ADSORPTION OF TURMERIC ON NATURAL ZEOLITE AND ITS ADSORPTION

ISOTHERMS

Dewinta Padma Sahda1, Izzah Sabillah2, Shima Maharani3

Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia
Email: dewintapadmasahda@upi.edu, izzahsabillah02@upi.edu, shimamaharani@upi.edu

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study shows the absorption of color on turmeric solution by
zeolite and its adsorption isotherms. Turmeric and natural zeolite were used as
models of dye adsorbate and adsorbent, respectively, because they are harmless
and largely available. Different from other methods, adsorption phenomena were
observed using simple apparatus equipped with a luxmeter in the smartphone. The
method that used in this study is experimentation. The experiment by making 100
ppm of turmeric solution, thenthe turmeric solution is diluted to become 33 ppm, 25
ppm, 12,5 ppm and 6,25 ppm. Then, the solution treated by variety of zeolite mass
1g, 2g, 3g, and 4g. The results from the smartphone based lux meter were analyzed
and converted into concentration. The results showed that the adsorption process
can be adsorp the color from the turmeric solution. The calculation results were
then compared to several isotherm models to find the phenomena that happened in
the adsorption process. The more zeolite is added, the higher the intensity of the
light. In the long run, it is hoped that the study will serve the reader as a guide to
handling colored liquidwaste.
Keywords: Adsorption, Variety consentration of Turmeric solution, Variety of
zeolite mass

INTRODUCTION
Adsorption is the process of forming a layer of gas on a solid or liquid surface
(Paryanto ct al. 2018). Two terms often used in the process of redemption are
adsorbate and adsorbent. Adsorbate is a substance absorbed on another surface during
the adsorption process (Niclsen & Bandosz 2016) while adsorbent is a substance
where the surface can absorb another in the adsorption process (Stawinski et al. 2017).
Adsorbent usually uses porous materials so that adsorption takes place in pores or in
certain contingenions within the particles. The general pores found in adsorbent are
usually very small, making the inner surface area larger than the exterior. Separation
occurs because of differences in molecular weight or because of polarity that causes
some molecules to adhere to the surface more closely than others (Saragih, 2008).
Natural zeolite is a mineral composed of duplicate oxides, Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO
dan MgO. The minerals are plentiful in sedimentary rocks, especially crystals from
groups of aluminum and silicate. Zeolite derived from the word "Zein" meaning
boiling and "lithos" meaning rocks, is called such because the mineral has a boiling or
expanding nature when it heated (Siddik, 1992). Zeolite is part of a mineral pool
produced by volcanic change, including fine volcanic rock with a riolite composition
or large glass block. The mineral's physical properties are beautiful and endearing, but
they are softer and have different colors of green, blue, white and brown.
Zeolite can be a natural volcanic rock, and it can be artificial zeolite made of
aluminum gel, aluminum sodium, and hydroxide (Ahmad, 2004). The size of most
zeolite crystals does not exceed 10-15 microns. The basic structure of zeolite structure
consists of tetrahedrons (AlO4) and (SiO4) contained (Atikah, 2012). Zeolite has an
enormous amount of absorption. This is because zeolite can separate molecules based
on configuration and substance. Zeolite minerals are produced from volcanic ash and
saltwater. Also, there are different types of zeolites, which are made from the
metamorphosis found in the sea.
There are studies of adsorption, as well as reports of carbon, but these microcarbonic
(turmeric) microparticles of carbon are still very limited. Therefore, we need to
understand the phenomenon of adsorption processes that can be used when using
carbon both as a catalyst and as an adhesive agent. Furthermore, there is still no
quantitative approach in research on carbon effectiveness (zeolite) as an adsorbent of
color-matter adsorbate (turmeric).

There are several research about zeolite based on table as reference to arrange this paper:
N o Researcher Ref
Topic Profit Loss
1 Eti The In this journalThere was [4]
Nurpita effectiveness of describes linear
only a
Purnamasari zeolite nature as alkyl benzene review of
adsorben in a (las) reductionzeolite
wastewater of zeolite adsorption
treatment deposits. on las, not
treatment the
containing alkyl absorption of
benzene colored
sulfonate substances.
2 In this journal, In this [11]
it describes journal, it is
zeolite activities not found
that act as how zeolite
adsorben to the functions as
Muhamma Zeolite
iodine solution, an adsorbent
d Said, Arie Wagi activation as
the temperature, in dyestuffs,
Prawati, adsorben in
molarity. but it is
Eldis adsorption of
described as
Murenda iodium solution
an iodine
adsorbent,
so we only
get data
from the
 absorption
technique.
3 Merry Experiment design [6]
Siska, dan Rudy effects zeolite on It's very Maybe the
Salam lower levels of detailed language is
cadmium (CD) too repeating

4 Rina [7]
Maryanti, Adsorption of
Asep Bayu Dye on Carbon Great that the
Dani Microparticles: assembly was
Nndiyanto, There are
Physicochemica compacted,
Try Astuti some hard to
l Properties during several
understand
Irawati Adsorption, drawings gave
about the
Belliny Adsorption the reader a
content of
Mnullang, Isotherm and better
this PPT.
Achmad Education for understanding
Hufad, dan Students with of the material
Sunardi Special Needs

5 [2]
Shahin Amani, Amir There is a lot of No
Bagheri Garmarudi, data presented Reference 10
Niloofar Rahmani, and The in the form of journals in
Mohammadreza bcyclodextrinmodifie
diagrams and the form of
Khanmohammadi d nanosized ZSM-5
graphs so that advantages
zeolite as a carrier for
the explanation and
curcumin
is easier to disadvantage
draw and s
understand

6 Zeolitic
Imidazole
Nik Abdul Hadi Md Framework 8
Nordina, Ahmad Fauzi Decorated Results and
discussion
Ismail, Noorhana Graphene
Methodology are not
Yahya Oxide (ZIF8/GO)
sub-chapter specifically
Mixed
which is quite explained
Matrix
clear and there are
Membrane few graphs
(MMM) For
CO2/CH4
Separation
7 Abdulsalam A. Shyaa a , The content of [1]
Omar A. Hasan a, the journal is
Ahmed M. Abbas b. Synthesis and short, concise
characterization and , The use of The contents
of polyaniline/ precise and of the journal
zeolite standard words displayed are
nanocomposite , The incomplete.
for the removal application of The
of neatness in information
chromium(VI) writing, In conveyed is
from aqueous accordance with not clear.
solution scientific/journa
l writing
guidelines
8 Cruz, Antonio Joao, Adsorption of [3]
Carvalho, Ana P., Brotas Acetic Acid by
de Carvalho Activated The content of It is not
Carbons, the journal from explained
Zeolites, and chemical and where the
other adsorbent engineering materials
materials data tell very obtained and
Related with detailed there no
the Preventive discussion in explanation
Conservation of the research of how the
Lead Objects in method data taken
Museum
Showcases
9 Mousa Gougazeh, J.C. in the journal [10]
Buhl is not
explained in
detail about
Synthesis And
Characterizatio This journal tell the method.
also
n of Zeolite A about the
explained
by synthesis and about the
Hydrothermal characterization shortcomings
Transformation about zeolite, of natural
of Natural and have a zeolite,
Jordanian good explained including
Kaolin many
impurities
and poor
crystaline
 10 Tanushree,Dutta.Damay In this journal [13]
In the
anti there is a
bibliography abstract that
Bagchi.Samir,Kumar,Pal
Bimetallic that can be used uses
.
zeolite as a reference systematic
imidazolate so that this English
framework as journal is more discussions,
active excipient accurate. The the writing is
of curcumin theoretical basis not in
under used in the accordance
physiological research is very with the
strong as a
conditions systematic
desire also
writing of
accompanied by
journals
expert opinion.

Table 1. Several Research Journal about Zeolite

Here, the purpose of this study is to learn the zeolite effectiveness of the turmeric
solution through an adsorption process. Then, in this study, an adsorption process
making by zeolites as an adsorbent. It will absorb turmeric as an adsorbate. The study
provided data on zeolite's ability to absorb the materials color from turmeric solution,
a way of seeing how much light emanates from the flashlights of turmeric solution
mixed with zeolite. And the other side, we hope on this research can be used as a way
to deal with colored liquid waste, where it disturbs the environment around us a lot.
Then, the result put in 9 models of isotherms, and the results are presented in graphical
form to see the suitability of research results to the isotherm model.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Materials
The materials substance used in this study is zeolite with a size 0,1 mm and turmeric
powder of “desaku kunyit bubuk”, and aquades. Among the devices used were cartons,
flashlight, chopsticks, 250ml of plastic bottles, scissors, stirrer and a mobile device for
lux.

Fig. 1. Tools Description

Arrange a series of tools, namely a large cardboard box which is filled with medium
cardboard and a flashlight stored on top of the medium cardboard with the cardboard
being stored vertically in the width of the large cardboard and stored at the end of the
large cardboard. After that, punch a hole in a large cardboard with a size of 3.5 cm from
the 8 cm base of the cardboard and a 5 cm wide hole from 7.5 cm from the right and left
sides. Next, save the small cardboard beside the width of the large cardboard which is
positioned far apart from the medium cardboard.

Method
The method of this research is experiment research. Experimental research methods go
into quantitative research methods. Experimental research method is a method that used
when researchers want to know the causal effect between independent and dependent
variables. The study uses the test of subject research, since it relates to zeolite's effective
research of adhesive solutions to adsorption process on curcumin solution, and it uses a
one-shot case study, which is the simplest and suitable design. Towards the group of
subjects treated (X), then observed (Y). In this design a group of research subjects
receive treatment, next measured the variables to observe. One shot case study, which
was an experiment that was conducted with no appeal group and also without first test
(Arikunto.2005:212).
Step
Prepare the tools and materials that have been provided so that when the practice is
ready to use. The adsorption test was done by mixing 10 grams of turmeric powder with
600 mL of aquades. Then, the solution of turmeric was deposited overnight then
separated from the precipitate and get 100 ppm turmeric solution. The next step was
made variation of 33 ppm, 25 ppm, 12.5 ppm, and 6,25 ppm by diluted 100 ppm the
turmeric solution. Put the 33 mL, 25 mL, 12.5 mL and 6.25 mL of 100 ppm turmeric
solution into different plastic bottles using measuring glass, then add the solution with
aquades until it fills 100 mL. After that, measure the light intensity through the turmeric
solution using a lux meter and write the result into data. Then, add the zeolite with
variation of mass (1 gram, 2 gram, 3 gram, and 4 grams) to each the variation of
concentration. Wait for 8 hours or more. After that, measure the intensity of light by turn
the flashlight through the turmeric solution mixture of zeolite using a lux meter with
tools that have been made and record the observations. Do this step for the second, third,
fourth, and so on until all of experiment already done, don’t forget to labeled the bottle.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The research has done shows the results of light measurements as in the first table shows
the result of measurements without zeolite at concentration (ppm). In the data it says that
it gets the greater its largement concentration (ppm), the smaller the intensity of light it
gets. The opposite, is true, the smaller distribution of the solution, the greater intensity of
light involved. Then, the second table shows that the smaller the concentration of
turmeric solution and the more of zeolite that is put in the solution, the greater the
intensity of the light at hand, and the opposite.

Turmeric Measurement of light

 through turmeric solution
Solution
1 2 3
33 ppm 98 130 530
25 ppm 160 216 867
12.5 ppm 287 322 1560
6.25 ppm 392 404 2108

Table 2. The result of light intensity before adding zeolites

Zeolite mass Transmittan results (lx)

Turmeric Solution
variation 1 2 3
33 ppm 183 212 949
25 ppm 385 378 1286
1 gram
12.5 ppm 414 401 1949
6.25 ppm 542 532 2497
33 ppm 235 250 880
25 ppm 410 398 1217
2 gram
12.5 ppm 556 560 1880
6.25 ppm 638 624 2428
33 ppm 313 330 604
25 ppm 482 510 941
3 gram
12.5 ppm 595 623 1104
6.25 ppm 769 781 2152
33 ppm 462 459 1282
25 ppm 549 576 1619
4 gram
12.5 ppm 653 667 2282
6.25 ppm 878 882 2830

Table 3. The result of light intensity after adding zeolites

After research is conducted, based on earlier research, on the title "Adsorption Of Dye
On Carbon Microchips: Physicochemical Properties During
Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm And Education For Students With Special Needs "by
Rina Maryanti, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, Triastuti Irawati Belliny Manullang,
Achmad Hufad & Sunardi applied to four isotherms adsorption models. So we do
development by applying Numbers from research into nine isotherms models. And is
presented in graphic form to see if one of the nine isotherm models fits the experiment or
not.

Isotherm Adsorption Models

2.1. Langmuir

The Langmuir isotherm defines the adsorption process in the case of formatting
multilayers as well as the monolayer. It depends on whether the adsorption is a physical
or chemical process. Four assumptions in the Langmuir isotherm are each site only
adsorbs one adsorbate molecule, molecules are adsorbed by a fixed site, all sites have the
same energy, and there is no interaction between the adsorbed molecules and the
surrounding sites [13]. The Langmuir model is expressed by :

Qe is the amount of adsorbed adsorbate molecules per gram of adsorbent (mg/g), Qmax is
the capacity of the adsorbent monolayer (mg/g), Ce is the adsorbate equilibrium
concentration (mg/L), and KL is the Langmuir adsorption constant referring to the energy
of adsorption.
In the Langmuir isotherm, there is a dimensionless factor or separation factor (RL)
which is described in Equation 2. RL parameters are used to support the adsorption
process since these parameters are important to analyze each adsorption case separately
whether adsorption is favorable or unfavorable. The decreases of RL value indicating the
adsorption process is desirable. In essence, the RL predicts the affinity between adsorbent
and adsorbate.

Separation factor (RL) have the following meaning:

(i) RL > 1, unfavorable adsorption (the desorption process is dominant)
(ii) RL = 1, linear adsorption (depending on the amount adsorbed and the concentration
adsorbed)
(iii) RL = 0, irreversible adsorption (strong adsorption)
(iv) 0 < RL < 1, favorable adsorption (normal adsorption)

Langmuir Equation
1.6

1.4

y = 0.3x + 9E-16 1 Gram

1.2
y = 0.4x - 8E-16
R² = 1 2 Gram
1 R² = 1
y = 0.2x 3 Gram
/Qe

0.8 R² = 1 4 Gram
1

0.6
Linear (1 Gram)
0.4 Linear (2 Gram)
0.2 y = 0.1x + 1E-16 Linear (3 Gram)
R² = 1
0 Linear (4 Gram)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1/Ce

To make the curva, obtained from the linear equations y = mx + c, got an x from 1/Ce
whereas the y value from 1/Qe. Get R² from curva 1 grams = 1, 2 grams = 1, 3 grams =
1, and 4 grams = 1. Hence, the average curva's r composition = 1 (linear adsorption),
suffering on amount adsorbed and the concentration adsorbed.
2.2. Freundlich

The Freundlich isotherm is based on the assumption that the adsorbent has a
heterogeneous surface and each molecule has different adsorption potentials thus form
multilayer on the adsorbent surface which allows the interaction between adsorbed
molecules. The interaction between adsorbed molecules that form a multilayer assumes
that the bonds are not strong [14]. The Freundlich isotherm is defined :

kf is the Freundlich constant, Ce is the concentration of adsorbate under equilibrium

conditions (mg/L), Qe is the amount of adsorbate absorbed per unit of adsorbent (mg/g),
and n is the value indicating the degree of linearity between the adsorbate solution and
the adsorption. The description of the n value is follows:
(i) n = 1, linear adsorption
(ii) n < 1, chemisorption process
(iii) n > 1, physisorption process
(iv) 0 < 1/n < 1, favorable adsorption
(v) 1/n > 1, cooperative adsorption

Freundlich Equation
3

y = x + 2.3026 2.5
1 Gram
R² = 1
2 2 Gram
y = x + 1.204 3 Gram
1.5 R² = 1
InQe

y = x + 1.6094 4 Gram
R² = 1 1 Linear (1 Gram)

0.5 Linear (2 Gram)

y = x + 0.9163
Linear (3 Gram)
R² = 1
0
Linear (4 Gram)
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
-0.5
InCe

To make the curva, obtained from the linear equations y = mx + c, obtained an x value
from the atom while the value y from the atom. Then, get R² from curva 1 grams = 1, 2
grams = 1, 3 grams = 1, and 4 grams = 1. Hence, the average curva's r composition = 1
(linear adsorption), suffering on amount adsorbed and the concentration adsorbed.
2.3. Temkin

The Temkin isotherm assumes an indirect adsorbate interaction correlation with the
adsorption isotherm. The heat of adsorption of all molecules decreases linearly with
increasing surface coverage of the adsorbent, and adsorption is characterized by a
uniform distribution of binding energy. The Temkin isotherm assumes the correlation of
the indirect adsorbate interaction with the isotherm adsorption. The adsorption heat of all
the molecules decreases linearly with increased adsorbent coverage surface, and
adsorption is characterized by a uniform distribution of the binding energy. The Temkin
isotherm can be explained by Equation :
𝑞𝑒 = 𝐵𝑇𝑙𝑛𝐴𝑇 + 𝐵𝑇𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑒

BT is the adsorption heat constant (if the BT value is less than 8 kJ/mol, then the
adsorption occurs physically), AT is the binding equilibrium constant, and T is the
absolute temperature.

Temkin Equation
16

14
1 Gram
12
y = 5.3765x + 10.553 2 Gram
R² = 0.8614 10
3 Gram
8 4 Gram
Qe

y = 1.9913x + 3.1782
6 Linear (1 Gram)
y = 1.5827x + 3.6427 R² = 0.9968
R² = 0.962 Linear (2 Gram)
4
Linear (2 Gram)
2
y = 1.6641x + 2.5173 Linear (3 Gram)
0 R² = 0.9728 Linear (4 Gram)
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
-2
InCe

To make the curve, obtained from the linear equation y=mx+c, the X value is obtained
from lnCe while the Y value is from Qe. Obtained R² from the curve 1 gram = 0.8614 , 2
grams = 0.962, 3 grams = 0.9968, and 4 grams = 0.9728. So, the average curve is
R²=0.94825 (linear adsorbed), it means favorable adsorption process (normal
adsorption).

2.4. Dubinin-Radushkevich

The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm assumes the size of the adsorbent is in the

micrometer range. The adsorption equilibrium relationship for the adsorbents is
independently expressed from temperature using the adsorption potential (ε). The
Dubinin Radushkevich adsorption equilibrium model shows that adsorption following
the pores filling mechanism is not a layer-bylayer form. The Dubinin-Radushkevich is
described by Equation :
𝑙𝑛𝑞𝑒 = 𝑙𝑛𝑞𝑠 − (𝛽𝜀2)
β is the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm constant, qs refers to the saturation capacity of
theoretical isotherms, and Ɛ is the Polanyi potential (J/mol) is determined using equation:

Adsorption free energy per adsorbate molecules is calculated using Equation :

Where Ce is the final concentration of solute and E is the adsorbate energy per molecule
as the energy needed to remove molecules from the surface.

Dubhinin Radushkevich Equation

3
y = -0.0013x + 1.516
2.5 R² = 0.9977 1 Gram
2 y = -0.0008x + 2.4511 2 Gram
R² = 0.9119
1.5 3 Gram
InQe

y = -0.0007x + 1.4172
1 R² = 0.979 4 Gram
0.5 Linear (1 Gram)

0 Linear (2 Gram)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Linear (3 Gram)
-0.5 y = -0.0014x + 1.3045
-1 R² = 0.9813 Linear (4 Gram)
Ɛ^2

To make the curve, obtained from the linear equation y = mx + c, the X value is obtained
from Ɛ² while the Y value is from lnQe. Obtained R² from the curve 1 gram = 0.9119, 2
grams = 0.979, 3 grams = 0.9977, and 4 grams = 0.9813. So, the average curve is
R²=0.967475, so it is R close to 1, and favorable adsorption process (normal adsorption).

2.5. Halsey

Halsey model adsorption parameters were obtained using equation :

𝑙𝑛𝑄𝑒 = 1 𝑛𝐻 𝑙𝑛𝐾𝐻 − 1 𝑛 𝑙 . To get the Halsey model parameters, we need to convert 𝐶𝑒
and 𝑄𝑒 data into the form of 𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑒 and 𝑙 , which are used for data fitting.
 Halsey Equation
3

2.5
y = x + 2.3026 1 Gram
R² = 1
2 2 Gram
y = x + 1.204
3 Gram
y = x + 1.6094 1.5 R² = 1
InQe

R² = 1 4 Gram
1 Linear (1 Gram)

0.5 y = x + 0.9163 Linear (2 Gram)

R² = 1 Linear (3 Gram)
0
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 Linear (4 Gram)
-0.5
InCe

To make the curve, obtained from the linear equation y = mx + c, the X value is obtained
from lnCe while the Y value is from lnQe. We get R² from the curve 1 gram = 1, 2
grams = 1, 3 grams = 1, and 4 grams = 1. So, the average of the curve is R² = 1 (linear
adsorption), depending on the amount adsorbed and the concentration adsorbed.

2.6. Jovanovic

Jovanovic’s model adsorption parameters were obtained using equation as presented as

𝑙𝑛𝑞𝑒 = 𝑙𝑛𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐾 . To get the Jovanovic model parameters, we need 𝐶𝑒 data and we
need to convert 𝑄𝑒 into the form of 𝑙𝑛𝑄𝑒 which are used for data fitting.

Jovanovic Equation
3.5
y = 1.6021x + 0.5099
3 R² = 0.8614 1 Gram
2.5y = 3.0391x - 0.6488
R² = 0.962 2 Gram
2 y = 1.6687x - 0.3888
3 Gram
R² = 0.9968
InQe

1.5
4 Gram
1
Linear (1 Gram)
0.5 y = 1.4614x - 0.563
R² = 0.9728 Linear (2 Gram)
0
Linear (3 Gram)
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Linear (4 Gram)
-1
Ce

To make the curve, obtained from the linear equation y = mx + c, the X value is obtained
from Ce while the Y value is from lnQe. Obtained R² from the curve 1 gram = 0.8614 2
grams = 0.962 , 3 grams = 0.9968 , and 4 grams = 0.9728. So, the average curve is R² =
0.94825 (linear adsorbed), R<1 and close to 1 it means favorable adsorption process
(normal adsorption).
2.7. Fowler Guggenheim

Fowler-Guggenheim model adsorption parameters were obtained using equation :

𝑙𝑛 ( (1−𝜃) 𝜃 ) − 𝜃 1−𝜃 = −𝑙𝑛𝐾𝐹𝐺 + 2𝑊𝜃 𝑅𝑇 .
To get the Fowler-Guggenheim model parameters, we need to plot 𝜃 vs𝑙𝑛 (1−𝜃) 𝜃 data.

Fowler Guggenheim Equation

0
1 Gram
-10.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 1.02

-2 y = -18.717x + 14.355 2 Gram

ln [ce(1-Ѳ)/Ѳ]

R² = 0.7065 3 Gram
-3
-4 y = -47.198x + 40.813 4 Gram
-5 y = -9.5999x + 5.3953 R² = 0.6983
Linear (1 Gram)
R² = 0.1054
-6 Linear (1 Gram)
y = -51.593x + 44.767
-7 R² = 0.8424 Linear (1 Gram)
-8
Linear (2 Gram)
Ѳ

To make the curve, obtained from the linear equation y = mx + c, the X value is obtained
from theta while the Y value is from ln(Ce (1- 𝜃)/ 𝜃). Obtained R² from the curve 1 gram
= 0.8424 2 grams = 0.6983 , 3 grams = 0.1054 , and 4 grams = 0.7065. So, the average
curve is R²=0.58815 (linear adsorbed), R<1 it means favorable adsorption process
(normal adsorption).

2.8. Harkin Jura

Harkin-Jura isotherm describes that the adsorption occurring on the adsorbent surface is
a multilayer adsorption because the adsorbent has a heterogeneous pore distribution
(Ayawei et al., 2017). This model is expressed by equation :

1 𝑞𝑒 2 = 𝛽𝐻𝐽 𝐴𝐻𝐽 − ( 1 𝐴 ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐶𝑒

where 𝛽𝐻𝐽 value is related to specific surface area of adsorbent and 𝐴𝐻𝐽 are the Harkin
Jura isotherm constants. The modification of the Harkin-Jura equation is used to
determine the surface area of the adsorbent. The modified Harkin-Jura equation is
written in equation :

𝛽𝐻𝐽 = −𝑞(𝑆 2 ) 4.606𝑅𝑇𝑁

Where q is the constant independent of the nature of the adsorbent, S is the specific
surface area ( 𝑚2 𝑔 ), R is the universal gas constant (8.314 𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 ⁄ ), T is the absolute
temperature, and N is the Avogadro number.
 Harkin Jura Equation
2.5
y = -2.9089x - 0.7368
R² = 0.883 y = -2.2423x + 0.1563
2
R² = 0.9543
y = -1.3773x + 0.0341
1.5
R² = 0.9927
/Qe^
2

0.5 y = -0.5552x - 0.0183

1

R² = 0.7974
0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4
-0.5
LogCe

1 Gram 2 Gram 3 Gram 4 Gram

Linear (1 Gram) Linear (1 Gram) Linear (2 Gram) Linear (3 Gram)
Linear (4 Gram) Linear (4 Gram)

To make the curve, obtained from the linear equation y = mx + c, the X value is obtained
from logCe while the Y value is 1/Qe². Obtained R² from the curve 1 gram = 0.7974, 2
grams = 0.883, 3 grams = 0.9927 , and 4 grams = 0.9543. So, the average curve is
R²=0.90685 (linear adsorbed), R<1 and close to 1 it means favorable adsorption process
(normal adsorption).

2.9. Flurry Huggins

Flory-Huggins isotherm takes into account the degree of surface coverage of the
adsorbate on the adsorbent. This isotherm also assumes that the adsorption process
occurs spontaneously (Saadi et al., 2015). Flory-Huggins isotherm is expressed by
equation :

𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝜃 𝐶𝑒 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝐾𝐹𝐻 + 𝑛 log(1 − 𝜃)

where 𝜃 = (1 − 𝐶𝑒 𝐶𝑜 ) is the degree of surface coverage, KFH is the Flory–Huggins

model equilibrium constant and nFH is the number of adsorbates occupying adsorption
site.
 Flurry Huggins Equation
0
1 Gram
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
2 Gram
-0.5
y = 0.393x - 1.5332 3 Gram
R² = 0.2331
4 Gram
log (1-Ѳ)

-1
y = -1.0753x - 1.1813 Linear (1 Gram)
R² = 0.4991
-1.5 Linear (1 Gram)
Linear (2 Gram)
y = -0.5446x - 1.2762
-2 Linear (2 Gram)
R² = 0.1575 y = -0.9359x - 1.2444
R² = 0.64 Linear (2 Gram)
-2.5 log Ѳ/Ce

To make the curve, obtained from the linear equation y = mx + c, the X value is obtained
from log (𝜃/Co) while the Y value is from log(1- 𝜃) . Obtained R² from the curve 1 gram
= 0.64 2 grams = 0.4991, 3 grams = 0.2331, and 4 grams = 0.1575. So, the average curve
is R²= 0.382425 (linear adsorbed), R<1 and it is favorable adsorption process (normal
adsorption).

CONCLUSION

The conclusion of this study is in reviewing the effectiveness of zeolite in the turmeric
solution in the adsorption process is that the zeolite masses have an effect on zeolite's
effectiveness. Base on data, the zeolites proven to have effectiveness in absorbing
turmeric solution. One of the properties of natural zeolites is that of being able to steam
and gas and to absorb toxic substances. Adsorben is a substance used to absorb a
solution, a form of gas or liquid found in a mixture. The concentration of the final
solution obtained from adsorption with a batch of active zeolites is reduced by the
addition of active zeolites as adsorbent become more and more, and then the light
intensity will be increased.

The function of his acted zeolite is to eliminate the compounds - organic compounds that
block the pore surface - pores that zeolite. The object of this is to expand the porezeolite
is active and thus its adsorption capacity increases. Thus, a high concentration of
nutrients can increase adsorption capacity. The final concentration of the turmeric is
smaller by the increase in the mass of active zeolites, indicating by the use of more
active zeolites, the power of zeolite is growing. The final concentration of turmeric
solution is smaller than the increase in the concentration of the active agent. The higher
the concentration of the active agent, the more active the power of adsorption zeolite to
the turmeric solution is .

From the data recovered, the adsorpsy's results are calculated using nine adsorption
models and are sought for charts, the isotherms adsorption is the most important
calculation to predict and analyze the various mechanisms involved in the adsorpsi
process. The nine models they are the Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, Temkin
isotherm, Dubinin-radushkevich isotherm, Jovanovic isotherm, Harkin-jura isotherm,
and the last Flory-huggins isotherm. Of the nine models that had been tried, the most
suitable models was the Temkin isotherm and Jovanovic isotherm.

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