Buoyancy and Floatation HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND = ʃ⸹hdA x h

MANOMETRY = ⸹ʃh2 dA
Axhx⸹x hcp=⸹ʃh2 dA

Where : ʃh2 dA is the moment of inertia

about a certain axis or
surface or (Is)

For Is, using Transfer formula:

Is = I + Ah2
hcg = I + h2 cgA/hcgA or hcg = I/hcgA +
hcg
FR = Pave x A Where:
I = centroidal moment of inertia
1. If the plane surface area is considered hcg = distance from LS to the centroid of
is horizontal, then, the surface
FR =⸹ h x A A = surface area projected vertically

2. For vertical and inclined surface Derivation of the Center of Pressure

(submerged) one possible approach to
solve FR
is consider its average.
FR = Pave x A
P = ⸹havexA
= ⸹xhcg x A

Where;
h = average height, more
often is hcg
hcg = depth from the
centrroid of the
submerged substance to
the water surfaces

Taking the moment

about the liquid surface
FRx hcp = ʃpdA x h