güç santralinde

o
o

o
suyu

a) ve buhar yer
-
b) T
yazarak,
c)
d)
e)
f) K alarak,

g) 0=100kPa)

Steam enters the high-pressure turbine of a steam power plant that

operates on the ideal reheat Rankine cycle at 6 MPa and 500°C and
leaves as saturated vapor. Steam is then reheated to 450°C before
it expands to a pressure of 7.5 kPa. Heat is transferred to the steam
in the boiler at a rate of 60 MW. Steam is cooled in the condenser
by the cooling water from a nearby river, which enters the condenser
at 7°C.

a) Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation

lines, and determine
b) write all mass, energy, entropy and exergy balance
equations,
c) find the pressure at which reheating takes place,
d) net power output and thermal efficiency,
e) the minimum mass flow rate of the cooling water required.
f) Determine the exergy destruction associated with the heat addition process. Assume a
source temperature of 1600 K and a sink temperature of 285 K.
g) Also, determine the exergy of the steam at the boiler exit. (P0=100kPa)
The gas-turbine portion of a combined gas-steam power plant has a
pressure ratio of 16. Air enters the compressor at 300 K at a rate of 14
kg/s and is heated to 1500 K in the combustion chamber. The
combustion gases leaving the gas turbine are used to heat the steam
to 400 ºC at 10 MPa in a heat exchanger. The combustion gases leave
the heat exchanger at 420 K. The steam leaving the turbine is
condensed at 15 kPa. Assume all the compression and expansion
processes to be isentropic. (𝑇0 = 293 𝐾, 𝑇b = 300 𝐾 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇𝑠 = 2200 𝐾).
For air, assume constant specific heats at room temperature (cp=1.005
kJ/kg·K and k=1.4).
For water and steam;
ℎ𝑓 = 225.94 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑣𝑓 = 0.001014 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ@ 𝑃=10 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇=400°𝐶 = 3097.0 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠@ 𝑃=10 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇=400°𝐶 = 6.2141 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾
𝑠𝑓 = 0.7549 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 7.2522 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾
@ 𝑃=15 kPa
ℎ𝑓 = 225.94 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 2372.3 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 kPa

a) Draw the cycle T-s diagram.

b) Write all mass, energy, entropy and exergy balance equations for each device.
c) Determine the mass flow rate of the steam,
d) Determine the net power output,
e) Find the energy and exergy efficiencies of the combined cycle.
f) Determine entropy generation in combustion chamber and exergy destruction in condenser.
Bir birleşik gaz-buhar santralinde gaz türbininin basınç oranı 16
olup, hava kompresöre 300 K sıcaklıkta, 14 kg/s debiyle
girmektedir. Yanma odasından 1500 K sıcaklıkta çıkan gazlar,
türbinde genişledikten sonra atık ısı kazanına girmekte ve buradan
420 K sıcaklıkta çıkmaktadır. Yanma sonu gazlarının verdiği ısı ile
atık ısı kazanında 10 MPa basınç ve 400 °C sıcaklıkta buhar
üretilmektedir. Üretilen buhar bir türbinde 15 kPa basınca kadar
genişlemektedir. Tüm sıkıştırma ve genişlemelerin izantropik
olduğunu kabul ediniz. (𝑇0 = 293 𝐾, 𝑇sınır = 300 𝐾 𝑣𝑒 𝑇𝑘𝑎𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑘 =
2200 𝐾). Hava için oda sıcaklığında sabit özgül ısılar kabul ediniz
(cp=1,005 kJ/kg·K ve k=1,4).
Hava ve buhar için;
ℎ𝑓 = 225,94 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑣𝑓 = 0,001014 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ@ 𝑃=10 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑣𝑒 𝑇=400°𝐶 = 3097,0 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑠@ 𝑃=10 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑣𝑒 𝑇=400°𝐶 = 6,2141 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾
𝑠𝑓 = 0,7549 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 7,2522 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾
@ 𝑃=15 kPa
ℎ𝑓 = 225,94 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 𝑘𝑃𝑎
ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 2372,3 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
@ 𝑃=15 kPa

a) Çevrime ait T-s diyagramını çiziniz.

b) Tüm kütle, enerji, entropi ve ekserji denge denklemlerini her bir bileşen için yazınız.
c) Buharın kütle debisini bulunuz.
d) Santralin net gücünü bulunuz.
e) Birleşik gaz-buhar çevriminin enerji ve ekserji verimlerini hesaplayınız.
f) Yanma odasındaki entropi üretimini ve kondenserdeki ekserji yokoluşunu bulunuz.
 10-73
10-77 A combined gas-steam power cycle is considered. The topping cycle is a gas-turbine cycle and the bottoming cycle is
a simple ideal Rankine cycle. The mass flow rate of the steam, the net power output, and the thermal efficiency of the
combined cycle are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Air is an ideal gas
with constant specific heats.
Properties The properties of air at room temperature are cp k = 1.4 (Table A-2).
Analysis (a) The analysis of gas cycle yields
k 1 /k
P6 0.4 / 1.4
T6 T5 300 K 16 662.5 K T
P5

Qin m air h7 h6 m air c p T7 T6 1500 K 7

14 kg/s 1.005 kJ/kg K 1500 662.5 K 11,784 kW
WC , gas m air h6 h5 m air c p T6 T5 Qin GAS
CYCLE
14 kg/s 1.005 kJ/kg K 662.5 300 K 5100 kW
k 1 /k 0. 4 / 1. 4 8 3
P8 1 400 C
T8 T7 1500K 679.3 K 6
P7 16 10 MPa

WT , gas m air h7 h8 m air c p T7 T8 9 420 K

14 kg/s 1.005 kJ/kg K 1500 679.3 K 11,547 kW STEAM
W net,gas WT ,gas WC ,gas 11,547 5,100 6447 kW 300 K 2 CYCLE 15 kPa
5
1 4
From the steam tables (Tables A-4, A-5, and A-6), Qout
s
h1 h f @ 15 kPa 225.94 kJ/kg
1 f @ 15 kPa 0.001014 m 3 /kg

1 kJ
w pI,in 1 P2 P1 0.001014 m 3 /kg 10,000 15 kPa 10.12 kJ/kg
1 kPa m 3
h2 h1 wpI,in 225.94 10.13 236.06 kJ/kg
P3 10 MPa h3 3097.0 kJ/kg
T3 400 C s3 6.2141 kJ/kg K
s4 sf 6.2141 0.7549
P4 15 kPa x4 0.7528
s fg 7.2522
s4 s3
h4 hf x4 h fg 225.94 0.7528 2372.3 2011.8 kJ/kg

Noting that Q W 0 for the heat exchanger, the steady-flow energy balance equation yields
0 (steady)
E in E out E system 0 E in E out
mi hi m e he m s h3 h2 m air h8 h9
h8 h9 c p T8 T9 1.005 kJ/kg K 679.3 420 K
ms m air m air 14 kg/s 1.275 kg/s
h3 h2 h3 h2 3097.0 236.06 kJ/kg
(b) WT, steam ms h3 h4 1.275 kg/s 3097.0 2011.5 kJ/kg 1384 kW
Wp,steam ms w p 1.275 kg/s 10.12 kJ/kg 12.9 kW
Wnet,steam WT, steam Wp,steam 1384 12.9 1371 kW

and Wnet Wnet,steam Wnet,gas 1371 6448 7819 kW

Wnet 7819 kW
(c) th 66.4%
Qin 11,784 kW

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL 15 McGraw-Hill Education. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course preparation. If
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