Polygons

Types of Polygons
Number of Sides Name of Polygon
3-Sides Triangle
4-Sides Quadrilateral
5-Sides Pentagon
6-Sides Hexagon
7-Sides Heptagon
8-Sides Octagon
9-Sides Nonagon
10-Sides Decagon
Infinite Sides Circle
Polygons
Regular Polygons
All sides are equal and all angles are equal.
Polygons
Properties of Polygon
1. Sum of all exterior angles = 3600
2. Sum of an interior angle and an exterior angle = 1800
360°
3. Each exterior angle of a regular polygon =
n
360°
4. Each interior angle of a regular polygon = 180 -
n
5. Sum of all interior angles of a polygon = 180(n-2)
6. Perimeter = Sum of all sides
7. Area of regular polygon = Semi perimeter * perpendicular from centre to any side
3 3
8. Area of a regular hexagon = × S2
2
Quadrilateral
Introduction
A quadrilateral is a four sided closed polygon
Sum of all angles of a quadrilateral is 360º.

A B
OF
θ
E
D
C

1
Area of quadrilateral ABC = × BD × (AE + CF)
2
1
Area of quadrilateral ABCD = × AC × BD × sin θ
2
D

 Quadrilateral
Parallelogram
A B

D C

1 Opposite sides are parallel and equal

2 Opposite angles are equal
3 Adjacent angles are supplementary
4 Diagonals bisect each other
5. ∆AOB ≅ ∆COD an  ∆AOD ≅ ∆COB
6 A(∆AOB) = A(∆BOC) = A(∆COD) = A(∆DOA)
.
.
.
.
.
d

Quadrilateral
Parallelogram
A F B

D C
E

Area of parallelogram ABCD = A(∆ADC) + A(∆BAC)

1 1
= × DC × A + × AB × CF
2 2
= Base × Heigh
Perimeter of parallelogram ABCD = 2 × (AB + BC)

E

Quadrilateral
Rectangle
Every rectangle is a parallelogram, but the vice versa is not true.

A A B

D C C

Additional Properties for Rectangle

1. All angles are 90º
2. Diagonals are equal to each other
∴ AO = BO = CO = DO
.

Quadrilateral
Rectangle
A B

D C

Area of rectangle ABC = Length × Breadth

= AB × B
Perimeter of rectangle ABC = 2 × (Length + Breadth
= 2 × (AB + BC)
D
D
C

 Quadrilateral
Rhombus
Every rhombus is a parallelogram, but the vice versa is not true.

A B
A B

D D C C

Additional Properties for Rhombus

1. All sides are equal
2. Diagonals are perpendicular bisectors of each other
3 ∆AOB ≅ ∆COD ≅ ∆AOD ≅ ∆COB
.


.

Quadrilateral
Rhombus
A B

D C

1
Area of rhombus ABC = × d1 × d2
2
1
= × AC × BD
2
Perimeter of rhombus ABC = 4 × Sid
= 4 × AB
D
D

Quadrilateral
Square
Every square is a parallelogram, rectangle and rhombus but the
vice versa is not true.
A B

D C

Additional Properties for Square

Does not Exist
:

Quadrilateral
Square
Area and Perimeter

A B

D C

Area of rectangle ABC = (side)

Perimeter of rectangle ABC =4*s
2

D
D
 Quadrilateral
Trapezium
A B

Median

D C

1 Only one pair of opposite sides are parallel. (AB || DC

2 ∠B + ∠C = 180º and ∠A + ∠D = 180º
3 Non-parallel sides are also called as oblique sides
4 Segment joining midpoints of oblique sides is called median.
.
.
.
.

 Quadrilateral
Trapezium
A B

Median

D C

1
5. Median = (AB + CD
2
A B
1
6 Are = (AB + CD) × heigh
2 Median
= Median × height
D C
.
a
)

 Quadrilateral
Kite
1 Two pairs of adjacent sides are congruent.
A
2 ∆ADC ≅  ∆ AB
3 One of the diagonals is the perpendicular
D B
bisector of the other O
4 ∆AOB ≅  ∆ AOD and ∆BOC ≅  ∆ DO
1
5 Area = × d1 × d2
2 C
.
.
.
.
.
C

Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9

12
Question 10

9
12 15
Question 11

A regular pentagon ABCDE has sides of length 1 cm. Sides AB

and DC are extended to meet in a point F as shown in the figure.
HG is drawn parallel to BC such that it meets the sides BA and CD
(extended) in G and H respectively.
Question 12

A regular pentagon ABCDE has sides of length 1 cm. Sides AB

and DC are extended to meet in a point F as shown in the figure.
HG is drawn parallel to BC such that it meets the sides BA and CD
(extended) in G and H respectively.