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18
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20
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22
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23
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58
SRUWDHPSRUWD(QWmRYLQGRRVVROGDGRV1yVVDtPRVSDUDROKDUHKDYLD
QXYHQV GH IXPDoD SDUD R VXOQDGD PDLV TXH IXPDoD H QmR XPD DOPD
TXHYHPDTXHOHPRGR(QWmRQyVRXYLPRVDVDUPDVD&KHUWVH\HSRYRV
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1D RFDVLmR KDYLD XP VHQWLPHQWR IRUWH QDV UXDV TXH DV DXWRULGDGHV HUDP
FXOSDU SDUD D LQFDSDFLGDGH GHOHVGHODV SDUD GLVSRUV GRV LQYDVRUHV VHP
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$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHRLWRKRUDVXPEDUXOKRGHIRJRSHVDGRHVWDYDSRUWRGD
SDUWH GLVWLQWDPHQWH DXGtYHO R VXO GH /RQGUHV 0HX LUPmR QmR S{GH RXYLU
LVWR SDUD R WUiILFR QDV UXDV SULQFLSDLV PDV JROSHDQGR SHOR TXLHWR DWUiV
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59
2VRPGHWRFDUWDPERUHWURPEHWHDUYHLRGRV$OEDQ\5XD4XDUWpLVHWRGD
LJUHMDHUDDRDOFDQFHGDYR]GXUDQRWUDEDOKRVRQRPRUWDOFRPXPWRFVLQ
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DVVLVWLQGRRVSROLFLDOTXHPDUWHODPDSRUWDGHSRLVGHSRUWDHHQWUHJDQGR
DPHQVDJHPLQFRPSUHHQVtYHOGHOHVGHODV(QWmRDSRUWDDWUiVGHOHDEULX
H R KRPHP TXH KRVSHGRX SHOD DWHUULVVDJHP HQWURX Vy YHVWLGR HP
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SkQLFR /RQGUHV TXH WLQKD LGR SDUD FDPD R GRPLQJR SHOD QRLWH

60
LQFRQVFLHQWHHLQHUWHIRLGHVSHUWDGDGHPDGUXJDGDGRVHJXQGDIHLUDSHOD
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,QFDSD]GDMDQHODGHOHSDUDDSUHQGHURTXHHVWDYDDFRQWHFHQGRDEDL[RX
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61
2TXHWLQKD$FRQWHFLGRHP6XUUH\

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62
'HSRLVGLVWRSDUHFHULDTXHRVWUrVOHYDUDPGHOLEHUDomRMXQWRHSDUDUDPH
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63
HVWDYDP HVSHUDQGR 2V IRJXHWHV QRWiYHLV HVWRXUDUDP H DV IDtVFDV
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69
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82
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97


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98
DVSHFWRVHVFXURVHWHUUtYHLVGHYLGDDFKDUmRPLQKDEUXWDOLGDGHPHXIODVK
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99
GH WHUURU (OH YHLR HQTXDQWR GHVOL]DQGR DEDL[R R OL[R H UDVWHMRX DR ODGR
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YLVOXPEUHV YHUGHV H VRPEUDV SUHWDV HQIHUUXMDGDV WURFDQGR HQTXDQWR
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100
IDWRV TXH WHUUtYHO FRPR QRVVD SRVLomR HUD KDYLD FRPR DLQGD QHQKXPD
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GHVHUWRSRUHOHV&RPH[FHomRGREULOKRSiOLGRGDPDQLSXODomRPiTXLQDH
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101
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JHUDO TXH SRU WRGRV R IXQGR GH HVSDoR QHQKXPD YLGD H[LVWLX DOpP GD
VXSHUItFLHLQVLJQLILFDQWHGHQRVVDHVIHUDPLQXFLRVD$JRUDQyVYHPRVPDLV
DGLDQWH 6H RV PDUFLDQRV SXGHUHP FKHJDU D 9rQXV Ki QHQKXPD UD]mR
SDUD VXSRU TXH D FRLVD p LPSRVVtYHO SDUD KRPHQV H TXDQGR R HVIULDQGR
OHQWRGRVROID]HVWDWHUUDLQDELWiYHOFRPRDILQDOLVWRWHPTXHID]HUSRGH
VHU TXH D OLQKD GH YLGD TXH FRPHoRX DTXL WHUi IOXtGR IRUD H WHUi SHJDGR
QRVVRSODQHWDGHLUPmGHQWURGHVXDVODEXWDV

(VFXUHFD H PDUDYLOKRVR p D YLVmR TXH HX VXSOLTXHL SDUD FLPD HP PLQKD
PHQWH GH YLGD TXH HVSDUUDPD OHQWDPHQWH GHVWD SHTXHQD FDPD GH
VHPHQWH GR VLVWHPD VRODU DR ORQJR GD LPHQVLGDGH LQDQLPDGD GH HVSDoR
VLGHUDO 0DV LVVR p XP VRQKR UHPRWR 3RU RXWUR ODGR SRGH VHU TXH D
GHVWUXLomRGRVPDUFLDQRVpVyXPDVXVSHQVmR3DUDHOHVHQmRSDUDQyV
WDOYH]pRIXWXURRUGHQDGR

(X WHQKR TXH FRQIHVVDU D WHQVmR H SHULJR GR WHPSR GHL[DUDP XP VHQVR
SHUPDQHQWH GH G~YLGD H LQVHJXUDQoD HP PLQKD PHQWH (X VHQWR HP
PLQKD HVFULWXUD GH HVWXGR DWUDYpV GH ODPSOLJKW H GH UHSHQWH HX YHMR R
YDOH FXUDWLYR QRYDPHQWH GHEDL[R GH MRJR FRP FKDPDV VH HVWRUFHQGR H
VHQWH D FDVD DWUiV H VREUH PLP YD]LR H GHYDVWD (X VDLR QD (VWUDGD GH
%\IOHHW H YHtFXORV PH XP PHQLQR GH DoRXJXHLUR HP XP FDUUR SDVVDP
XPFDEIXOGHYLVLWDVWUDEDOKDGRUHPXPDELFLFOHWDFULDQoDVTXHYmRSDUD
D HVFROD H GH UHSHQWH HOHV ILFDP YDJRV H LUUHDLV H HX PH DSUHVVR
QRYDPHQWHFRPRDUWLOKHLURSHORTXHQWHSHQVDQGRVLOrQFLR'HXPDQRLWH
HX YHMR R HVFXUHFLPHQWR GH Sy SUHWR DV UXDV VLOHQFLRVDV H RV FRUSRV
FRQWRUFLGRV DPRUWDOKDUDP QDTXHOD FDPDGD HOHV VREHP HP PLP
HVIDUUDSDGR H FDFKRUURPRUGLGR (OHV DOJDUDYLDP H FXOWLYDP GLVWRUo}HV
PDLV IHUR]HV PDLV SiOLGDV PDLV IHLDV IXULRVDV GH KXPDQLGDGH DILQDO H
HXPHGHVSHUWRIULRHPLVHUiYHOQDHVFXULGmRGDQRLWH

(X YRX SDUD /RQGUHV H YHMR DV PXOWLG}HV RFXSDGDV HP 5XD 5iSLGD H D
3UDLDHVHHQFRQWUDFRPPLQKDPHQWHTXHHOHVVmRPDVRVIDQWDVPDVGR
SDVVDGRDVVRPEUDQGRDVUXDVTXHHXYLVLOHQFLRVRHPLVHUiYHOHQTXDQWR
LQGR SDUD Oi H SDUD Fi SKDQWDVPV HP XPD FLGDGH PRUWD R HVFiUQLR GH
YLGD HP XP FRUSR JDOYDQL]DGR 7DPEpP H HVWUDQKR p VH OHYDQWDU HP
&ROLQDGH3UtPXODFRPRIL]HXPDVXPGLDDQWHVGHHVFUHYHUHVWH~OWLPR
FDStWXORYHUDJUDQGHSURYtQFLDGHFDVDVHVFXUHFDHD]XOHSHODQHEOLQDGD
IXPDoDHHQTXDQWRGHVDSDUHFHQGRDILQDOQRPDLVEDL[RFpXYDJRYHUDV
SHVVRDVTXHFDPLQKDPSDUDOiHSDUDFiHQWUHDVFDPDVGHIORUQDFROLQD
FXLGH RV YLVmRYLGHQWHV GD PiTXLQD PDUFLDQD TXH ILFD SDUDGR Oi RXYLU R
WXPXOWR GH MRJDU DV FULDQoDV H UHFRUGDU R WHPSR TXDQGR HX YL WXGR
OXPLQRVR H FODUR GXUR H VLOHQFLRVR GHEDL[R GR DPDQKHFHU GLVVR JUDQGH
GLDSDVVDGR

135
( PDLV HVWUDQKR GH WXGR p LVWR VHJXUDU R PmR GH PLQKD HVSRVD
QRYDPHQWH H SHQVDU TXH HX D FRQWHL H TXH HOD PH HQWUH R PRUWR
FRQWRX

2),0

136

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