Benguet State University

Institute of Human Kinetics

La Trinidad, Benguet

Rhythmic Activities
(Physical Education 23)

Module

Carl Dave C. Aquino

Ryan B. Batinay
Hannah G. Colas
Jenny V. Esiong
Jandy U. Gay-as
Virchel Joy D. Gonzales
Loverette G. Logdo
Sammy N. Sibayan
Mary Ann C. Unos

Course Instructors
Introduction

Physical education is one of the subjects that requires a lot of physical activities to acquire,
enhance and develop the different skills of learners through actual exposure and direct experience
of the different activities under its program such as sports, dance, gymnastics and many more.
But the entire nation is affected with the COVID 19 pandemic which has a big impact on the
educational system that urges the educational sector come up with the new normal set up of
educating students through modules as the means learning.
In order for the Institute of Human Kinetics to cater to the needs of their students, the
faculty members came up with modules to introduce and guide the students on the PE subjects
they need to finish their courses.
This module is for PE 23 (Rhythmic Activities) students, this subject is a 2 unit course
subject. It is designed to guide and introduce skills needed in the different dances like Philippine
Folkdance, Ballroom dance and other dance forms. This module contains a step by step
procedure in learning a dance that will help students to learn, perform, and appreciate dance
individually.
Furthermore this module encourages students to finish the task based on their own phase
of learning. The given return demonstrations are expected to be done independently for students
to discover what they can do and hopefully by doing this process they will build their self-
confidence

This module aims:

- To introduce dance as a part of Rhythmic Activities
- To encourage the student’s creativity and its expression through dance movement
- To familiarize students with different dance terms and dance programs.
- To critically observe and describe their dance experiences as they learn.
- To allow students to learn, develop and explore their skills in dance.
- To build confidence in creating and performing different dances.

Module 1 – Introduction to Dance and Dance Terms

Rhythmic Activities are the physical manifestations of the mental and emotional
response of the individual to rhythm. They are activities which a child responds to
physically, socially and mentally to regular patters of sound. They are also a source of
enjoyment for people of all ages. Through these activities, skills and the sense of rhythm
are acquired and developed, feelings are expressed, basic principles of time, space and
force can be experienced. Examples of rhythmic activities are Line dancing, classic
dances like waltz, and other popular social group dances. This chapter will focus on
Philippine folk dances as part of rhythmic activities.
Learning Objective:
At the end of the lessons students are expected to:
1. Understand what is Dance and the purpose of dance
2. Appreciate the importance of Philippine Folkdance
3. Classify the different types of dance
4. Familiarized themselves in the different dance terms used in Folkdance
5. Analyze and interpret the different dance terms in Philippine Folk Dances
6. Demonstrate the different dance terms and the5 fundamental dance positions with
fluency.

Lesson 1: Definition of Terms and Phases of the Dance Program

Do you know how to dance? What do you think are the different phases of a dance
program? Do you find joy in dancing? Do you know what are the terms used in dancing?
Well these are the common questions that we are going to encounter in this part of our
lesson and we hope we can give you an idea how dancing benefits and individual and
how dancing is a part of human history.

To give light on what this lesson is about, these are the topics that is expected of you to
read and further understand:
Definition of Terms:
1. Rhythm - a measured flow, characterized by basically regular reoccurrence of elements
or features such as beats, sound or accent. Is the way that music is systematically divided
into beats that repeat a specific number of times within a bar at a collectively understood
speed or tempo.

2. Rhythmic Activities - are the physical manifestations of the mental and emotional
response of the individual to rhythm. They are activities which a child responds to
physically, socially and mentally to regular patters of sound.

They are also a source of enjoyment for people of all ages. Through these activities, skills
and the sense of rhythm are acquired and developed, feelings are expressed, basic
principles of time, space and force can be experienced.

3. Dance -refers to movement set to music where there emerges organization, structure and
pattern. It is a composition that implies arrangement of parts into a form. A rhythmic
movement of the human body in space and time as a form of communication or
expression, where there emerge organization structure and pattern.
 4. Dancing - is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined by
rhythm. It is an act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an accompaniment. The
word dancing came from an old German word “Danson” which means to “stretch
“Essentially, all dancing is made up of stretching and relaxing. The movement of the body
in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing
an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself.

Phases of the Dance Program:

1. Creative Rhythms

Are sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural dances. A creative rhythm

is an end product of exploration and improvisation of movements as children learn to
move the parts of their body and to use them as instruments of expression.
Refer to activities expressed by rhythmic creative body movements in music
accompanied, and body movements of children creatively expressing external
morphology and state of motion for specific things on the basis of self-observation,
imitation, understanding and imagination.

2. Folk/ Ethnic dance

It’s a cultural art form handed down from generation to generations. It

communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals, and occupations of the people of a region
or country. Folk dancing belongs to the people. It emanates from them. Ethnic tribes
have their specific tribal art forms originated and danced by the people of the tribe.
"Ethnic dance" is any dance form which can be identified as originating with an
ethnic culture and expressing the movement aesthetics of that culture. It includes all
ethnic cultures, whether European, American, African, Polynesian, Asian, Middle
Eastern — all of them. It includes village folk dance, urban popular dance (swing,
tango), classic dance (Kathak, Bharat Nayam), tribal dance, tap dance, and many
more, it does not include the classic theatrical forms of balley, jazz, and modern dance,
but notice that there are theatrical forms included. The primary criteria is simply
identification with an ethnic culture of origin.
"Folk" dance requires not only an ethnic identification, but a "participatory" and
aesthetic tradition. It is dance that is an integral part of the culture, thus the traditional
village dances of Europe, the Hawaiian hula, the American clog, the Mexican Hat
Dance, and the Argentine tango are "folk" dances.

Examples of ethnic dances are the dances of the mountain peoples of the
Cordilleras, dances of the ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley Region and the ethnic
dances in the Mindanao Regions.
3. Social and Ballroom Dance

Ballroom dance is a social gathering with the more formal atmosphere than the
simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms.
Ballroom dancing are generally held in the evenings. The participants are usually in
formal attire.
Social Dances are dances which is recreational and usually performed with a
partner and in groups or as a community activity for fun and enjoyment. Sometimes it
does not require a partner but simply a number of people in a group.

4. Recreational Dance

Includes dance mixers, square dance round and couple dances. Many of these
dances have simple patterns and combinations of walking steps, polka step and the
waltz step. The setting is usually informal gatherings and parties, reunions etc.
Recreational dance is dancing without any real structure. Recreational dance
classes are meant to be fun and freeing, and the goal is for dancers to focus less on
form and technique and more on the joy they feel from dancing.

Refers to any form of dancing that is done primarily for its social, educational or
health benefits; it includes social dance and amateur dance instruction and
performance.

Recreational dance refers to any form of dancing that is done primarily for its social,
educational or health benefits; it includes social dance and amateur dance instruction
and performance.

5. Creative Dance

Is the highest form of dance. It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation

of movements as the dancer or the choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions,
ideas, and interpretations. This is a dance with a definite form, a beginning and an
ending. The principles of art form are all observed in the composition of the dance.
Creative Dance is a dance form that combines the mastery of movement with the
artistry of expression. This combination of mastery and artistry – not a separation of
the 2- is what makes creative dance so powerful. Often people view creative dance as
an activity in which only children too young to study so-called “real dance” take part.
However, when dance combines skill development and self-expression, anyone of any
age can benefit from it.

Examples of creative dance are ballet, jazz, and modern or contemporary dance
Activity 1.
Basing on the explanation above;
A) How can rhythmic activities help your social skills?

B) Are rhythmic activities limited to dancing only?

C) What are the benefits of engaging in rhythmic

activities?

Lesson 2 – History and Importance of Folk dance.

In your own opinion, why do we need to study the history and the importance of
Folk Dance? Do you know when and where folk dances originated? Let’s discuss further
for you to understand and appreciate our Philippine folk dances.

FOLK DANCE
It is a dance developed by people that of certain country or region. Not all ethnic
dances are folk dances. For example, ritual dances or dances of ritual origin are not
considered to be folk dances. Ritual dances are usually called “Religious dances”
because of their purpose it reflect the life of the people.

Rural Folk Dance

 The best known and closest to the Filipino heart are the dances from the rural
Christian; a country blessed with so much beauty. These dances illustrate fiesta spirit or
a love of a life.
It includes such as high-stepping Tinikling which mimics a bird; and Gaway-Gaway
which features the movements of children pulling the stalks of the gaway roots during a
bountiful harvest.

Urban Folk Dance

Characterized by a seamless blend of expressive theatricality and heart-stopping

athleticism.
It explores the complex, sometimes bitter facets of love and passion. For example;
Carinosa is a courtship dance that

PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE

The history of Philippine folk dancing incorporates influences from immigrants and
conquerors while at the same time maintaining distinctly Filipino roots. Philippine folk dancing is
a true reflection of daily life in past centuries while enchanting modern audiences at the same
time. Folkloric dance is the history of the people in movement. In some cultures, pale fragments
of it survive centuries of invasions and diasporas. In the Philippines, folk dance is a strong and
enduring indigenous expression.
Long before the discovery of the Philippines by Magellan in 1521, the archipelago has been
inhabited by three different groups; the Pygmies, the Indonesians and the Malays. The Negritoes
and the Proto-Malays were the descendants of the Pygmies. As early as those days, dancing
among the Negritoes was mostly pantomimic to depict the events of their daily chores. One dance
called Sinulog was a primitive dance between two men using bolos.
Among the early Filipinos, dancing was considered as a religious belief. It was performed by
“priests” or “priestesses” in thanksgiving for a plentiful harvest, a victorious battle, a prosperous
voyage or recovery from sickness.
During the Spanish time, dancing played an important part in the social activities of the people.
Folk dances of today are adoptions of the old native dances. As a people, Filipinos love singing
and dancing, and also feasting. For every slight occasion, we celebrate them with singing and
dancing. We have dances and songs for all occasions.
The Philippines is composed of different or numerous islands, and because of the scattered
positions of these islands, great variety of dances are found. The different customs and traditions
existing in these regions gave rise to variations in the manner of executing the dances, dance
steps and some arm movements. Our tradition of grace, rhythm and songs started from pre-
Magellan days.
  IMPORTANCE OF DANCING FOLK DANCES

Folk dances are important because they help keep a culture alive. People have been doing
folk dances for hundreds of years, and there is a value keeping that tradition alive.
It is important because they preserve the Philippine culture and pass it on to the next
generation. The following are the specific importance and some benefits of dancing folk dances:

 To foster patriotism and nationalism through study of our dances

 To arouse better appreciation of Philippine music and folk dances
 To provide, through dance, a healthful form of relaxation and recreation
 To develop a graceful and rhythmic coordination of body movements that improves
posture
 To arouse and keep the interest of our children in taking part and enjoying our own dances
 To preserve for posterity the folk dances and music indigenous to the different regions in
the Philippines
 To demonstrate the growth of Filipino culture through the evolution of Philippine dances
 To develop strength, flexibility and balance
 To promote poise, gracefulness and coordination with a feeling of rhythm.

Lesson 3 – Dance Terms in Philippine Folk Dances and Fundamental Dance Positions

Have you tried doing a certain activity or any action based on just verbal instruction? Or
have you tried making something with just instructions? If yes what are the problems that you
encounter? Where you able to do the activity or action correctly? Are the terms used in the
instructions common to you?
There are a lot of dance terms used in Philippine folk dances, some terms are based on
the dialect of the region or province where the dance originated. Some dances evolved from
Spanish Dances so some terms were also based or influenced by Spanish Terms.
Here are some common terms used in Philippine folk dances, these terms are
commonly seen and read in dance literatures. This terms are just some of the dance terms and
these dance terms were selected because these will be used in the dances to be taught in the
next upcoming modules for this course.

A. FORMATION
Term Procedure of the action
1. Saludo partner bow to each other, to the audience, opposite dancers, or to the
neighbor
2. Set A dance formation like a quadrille or a unit composed of two or more pairs
3.Cabeceras When dancers sre in a square formation, the couples occupying the width of
the hall are the leaders or cabeceras.
4.Costados When dancers sre in a square formation, the couples occupying the length
of the hall are the side pairs or costados.
5. Jaleo Partners turn once around clockwise with Right elbows or counter clockwise
with Left elbows almost touching while walking or any dance step.
6.Do –si-Do The vis-à-vis both couples advance forward pass each other’s side step
across the left, move backwards without turning around pass left side to
proper place.

B. FEET MOVEMENTS

Term Procedure of the action

1.Native/Plain Step R, close L, step R with 3/4 time signature with countings 1,2,3,
waltz
2. 3 step turn Step R foot to second position (count1) turn left about and step L (count 2)
then step R foot then to Left doing a complete turn (count 3)
3. Close step Step R, close L, step L, Close R 3/4 or 2/4 time signatures with countings
1, 2, or 1,2
4. Change step StepR, closeL, step R, used the balls of your feet and it is a bit bouncy
3/4 or 2/4 time signatures with countings 1, 2, or 1,2,3
5. Bleking step heel-placeR, closeL 3/4 or 2/4 time signatures with countings 1, 2, or 1,2,3
6. Point step Point R, closeL 3/4 or 2/4 time signatures with countings 1, 2, or 1,2,3

C. ARM MOVEMENTS

Term Procedure of the action

1. Arms in lateral Both arms are at one side, either sideward right or left, This may be done
position at shoulder or chest.
2. Arms in Arms are side horizontal, elbows bent at right angles, forearms parallel to
Reverse “T” head, palms forward or facing inward, fists loosely closed.
position
3. Bilao To turn hands up and sown alternately, hands at waist level in front, elbows
close to waist.
4. Hapay To flourish or offer a handkerchief, hat or glass of wine to somebody as a
sign of invitation
5. Hayon – To place one forearm in front and the other at the back of the waist. This is
Hayon a Visayan term.
6. Kumintang Moving the hand from the wrist either in a clockwise or counterclockwise
direction. This is an Ilocano term.
7. Masiwak To turn the hand from the wrist half-way clockwise then raise and lower
wrist once or twice. This is an Ibanag term.
8. Sarok Cross the Right (or left) foot in front of the Left (or right), bend the body
slightly forward and cross the hands down in front with the Right (Left) hand
over the Left(Right).
 D. FUNDAMENTAL DANCE POSITIONS FOR ARMS AND FEET

Arm Position Description

1st Position Both arms raised in a circle in front of chest with the finger tips.
2nd Position Both raised sideward with a graceful curve at shoulder level.
3rd Position One arm raised in front as in 2nd position; other arm raised.
4th Position One arm raised in front as in 1st position; other arm raised.
5th Position Both arms raised overhead.
Feet Positions Description
1st Position Heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees.
2nd Position Feet apart sideward of about a pace distance.
3rd Position Heel of one foot close to in-step of other foot.
4th Position One foot in front of other foot of a pace distance
5th Position Heel of front foot close to big toe of rear foot.

Activity 3.

Practice Drill
Were you able to master the actions of the given dance terms based on the descriptions?
Try to do this simple dance step combination by just reading the dance terms as your guide.
1. Do 4 plain waltz step alternately with arms in lateral position in place.
2. Do 4 change step alternately moving forward with Kumintang.
3. Do 4 close step alternately moving forward with Hapay arm movements.
4. Do 4 plain waltz with arms in 2nd position in place.
5. Do 4 point step alternately in place with arms in 5th position.

Assessment

A. Essay
Identify one (1) cultural or ethnic dance from your hometown. Discuss what the dance is all
and explain the significance or importance of this dance to you.
B. Draw the 5 Arm and Feet positions based on your understanding based on the
description given.

a. Feet

1. 1st Position 2. 2nd Position 3. 3rd Position

4. 4th Position 5. 5th Position

b. Arms

4. 4th Position 5. 5th Position

1.1st Position 2. 2nd Position 3. 3rd Position

4. 4th Position 5. 5th Position

References:

Aquino,F.R. Fundamental Dance Steps

Aquino,F.R. Philippine Folk Dances Vol 1-6

https://dance.lovetoknow.com/Philippine_Folkdance_history
https://folkdance607.wordpress.com/2017/11/10 folkdance.philippines/
https://www.alvinailey.org/performers/repertory/urban-and-rural-dances/
https://blog.landr.com/what-is-rhythm-time-beat-meter/
http://hnupe.weebly.com/pe-2.html
https://brainly.ph/question/1242513
https://www.britannica.com/art/dance
Xu Zhuoya: Kindergarten Music Education, Beijing, People's Education Press, 2004
http://www.socalfolkdance.com/articles/what_is_folk_ethnic_dance_duree.htm
https://asdnwordpresscom.wordpress.com/what-is-social-dance/
https://performingdancearts.ca/blog/types-of-recreational-dance/
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/recreational-dance

Note:

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Contact Details of your PE 23 Instructors:

Name Contact number Email address

Aquino, Carl Dave C. 09287743368 carldaveaquino@yahoo.com
Batinay, Ryan B. 09198517624 batinayryan@yahoo.com
Colas, Hannah G. 09099811488 hannahlou0820@gmail.com
Esiong, Jenny V. 09152021798 j.esoing@bsu.edu.ph
Gay-as, Jandy U. 09129108453 jandy_hkp@yahoo.com
Gonzales, Virchel Joy D. 09078496672 vircheljoy@yahoo.com
Logdo, Loverette G. 09105670380 logdoloverette@gmail.com
Sibayan, Sammy N. 09494169057 ranielgiannis@gmail.com
Unos, Mary Ann C. 09324037362 unosmaryann05@gmail.com