Lecture - 2-3 Engineering Mechanic I 2021-2022

Engineering Mechanic – Statics – I
Instructor
Assistant Professor Dr. Younis Khoshnaw
Erbil Polytechnic University

Erbil Technical Engineering College
Mechanical & Energy Department - Erbil, Iraq
younis.khdir@epu.edu.iq
Lecture 2
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Assist. Prof. Dr. Younis Khoshnaw – Engineering Mechanic - Statics I -1st Stage – 2021-2022
Force Vectors
OBJECTIVES
• To show how to add forces and resolve them into components
using the Parallelogram Law.
• To express force and position in Cartesian vector form and
explain how to determine the vector’s magnitude and direction.
• To introduce the dot product in order to use it to find the angle
between two vectors or the projection of one vector onto
another.
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Scalars and Vectors
Many physical quantities in engineering mechanics

are measured using either scalars or vectors.
Scalar. A scalar is any positive or negative physical

quantity that can be completely specified by its
magnitude. Examples of scalar quantities include
length, mass, and time.
Vector. A vector is any physical quantity that requires

both a magnitude and a direction for its complete
description. Examples of vectors encountered in
statics are force, position, and moment. A vector is
shown graphically by an arrow. The length of the
arrow represents the magnitude of the vector, and the
angle u between the vector and a fixed axis defines
the direction of its line of action. The head or tip of
the arrow indicates the sense of direction of the
vector, Fig. 2–1. 3/41
Scalars and Vectors
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Scalars and Vectors
Idealization:
Mathematical models or idealizations are used in mechanics to simplify the theory.
Particle:
Has mass, but the size neglected (i.e. the geometry is neglect, often represent by a
point in space).
Rigid body:
Has mass and size . any change in shape is neglected.
Elastic body:
Body has mass, size and deformation (change in shape)
Concentrated force:
A concentrated force represents the effect of loading which is assumed to act at a
point on a body. (contact force between wheel and ground)
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Scalars and Vectors
Multiplication and Division of a

Vector by a Scalar
If a vector is multiplied by a positive scalar, its
magnitude is increased by that amount.
Multiplying by a negative scalar will also
change the directional sense of the vector.
Graphic examples of these operations are shown
in Fig. 2–2.
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Scalars and Vectors
As a special case, if the two vectors A and B are collinear, i.e.,
both have the same line of action, the parallelogram law reduces
to an algebraic or scalar addition R = A + B, as shown in Fig. 2–5.
Force:
Action of one body on another body which change or
tends to change motion of the body act on. Force is a
vector quantity.
Force completely described by :
1) Magnitude.
2) Direction.
3) Sense (slope).
4) Point of application.
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Resolution of Forces
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Force system
Several forces act on a given situation. System of forces can be classified according to the lines
of the forces
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Force system
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Small Angle Approximations
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Finding a Resultant Force.
The two component forces F1 and F2 acting on the pin in Fig. 2–7a
can be added together to form the resultant force FR = F1 + F2, as
shown in Fig. 2–7b. From this construction, or using the triangle
rule, Fig. 2–7c, we can apply the law of cosines or the law of sines
to the triangle in order to obtain the magnitude of the resultant
force and its direction.
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Finding the Components of a Force
Sometimes it is necessary to resolve a force into two

components in order to study its pulling or pushing effect in
two specific directions.
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Force System
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Force System Analysis
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Solution
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Example
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Solution
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Example
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Example
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Solution
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Engineering Mechanic – Statics – I
Instructor
Assistant Professor Dr. Younis Khoshnaw
Erbil Polytechnic University

Erbil Technical Engineering College
Mechanical & Energy Department - Erbil, Iraq
younis.khdir@epu.edu.iq
Lecture 3
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Moment
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Moment
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Moment
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Moment
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Important Points
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Examples
For each case illustrated in Fig, 4.4 determine the moment of the force about point O.
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Lecture - 2-3 Engineering Mechanic I 2021-2022

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Engineering Mechanic – Statics – I

Assistant Professor Dr. Younis Khoshnaw

Erbil Polytechnic University

Many physical quantities in engineering mechanics

Scalar. A scalar is any positive or negative physical

Vector. A vector is any physical quantity that requires

Multiplication and Division of a

Sometimes it is necessary to resolve a force into two

Assistant Professor Dr. Younis Khoshnaw

Erbil Polytechnic University

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