8

Science
Quarter 3– Module 4

The Periodic Table of Elements: A Tool

to Determine the Chemical Properties
of Elements

SLM
SELF -LEARNING MODULE
PROPERTY OF SURIGAO DEL NORTE DIVISION
 COPYRIGHT 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Floramyr P. Sarvida

Editors: Jose Gil L. Escabal, Queen Ann M. Navallo, Marygrace E. Nanol
Reviewers: Gersim S. Lumintac, Ma. Edylyn L. Noguerra
Illustrators: Stephen B. Gorgonio
Layout Artist: Ivan Paul V. Damalerio, Alberto S. Elcullada, Jr.
Management Team: Ma. Teresa M. Real
Laila F. Danaque
Dominico P. Larong, Jr.
Gemma C. Pullos
Manuel L. Limjoco, Jr.

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Office Address: Peñaranda St., Surigao City

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 8

Science
Quarter 3– Module 4

The Periodic Table of Elements: A

Tool to Determine the Chemical
Properties of Elements

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module on The Periodic Table of
Elements: A Tool to Determine the Chemical Properties of Elements
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help

you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module on The Periodic Table of
Elements: A Tool to Determine the Chemical Properties of Elements . This module
was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

iii
This module has the following parts:

Activity : This will bring understanding to what you already know

and experience to what you should learn further.

Analysis : In this phase, you will process and classify what is valid
and not for a more in-depth understanding.

Abstraction : This part leads you in reinforcing what you know and
should know more. Exercises are presented for
independent practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

Application : This stage brings you to a more practical way that you
are going to use what you have learned and think new
ways on how it can be improved further.

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 CONTENTS OF THE MODULE

Page
Content Standards 3
Performance Standards 3
Learning Competency 3
Learning Objectives 3

DAILY LEARNING TASKS:

Day Learning Task
Introduction 2
Pre-Test 2-4
1 Review of the Previous Lesson 5
Presentation of the new Module 5
Activity 6
2 Analysis 7-8
3 Abstraction 8-10
Application 10-11
4
Reflection 11
5 Answer Key
12

References 16

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CONTENT STANDARDS:
The periodic table of elements as an organizing tool to determine the
chemical properties of elements

PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
The learners should be able to present the properties of metals, non-metals,
and metalloids through classifying elements.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
 Use the periodic table to predict the chemical behavior of an element.
(MELC S8MT-III-j-12 )

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. To identify the major parts of the periodic table;
2. Explain the properties of metals, non-metals, and metalloids through taking
notes, coloring periodic tables, and classifying elements.

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INTRODUCTION
Scientists have always searched for patterns, regularities and symmetries in
nature. If a pattern can be discovered, information and data can be arranged and
organized in ways that will make it more understandable, meaningful and useful. An
excellent example of this is periodic table. In grade 7, you learned about the periodic
table. The elements, the building blocks of matter, are listed in that table.
In this module, you will learn that elements were arranged in the periodic
table in rows and columns according to increasing atomic numbers. These
arrangements were based on properties of elements which were found to be
repeated regularly through the elements arranged according to increasing atomic
number. The properties were recurring periodically, hence, patterns in the properties
are observed. You will recognize this incredible feature of the periodic tables in this
module, as you explore its potential as a source of information about the elements.
You might even find it like a road map as you journey in your chemistry class. It
would be helpful to keep it handy all the time.

PRE-TEST
Instructions: Read each item carefully and identify what is asked or
described. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
“This is your first task, I wish you Good Luck!”
1 The chemical properties of an element are mainly influenced by
. A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
B. the number of protons in its nucleus.
C. the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus.
D. the size of the nucleus.
2. Which one of the following metals floats on water?
A. Copper
B. Mercury
C. Magnesium
D. Sodium
3. Which one of the following groups of elements generally do not react?
A. The halogens
B. The noble gases
C. The transition metals
D. The alkali metals
4. The elements in group I have similar chemical properties because

A. they all have a single electron in their outer shell.

B. they all react with water.
C. they are all metals.
D. they all look similar.

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5. Of the elements shown in the Periodic Table, which is the most reactive?

A. P
B. K
C. Li
D. Na
E.
6. Our teacher may have demonstrated the reactions that occur between Alkali
elements and water. Which one of these elements is the most reactive?

A. Potassium
B. Lithium
C. Helium
D. Sodium

7. Which one of the following elements is used in computer chips?

A. chlorine
B. silver
C. silicon
D. neon

8. Place in the correct order:

The chemical symbols for sodium, nitrogen and nickel are

A. Na, N and Ni
B. S, N and Ni
C. Na, N and Nk
D. S, Ni and N
9. What is the trend for group VII (7) elements as they go down the group?

A. They become more soluble in water as they go down the

group.
B. They decrease in order of reactivity.
C. There is no change in their reactivity going down the group.
D. They increase in order of reactivity.

10. Which one of the following is typically a property of non-metals?

A. They are less dense than water.

B. They are good conductors of heat.
C. They have a shiny lustre.
D. They are poor conductors of electricity.

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 11. Potassium is a metal which floats on water. What is the principal reason for
not using it in the manufacture of ships?

A. It is highly reactive with water.

B. It is very expensive.
C. It is a very rare metal.
D. It is a soft metal.

12. In the Periodic Table of the elements, what information is given by the
number above each chemical symbol?symbol2.gif

A. The mass number of the element

B. Its period
C. Its group number
D. The atomic number of the element

13. Name the group of elements which have the following properties:
(i) They float on water.
(ii) They readily react with oxygen.
(iii) They burn in a bunsen flame with a characteristic colour.flametest
A. The halogens
B. The alkali metals
C. The alkaline earth metals
D. The noble gases

14. What is meant by a group in the Periodic Table?

A. A vertical row of elements
B. The family of metals in the Periodic Table
C. A horizontal row of elements
D. The family of non-metals in the Periodic Table

15. From the list below, can you select the non-metal that exists as a
liquid at room temperature?
A. Bromine
B. Mercury
C. Argon
D. Nitrogen
E.

“Congratulations you made it!

If you think all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you
already know much about the topics in this module. You may still study the module
to review what you already know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new
things as well.

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 If you think you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module
is for you. It will help you to understand some important concepts that you can apply
in your daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers to all
the items in the test and a lot more!

REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS MODULE

The previous module was all about determining the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons in a particular atom. Read the following questions and select
the letter that best suit the answer. “You can do it!”
1. The nucleus of an atom contains which subatomic particles
A. protons and electrons
B. protons and neutrons
C. electrons and neutrons
D. protons, electrons, and neutrons
2. Typically in an atom, which two subatomic particles are equal in number?
A. protons and neutrons
B. all subatomic particles are equal in number
C. neutrons and electrons
D. protons and electrons
3. The atomic number is equal to _.
A. the number of protons and electrons
B. the number of neutrons only
C. the total number of protons and neutrons
D. the number of protons neutrons and electrons
4. Adding or subtracting neutrons (charge = 0, mass = 1) makes the element
change into an...
A. ion
B. mixture
C. isotope
D. neutral atom
5. How many neutron are in the atom "K"?
A. 29
B. 19
C. 58
D. 20

PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE

The periodic table is a systematic and organized way of presenting elements.

It arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number and recurring
chemical properties.
It is an important tool for understanding the chemical and physical properties
of elements.

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ACTIVITY

Activity 1. Periodic Table Scavenger Hunt

Objective: Identify the major parts of the periodic table and describe how the
elements are arranged;
What you need: Periodic Table of elements, Paper and ballpen
What to do:
Look at your periodic table and observe how the elements are arranged with
respect to atomic number. Write your answer on the space provided.

https://sciencenotes.org/periodic-table-2017-edition-black-white/
Figure 2. Periodic Table of Elements

1. ____________Which element is found in group 1, period number 1?

2. ____________What is the general trend in metallic vs. nonmetallic

character across a period? Across a row, elements change
from more metallic to more nonmetallic.
3. ____________What do the stairs indicate? The stairs indicate a general
boundary between metals and nonmetals.
4. ____________To which element group does Argon belong? Noble gas
5. ____________Arranged the elements according to increasing activity
series, Na, K, Li?

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ANALYSIS

Activity 2. Identifying Elements

Objective: Identify element as metals, non-metals, and metalloids
What you need: paper and ballpen

What to do:
1. Using the elements in table A, identify metals, nonmetals or metalloids
by checking the space provided.
ELEMENTS METAL NONMETAL METALLOIDS
Copper
Oxygen
Boron
Potassium
Helium

2. Write in Figure 2 the following elements, Hydrogen, Xenon, Gold, Silver,

Silicon, Iodine, Sodium, Argon, Cobalt, Xenon, Gold, Platinum, Zinc, and
Antimony.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/359091770262478937/

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 Figure 3. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids in the Periodic Table of
Elements

Guide Questions:
1. Enumerate at least 5 elements that are considered metals,
nonmetals, and metalloids?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. Differentiate what are metals, nonmetals and metalloids.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

ABSTRACTION

 The development of the Periodic Table could be traced back in 1817 to

the work of Johann Dobereiner, a German Chemist, who formed the
triads of elements with similar properties like the triad calcium, barium
and strontium. In 1863, John Newlands, an English Chemist
proposed the Law of Octaves. He based his classification of elements
on the fact that similar properties could be noted for every eight
elements when they are arranged in order of increasing atomic
masses. Around 1869, two scientists determined a way to put the
elements in order. Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev both came
up with periodic tables that showed how elements should be grouped.
Both arranged the elements in increasing order of increasing atomic
mass while putting in groups those with similar properties. Later in
1914, Henry Moseley, an English Physicist observed that the order of
the x-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the ordering of the
elements by atomic number. This observation led to the development
of the Modern Periodic Law which states that the properties of
elements vary periodically with atomic number.
 The periodic table is an important tool for understanding the chemical
and physical properties of elements. Moreover, it is organized to
provide a great deal of information about elements and how they relate
to one another in one easy-to-use reference.
 The periodic table is a tabular array of the chemical elements
organized by atomic number, from the element with the lowest atomic
number, hydrogen, to the element with the highest atomic number,
Uuo. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the

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 nucleus of an atom of that element. Hydrogen has 1 proton, and
Meitnerium has 109.
 The groups of the periodic table are displayed as vertical columns
numbered from 1 to 18. The elements in a group have very similar
chemical properties, which arise from the number of valence electrons
present—that is, the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an
atom.
 The horizontal rows or periods are numbered from the top to bottom.
For example, the elements lithium (Li) across neon (Ne) from Period 2.
There are 7 horizontal rows or periods in the periodic table.

INCREASING NONMETALLIC PROPERTY/MOST REACTIVE

Arrow right

P 1 G R O U P (arrow down)

E 2
R 3

I 4

O 5

D 6
7

Figure 1:
Arrangement of The
Periodic Table of
Elements

INCREASING METALLIC PROPERTY/LEAST REACTIVE

 The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility

and conductivity. Metals vary in reactivity. The most reactive metals will
react even with cold water while the least will not react even with acid.
The ease and speed with which a metal reacts with another substance
is called reactivity.
 In general, the periodic table is arranged in rows and columns in which
the elements have similar properties. When Mendeleev created the
table in the late 1800s, he did so because he had noticed patterns in
the elements that were known at the time; there were repeating
characteristics, as elements increased in atomic weight. When he
arranged the elements then known, he was able to leave gaps in
appropriate places. Even though those elements had not yet been
discovered, he knew that there had to be one that fit into that slot--and
he was right. Some were discovered soon after.

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  As far as predictive powers, elements in the same row (period)
decrease in atomic radius as you move from left to right. Elements to
the right of the diagonal line dividing the table separate elements
generally tending to be metals (on the left) from non-metals (to the
right). You can also predict which elements will combine with others,
and in what ratios, because the number of electrons in the shells can
be deduced.

APPLICATION

Activity 3: Properties of Elements

Objective: Predict the metallic and Nonmetallic property of given elements

What you need: paper and ballpen
What to do:
1. Describe the physical properties of metals, nonmetals and metalloids
2. Use the chart below as your guide and record your answers in your notebook.
PHYSICAL
METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS
PROPERTIES
Luster shiny Dull non-lustrous lustrous
Malleability malleable brittle Neither malleable
Ductility ductile Non-ductile Neither ductile
Conductivity Good conductor Poor conductor Semi-conductor

Guide Questions:
1. What are the characteristics of elements Carbon, Silicon, Tin and Lead?

________________________________________________________________
________________

2. How are they alike/different?

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 ________________________________________________________________
______________

Scoring Rubric for #3

2 points Discussions are complete with no misconception.

1 point Discussions are incomplete with minor misconception.

0 point There is no discussion shown.

REFLECTION
Why is periodic table useful in life?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Scoring Rubric
3 points Explanation is scientifically consistent with the concepts and has no
misconception.

2 points Explanation is scientifically consistent with the concepts but with

minimal misconception.

1 point Explanation is scientifically consistent with the concepts but with

misconception.

0 point There is no discussion shown.

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ANSWER KEY
Pre-Test
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. D
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. A
15. A

Review of the Previous Lesson

1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. D

Activity

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Activity 1 Possible answers

Periodic table Scavenger Hunt

1. ____________Which element is found in group 1, period number 1?
Hydrogen
2. ____________What is the general trend in metallic vs. nonmetallic
character across a period? Across a row, elements change from more
metallic to more nonmetallic.
3. ____________What do the stairs indicate? The stairs indicate a
general boundary between metals and nonmetals.
4. ____________To which element group does Argon belong? Noble gas
5. ____________Arranged the elements according to increasing activity
series, Na, K, Li? K. Na , Li

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Activity 2 Possible answers

Identifying Elements

Table A

1.

ELEMENTS METAL NONMETAL METALLOIDS

Copper /
Oxygen /
Boron /
Potassium /
Helium /

2.

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Activity 3: Properties of elements

PHYSICAL METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS

PROPERTIES
Luster shiny Dull non-lustrous lustrous
Malleability malleable brittle Neither malleable
Ductility ductile Non ductile Neither ductile
Conductivity Good conductor Poor conductor Semi-conductor

Guide Questions:
1. What are the characteristics of elements Carbon, Silicon, Tin and Lead?
Metallic properties increase down the group. Carbon is a non-metal,
silicon is a metalloid, and tin and lead are poor metals (they conduct heat and
electricity less effectively than other metals such as copper).
Despite their adherence to periodic trends, the properties of the carbon
family vary greatly. For example, carbon is a non-metal and behaves as such,
whereas tin and lead behave entirely as metals. In their elemental solid states,
the Group 14 metalloids silicon and germanium act as electrical
semiconductors, although silicon is largely non-metallic; their electrical
conductivity can be affected in various degrees by doping, or adding of Group
13 or Group 15 elements in varying concentrations to the Group 14 solid
matrix.
2. How are they alike/different?
Similarities
These elements have semiconductor properties and have a wide
application for circuitry components in the electronics industry, such as
diodes, transistors, and integrated circuit (IC) chips.
They are all found in Group 4
Differences
Carbon is a non metal element, silicon and Germanium are metalloids
and Tin and lead are metals.

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REFERENCES

https://www.britannica.com/science/periodic-table

https://betterlesson.com/lesson/619485/periodic-table-basics

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Modules_and_Website

s_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Blo

ck/2_pBlock_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/1Group_14%3A_

General_Properties_and_Reactions

https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-can-periodic-table-used-predict-

chemical-135369

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Surigao del Norte

Peñaranda St., Surigao City
Surigao del Norte, Philippines 8400
Tel. No: (086) 826-8216
Email Address: surigao.delnorte@deped.gov.ph

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