1

Title

Student’s name

Institutional affiliation

Course name and code

Instructor’s name

Due date
 2

Describe your understanding of how the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed into law

After continual pressure from protesters and allies, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed

the civil Rights Act Of 1964 in law. It is without a doubt among the most extensive laws

protecting people's civil rights, putting an end to prejudice based on skin color.  Discrimination

depending on the same variables as color, sex, or race. Slavery was legal in the United States

well before Civil War (Grim, 2021).  The southern had been on the upswing, and it was quickly

spreading to other parts of the country, such as the west. Such as slavery's place in society was

established by judgements like as the Dred Scott decision, which accelerated its rise.

Representatives of the South House attempted to thwart this transformation by instituting barriers

such as reading exams prior to voting and Jim Crow legislation that maintained separation, thus

returning the country to the abolitionist era.

President Johnson as well as the bill's proponents desired it on the House floor as quick

as practicable, so the fact that it didn't have been through the lengthy Senate Committee

procedures was a little victory. There would have been 75-day government shutdowns conducted

by People in the south as well as other Liberals throughout the bill's stay on the Floor of the

senate. Another congressman, Robert Byrd, who was opposed to the bill, delivered a fourteen-

hour obstructionist speech in opposition to it. As a result of a lot of behind-the-scenes backroom

dealing, backers of the bill seem to have been able to secure enough democrats in the House to

end the stalemate with a 73-27 vote (Hersch & Shinall, 2015).

After violent uprisings in the Southern in 1961, President John F. Kennedy pondered

enacting such legislation, and in June 1963, he presented the Civil Rights Legislation in an

address. He claimed that US could not call itself free unless all of its residents became free. In

November of that year, he was murdered, and President Johnson assumed the presidency
 3

instantly. He carried on Kennedy's work and to see the bill in the senate. Southern continued to

retaliate in the Congress, refusing to support one measure that barred workplace discrimination

based on gender.

How has the U.S Supreme Court interpreted this act?

following the decisions that occurred just before judgment upon that act, the Supreme

Court supported the requirements of the 1964 Act during an approach to improve equal rights

guaranteed by the constitution for all citizens. In accordance with both the 1875 Civil Rights Act,

the High Court rejected House the jurisdiction to ban prejudice in the corporate companies. This

same 1964 Act, on the other hand, makes it illegal to discriminate inside the public and private

sectors. The Court Upheld Amendment Act throughout the Pennsylvania Press Selected

organization, saying that publications should not post different task listings for males and

females and also that the act was unconstitutional. A comparable conclusion was made in 1977,

after states imposed a baseline minimum threshold for police officers, a situation that

disadvantaged women because most of them did not reach the threshold. The Supreme Court

reversed this condition, ruling that other characteristics were more important in the police force

and also that stature is not among them.

How has this law eradicated discrimination? Why or why not?

The 1964 Act had a broad scope, as well as the judges upheld anti-discrimination

provisions in numerous cases. The Act, nevertheless, did not eliminate prejudice. But although

discrimination against by the equality of opportunity and access to state amenities has been

abolished, Black People' graduation rates remain low. Although many Black People still live-in

poverty and underprivileged surroundings, many attempts have been made towards assuring a
 4

fairness in the workforce and to enhance the cultural - financial position of African Americans.

Gang activity are common in such settings, and little has been taken to fix this. It is important to

note, nevertheless, that while prejudice has not completely vanished, the Act had made

significant progress. The emancipation of African Americans in nearly every sector of existence,

such as the inauguration of the first black candidate in US heritage, is one of these achievements.

Can discrimination ever be benign or is it always harmful? Explain.

Discrimination is when people are treated unfairly because of their distinctions,

including race, ethnicity, gender, or religious views. Some scholars feel that prejudice is merely

an awareness of differences between people, rather than a harmful thing. While also we treat

other people and react to situations varying depending upon something we are engaging in our

daily lives, the notion discriminatory is always associated with the undesirable. It's nearly hard to

treat everyone the same and ignore their distinctions. When we're with our best friends, we act

quite differently than when we're with our parents. Prejudice only comes to mind whenever the

conduct has a pejorative connotation for the individual who is being discriminated against

(Thomsen, 2015). For illustration, we would consider an action unfair if a competent individual

is denied employment due to their color. However, it would not have been prejudice if an

incompetent person was fired despite the company's bias on the basis of competence.

What is equal opportunity? Can policies aimed at equal opportunity alleviate

claims of discrimination? Why or why not?

Equal opportunity involves giving people the same opportunities and considering them

similarly without discrimination based on unjustified grounds. This word is most commonly used

in situations including the employment, career advancements, or even access to facilities

 5

including education (Saito, 2013). Some policies aiming at guaranteeing fairness and equality for

such people have been implemented to better serve the people. Quasi is among the most

important concepts of equality of opportunity. Absolute quasi, on the other hand, is difficult to

achieve. In the profession, for instance, companies must take into account people's points of view

and provide prospects or advancements to those who are better qualified in an act of disparate

treatment. Furthermore, before making these decisions, authorities should consider providing

everyone an opportunity to apply and allowing individuals to justify themselves prior to making

their decisions. As a nutshell, equality of opportunity simply provides opportunities for all the

voice to be heard, but it does not eliminate discrimination (Green, 2016).

What is an equal outcome? Can those policies aimed at equal outcome alleviate

discrimination? Why or why not?

Equal outcome, as contrasted to equality of opportunity, refers to giving everybody the

same proportion of the world benefit and emphasizes on the notion with everyone having a fair

portion of the overall benefit. Unlike fair treatment, which attempts to provide everyone with the

same opportunities, true equality.  result examines the final scenario, aiming towards equal or

similar outcomes for each individual.  Nevertheless, while there is some sort of quasi, achieving

equal outcomes is difficult, and in certain cases, it is impossible (Saito, 2013).  Discrimination

may occur in some cases. Setting a goal of achieving reading for all adolescents could be an

excellent example of equality; yet, having equal achievement in much the same examinations

may be problematic. In such a circumstance, it may be necessary to provide equal chance to take

the test.  notwithstanding the fact that the final outcomes may not be the same everywhere

individuals. As a consequence, din its distinctiveness cannot be alleviated by similarity of

consequence (Hayashi, 2018).

 6

Work cited

Grim, V. (2021). Civil Wars, Civil Beings, and Civil Rights in Alabama’s Black Belt: A History

of Perry County by Bertis D. English. Journal of Southern History, 87(3), 531–532.

https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2021.0103

Hersch, J., & Shinall, J. B. (2015). FIFTY YEARS LATER: THE LEGACY OF THE CIVIL

RIGHTS ACT OF 1964. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(2), 424–456.

https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.21824

Saito, K. (2013). Social Preferences under Risk: Equality of Opportunity versus Equality of

Outcome. American Economic Review, 103(7), 3084–3101.

https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.7.3084