Introduction to Trigonometry

Answer and Explanations 8

TEST YOUR SKILL—8.1 5cos θ
⇒ = 1.
4
Objective Type Questions a Perpendicular ax
5. (c) Given: sin θ = θ = = =
4 Base 4x b Hypotenous bx
1. (b) cos A = = =
5 Hypotenuse 5 x
B
xb
5x xa
P
θ
C A B
4x
By Pythagoras theorem,
Perpendicular2 + Base2 = Hypotenous2 [By using Pythagoras Base2 + Perpendicular2 = Hypotenous2
theorem] ⇒ B2 + (ax)2 = (bx)2
⇒ P2 + (4x)2 = (5x)2 ⇒ B2 = b2x2 – a2x2
⇒ P2 = 25x2 – 16x2 ⇒ B2 = x2(b2 – a2)
⇒ P2 = 9x2
⇒ B = x b2 − a 2
⇒ P = 3x
∴ tan A =
Perpendicular 3 x 3
= = Base x (b 2
− a2 ) b2 − a 2
Base 4x 4 ∴ cos θ = = =
Hypotenous bx b
1 Perpendicular 1x
2. (a) sin A = = = 5. True
2 Hypotenuse 2x
1 8
B 6.
cosec θ
7. abbreviation
2x
1x 8. acute

9. Right angled
C A
B
10. cos A
By using Pythagoras theorem
1
B2 + P2 = H2 11. (a) Since tan° cot 30° = tan 30° × =1
⇒ B2 + (x)2 = (2x)2 tan 30°
⇒ B2 = 4x2 – x2 Hence, both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
⇒ B2 = 3x2
⇒ B = 3x Subjective Type Questions
Base 3x 1. A
∴ cot A = = = 3
Perpendicular 1x
3. (a) Given 4 tan θ = 3
25cm
24cm

5 C B
3 7cm
sin A , cos A
4 In right angle ΔABC, [By using Pythagoras theorem]
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
3 oppositeside (AC)2 = (24)2 + (7)2
tan θ = =
4 adjacent side (AC)2 = 576 + 49
adjacent side (AC) = 625
cos θ =
hypotenuse AC = 25 cm
4 Perpendicular BC 7
cos θ = sin A = = = = sin A
5 Hypotenuse AC 25
2 Mathematics

Base AB 3k 3
cos A = = = =
Hypotenuse AC 7k 7
24 4. 15 cot A = 8
cos A =
25 8 Base
cot A = =
(ii) sin C, cos C 15 perpendicular
AB 24 Let AB = 8x
sin C = =
AC 25 And BC = 15x
Base BC By Pythagoras theorem
cos C = =
hypotenuse AC (AC)2 = (8x)2 + (15x)2
(AC)2 = 64x2 + 225x2
7
⇒ cos C = (AC)2 = 289x2
25
AC = 289 x 2
2.
P AC = 17x
BC 15 x 15
sin A = = =
AC 17 x 17
AC 17 x 17
sec A = = =
AB 8 x 8
12cm 13cm
5.
A

Q R

RQ QR
tan P – cot R = −
QP PQ
C θ B
In ΔPQR, [By using Pythagoras Theorem]
(PQ)2 + (QR)2 = (PR)2 let θ = ∠C
(12)2 + (QR)2 = (13)2 13 AC
(QR)2 = 169 – 144 sec C = =
12 BC
QR = 25
∴ AC = 13x
QR = 5 cm BC = 12x
5 5 By using Pythagoras theorem
∴ tan P – cot R= −
12 12 (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
5−5 0 (13x)2 = (AB)2 + (12x)2
= =0 ⇒ 169x2 – 144x2 = (AB)2
12 12
⇒ 25 x 2 = AB
3 BC
3. sin A = = ⇒ AB = 5x
4 AC AB 5 x 5
sin C = = =
Let BC = 3k and AC = 4k AC 13 x 13
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 BC 12 x 12
(4k)2 = (AB)2 + (3k)2 cos C = = =
AC 13 x 13
16k2 – 9k2 = (AB)2
AB 5 x 5
(7k2) = (AB)2 tan C = = =
BC 12 x 12
A AC 13 x 13
cosec C = = =
AB 5 x 5
13
sec C =
12
BC 12 x 12
cot C = = =
AB 5 x 5
C B
6.
B
AB = 7 k
AB 7k 7
cos A = = =
AC 4 K 4
BC
tan A =
AB A C
 Introduction to Trigonometry Answer and Explanations 3

Cos A = Cos B (Given) BC 3

AC BC cos A = =
= AC 5
AB AB
AB 4
AC = BC sin A = =
∴ ∠A = ∠B (angles opposite to equal sides are equal) AC 5
AB 4
7. (i) A tan A = =
BC 3
2
4 16
1−   1−
1 − tan 2 A  3 9 = −7
= = =
1 + tan 2 A 4
2
16 25
1+   1+
3
  9
C B
2 2
(1 + sin θ )(1 − sin θ ) 3  4
Cos2 A – Sin2 A =   −   =
9 16 −7
− =
(1 + cos θ )(1 − cos θ ) 5  5 25 25 25
12 − (sin θ) 2 L.H.S = R.H.S
= = ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 
12 − ( cos θ ) A
2
9.

1 − sin 2 θ
= [Using identity: sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1]
1 − cos 2 θ 3x
cos 2 θ
=
sin 2 θ
C B
cos θ 7 x
Since, cot θ = =
sin θ 8 1 BC
2 tan A = =
cos 2 θ  7  49 3 AB
∴ 2
=  =
sin θ  8  64 ∴ BC = x
(1 + Sin θ)(1 − Sin θ) 49 AB = 3 x
8
∴ =
(1 + Cos θ)(1 − Cos θ) 64 In right ∠d ΔABC,
49 (AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2 (By Pythagoras theorem)
(ii) cot2 θ =
( 3x )
2
64 ( AC ) 2 = + x2
8.
(AC)2 = 3x2 + x2
A
AC = 4 x 2
AC = 2x
BC x 1
sin A = = =
AC 2 x 2
C B AB 3x 3
3 cot A = 4 cos A = = =
AC 2x 2
4 AB
cot A = = AB 3x 3
3 BC sin C = = =
1 − tan 2 A AC 2x 2
= cos 2 A − sin 2 A
1 + tan 2 A BC x 1
cos C = = =
∴ AB = 4x AC 2 x 2
BC = 3x (i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C
By Pythagoras theorem 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 +1 4
In ΔABC × + × = + = = =1
2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
(AC)2 = (4x)2 + (3x)2 (ii) cos A cos C – sin A sinC
(AC)2 = 16 x 2 + 9 x 2 3 1 1 3
⇒ × − ×
2 2 2 2
AC = 25 x 2
3 3
AC = 5x. By substituting values of, cosA, sinA and TanA, ⇒ − =0
From Traingle. we can show L.H.S = R.H.S 4 4
10. PR + QR = 25 cm
PQ = 5cm
4 Mathematics

PR + QR = 25
= 25 = 5
PR = 25 – QR
By Pythagoras theorem ⇒ h=5 [By using Pythagoras theorem]
(PR)2 = (QR)2 + (PQ)2 3 4
4× − +1
⇒ (25 – QR)2 = (QR)2 + (5)2  4sin θ − cos θ + 1  5 5
Now  =
⇒ 625 + QR2 – 50 QR = QR2 + 25  4sin θ + cos θ − 1  3 4
4 × + −1
⇒ 625 – 25 = 50QR 5 5
600 12 4
⇒ = QR − +1
50 = 5 5
⇒ QR = 12 cm 12 4
+ −1
⇒ PR = 25 – 12 5 5
= 13cm 12 − 4 + 5 13
QR 12 5 13 5 13
sin P = = = = 5 = × =
PR 13 12 + 4 − 5 11 5 11 11
PQ 5 5 5
cos P = = tan θ cot θ cos θ + sin θ
PR 13 14. − =
RQ 12 1− tan θ 1− cot θ cos θ − sin θ
tan P = =
QP 5 tan θ cot θ
L.H.S −
1− tan θ 1− cot θ
11.  alse. Value of tan begins from zero and goes to become
(i) F
more than 1. sin θ cos θ
(ii) True ⇒ cos θ − sin θ
(iii) False. Cos is the abbreviation of cosine sin θ cos θ
1− 1−
(iv) False. Cot means cotangent of angle A. cos θ sin θ
(v) False. As, value of sin cannot be more them 1. sin θ cos θ
12. Given: ⇒ cos θ − sin θ
cos θ − sin θ sin θ − cos θ
3
tan A = cos θ sin θ
4
sin θ cos θ
Perpendicular 3 x ⇒ −
⇒ tan A = = cos θ − sin θ sin θ − cos θ
Base 4x
C sin θ cos θ
⇒ +
cos θ − sin θ sin θ − cos θ
sin θ + cos θ
⇒
H cos θ − sin θ
3x
(1+ sin θ ) + (1− sin θ )
2 2

15. L.H.S
cos 2 θ
T B
A
4x
=
(1
2
+ sin 2 θ + 2sin θ ) + (12 + sin 2 θ − 2sin θ )
cos 2 θ
Hypotenous2 = Perpendicular2 + Base2 [By Pythagoras
theorem] 2 + 2sin 2 θ 2 (1 + sin 2 θ )
= (3x)2 + (4x)2 = 9x2 + 16x2 = =
⇒ H2 = 25x2
2
cos θ (1 − sin 2 θ)
⇒ H = 5x  sec 2 θ + tan 2 θ 
Perpendicular 3 x 3 R.H.S 2  2 2 
∴ sin A = = =  sec θ − tan θ 
Hypotenuse 5x 5
 1 sin 2 θ 
Base 4x 4  2
+ 2 
and cos A = = = = 2  cos θ cos2 θ 
Hypotenuse 5 x 5  1 sin θ 
 − 
∴ Put values of SinA and CosA in L.H.S = sin A cos A  cos 2 θ cos 2 θ 
3 4 12  1+ sin 2 θ cos 2 θ 
= × = = 2 ×
5 5 25 2 
 cos θ 1 − sin 2 θ 
= R.H.S
 1+ sin 2 θ 
13. Given 4 tan θ = 3 = 2 2 
 1 − sin θ 
3
⇒ tan θ = ∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
4
h = b 2 + p 2 = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16