Lesson 2 –

Introduction Prepared by:

Engr. Calvin Frans Angelo N. Galla, RCE
1.
Overview of the
Subject
Steel vs. Timber
Therefore I tell you, whatever
you ask in prayer, believe that
you have received it, and it will
be yours.
Mark 11:24 ESV
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CE 423 – Steel & Timber Design

Your Subject

Steel Design Timber Design

Design Analysis Design Analysis

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Design vs. Analysis
Design Analysis
 It creates a solution to the  It investigates the solution if it
problem is the answer to the problem

Pros: Pros:
 It gives you the most efficient  More convenient and materials &
materials and dimension to be used dimension is sure to be available

Cons: Cons:
 Not all materials and dimension solved  Efficiency is most of the time
neglected
is widely available
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Types of Design
Steel Design Timber Design

ASD ASD

LRFD LRFD
ASD = Allowable Stress Design
LRFD = Load Resistance Factor Design

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Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
The traditional approach
Also known as Working Stress Design (WSD) or
Elastic Design Approach
The design is carried out so that when the
computed design load, known as the service load, is
applied on a structure, the actual stress created
does not exceed the allowable stress limit. Since the
allowable stress is well within the ultimate strength,
the structure is safe.
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Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

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Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
The comparatively newer approach
Also known as Ultimate Strength Design (USD) or
Limit Design
The design load value is magnified by a certain
factor known as the load factor then the strength of
the material is taken to be the ultimate strength,
and a resistance factor (<1) is applied to the
ultimate strength to account for uncertainties
associated with determining the ultimate strength.
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Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

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Applicable Design Codes
National Structural Codes of the Philippines 2015
& 2001 (NSCP 2001 & 2015)
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC-05)
Uniform Building Code (UBC-1997)
International Building Code (IBC-2009)
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE/SEI 7-
10)

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Applicable Design Codes
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI S100-
2007)
American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM)
Philippine National Standards (PNS)
National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP)
National Design Specification for Wood
Construction
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Combination of Loads
LRFD

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Combination of Loads
ASD

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Sample Problem:
A column (compression member) in the upper storey of a
building was subjected to the following loads:
Dead Load: 485 kN (C)
Live Load: 205 kN (C)
Roof Live Load: 85 kN (C)
Rain Load: 89 kN (C)
a. Determine the controlling load combination for LRFD
and the corresponding factored load.
b. Determine the controlling load combination for ASD and
the corresponding required service load.
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Sample Problem:
Given: Dead Load: 485 kN (C)
Live Load: 205 kN (C)
Roof Live Load: 85 kN (C)
Rain Load: 89 kN (C)

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Sample Problem:
a. Determine the controlling load combination for LRFD and
the corresponding factored load.

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Sample Problem:
b. Determine the controlling load combination for ASD and
the corresponding required service load.

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Minimum Design Loads

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Any questions? O wala na
lang? UwU

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