2
are called simultaneous linear equations.
Sum of the coefficients:
Solution to simultaneous linear equations: To get the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of
1. by substitution (ax+by+…..) simply replace the variables by 1 then simplify. If
2. by elimination constant is involved in the function subtract the value of the
constant.
Quadratic function PROGRESSION
A second degree functions of two variables, written in the Arithmetic Progression (A. P.)
standard form as; y = ax + bx + c
2
- a sequence of terms in which each term
If y = 0 this results to what we call quadratic equation. after the first is obtained by adding a
The solution of the quadratic equation in the form; fixed number to the preceding term.
- a sequence of terms in which any two
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is; consecutive terms has a common
− b  b 2 − 4ac difference.
Quadratic Formula: x = That is, the sequence a1, a2, a3 are in arithmetic
2a progression if and only if:
a2 – a1 = a3 – a2
The expression b2 – 4ac is called the discriminant which Let: a1 = first term of an A. P.
determines the type of root that can be extracted from the an = nth term of an A. P.
quadratic equation; d = common difference
n = number of terms
1. When b2 – 4ac > 0, the roots are real and unequal. Sn = the sum of n terms
2. When b2 – 4ac = 0, the roots are real and equal
(or quadratic equation is a perfect trinomial) Then,
an = a1 + (n − 1)d
3. When b2 – 4ac < 0, the roots are imaginary and
unequal (complex conjugates)

n
(a1 + a n ) = n 2a1 + (n − 1)d 
The two roots of the quadratic equation are:
Sn =
2 2
 ALGEBRA

1 1 1 1
Arithmetic Mean Then, − = − --common difference
The arithmetic mean between two numbers is the x a b x
number which when placed between the two numbers, forms 2ab
with them an arithmetic progression. Solving for x: x=
a+b
In general, for n terms, For the harmonic mean, HM, of n terms;

a1 + a 2 + a3 + ........ + a n HM =
n
Arithmetic mean (AM) =
n 1 1 1 1
+ + + ...... +
a1 a 2 a3 an
Geometric Progression (G.P.)
- a sequence of terms in which each term after the first is
found by multiplying the preceding term by a fixed RATIO, PROPORTION AND VARIATION
number called common ratio.
- The sequence a1, a2, a3 are in G.P. if and only if: 1. RATIO
a 2 a3 a 4
= = = ......... The ratio of a number a to another number b is the
a1 a 2 a3 fraction a/b usually as a:b (read a “is to” b). Where a is called
The nth term, an antecedent and b is called consequent.
a n = a1r n −1
2. PROPORTION

Sum of the first n terms in G.P. Proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal.

S = a1
(r
−1 n
)
when r>1
Usually written as a:b = c:d or a/b = c/d. Where a and d are
called the extremes and b and c are called the means. D is
r −1
( )
called the fourth proportional to a, b, and c. If the means of a
1− rn proportion are equal, as in a/x = x/b, the number b is called the
or S = a1 when r<1.
1− r third proportional to a and x, while the number x is called the
mean proportional between a and b. It is obvious that the mean
where a1 = first term
proportional between a and b is equal to their geometric mean.
r = common ratio
A proportion may be altered in four different ways summarized
n = number of terms
in the tabular form below.
Infinite Geometric Progression
a c
The sum of terms in geometric progression can be Basic Proportion =
found if the common ratio b d
| r |<1, -1 < r < 1
a1 Transformation by Transformed Form
S=
1 −r
a b
Geometric Mean Alternation =
The term in between the first and last terms of the c d
b d
geometric sequence. Inversion =
Let x = geometric mean, a c
a+b c+d
a1, x, a2 → geometric progression Addition =
b d
Then, x/a1 = a2/x → common ratio a −b c−d
2 Subtraction =
Solving for x: x = a1a2 b d
x = a1 a 2 → Geometric mean 3. VARIATION
i. Direct Variation (also direct proportion)
Harmonic Progression
The Five Statements Below Have Same
Sequence of terms whose reciprocal forms an Meaning
arithmetic progression. That is, a1, a2, a3…an are in harmonic As x increases y increase proportionately
progression. If 1/a1, 1/a2, 1/a3…1/an form an arithmetic y is proportional to x
progression. y is directly proportional to x
y varies as x
y varies directly as x
Harmonic Mean
In symbols the above statements mean, y x
Let x = harmonic mean between a and b In mathematical terms, y = kx
a, x, b → in H. P. where k is called the constant of proportionality or also
called the constant of variation
1 1 1
, , →in arithmetic progression
a x b ii. Inverse Variation (also indirect variation)
 ALGEBRA

The following Statements Below Have Same Meaning

As x decreases y increase (and vice versa)
y is inversely proportional to x Worded problems:
y varies indirectly as x
In symbols the above statements mean, 1. Age problem
1 3. Clyde, Jeffrey and Geneross are three brothers, the
y sum of their ages five years ago is 13/25 of the sum
x
In mathematical terms, of their ages three years from now. If Geneross’s
k age is the same as the age of Clyde five years ago
y= , (x not equal to zero) and Clyde is two years older than Jeffrey. How old
x are they ten years from now?
Examples
a. 18, 23, 32 b. 26, 24, 21
1. Boyle’s Law: “When the temperature of a confined gas is
held constant, the pressure of the gas varies inversely as its c. 15, 18, 21 d. 32, 41, 48
absolute pressure.” 4. I am three times as old as you were when I was as
2. Ohm’s Law: “The current is directly proportional to the old as you are now. When you got to be my age
impressed emf and inversely to the resistance together our ages will be 84. How old are we now?
a. 24 & 36 b. 24 & 8 c. 16 & 8 d. 18 & 27
iii. Joint Variation
y varies jointly as x and w 2. Work problem
In symbols, y xw
5. Three persons can do a piece of work alone in 4
Mathematically, y = kxw ;
hours, 5 hours, and 6 respectively. How long will
Warning: Not y = k(x+w) they finish the job working together?
a. ¾ b. 60/37 c. ½ d. 37/30
INEQUALITY 6. A certain work can be done in as many days as
there are men in the group. If the number of men in
Symbols used in inequality: the group is reduced by 3, the job will be delayed
a > b a is greater than b by 4 days. The number of men originally in the
a < b a is less than b group is
a  b a is greater than or equal to b a. 12 men b. 10 men c. 8 men d. 14 men
a  b a is less than or equal to b 7. A 400mm diameter pipe can fill the tank alone in
a. an inequality is called absolute inequality if 5hours and another 600mm diameter pipe can fill
it is true for all permissible values of the the tank alone in 4 hours. A drain pipe 300mm in
variables involved. diameter can empty the tank in 20hours. With all
the three pipes open, how long will it take to fill the
b. An inequality is called conditional inequality tank?
if it is not true for all permissible values of the a. 2.5 b. 2.2 c. 1.92 d. 1.8
variables involved.
3. Mixture problem
Theorems on inequalities:
1. a > b if and only if –a < -b 8. Two thousand kilogram of steel containing 8%
2. If a > 0, then -a<0 nickel is to be made by mixing a steel containing
3. If –a < 0, then a > 0 14% nickel with another steel containing 6% nickel.
4. If a > b, c < 0, then ac < bc How much of the steel containing 14% nickel is
5. If a > b, c > d, then (a+c) > (b+d) needed?
6. if a > b, c > d, and a, b, c, d >0; a. 500kg b. 800kg
then ac > bd c. 750 kg d. 1500kg
9. An alloy of silver and gold weighs 15 oz. in air
1 1
7. If a > 0, b > 0, a > b, then  and 14 oz. in water. Assuming that the silver losses
a b 1/10 of its weight in water and gold losses 1/18 of
its weight, how many oz. of each metal are in the
VENN DIAGRAM: alloy?
a. Ag=3.75; Au=11.25 b. Ag=5.75, Au= 11.25
1. In a club of 40 executives, 27 like to smoke Marlboro c. Ag=5, Au= 10 d. Ag=2.75, Au=12.25
and 25 like to smoke Philip Morris. How many like 10. The tank of a car contains 50 liters of alcogas 25%
both? of which is pure alcohol. How much of the mixture
a. 10 b. 11 c. 13 d. 12 must be drawn off which when replaced by pure
2. In a commercial survey involving 1000 persons on alcohol will yield a 50-50% alcogas?
brand preferences, 120 were found to prefer brand a. 16 2/3 b. 15 1/3 c. 14 d. 20
x only, 200 persons prefer brand y only, 150
persons prefer brand z only, 370 prefer either brand 4. Clock problem
x or y but not z, 450 prefer brand y or z but not x,
and 370 prefer either brand z or x but not y, and 11. How many minutes after 10:00 o’clock will the
none prefer all the three brands at a time. How hands of the clock be opposite each other for the
many persons have no brand preferences with any first time?
of the three brands? a. 21.82 b. 22.31 c. 24.81 d. 22.61
a. 280 b. 370 c. 187 d. 654
 ALGEBRA

12. A man left his home at pat 3 o’clock PM as at the same time between Mumbai and Delhi, what
indicated in his wall clock. Between two to three is the speed of Train C if the distance between
hours after, he returned home and noticed that the Delhi and Mumbai is 1260 kms?
hands of the clock interchanged. At what time did
a. 120kph b. 100kph
he left his home?
a. 3:31.47 PM b. 3:41.5PM c. 130kph d. 170kph
c. 3:35.7 PM d 3:12.45PM

PROBLEMS:
5. Number problem 1) Simplify 3(x + 6) +4(2x – 5);
a.. 11x + 2 b. 11x2 + 2
13. The product of three consecutive integers is 9240. 2
c. 11x - 2 d. 11x - 2
Find the third integers. 2) Simplify (1 + x)(2 – x) – (3 – x)(3 + x)
a. 22 b. 21 c. 20 d. 23
a.7 + x b. -7 – x2
14. Two numbers differ by 40 and their arithmetic
mean exceeds their positive geometric mean by 2. c. 7 + x d. -7 + x
The numbers are 3) Simplify ( x2 + y – 2)(x2 - y +2);
a. 81, 121 b. 64, 104 a.. -2x + 4 b. 2x + 4
c. 45, 125 d. 100, 140 c. 2x – 4 d. x4 – y2 + 4y - 4
3
15. Three numbers are in the ratio 2:5:8. if their sum is 𝑐 4 𝑑3 𝑑2
4) Simplify ( 𝑐𝑑2 ) ( 𝑐 3 ) ;
60, find the numbers?
a. 8,20,32 b. 4, 6, 12 b. 4, 10, 16 a. –𝑑7 b. −𝑐 6
–𝑑7
𝑐6
c. 7, 45, 16 d. 4, 12, 16 𝑑7 𝑑7
16. If the square of the difference of two given integers c. −𝑐 6 d. 𝑐 6
equals 13 while the product of those integers is 4, (9𝑠𝑡)3/2
find the sum of the squares of the integers. 5) Simplify (27𝑠 3 𝑡 −4 )2/3
;
a. 21 b. 8 c. 10 d. 3 a. 3s-1/2 -t 25/6 b. -3s-1/2 t25/6
c. 3s1/2 t-25/6 d. 3s-1/2t25/6
6. Digit problem
𝑥 2 −𝑥−6 𝑥 3 +𝑥 2
6) Simplify ∗ 𝑥 2−2𝑥−3;
𝑥 2 +2𝑥
17. In a two digit number, the units digit is 3 greater a. –x b. –x2
than the ten’s digit. Find the number if it is 4 times
c. x2 d. x
as large as the sum of its digits.
a. 36 b. 58 c. 47 d. 25
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+5
7) Simplify ÷ ;
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−15 2𝑥 2 −7𝑥+3
18. A two-digit number is equal to four times the sum 41𝑥+101 40𝑥+100
of its digits while the sum of the squares of its digits a.. 4+ 𝑥 2+10𝑥+25 b. 4+ 𝑥 2+10𝑥+25
is 20. Find the number. 41𝑥+100 40𝑥+101
c. 4+ 𝑥 2+10𝑥+25 d. 4+ 𝑥 2+10𝑥+25
a. 24 b. 42 c. 62 d. 33 𝑥 1 2
8) Simplify + − ;
𝑥 2 −𝑥−6 𝑥+2 𝑥−3
19. The sum of the digits of a three-digit number is 7 7
a. (𝑥+3)(𝑥+2) b. (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
twelve. The sum of the squares of the hundreds’
−7 −7
digit and the tens’ digit is equal to the square of the c. (𝑥+2)(𝑥−3) d. (𝑥−3)(𝑥+2)
units’ digits. If the hundreds’ digit is increased by
two, the digits will be reversed. Find the number. 9) Factor completely x5y2 – xy6;
a. 345 b. 452 c. 435 d. 543 a. xy(x - y) (x - y) (x + y2)
b. xy(x – y)(x2- y) (x2 + y)
7. Motion problem c. xy2(x + y) ( x + y )( x + y) d. xy2(x
+ y) (x – y) (x2 + y2)
20. Nonoy left Pikit to drive to Davao at 6:15 PM and 10) Factor completely (2 + 𝑥 )−2/3 𝑥 + (2 + 𝑥 )1/3 ;
arrived at 11:45PM. If he averaged 30mph and
a. (2+x)-2/3(2) (x-1) b. (2-x)2/3(-2) (x +1) c. (
stopped 1 hour for dinner, how far is Davao from
Pikit? 2 –x) (-2) (x-1) d. (2+ x) (2) (x+1)
2/3 -2/3

2(𝑥−𝑦)
a. 135 b. 128 c. 160 d. 256 11) Rationalize the expression ;
√𝑥−√𝑦
2
21. At 2PM, an airplane takes off at 340 mph on an a. -2√𝑥 + 2 √𝑦 b. 2√𝑥 − 2√𝑦
aircraft carrier. The aircraft carrier moves due south c. √2𝑥 − √2𝑦 d. 2√𝑥 + 2√𝑦
at 25mph in the same direction as the plane. At 4:05 5𝑥+7
PM, the communication between the plane and the 12) Decompose into partial fractions .
𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
aircraft carrier was lost. Determine the 1 2 1 1 1 2
a. − 𝑥−2 − − 𝑥−1 b. 𝑥+2 − 𝑥+1 + 𝑥−2
communication range in miles between the plane 𝑥−1
1 2 1 1 2 1
and the carrier. c. + + d. − + −
𝑥−2 𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥−1 𝑥+1
a. 656 miles b. 785 miles
c. 557miles d. 412 miles 2𝑥 2 −𝑥+4
13) Decompose into partial fractions .
𝑥 3 +4𝑥
22. Train A traveling at 60 km/hr leaves Mumbai for 1 𝑥+1 1 𝑥+2
a. 𝑥 + b. − 𝑥 − 𝑥−4 c.
Delhi at 6 P.M. Train B traveling at 90 km/hr also 𝑥 2 +4
2 𝑥+2 1 𝑥−1
leaves Mumbai for Delhi at 9 P.M. Train C leaves − 𝑥 − 𝑥 2−4 d. 𝑥 + 𝑥 2+4
Delhi for Mumbai at 9 P.M. If all three trains meet
 ALGEBRA

𝑥 2 +1 31) Solve the equation 3𝑥 < 9𝑥 + 4.

14) Decompose into partial fractions .
𝑥(𝑥−1)3
1 1 2 1 1 2
a.. x > 2/3 b. x > 1/3
a. 𝑥 − 𝑥+1 − (𝑥−1)3 b. 𝑥 + 𝑥+2 + (𝑥−1) c. x > -1/3 d. x > -2/3
1 2 2 1 1 2 32) Solve the inequality x2 – 5x + 6 ≤ 0.
c. − 𝑥 − 2𝑥−1 + d. − 𝑥 + + (𝑥−1)3
(𝑥+1)2 𝑥−1 a.. {x⎥ 3≤ x ≤ 2} b. { x ⎥ 2 ≥ x ≥ 3}
15) Decompose
2𝑥 4 +4𝑥 3 −2𝑥 2 +𝑥+7
. c. {x ⎥ 3 ≥ x ≥ 2} d. { x ⎥ 2 ≤ x ≤ 3}
𝑥 3 +2𝑥 2 −𝑥−2 3 2𝑥−3 1
2 1 2 33) Give the range of values of x: 2 ≥ 12 > 6
a. 3x + 𝑥+1 − 𝑥−2 − 𝑥−2
a) 5/2 < x < -11/2) b) -5/2 < x < 21/2 c) -5/2
2 2 2
b. -2x - 𝑥−1 − 𝑥−2 − 𝑥−2 < x < -11/2 d) 5/2 < x < 21/2
2 1 1 34) The 100th term of an arithmetic sequence is 98, and the
c. -3x + 𝑥−1 − 𝑥+2 + 𝑥
common difference is 2. Find the first three terms.
2 1 1
d. 2x + 𝑥−1 − 𝑥+2 − 𝑥+1 a.. -50, -52, -54 b. -64, -62, -60
16) Find the remainder if the polynomial c. -86, -84, -82 d. -100, -98, -96
35) An amphitheater has 50 rows of seats with 30 seats in
x6 – 3x4 + 5x3 + 7 is divided by x + 1.
the first row, 32 in the second, 34 in the third, and so
a.. -10 b. 10 c. 7 d. 0
17) The expression x4 + ax3 + 5x2 + bx + 6 when divided on. Find the total number of seats.
by ( x – 2) leaves a remainder of 16, and when divided a.. 2356 b. 3652 c. 8564 d. 3950
36) Telephone poles are stored in a pile with 25 poles in
by (x – 1) leaves a remainder of 10. Find the value of a
the first layer, 24 in the second, and so on. If there are
and b.
12 layers, how many telephone poles does the pile
a.. 7/3, 5/4 b. 3/7, 5/6
c. 2/5, -4/7 d. -11/3, 5/3 contain?
18) Find the value of k such that x – 3 is a factor of kx3 – a.. 189 b. 126 c. 365 d. 234
6x2 + 2kx -12. 37) Find the eighth term of the geometric progression 5,
a.. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 2 15, 45, …………….
19) Find the middle term of the expansion ( x2 – 2y)10? a.. 63524 b. 26541 c. 45872 d. 10935
−2 𝑘
a.. -8864x12y5 b. -9064x10y5 38) Find the sum ∑5𝑘=1 7 ( 3 ) .
10 6
c. -8064x y d. -8064x10y5
20) If the rth term of the expansion (x2 – 2y3)n is Cx8y12, a.. -32/243 b. -3/14
c. -45/1234 d. -770/243
find the value of C. 2
39) Find the sum of the infinite geometric series 2 + 5 +
a.. 1209 b. 453 c. 345 d. 1120
2 2 2
21) Find the term that does not contain x in the expansion + 125 + ⋯ … + 5𝑛 + ⋯ …
8 25
1
of (8𝑥 + 2𝑥) . a.. 6/3 b. 15/2 c. 7/2 d. 5/2
40) A ball is dropped from a height of 60ft. Each time it
a.. 98650 b. 69201
c. 654210 d. 17920 strikes the ground it rebounds to a height of 60% of the
22) Factor the expression x8 + 4x6y + 6x4y2 + 4x2y3 + y4. distance it fell. Find the total distance the ball travels.
a.. (x + y)8 b. ( 2x + y)8 a.. 90ft b. 180ft c. 150ft d. 240ft
2
c. (x + y) 8
d. (x2 + y)4 41) At the recent Olympic games in Beijing, China, a team
23) Find the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of ( which participated in 1600m relay event had the
2x - 4y)25. following individual speed. First runner, 24kph; second
a.. 21235621 b. -123563 runner, 20kph; third runner, 22 kph and fourth runner
c. 5263411 d. -33554432 23kph. What was the team’s speed?
24) Find the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (3x a.21kph b. 22.25kph
– 1)10. c. 23kph d. 22.15kph
a.. 2351 b. 2541 42) Given that W varies directly as the product of x and y
c. 3652 d. 1023 and inversely as the square of z and that W= 4, when
25) What is the sum of the exponents in the expansion of
x=2, y=6 and z=3. Find the value of W when x=1, y=4
(3x + 4y)12.
and z=2.
a.. 256 b. 136
a.. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 3
c. 146 d. 156
43) The resistance of a wire varies directly with its length
26) Evaluate log 2 10 + log 3 20 − log4 50
and inversely with its area. If a certain piece of wire
a.. 2.31 b. 3.25 c. 3.78 d. 3.23
27) Simplify the expression 10m long and 0.10 cm in diameter has a resistance of
log P = log P0 – c log (t + 1); 100ohms, what will be its resistance if it is uniformly
a.. P = P0(t + 1)-2c b. P = P0(t + 1)2c stretched so that its length becomes 12m. Assume
c. P = P0(t + 1) c
d. P = P0(t + 1)-c diameter to be constant after it is being stretched.
28) Solve the equation e – ex -6 = 0.
2x a.. 80 b. 100 c. 110 d. 120
a.. ln2 b. ln-3 c. ln-2 d. ln 3 44) The rotary club and the Jaycees club had a joint
29) Solve for x in the equation 2log x = log 2 + log (3x – Christmas party. 120 members of the rotary club
4). attended and 100 members of the Jaycees club also
a.. 2, 3 b. 3, 4 c, 5,3 d. 2, 4 attended but 30 of those who attended are members of
30) Solve for x in the equation both clubs. How many persons attended the Christmas
x-1/2 – 2x1/2 + x3/2 = 0. party.
a.. 0 b. 2 c. 3 d. 1 a.. 150 b. 180 c. 220 d. 190
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45) In a survey concerning the smoking habits of consumer occupied by the minute hand 3 minutes ago. What is
it was found that 55% smoke cigarette A, 50% smoke the time now?
cigarette B, 40% smoke cigarette C, 30% smoke a.. 9:15 b. 9:36
cigarette A and B, 20% smoke cigarettes A and C, 12% c. 9:48 d. 9:20
smoke cigarettes B and C, only 10% smoke all the 56) The sum of the digits of a three digit number is twelve.
three cigarettes. What percentage of the population did The sum of the squares of the hundreds digit and the
not smoke? tens digit is equal to the square of the units digit. If the
a.. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 7% hundreds digit is increased by two, the digits will be
46) Ten years from now the sum of the ages of A and B is reversed. Find the number.
equal to 50. Six years ago, the difference of their ages a.. 452 b. 765 c. 543 d. 345
is equal to 6. How old is A and B? 57) Six times the middle of a three digit number is the sum
a.. 10, 15 b. 14, 16 of the other two. If the number is divided by the sum of
c. 16, 20 d. 18, 12 the digits, the answer is 51 and the remainder is 11. If
47) Pedro is as old as Juan was when Juan is twice as old the digits are reversed, the number becomes smaller by
as Pedro was. When Pedro will be as old as Juan is 198. Find the number.
now, the difference between their ages is 6 years. Find a..675 b. 876 c. 524 d. 725
the age of each now. 58) Twice the sum of two numbers is 28. The sum of the
a..14, 21 b. 12, 18 squares of the two numbers is 100. The product of the
c. 10, 15 d. 24, 18 two numbers is:
48) A, B and C can do a piece of work in 10days, A and B a..54 b. 40 c. 58 d. 48
can do it in 12 days, A and C in 20 days. How many 59) The product of three consecutive integers is 9240. Find
days would it take each to do the work alone? the third number.
a.. 40, 50, 60 b. 20, 50, 70 a..20 b. 21 c. 23 d. 22
c. 10, 40, 50 d. 30, 20, 60 60) Three numbers are in the ratio 2:5:8. If their sum is 60,
49) A man can finished a certain job in three-fourths the find the numbers?
time that the boy can; the boy can finish the same job a.. 7, 40, 13 b. 10, 20, 30
in two-thirds the time that a girl can; and the man and c. 12, 24, 26 d. 8, 20, 32
the girl working jointly can finish the job in 4 hours. 61) Two cars A and B start at the same point and at the
How long will it take to finish the job if they all work same time and travel in opposite directions, car B
together? travelling 20km/hr slower than A. If they are 420km
a.. 7/3hr b. 9/5hr apart after 3 hours, find the rate of each.
c. 2/3hr d. 8/3hr a..60, 70m/s b. 70, 80m/s
50) Two pipes running simultaneously can fill a swimming c. 50, 80m/s d. 60, 80m/s
pool in 6 hours. If both pipes run for 3 hours and the 62) Two cyclist are practicing on a circular track of
first pipe is then shut-off, it requires 4 hours more for circumference 276m. Starting at the same instant and
the second to fill the pool. How long does it take each from the same place, when they run in opposite
pipe running separately to fill the pool? directions they pass each other every 6 seconds and
a.. 67 & 22 b. 10 &35 when they run in the same direction the faster passes
c. 12 & 34 d. 8 & 24 the slower at every 23 seconds, determine their rates.
51) A certain amount of 80% sugar solution added to a.. 19, 15m/s b. 25, 16m/s
another amount of 40% sugar solution yields a solution c. 25, 16m/s d. 29, 17m/s
that contains 14kg of sugar. Had the amount been
reversed, the solution would have contained 16 kg
sugar. How much of the 80% solution was there?
a.. 5kg b. 7kg c. 8kg d. 10kg
52) Ten liters of 25% salt solution and 15liters of 35% salt
solution are poured into a drum originally containing
30 liters of 10% salt solution. What is the percent
concentration of salt in the mixture?
a.. 15.75% b. 17.56%
c. 18.58% d. 19.55%
53) How much silver and how much copper must be added
to 20kg of an alloy containing 10% silver and 25%
copper to obtain an alloy containing 36% silver and
38% copper?
a.. 17, 14 b. 12, 10
c. 16, 18 d. 14, 16
54) At what time between 4 and 5 o’clock do the hands of
the clock coincide?
a.. 4:17:34 b. 4:45:12
c. 4:25:31 d. 4:21.82
55) It is now between 9 and 10 o’clock. In 4 minutes, the
hour hand will be exactly opposite the position
ALGEBRA