Influence Line for Trusses

H G F

h
E
A
B C D
4@xm

1
(3/4)
RA (2/4)
(1/4)
x

1
(3/4)
(2/4)
RE (1/4)
x

91
 Consider the section to the right
H FGH G F

FGB
h
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
4@xm RE

(3/4)
1 + ΣMG = 0:
(2/4)
RE (1/4) RE (2 x) − FBC (h) = 0
x
2x
FBC = RE
h

(2x/h)(1/4)
FBC x

92
 Consider section to the left
H FHG G F

FBG
h
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 4@xm

1 + ΣMG = 0:
(3/4)
RA (2/4) FBC (h) − RA (2 x) = 0
(1/4)
x 2x
FBC = RA
h
(2x/h)(2/4)
(2x/h)(1/4) (2x/h)(1/4)
FBC x

93
 Example 6-8-1

H G F

4m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN Determine the maximum force developed

in member BC , BG, and CG of the truss
due to the wheel loads of the car. Assume the
loads are applied directly to the truss.

the wheel loads of the car

94
 SOLUTION H G F

4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x

95
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBC H FGH G F

FGB
4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 G
0.5
RE 0.25 FBC = (6/4) RE
x = 1.5 RE

1.5(0.25) = 0.375
FBC x

96
 Consider the section to the left
H FHG G F

FBG
4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RA

1
0.75 + ΣMG = 0:
RA 0.5
0.25
x FBC = 1.5 RA

FBC 1.5(0.5) = 0.75

0.375 0.375

97
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBG H FGH G F

FGB
θ 4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE
1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x
ΣFy = 0 ;
FBG cos θ = RE

1.25(0.25) = 0.3125 FBG (4/5) = RE

FBG = 1.25 RE
FBG x

98
 Consider the left hand
H FHG G F

FBG
θ 4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
ΣFy = 0 ;
1
0.75 FBG cos θ + RA = 0
RA 0.5
0.25
FBG (4/5) = -RA
x
FBG = -1.25 RA

0.3125

FBG x

-0.3125
-1.25(0.5) = -0.625
99
Influence Line for FCG H G F

0 4m
E
A
B 1 kN C D 1 kN
3m 3m 3m 3m

FCG x

100
 H G F

1 4m
E
A
B C 1 kN D
3m 3m 3m 3m

FCG x

101
(FBC)max by Loads

H G F

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN
4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

0.75
FBC
0.5
0.375 0.375

x
(FBC)max = (4)(0.75) + (1.5)(0.5)

= 3.75 kN (T)

102
(FBG)max by Loads

H G F

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN
4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

0.3125

FBG x

-0.3125
-0.417
-0.625

(FBG)max = (4)(-0.625) + (1.5)(-0.417) = -3.126 kN (C)

103
(FCG)max by Loads

H G F

4 kN 2m 1.5 kN
4m
E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.333
FCG x

(FCG)max = (4)(1) + (1.5)(0.333) = 4.50 kN (T)

104
Example 6-8-2

J I H G F

4m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

Draw the influence line for FBC , FBH,and FCH.

105
 SOLUTION
J I H G F

4m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x

106
 Consider the section to the right
J for FBC
Influence Line I FHI H G F

FHB
4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 H
0.5
RE 0.25 FBC = (6/4) RE
x = 1.5 RE

1.5(0.25) = 0.375
FBC x

107
 Consider the section to the left
J I FHI H G F

FBH
4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RA

1
0.75 + ΣMH = 0:
RA 0.5
0.25
x FBC = 1.5 RA

FBC 1.5(0.5) = 0.75

0.375 0.375

108
 Consider the section to the right
J for FBH
Influence Line I FHI H G F

FBH
θ 4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m
RE
1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x
ΣFy = 0 ;
FBH cos θ = RE

1.25(0.25) = 0.3125 FBH (4/5) = RE

FBH = 1.25 RE
FBH x

109
 Consider the section to the left
J I FHI H G F

FBH
θ 4m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
ΣFy = 0 ;
1
0.75 FBH cos θ + RA = 0
RA 0.5
0.25
FBH (4/5) = -RA
x
FBH = -1.25 RA

0.3125

FBH x

-0.3125
-1.25(0.5) = -0.625
110
 J for FCH
Influence Line I H FGH G F

FCH 4m
FCB E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE
ΣFy = 0 ;
1
0.75 FCH = -RE
0.5
RE 0.25
x

FCH x
-0.25

111
 J I H FGH G F
FCH
4m
E
A
B FCB C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
ΣFy = 0 ;
1 FCH = RA
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

0.5
0.25
FCH x
-0.25

112
Example 6-8-3

H F 1.5 m

3m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

Draw the influence line for FBC , FBG,and FHG.

113
 SOLUTION G

H F 1.5 m

3m

E
A
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5
0.25
x

1
0.75
0.5
RE 0.25
x

114
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBC G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG
3m
FBC E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 G
0.5
RE 0.25 FBC = (6/4.5) RE
x = 1.33 RE

1.33(0.25) = 0.333
FBC x

115
 Consider the section to the left
G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG 3m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5 + ΣMG = 0:
0.25
x FBC = (6/4.5) RA
= 1.33 RA

1.33(0.5) = 0.667

1.33(0.25) = 0.333 1.33(0.25) = 0.333

FBC x

116
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FHG G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

26.57o FBG
3m
FBC E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE

1 + ΣM = 0:
0.75 B
0.5
RE 0.25 (FHG cos 26.57)(3) = -9RE
x FHG = -3.35RE

FHG x

-3.35(0.25) = -0.84
117
 Consider the section to the left
G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG 3m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m

1
0.75
RA 0.5 + ΣMB = 0:
0.25
x(FHG cos 26.57)(3) = -3RA
FHG = -1.12RA

FHG x
-1.12(0.25) = -0.28
-1.12(0.5) = -0.56
-0.84
118
 Consider the section to the right
Influence Line for FBG G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

26.57o FBG
33.69o
3m
FBC E
A
B 1 kN C D
3m 3m 3m 3m RE
1
0.75 + ΣFy = 0:
0.5
RE 0.25 -FBG cos 33.69
x - FHGsin26.57 + RE = 0
FHG = +1.2RE - 0.54 FHG
FHG x
-0.28
-0.56
-0.84
1.2(0.25)-0.54(-0.84) = 0.75
FBG x
119
 Consider the section to the left
G
FHG
H F 1.5 m

FBG 3m
FBC E
A
B C 1 kN D
RA 3m 3m 3m 3m
1 + ΣFy = 0:
0.75
RA 0.5 RA + FBG cos33.69
0.25
+ FHG sin 26.57 = 0
x
FBG = -1.2RA - 0.54FHG
FHG x
-0.28
-0.56
-0.84
0.75
FBG x
-1.2(0. 25)-0.54(-0.28) = -0.15
-1.2(0. 5)-0.54(-0.56) = -0.30 120