Instructions:

1. Use excel
2. Express your final answer in 2 decimal places

1.A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ftlb/lbR and k= 1.26. If 20Btu are added to 5 lb of this gas at
constant volume when the initial temperature is 90°F, find (a) T2 (b) H, (c) S, (d) U, and (e) work for
a nonflow process.

2.A reversible, nonflow, constant volume process decreases the internal energy by 316.5 kJ for 2.268 kg of a
gas for which R = 430 J/kg.K and k = 1.35. For the process, determine (a) the work, (b) Q, and (c) S. The initial
temperature is 204.4°C.

3.A 10-ft3 vessel of hydrogen at a pressure of 305 psia is vigorously stirred by paddles until the pressure becomes 400
psia. Determine (a) U and (b) W. No heat is transferred, cv = 2.434 Btu/lb.R

4.Three pounds of a perfect gas with R = 38 ft.lb/lb.R and k = 1.667 have 300 Btu of heat added during a reversible
nonflow constant pressure change of state. The initial temperature is 100°F. Determine the (a) final temperature, (b)
H, (c) W , ( d )  U , a n d ( e )  S .

5 . While the pressure remains constant at 689.5 kPa the volume of a system of air changes from 0.567 m3 to 0.283 m3.
What are (a) U, (b) H, (c) Q, (d) S? (e) If the process is nonflow and internally reversible, what is the work?

6.Four pounds of air gain 0.491 Btu/°R of entropy during a nonflow isothermal process. If p1 = 120 psia and V2 = 42.5 ft3,
find (a) V1 and T1 (b) W, (c) Q, and (d) U.

7.If 10 kg/min of air are compressed isothermally from p1 =96 kPa and V1 = 7.65 m3/min to p2 = 620 kPa, find the work,
the change of entropy and the heat for (a) nonflow process and (b) a steady flow process with 1 = 15 m/s and 2 =
60 m/s.

8.One pound of an ideal gas undergoes an isentropic process from 95.3 psig and a volume of 0.6 ft3 to a final
volume of 3.6 ft3. If cp = 0.124 and cv = 0.093 Btu/1b.R, what are (a) t2, (b) p2 (c) H and (d) W.

9.A certain ideal gas whose R = 278.6 J/kg.K and cp= 1.015 kJ/kg.K expands isentropically from 1517 kPa, 288°C to
965kPa. For 454 gm/s of this gas determine, (a) Wn (b) V2, (c) U and (d) H.

10.A polytropic process of air from 150 psia, 300°F, and 1 ft3 occurs to p2 = 20 psia in accordance with pV1.3= C.
Determine (a) t2 and V2, (b) U, H and S, (c) pdV and -Vdp. (d) Compute the heat from the polytropic specific heat
and check by the equation Q = U + pdV. (e) Find the nonflow work and (f) the steady flow work for KE = 0.

11.The work required to compress a gas reversibly according to pV1.30 = C is 67,790 J, if there is no flow. Determine U
and Q if the gas is (a) air, (b) methane. For methane, k = 1.321, R = 518.45 J/kg.K, cv = 1.6187, cp = 2.1377
kJ/kg.K
12.There are 1.36 kg of air at 137.9 kPaa stirred with internal paddles in an insulated rigid container, whose volume is
0.142 m3, until the pressure becomes 689.5 kPaa. Determine:
(a) the work input,
(b) (pV),
(c) Ef , and
(d) Q.

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13.A reversible, nonflow, constant volume process decreases the internal energy by 316.5 kJ for 2.268 kg of a gas for
which R= 430 J/kgK and k = 1.35 . For the process, determine
(a) the work,
(b) the heat, and
(c) the change of entropy if the initial temperature is 204.4°C.

14.There are 1.36 kg of gas, for which R = 377 J/ kgK and k =1.25 , that undergo a nonflow constant
volume process from p1 =551.6 kPaa and t1= 60 oC to p2=1655kPaa. During the process the gas
is internally stirred, and there are also added 105.5 kJ of heat. Determine
(a) t2 ,
(b) the work input,
(c)Q ,
(d) U , and
(e) S.

15.If 4 lb of NH3 at 200 psia and 360°F are cooled at constant volume to t2 =100°F , find
(a) p2 ,
(b) U ,
(c) Q and
(d) W.

16.A pressure vessel contains 2.5 lb of saturated steam at 70 psia. Determine the amount of heat which must be rejected in
order to reduce the quality to 60%. What will be the pressure and temperature of the steam at this new state?

17.A gas whose composition is not known has 42.2 kJ of paddle work input at constant volume of 566L. Initially, p1= 138 kPaa,
t1= 26.7°C ; finally, t2 =82.2°C . What are U and Q if k=cp/cv =1.21?

18.A vertical, frictionless piston-and-cylinder arrangement contains 1 kg of steam at 25 bar, 260°C. Heating occurs at
constant pressure causing the piston to move upward until its initial volume is doubled; local g = 9.145 m/s2. Find
(a) the change in potential energy of the piston,
(b) the heat.
(c) If the process had occurred because of an input of paddle work only (no heat), find the net work of the system.

19.There are expanded 0.90 kg/s of steam at constant pressure from 30 bar and 70% quality to a final state. If the
process is nonflow for which W =121.3 kJ/s , find
(a) the final temperature,
(b) Q ,
(c) the available part of Q for a sink temperature of to = 27°C.

20.Assume 2 lb of hydrogen simultaneously reject heat and receive paddle-work input in a nonflow change of state at constant
pressure from an initial temperature of 2500F to a final temperature of 90°F. See figure. If the heat rejected is thrice the paddle
work, determine
(a) U , H , and S for the system,
(b)Q ,
(c) Wnet.

21.A vertical, frictionless piston-and-cylinder arrangement contains 2 lb of steam at 400 psia, 500°F. Heating occurs at constant
pressure causing the piston to move upward until the initial volume is doubled; local g = 30 fps2. Find
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(a) the change in potential energy of piston,
(b) the heat.
(c) If the process had occurred because of an input of paddle work only (no heat), find the net work of the system.

22.A piston-cylinder system with internal paddles, contains 4 lb of steam at 650 psia and 550°F. There is an input of paddle work
of 200 Btu and of heat of 196.4 Btu. Determine
(a) t2,
(b) the net work of the system,
(c) S for the steam,
(d) S of the universe if the heat comes from a constant temperature system at 1000°F,
(e) the change of potential (gravitational) energy of the piston if the pressure of the surroundings is 14 psia.

23.Consider that 1 lb of air has a decrease of internal energy of 20.58 Btu while its Fahrenheit temperature is reduced
to one third of the initial temperature during a reversible nonflow constant pressure process. Determine
(a) the initial and final temperatures,
(b) Q ,
(c) W , and
(d) S.

24.Oxygen at the rate of 3 lb/min undergoes a reversible isobaric process during which its entropy changes -0.35 Btu/lb-°R; V1
=17.75 ft3 and t1= 400 oF . For both nonflow and steady flow (P = 0 , K = 0 ) processes, compute
(a) U and H ,
(b) W ,
(c) Q.

25.Assume 5 lb of an ideal gas with R =38.7 ftlb/lb°R and k =1.668 have 300 Btu of heat added during a reversible constant
pressure change of state. The initial temperature is 80°F. Determine
(a) the final temperature,
(b) U , H and S ,
(c) W.

26.There are expanded 2 lb/sec of steam at constant pressure from 400 psia and 50% quality to a final state. If the process is
nonflow for which W =115Btu/sec , find
(a) the final temperature,
(b) Q ,
(c) the available part of Q for a sink temperature of to = 60 °F.

27.During a reversible process there are abstracted 317 kJ/s from 1.134 kg/s of a certain gas while the temperature
remains constant at 26.7°C. For this gas, cp = 2.232 and cv = 1.713 kJ/ kgK . The initial pressure is 586 kPaa. For both
nonflow and steady flow ( P = 0 , K = 0 ) processes, determine
(a) V1, V2 , and p2,
(b) W and Q ,
(c) S and H

28.The gain in entropy during an isothermal nonflow process of 5 lb of air at 60°F is 0.462 Btu/°R. What is
(a) the ratio V2/V1 ,
(b) the ratio p2/p1 ,
(c) W , and
(d) Q?

29.There are received 889 Btu/sec of heat by 10 lb/sec of sulfur dioxide which undergo a steady flow isothermal process
from saturated vapor at 300°F; P = 0 , K = 0 . Find
(a) s , p , h ,
(b) W ,
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(c) the irreversibility of the process if the source is one at constant temperature of 540°F and the sink is to = 40 oF.

30.There are compressed isothermally 800 cfm (ft3/min) of air measured at 80°F and 200 psia; p2 = 600 psia . For both nonflow
and steady flow ( v1 = 75 fps , v2 =150 fps , P = 0 ) processes, compute
(a)pdV and -Vdp ,
(b) U , H , and S ,
(c) work and heat.

31.The internal energy of a certain ideal gas is given by the expression u =850+ 0.529pv Btu/lb where p is in psia.
Determine the exponent k in pvk = C for this gas undergoing an isentropic process.

32.Steam flows isentropically through a nozzle from 1517 kPaa, 288°C to 965 kPaa. For m=454g/s, determine
(a) s,
(b) t2,
(c) W, (d) K.
(e) Assume a nozzle efficiency en= 94% and solve for the preceding parts.

33.Consider 10 lb/sec of steam at 110 psia, 6000F, that enter a small ideal steady-state, steady-flow turbine and, after isentropic
expansion, exhaust at 20 psia; P = 0 , K = 0 . Find
(a) exhaust temperature t2,
(b) W in kW and MJ/hr.

34.During an isentropic process of 1.36 kg/s of air, the temperature increases from 4.44°C to 115.6°C. For a nonflow
process and for a steady flow process ( K = 0 , P = 0 ), find
(a) U ,
(b) W ,
(c) H ,
(d) S , and
(e) Q.

35.During an isentropic process of 3 lb/sec of air, the temperature increases from 40 0F to 2400F. For a nonflow
process and for a steady flow process ( K =0 , P = 0 ), find
(a) W ,
(b) U ,
(c) H ,
(d) S , and (e) Q.

36.Hydrogen is compressed isentropically from p1=108 psia , V1=3cfs (ft3/s), and t1 = 40 °F to p2 = 256 psia . For both
nonflow and steady flow ( P = 0 , K = 0 ) processes, find
(a) t2 and V2.
(b)pdV and -Vdp,
(c) H , U , and S ,
(d) W and Q.

37.Assume 1 ft3/min of air at 160 psia, 2600F is expanded isentropically to 20 psia. What is the work
(a) for nonflow conditions,
(b) for steady flow where P = 0 , K = 0 ?

38.The work required to compress a gas reversibly according to pV1.30 = C is 67,790 J if there is no flow. Determine U
and Q if the gas is
(a) air,
(b) methane.

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39.Consider 1 lb of steam, initially saturated at 160 psia, that expands nonflow according to pV1.13 =C to 15 psia. Determine
(a) v2,
(b) x2,
(c) W,
(d) u and
(e) Q .
(f) If the process is steady flow with K = +2Btu/lb, what is the work?

40.We have 1 lb of NH3, that is polytropically compressed from saturated vapor at p1 =25 psia to p2 =140 psia and
180°F. Calculate
(a) n in pVn =C ,
(b)-Vdp,
(c)pdV ,
(d) u ,
(e) W and Q for nonflow,
(f) W and Q for steady flow with K = -2Btu/lb , P = 0.

41.Assume 5 lb of steam, occupying 10.752 ft3 at 250 psia, expand according to pV1.25 =C until p2 = 10 psia. Calculate
(a) y2,
(b) H ,
(c) S ,
(d) U , and
(e) W and Q for nonflow and for steady flow with K = 0 , P = 0.

42. Consider 2 lb of air at 90°F that are expanded by a reversible polytropic process with n =1.25 until the pressure is
halved. For both nonflow and steady flow (v1 =10 fps , v2 =400 fps , P = 0 ) processes, compute
(a) U , H , S ,
(b) W ,
(c) Q.

43. During a reversible process, p and V of a fluid system at the end of states are related by pV2 =C . If the fluid changes
state from p1 =100psia , V1=3 cfs to p2 = 20 psia , find
(a) the nonflow work and the steady flow work where P = 0 , K = 0 .
(b) Find Q and S if the fluid is nitrogen.

44. The work required to compress a gas reversibly according to pV1.30 =C is 50,000 ft-lb if there is no flow. Determine U and Q
if the gas is
(a) air,
(b) methane.

45.Helium undergoes a nonflow polytropic process from V1 =2 cu ft and p1=14.4 psia to p2 =100 psia. Assuming that
9.54 Btu of work are done during the process, determine the value of n in pVn = C , and find Q.
508. Hydrogen at 2 lb/min undergoes a steady flow polytropic process from P1 = 50 psia, 1= 90 ft3/lb , v1= 300 fps ,
P = 0 , until the pressure, volume, and velocity are doubled. Determine
(a) n in pVn =C ,
(b) T1 and T2,
(c) H , U , and S ,
(d) pdV and -Vdp,
(e) W and Q.

46.Assume 2 lb of gas, for which R = 26 ft lb/lb° R and k =1.10 , undergo a polytropic process from p1 =15 psia and t1
=100°F to p2 =75 psia and V2 = 3.72 ft3 . For both nonflow and steady flow ( P = 0 , K = 0 ) processes, determine
(a) n in pVn = C ,
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(b) H, U, and S , (c) pdV and -Vdp,
(d) W and Q.

47.During a polytropic process, 10 lb/sec of oxygen expand reversibly from 1500oR to 1000oR, the expansion ratio
being re =V2/V1= 4 . For both nonflow and flow ( P = 0 , K = 0 ), compute
(a) the exponent n in pVn=C ,
(b) U , H , and S ,
(c) pdV and -Vdp,
(d) W and Q.
(e) If the process is an irreversible adiabatic, find the exponent m in pVm =C and U , H , S , W.

Gases - Specific Heats and Individual Gas Constants

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-heat-capacity-gases-d_159.html