18 May 2004 ACRES U.S.A.

Exploring the CGS Measurements

Any substance. lncludlng so11 or rock, that will move toward a magnet 1s

Parameters of
classified as paramagnetlc The CGS of a substance IS the measure of ~ t at-
s
tractant force to a magnet. CGS stands for "Centimeter, Grams, Seconds" -
and refers to the fractlon of one second it takes one gram of a substance,
placed one centimeter away from a magnet, to move to the magnet -or al-
ternately, to the welght of a paramagnetlc matenal that will move one cen-
tlmeter to a magnet In one second

Paramagnetic over the canisters exhibited preferential

by Melvin D Epp, Ph.D.
& Hugh D. Riordan, M.D
Pnor to importing and applying para-
magnetic rock to the certified organic
vegetable garden I maintain in the Mid-
west, where soil samples range from 31
to 63 x104 CGS paramagnetism per 25
grams, I wanted to define parameters of
expectation using pot studies in the
greenhouse. There are numerous art~clez
tton of fert~l~zerfrom the rocks to the ex-
penmental plants. I followed this proce-
dure in all expriments. During three
winters, I conducted pot studies in the
greenhouse. The'results have been con-
sistent. I will discuss four experiments,
each with different time durations and
each addressing different parameters.
In Experiment 1, the question of
speed of germinati,on and plant growth
growth.
The critical considerations in this ex-
periment were: (1) the seeds used were
fresh and viable; (2) the potting mixture
was uniform in all treatments; and (3)
the growth period was only 10 days.
This is in contrast to other published re-
sults where seeds with low viability
were used and germinated on paramag-
netic rocks or soil (see Gary Wilson,
"Seed Germination with Paramagnetic
Rock," Acres U.S.A., January 2002; and
P.H. Patrick, et al., "Seed Germination
with Paramagnetic Rock," Acres U.S.A.,
March 2003). Viable seeds do not appear
to require additional paramagnetic force
to germinate. Since oxygen has also
x 10.' CGS, i.e., the average value for the
0 x 10.' CGS plants was divided into the
average value for the 1,500 x 10" CGS
plants. The conclusions to be drawn are
that the group with 1,500 x104 CGS at
the bottom of a pot demonstrated in-
creased plant growth in weight and size
by 7 to 36 percent for the measurements
taken. The paramagnetic force was stim-
ulating in garden soil and in Peat-Lite
mix. If the paramagnetic force was in the
middle of the pot, growth promotions
were reflected only in the roots, while '
the aboveground plant parts expressed
inhibition. In discussions at the 2001
Acres U.S.A. Conference in Minneapo- ;
'
lis, this phenomenon was referred to as a
"condenser effect" and is beyond the $

and books extolling the potent~alImpact
of paramagneuc rock, but there is a
dearth of published, replicated experi-
mental results to illustrate the responses
of plants to the paramagnetic forces.
To initiate my studies. I was provided
w ~ t htwo buckets of fine to coarse rocks
sourced from Lake Havasu City. An-
zona. The paramagnetic readings of this
source averaged 1,250 x lo4 CGS param-
agnetism per 25 grams of rocks, using a
Bartington MS2 System. There were
sufticicnt amol~ntsof En+ particles and
rock dust to raise the question of
whether my rock sample might also have
some fertilizer value. I sent a sample to
the Country Extension Service for soil
testing. The resul0 ,are;, tabulated in
Table 1 and compwed~tothe eqsting
garden soil. These &ta in'dicatk that the
rock sample would contribute a major
fertilizer component.
To work exclusively with the force
field, the paramagnetic source matenal
was sequestered In diamagnetic plastic
film canisters to eliminate any contribu-
w~thin10 days was evaluated. Canisters
filled with paramagnetit rock expresstng
0,500, 1,000, and 1,500 x 10" CGS were
buned 1 inch deep in the middle of sep-
arate 20-inch flats filled with Scotts Ter-
ra-Lite Redi-Earth Peat-Lite Mix (a rnix-
ture of horticultural vermiculite and
Canadian sphagnum peat moss with no
amendments). Three rows of radish
seeds (variety, French Breaklast) were
planted from end to end across each flat
and canister. The rov~r;were a half-inch
apart ard 39 swda we-c planted per rov.1.
Within each row, the seeds were also a
half-inch apart. The germination date of
each seedling was recorded.
More than 95 percent of the seeds
geminated within two to four days, and
there was .no pattern of faster gennina-
tion over thec&skrs. .The plants in half
of each flat were d s o scored on Day 10
for whole-plant wet weight, length of
root, hypocotyl length, cotyledon width,
and root wet weight. There was no sta-
tist~calevidence that seedlings near or
been shown to be very paramagnetic, the
friability or available aeration of the
growth medium is very critical, and the
growth medium within experiments
must be kept uniform for comparisons.
In Experiment 2, the growth of radish
and wheat (variety, Onaga) seedlings
was compared in paired-pot plantings.
Both pairs had canisters either at the bot-
tom of 8-inch plastic pots or in the mid-
dlc of the pot. In one pot the canister was
empty, and in the other, the canister had
rocks measuring 1,500 ~ 1 0CGS. . ~ Also
compared were Peat-Lite Mix and gar-
den soil. No fertilizer was applied in this
experiment. Seeds were placed at 14
equidistant points around the edge of the
pot. After germination the seedlings
were thinned to one seedling per pot. At
day 21, the 14 seedlings were scored for
the average weight of the aboveground
plant, the average weight of the roots, as
well as the average length of the longest
leaf and the avqage length of the roots.
The radish results in Table 2 are ex-
pressed as the percent influence of 1,500
1
scope of this discussion except to point
out that the responses were consistent in
both garden soil and the soilless potting
mix.
Table 3 glves the results for wheat
The wheat response was slmilar to that
of radlshes These datz lndlcated that .
both monocotyledonous and dlcotyle-
donous plants respond s~rnllarlyto para-
magnetic forces
In Expenment 3, the growth parame-.'
ters and mlneral uptake of radish
seedlings were measured. Four-inch
plastic pots filled w ~ t hthe sollless pot-
tlng mlx had cantsters Inserted In the
nuddle, w ~ t hthe 11d of the canister level '
with the surface of the nux. The param-
agnetic value in the canisters ranged
from 0 to 10,000 x104 CGS, w ~ t hthe '
gradlent belng 0, 100, 200, 300, 500,
1,000, 2,000. 3,000, 5,000, and 10,000
x1D6 CGS. To create the highest levels,
paramagnetlc rock from Nuthln' but
Rock, Scarborough. Ontano, was used.
Four radlsh plants were grown per pot ;
Each pot was fert~llzedon days 11 and

.
Table 1. Nutritional Content: Table 2. Influence of Paramagnetism on Radish Growth
I
- Garden Soil us. Paramagnetic Rock
Radishes, n=ll-14

Element
Brightspot Garden Soil
Wl2 El2 . ..
Rock from
Havasu City I
1I I Organic matter 5.00% 5.00% 0.50%
I
I I Magnesium (ppm) 543 W.7 91.6 1
P ~ O S P ~ O ~(ppm),
US 91 100 7 -1 Table 3. Influence of Paramagnetism on Wheat ~rowth

I I
Boron (ppm) 2.01 2.35 0.78
Parama~eh Wheat, n=ll-12
1IT CGS Plant Root Longest leaf Root
Copper (ppm) 1.09 0.96 0.2 , -

Parameten 0 I500 (€9 (g) (m) (a)

 ' .

ACRES U.S.A. .- ~2.2004 19

a
18 w ~ l h100 r n ~ l l ~ l ~ol
t e r,I \olutlon of The I ~ \ L\bowed
I I ~ ~[hat the pdldmdg- I
one Lea\poon o f Mlrdcle-Gro pel $'illon netlc torcc d ~ d
nor tnfluence the a\er.lgc
of wdter The plant5 were \acrlficcd on
day 25
length ol the longe\c l e d but rad15h

see next page

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Figure 1. Experiment 3: Growth Measurements The Farmer Wants to Know
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Paramagnetism (log units) Melldng Addma ~hom#

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Figure 2. Experiment 3: Mineral Content

A. Aiumlnum Content 6. Calcium Content C. copper Content

' PanmagZnetlsm ( 1 2units) ' 5 0 1 2 3

Paramagnetism (log units)
4 5 0 1 2 3
Paramagnetism(log unit.)
4
1

,D. ,Iron Content E. Magnesium Content

, S' E 6w
7000
a000
2'- 250 5000
1;
%
f",
$00
% 4 4g
2MW)

9 g loo0
0
0 1 2 3
Paramagnetism (log unlt.)
4 5 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5
..;
ParamagmUsm (log unlts)
=-_I ParamagneHm (lag unb)

.i
.

G. Potassium Content H. Sodium Content I. Zinc Content

Sw 20000
i? ,501 I
1m o
Xj loo00
h moo
1oWo
B 0 0 = 04 I
a 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 S
4 5
Paramgnetlsrn(log unlts) PsramagneUsm (log onlts) Paramagnetism (log units)

,ti:
I
Eqdoring . . , than control in all treatments except at
100 x10-6 CGS (see Figure 2A). The av-
erage calcium content was increased
with paramagnetism (see Figure 2B).
zinc content was equal to control or
higher (see Figure 21).
In general, mineral uptake was en-
hanced in the presence of a paramagnetic
treatments were set up, with half recen- ,
ing fertilizer and the other half receiving:*
only water. The fertilized group was WE-':',
tered wlth 300 mllliltters of a solution of: i
from page 19 For copper, the average response was force field. The two exceptions were alu- one teaspoon of Mlracle-Gro per gallon
higher than control with a spike at 200 minum, with decreased uptake, and Iron of water on days 11. 18, 25, and 32.
leaves form a rosette and so are less like- x 10" CGS (see Figure 2C). The average uptake, which appeared unaffected - al- Etght rad~shplants were gr
ly to show major length d~fferences(see iron content was not increased except at though both of these mineral had distinc- The plants were sacrificed
Flgure IA). However, the average total 100 xl0-6 CGS (see Figure 2D). The av- tive spikes at 100 x10" CGS. The other The fertllizatton with
.weight of the leaves increased (see Fig- erage magnesium content tended to be minerals tended to have positive respons- would not appear to have
ure 1B). The average weight of the higher than control, with a spike at 100 es, but these too had peak responses at impltcations, because 25
radish and root increased (see Figure x104 CGS and then a gradual increase to 100 or 200 x10-6 CGS. Magnesium and the municipal water used
1C). The average dry weight of the total 10,000 x104 CGS (see Figure 2E). The calcium had spikes at 100 x104 CGS, but magnet~creading of -2.
plants increased (see Figure ID), and manganese content average was equal to expressed a gradient effect with increased The solutlon with one tea
conversely, the average water content the control or greater than control, with a levels of paramagnettsm. Manganese had cle-Gro per gallon of wa
was less In the plants grown in the pres- spike at 100 x10-6 CGS (see Figure 2F). ~ t maximum
s response at 100 xlOd CGS. Ing of -2 00 x 10" CGS.
ence of a paramagnet~cforce field (see The average potassium content also in- Copper, potassium and sodium expressed The results shown In F~gure3 tndl-
F~gureIE). creased, but did not exceed the response their highest uptake at 200 x104 CGS. cate that wtthout ferttlization,the param-
The total plant mass of each pot was level of 200 x lod CGS (see Figure 20). Zinc did not show any marked peak. agnetlc force stimulated growth in a gra-
dried, pulverized, and analyzed for min. The sodium content was not markedly These data may indicate maximum dient and exceeded the growth of control '
- era1 content: A1, Ca, Cu, Pee K, Mg, Mn, above control, except for the peak at 200 thresholds of influence within this exper- for leaf weight (see Figure 3A). radish
Na and Zn. The results are mineral-spe- x10-6 CGS (see Figure 2H). The average imental context. (root) we~ght(see Figure 3B), and aver- e
cific rather than a uniform pattern. The In Experiment 4, the influence offer- age dry welght per plant (see Figure 3C) '8
average alummum content was lower til~zeron the plant responses in the pres- W~th the appl~cat~on of fertll~zer. the 7
ence of a pa;amagneiic force field was plants were.iarger. and the control was -
measured. Eight-inch plastic pots were equal to the plants grown with a force 3
Don't take it so hard
SnPhTcc Water Conditioning Systems
filled with the soilless Peat-Lite mix and
canisters with paramagnetic rock were
field. The fertilizer also tended to eiirni- ::$
nate the paramagnetic gradient response. 2
for Homes and Agriculture buried on the bottom. The paramag- The data from these four experiments 'F
netism ranged from 0 to 5,000 x104 emphasize the importance of using vi- :
I R ~phydcs soften your water
like lightning treats the rain- CGS, in increments of 1,250. Paired able seeds, and managing the fertility ,
without electricity, salt or chemicals
Controls hardness, calelum scale and corrosion.
Removes existing scalg.* Helps control sulfur odor.
Saver, energy costs.
.
Malntefunca & service tree.
Use less soaps & detergents. Extends equipment life
I Sow Organic Seed Go. 0q2004 -(
" 8
(such as water heater). Prevent. scale buildup, clogging of
pipes & equipment. Safe for roil, plant life & animals.
The SaPh1Lc water eondltioning system makes hard water
act like son water. Other appllc~ti~ns:
Fmrms, Green- Many Heirlooms.
houses, Dairies & Irrigation Systems. City or well water. Seeds For Food, Health, Beauty & Posterity"
. SoPhTw & IS 0eostedve, envitonmrntpllyMcndly nltenur-
*<to n sall hvsed bottener. TaCsl system wst for the hame &
 Figure 3. Experiment 4: Influence of Fertilizer

zFEzl
A. No Fertilizer-Leaf Weight ' A. Fertilizer-Leaf Weight
20

.B10
I 5 0
0 1 2 3 4
0
0 1 2 3
Paramagnetlsm (log un~ts) Paramagnetism (log units)
--
B. No Fertilizer-Radish Weight 6. Fertilizer-Radish Weight

.P 15

0
0 1 2 -3 4 0 1 2 3 4
was obtained from the force field in so11
or in a soilless mix. The increased 'dry Paramagnstlsm (log unlts) Paramagnetlsm (log units)
weight accumulatioa stimulated by the
paramagnetic force in Experiment 4 was
negated with fertilizer application. - C. No Fertilizer-Average Dry Weightper ' C. Fertilizer- Average Dry Weight per
The use of highly paramagnetic Plant' Plant
growth media will continue to find ap-
plicat~on to break the dormancy of

-
seeds Thlr :would be part~cularly
i
tageous for seed conservation and
advan-
1 : .
.~
'
, , long-term storage of rare and heirloom 3 0.5
0
plant geneoc resources.
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 a;' 4 .>
Melvin D. Epp, Ph.D. and Hugh D. Pammegnetim (log unlta) Paramagnetism (log units)
, Riordan. M.D.,can be contacted at the
Bio-Communications Research Insti-
. : tute, Center for the Improvement of
Human Functioning International, Inc..
. 3100 N. Htllslde Avenue. Wlchira, 8 I'
Kansas 67219 . .
.,
. .... + '.

;.I,; 1.The Third Rule.of Biological ~arming:

.!. ,,
i I i

kt..I
--*. Use pesticides and 'herbicides
Naturesi the be4 fI!fie&
-/c I
..8
.U -

. in minimum amounts and only

/ 1
*!.
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Fewer or no chemicals is a win-win
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