Cocacila 2

INTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INTERNSHIP REPORT
PREPARED BY : Kegneneh Tefera ID R/686/04
ADVISOR :Tesfaye Meseret
HOSTING COMPANY: EAST AFRICA BOTTLING SHARE COMPANY

(EABSC)
2014/15
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Declaration statement
I declare that any information in this report, except where indicated and acknowledged, is our
original work and has not been presented before to the best of our knowledge.
Kegnene Tefera
Intern’s name Signature
Approved by:
Tesfaye meseret (MS) DDU mentor
Signature
Date of approval
PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 1

Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge with appreciation the valuable guidance from my supervisor, Mr.
Dereje Shawl who is the company trainer. His monitoring and constant encouragement saw me
through this internship program. The GIT (graduate in training) were also the team who played
considerable assistance .their guidance, accessed important materials and elaborate the practical
issue at the manufacturing area along with company operators, indeed enable us to come up with
this end.
Mr. Theodros Alebel, plant engineer of EABSC dire dawa branch. Mr. Tesfaye, a mentor at
DDU, these all have been our inputs to accomplish the four months program and to make this
report real.
Our deep gratitude also goes to my friend G/silasse G/mariam who studs chemical engineering in
DDU is; he was with me thought our challenges. And also operator and technician play great role
for my job. There for we are grateful to all mentioned above and other unnamed parties for their
unreserved help. Thank you all!

Executive summary
This report and the project work consists the brief history and profile of our hosting company
including the main raw material used to produce its main products. And also the main customers
that use its main products & main supplier, consequently its organizational structure and detail
work flow of beverages production activities in each section and the overall systems of the
organization.
The report also describes the current practice and activities that take place in production
departments and other main supportive departments.
The factors constrained their activities was also identified. Following this it tried to describe the
analysis made to solve those problems by using different techniques and recommendation.
During internship I was able to understand the company competitive strength and dedications of
both the management and employees in every fate of organization operations. In addition to the
overall benefit that I gained during the internship and the significance of the project these are in
terms of improving and upgrading the practical skill, theoretical knowledge, team playing
skills ,leadership skills, work ethics ,entrepreneurship skills and interpersonal communication
skills.

1 Introduction
1.1Background of the hosting company
East Africa Bottling Share Company (EABSC) is one of the carbonated soft drink beverage
companies in Ethiopia which produces the Coca-Cola company products: Coca-Cola, coca- light
(sugar free), Fanta orange, Fanta Pineapple, sprite and Schweppes.
History the company
First Coca-Cola bottling was established in Addis Ababa in 1959 by five Ethiopians with initial
capital of birr 750,000 form Ethiopian bottling share company. After five year the company
expand its business by establishing second bottling plant in a Dire Dawa in 1965 by five
Ethiopian and one expatriate, with a capital of birr 750,000.
In February 1975 the two factory were nationalized, re named as Addis Ababa soft drinks and
Dire Dawa soft drinks and operate under separate management. In March 22, 1996 the two plants
were reprivatized by five young local entrepreneurs with a registered capital of Birr 67 million
and formed EABSC.
In May 1999, a joint venture agreement was signed between EABSC & Coca-Cola Sabco (CCS)
to bring the professionalism, knowledge and experience that was lacking in the operation. The
shareholding proportion was 51% and 49% by EABSC and CCS respectively.
Vision
It force that provides ultimate direction to what the company do
Our Vision:-
“The company will be the best bottler in the world”
- The Best: In sales volume growth; and in return on capital employed
- Coca-Cola Bottler: A consumer driven, customer orientated, manufacturer, sales &

distribution company that markets the products and brands of the Coca-Cola Company
- In the World : the company measure ourselves against the best Coca-Cola bottlers in the
world a clear, uniting PURPOSE Is what we stand for and do in order to realize our
vision
Mission

Properly manage the maintenance of asset in orders continuously improve levels of availability,
reliability and operability.
Purpose of the company
Purpose:-“Continually increasing profitable, sustainable unit case sales of our products by satisfying new
and existing consumers: through excellent service to and with our customers at an increasing return.”
Values of the company
Integrity: be honest, open and sincere

Individual initiative: take pro-active steps to drive performance
Customer value: exceed customer expectations and add value to customers
businesses
Teamwork: work with and support colleagues to raise overall performance
People development: realize employee potential through training and development
Mutual trust and respect: treat each other with respect and dignity, and earn trust
Commitment: be accountable and do as you say
Products and services of EABSC Dire Dawa branch
The following carbonated beverages are the Products of EABSC
 Coca-Cola
 Sprite
 Fanta
 Fanta strawberry
Main customers or the end users of EABSC products
 MDC’s –
 Key account –
 Restaurants
 Hotels
 Super market
 Institutions
Managing director
1.2 Organization structure and work flow of EABSC
Organization structure
Country
Manufacturing
Manager
Personal
Assistant
Bahir Dar Country

Project Operations Manufacturi Operations Country
Technical
Manager Manager – ng Manager Manager – Engineering
Training
BD Plant – Addis Plant DD Plant Manager
Manager

Country Country human Sugar Concentrate

Country
Crown
manufacturing Bottle
resource
Country
Raw water Country finance customer
commercial
service
Pre-inspection Disinfestation Dissolving

Plant Country Central Finance Fleet
manufact engineering planning SHEQ Procurement management
uring
Washing Sand filter
Pre-rinse Filtration
Ware housing
Quality
Accounting
assurance
Caustics Carbon filter
Simple syrup
Material stores Distribution
Business
system
Coolers
management
Work flow of the company
SHE
Production process of the comp

1.3 Major
Water spraying RO machine
Final syrup
in EABSC
1.3. 1 Water treatment
UV
Study Final rinse of water treatment plant Blinding
Water treatment is the process of purification raw water from any

impurities to meet
EBIthe required standard of the beverage with application of scientific methods.
Beverage plants like coca cola bottlers use high amount of water for processing and also main
constitute of its beverage. But the water which is applicable for
beverage is needed to Filling and Co2
meet the required quality specification
of coca cola. To do this EABSC
Crowing
Dire Dawa plant is
implementing water treatment
plant
Date coding
 Main component of water
treatment plant
 Bore FBI hole water source Ware house
 Raw water storage tank
 Lime reactor tank

 Sand filter
 Buffer tank
 Activated carbon filter
 Reverse osmosis
 UV light
 Storage tank
 Process description
Raw water is supplied by a bore hole located on factory sit. Raw water from ground is pumped
and conveys to an intermediate underground storage tank. This underground storage tank is
equipped with level sensor and also serves as a reserve tank for raw water to ready accessible for
treatment.
Milk of lime dosing
The milk of lime preparation and dosing tank is equipped with a ladder to ease filling in Ca (OH)2
pages from the top manhole. The stirrer enables good mixing and avoids settling of undissolved
milk of lime. The dosing tank is equipped with two capacitive level sensors. These are used for
low level and dry run dosing pump and stirrer.
Quick lime (CaO) after it has been slacked in the lime mixing tank it gives slaked lime
[(Co(OH)2].
2CaO + 2H2 O 2Ca (OH)2
From the above reaction quick lime after it has reacted and milk of lime is formed then pumped
the lime reactor tank which is cylindrical tank having 5m diameter and 4.37 height. Row water
feed to reactor tank through feed pipe.
Main use of adding of Ca (OH) 2 in the water treatment is,
 To remove the carbonate hardness by precipitation with the precipitation being

removed by filtration.
This precipitated material is usually removed by first settling and then filtering.
Ca (OH) 2+ Ca (HC03)2 --> 2 CaCO3 + 2 H2O
 To increase the PH of water

 As sediment of impurities
 As a dis infecting

Ferric/ferrous sulphate/ FeCl3 dosing
Ferric chloride (FeCl3) is added in the lime reactor tank for coagulation and flocculation process
to remove insoluble and non-settable solids.
Sand filter
Two sand filters are operated manually. Both work in the same time. Each one has a capacity of
Q = 15 m³/h.
Due to the low load per filter the filter velocity is quite low (4, 8 m/h) and the filtrate water
quality very high. The scavenging air blower is used for supply of scavenging air. The filtered
water is sent to the clear well water tank.
Activated carbon filter
Two carbon filters are manually operated. Both are operated parallel at a capacity of Q = 15 m³/h
each. Each filter is equipped with a flow meter. The flow meter serves to adjust the flow per
filter as well as they are an indicator for required backwash. The carbon filters serve not only for
an improvement of taste and odor of the water but especially as well as for chlorine removal.
Each filter is followed by a manually back washable polisher filter with a filtration grade of 20μ.
Steam sterilization is carried out manually.
PH-adjustment by dosing of sulphuric acid H2 (SO4)

Due to the pre-treatment of milk of lime decarburization the water is low in alkalinity and
has a high ph. Further, it shows elevated silica, Ca and Mg concentrations.
To avoid any scaling of these substances the pH must be adjusted.
Polisher
The water treated in the filter Media’s of sand and carbon filter is needed to pass through
polishers. The polishers are a micron filters used to filter out any filtrates passing from the
carbon filter. There are two polishers with different filter diameters of 1 micron and 0.05 micron
pore sizes. The polishers prevents the RO plant by removing any scale causing compounds, that
is the reason for placing of polishers before the RO plant.
UV unit

The UV unit UV03 has a capacity of Q = 60 m³/h at 400 J/cm². It serves as additional safety
barrier against microbiological degermination. There’s a UV-light sensor, which ensures that the
transmission is high enough to reach the necessary intensity to kill all viruses and bacteria.
RO feed system
The RO system is a 3-2 staged system. Each pressure vessel has 5 elements. The recovery of the
RO unit is 73% percent. Feed water is Q = 27,4 m³/h, concentrate is Q = 7,4 m³/h, permeate is Q
= 20 m³/h. There are two RO units; one is in operation the other is in standby. Both have the
cleaning tank in common. Apart from that they are completely abundant units.
It is possible to adjust the duration and frequency when operating and standby RO unit change.
The high pressure pump is frequency controlled acc. to the permeate quantity. The high pressure
pump is protected against dry run by pressure sensor.
The permeate quality is measured and controlled by a conductivity measurement device . The
RO unit is equipped with a cleaning tank.
Storage tank
The treated water is stored in storage tank which is serves as a reserved tank. Perhaps any
problem is appearing on treatment process, production process is going on.

Fig: over all process of water treatment
Treated water serves as:

 Boiler feed
 Syrup
 Washer
 Blinder
 Filler
In the inlet to the tank and in the product water outlet two identical UV units are installed to
avoid microbiological contamination of the treated water.

1.3.2 Washer machine
General description
Washer machine coca cola sabco plant is a bottle washing machine used to wash empty glass or
plastic bottles. The width and length depend on the washing cycle and the output required. The
machine is made of steel structure inside which two chains travel, carrying beams containing the
bottles to be washed.
All the systems required for the machine's operation are installed along its long sides. The
machine is divided into a pump side and a gearbox side. On the pump side there are the pumps
that feed the spraying stations, pumps for label extraction and all the manual and automatic
filtering systems. The gearbox side carries the system that drives beam travel and the loading and
unloading systems.
The spraying stations for washing the inside and outside of the bottles are located in the upper
part of the machine. There are inspection and maintenance doors.
The roof consists of movable covers that rest on the fixed structure.
The whole machine stands on adjustable feet.
Overall operating description
The bottles are fed to the loading deck by the conveyor belt, from where they pass into the
conveyor system to perform the washing cycle, consisting of three stages: i.e. prewash and
gradual heating with internal and external sprays, washing in a high-temperature caustic
detergent solution, removal of labels and alternation of immersion and internal sprays, rinsing
and gradual cooling with internal and external sprays until the microbiological characteristics are
the same as the mains water used for the final rinse.
Once they reach the end of the system, the bottles are transferred to the unloading deck and
passed to the conveyor belt where they are sent to be filled.

Operating description of the washer
Drive system
The machine is driven by a variable speed electric brake motor, controlled by an inverter, which
starts up the machine and increases speed until the desired rate is reached.
The reduction units and main motor can be equipped with a special safety cut-out device, which
stops the machine in the event of excessive stress on the shafts.
Reduction unit safety devices
The drive system is monitored

by sensors which control
movement of the reduction
units the sensors monitor the
reduction units.
a) Reduction unit output hub
b) Reduction unit
c) Drop

d) Torque arm
e) Trip rod
f) Sensor
Bottle loading
The bottles are fed onto the loading platform by means of belt conveyors and from here they are
transferred to the collection decks and channeled onto the chute by separators
The bottles are transferred from the deck to the loading beam by means of the clamps which lift
them by the bottom and take them from the deck to the guide for a short distance, then they are
taken by the pusher which inserts them in the pockets. This double movement ensures
continuous motion without jerking the bottles.
A) Loader arm
B) B) Conveyor belt
C) C) Direction of movement
D) D) Pusher
E) E) Beam movement direction
F) F) Pockets
Bottle unloading

The bottles are unloaded by gravity after being washed. The bottle slides along plastic guides to
a mobile plate which, at the right moment, turns round to let the bottle fall onto cam which takes it
to the unloading conveyor belt.
A) Pocket chain
B) Bottle rest base
C) Pocket
D) Mobile plate
E) Exit belt
F) Unloading deck
G) Chute
H) Cam
I) support arm
Bottle discharge conveyor belt safety device
After collection from the pockets by the unloading cams, the bottles are placed on the fixed
unloading deck.

If a blockage occurs at any point along the discharge conveyor belt, the pressure of the bottles
trips the barrier, which, via a device, trips the limit switch to stop the machine
1.3.3 Syrup manufacturing
Simple syrup manufacture
Simple syrup is a solution of nutritive sweetener treated water after filtration and before addition
of concentrate. Simple syrup production consists of addition of sugar and water and mixing then
finally filtering of the dissolved sugar.
Raw materials for simple syrup production;
 Treated water
 White refined sugar
 Filter aid
Equipment’s in simple syrup production;
The necessary equipment’s fixed for simple syrup manufacturing are;
 Sugar dumping plate

 Bag filter
 Pumps
 Heat exchanger (plate type)
 Pre filter and necessary lines
Simple syrup production process
The process of simple syrup production starts from inspection of raw sugar. The incoming sugar
is inspected for the presence of unnecessary impurity, damaged packing, the supplier where the
sugar is coming and the production and expiration date of imported sugar. After inspected the
raw sugar is added in the sugar dumping station where it is conveyed to the sugar dissolving tank
by screw conveyor. The screw conveyor is powered by the electrical motor installed at the top of
the dissolving tank.
Cleaning of equipment’s
Sanitation of simple syrup manufacturing equipment is the necessary and the first step for syrup
production. Manufacturing equipment like; sugar dissolving tank and filtration units needed to be
cleaned before syrup production is started
Measuring Treated Water for Specified Flavour and unit for a standard brix of (64o)

The required amount of water for the batch should be measured in a simple syrup tank as per the
water requirement of each flavour and batch volume. While measuring about 10% of the total
water is needed to be hold back for Brix adjustment, rinsing concentrate or beverage base
containers, dissolving the powder (Dry part) or beverage base parts.
Dissolving the Sugar
After all, the next step is dissolving of sugar. Measured water needs to be heated to about 80 oc if
the quality of sugar is low unless in at room temperature, heating the water is used for
pasteurization and to facilitate the dissolution process. Dissolution is achieved with a gentle
agitation of the solution to prevent the settling of sugar at the bottom of the tank.
Filtration
Simple syrup may contain some un dissolved impurities coming from sugar. Syrup preparation
with hot carbon treatment with activated carbon consists of filtration of syrup and the he used
activated carbon in the filter press and filter bag with the application of keiselghur filter aid.
After filtration is completed, the simple syrup is verified for the standards of;
 Quantity
 Brix
 Appearance
 Taste and
 Odour.
Simple syrup is also produced without carbon treatment. When the sugar is good in quality and
needs not to be purified.
The process of simple syrup production without carbon treatment is just the same but without the
use of high temperature carbon treatment.
Final syrup manufacturing
Final syrup is a homogenous mixture of simple syrup plus Concentrate or Beverage Base part of
each flavour after adjustment to final volume with treated water.
Production process of final syrup
After simple syrup is prepared and filtered the necessary beverage and concentrate of the flavor
with the necessary unit is prepared to mix with the simple syrup.
The beverage and concentrate part,
 For the desired flavor

 For the desired quantity

Is mixed and dissolved with water in a cleaned container. The first step of final syrup production
is cleaning of final syrup tanks and lines with the appropriate cleaning matrix.
1.3.4 Blender machines
It is designed for continuous production of clear or pulp−based beverages by mixing base

ingredients (water, syrup and carbon dioxide) in variable user−determined proportions.
Flow chart of blinder
Syrup, water
PREPARED BY :KEGNENEHand co2
TEFERA Page 19
Mixing
Sampling and testing
No
Is the brix
ok? Adjustment
Yes
Transfer the product to

filler
Sampling and testing
Adjustment
CO2 ok?
No
Yes
Continue production
&Monitor’s the process
Finished beverage
Macro operation

blender is a system for the preparation of drinks in which the correct quantity of basic ingredients
(water, syrup and CO2) is measured and dosed in a continuous electronically controlled process
which leads to very high product quality (high precision Brix and CO 2 Volume values) in all
operating conditions (steady−state and during transitory phases).
Main parts
1) Base: The structure which supports the machine, constructed in welded stainless steel.
2) DE aeration column: Extracts the dissolved air content of the water by means of an air/CO 2
molecular exchange, thus resulting in pre−saturation.
3) Syrup tank: Maintains a small stock of syrup upstream the dosing system.
4) Flow exchange panel: The fluids control panel.
The production, machine and tubing sanitization cycles require control over the various fluids
involved.
This can be obtained by correctly adjusting the flow adapting curves on the flow exchange panel.
5) Storage tank: Stores the product for supply to the filler.
6) Control panel: This consists of the PC and the conventional controls.
7) Electrical cabinet: Contains all the electrical and electronic equipment required for machine
operation.
8) Water pump: Supplies water to the dosing system.
9) Syrup pump: Supplies syrup to the dosing system.
10) Booster pump: Pumps the product from the storage tank to the filler.
11) Vacuum pump (optional): Used for DE aeration of still products.
12) Glycol heat exchanger (option): Device which transfers thermal energy from a fluid to the
glycol.
13) Automatic C.I.P. (option): Device used for local sanitization.
14) CO_/Brix monitoring system (option): Complete system for on−line measurement of Brix
and beverage carbonation
15) Ammonia heat exchanger (option): Device which transfers thermal energy from a fluid to
the ammonia.

1.3.5 Filler machine operation
Bottle filling machine and design in EABSC DD plant
The bottle filling machine in EABSC DD plant is SIDEL which is built as rotating machine with
96 filling valves. The bottles are delivered on a conveyor belt, separated to a predetermined
spacing by a separating device, and positioned on a lifting platform under the filling elements by
a star wheel loading device.
The bottle filling machine is built synchronously with the bottle closing machine (crowner).
Main component elements of the filling machine
The main components of the filler are described in the following

The machine frame
The machine drive
The product container (CAROUSEL)
The lifting elements (JACK) and,
The filling elements

Fig component filler machine
1. in feed screw
2. Loading star wheel
3. Jack
4. Centering cup
5. Middle star wheel
6. Closure star wheel
7. Discharge star wheel
8. Annular product tank
9. Vacuum channel
10. Filling valve
11. Rotating distributer
Machine frame
The rotor structure machine frame group, comprising:-
The center in feed column,

Bottle carriers,
Product tank (carousel) and
Filling elements.
The rotor structure part is the most important part .It is housed on ball bearing in the machine
frame and is driven from there. Mounted in front of this is the front table in which the drives
from the bottle feed and removal are installed. These include
The feed in screw
The loading star wheel
The un loading star wheel etc.
Because the center in feed column rotates, the necessarily:-

fixed product delivery pipe
compressed air for the pneumatic valves and the lifting elements
Electrical signals for solenoid valves and probes,
CIP line: - Are connected coaxially. To prevent the mixing of gases and liquids and
also to prevent the leakage of the product the coaxially connection has bushes and seals
inside it.
Machine drive

The drive motor moves all the working elements parts synchronously .the rotor of the bottle
filling machine has high mass and consequently it also has high angular momentum. For ease of
setting the rotation speed AC motor with frequency converter is used for the drive. These
automatically run up to the preset speed on starting. Because of the large angular momentum
there would be a long running period after the machine is switched off. This is undesirable for
several reasons. The drive is therefore equipped with a brake.
Product container (CAROUSEL)
The product tank (carousel) consists of the filling bowl and filling valves, the filling valve
control mechanism and a fixed section for connection to the drive base. The product container
serves as a storage tank for the product and for supplying it to the filling heads. The filler bowl is
of the annular type and made from stainless steel. The filler bowl cover is bolted down, though
may be removed for periodic internal inspections. The product feed pipe, CIP piping, the
counter−pressure in feed and out feed pipes and the product recirculating pipes run out from the
center in feed column to the filler bowl. Other items mounted on the filler bowl cover include:
- Pressure gauge
- Thermometer
- Level probes
Two sight glasses are located on the side of the filler bowl for visual level inspection. The filler
bowl height adjustment is carried out by a motor, which drives the lifting reduction gears through
transmission shafts.
Lifting elements (JACK)
The lifting elements serve to press the bottles against the filling heads and thereby provide a
temporary stable connection between the bottle and the filling head. For this, lifting elements are
located below filling heads. The Lifting elements are vertically arranged cylinders which raise
the bottles by means of lifting plates driven by compressed air and press them against the filling
heads.

Fig lifting jack
File element of filling valves.
The filling heads have a very complicated structure consisting of a number of different
components which are described individually in the following. They include
- Centering cups
- filling valves with vent tubes
- a control for the valves
Centering cups
During filling the bottle is raised. In order to obtain correct centering of the bottle on the filling
head, an intermediate centering element, is fitted which is carried upwards by the bottle being
raised. The centering tulip canters the bottle in the middle of the filling head and seals it above
and below.
Filling valve with vent tube
Phase 1 counter pressurizing
First the bottle is pressed, air- tight against the filler head by the centering cup. As a result of
actuation of the roller lever the gas valve is briefly opened and air passes into the bottle through
vent tube from the filler bowl and purges the bottle. The air flowing in produces a high air
concentration in the bottle. Simultaneous the pressure in the bottle is raised to the same pressure
as that in the annular bowl.
Phase 2 filling
After the pressure equalization between the bottle and the filler bowl, the roller lever opens, via
the outer spring, the valve seal. The product can now flow downwards and is deflected by the
deflecting cone against the bottle wall and flows down the wall in a thin film. The air displaced
flows back into the bowl through the air pipe.

Phase 3 end of filling
As soon as the product has reached the bottom of the vent tube it rises in this, in accordance with
the laws of physics applying to connected vessels, whilst the gas located above the vent tube can
no longer escape. In this phase there is a slight overfilling of the bottle which must be corrected
later.
Phase 4 correction phase
To achieve an exact filling height, the product valve is closed by moving the roller lever, whilst
the gas valve still remains open. Now by means of a fixed curve, the lateral air valve is opened
and CO2 at a slight overpressure enters the neck of the bottle.
This forces the product, which is above the end of the vent tube, up the vent tube and thus back
into the bowl. In this way an exact filling height in the bottle is obtained.
To prevent immediate over foaming, the pressure in the bottle is slowly decreased by opening the
pressure release valve which is connected to a fine nozzle. The bottle can then be lowered and
closed
When the bottles come out of the filler, foam slowly rises in the bottle neck. Consequently a jet
is installed before the crowner machine which continuously sprays treated water downwards.
After filling the bottle crowner machine close carefully then goes to the next stapes with the
application of conveyor belt drive.
2 Experiences gained from internship

2.1 How I get in to the company
I can join the company by fulfilling those criteria
 Participating in the bursary program of international Coca-Cola by
 General knowledge examination on physics, mathematics, and English
 Interview based on relative courses the I have learned in our campus and also
about background of my self
 Those intern student must have 3.2 and above cumulative grade

The general knowledge evaluation exam concerns the way how to communicate and understand
of other, how solve mathematical problem related to course I have learned
The interview based on the course that I had learnt before like fluid mechanics, workshop
practice, machine element, machine design etc.
After all the internship agreement is made between EABSC and the intern.
Whereas the company is obligate to discharge the following obligation; mentor& assist the
intern to enable him/her achieve him/her training & development plan.
Entitle the following benefit to the intern;

- Food allowance-monthly coupons for use at the company canteen (cafe).
- Pocket money -500 birr/month.
- Safety closes.
The company hosted me after I gave the internship application paper to the company
human resources manager then they sent to the university industry linkage officer
coordinator Mr. Tesfaye(MSc) applications paper is accepted.
2.2 The Section of the company I had been working in
we started our work at October 22/10/2014 the day we started we met the plant engineer called
tewodros and he gave us short orientation about the section of engineering team sub-
organizational flow of the section and order to tack safety principle by related person started by
giving us safety: ear protection, head protection, and protection cloth. And directly connect us to
different maintenances planer and mechanical and electrical line specialist. He also introduced us to
our supervisor, Mr. dereje (Mechanical engineering) he is trainer of company so we were working in
this section for four months.
2.3 Work section we were working
There are many sections in this company: -
 Manufacturing Section
 maintenance section
 Service and utility
 Quality
At my mechanical training with in EABSC dire dawa branch; I have been working practically mainly
in two sections of the company, production process and maintenance section.
 on production process

The main aim of company us to understand the operation principle of every machine in the company.
Following that they give as internship program schedule for easily performing of our task.
Below table shows overall working section that we do in the company.

date
Internship program
Area Content days
a Study of waste water treatment process 5
Study of water treatment process raw to treated 4
Chemical treatment/lab analysis/ 1
Waste water and (Nov 10-22)/2014
troubleshooting
water treatment
Understanding of all equipment function 2
Sub total 12
B Boiler Shall max boiler supervision/inspection 2
Chemical treatment/lab 1
analysis/troubleshooting Nov(24-
Steam and product knowledge 2 Dec20)2014
Use of steam in beverage plants 1
Sub total 6
C Basic principles 2
c Chemical treatment/lab 2
Refrigeration analysis/troubleshooting Dec(08-20)2014
Operation 2
Sub total 6
Packer and Basic principle of packer 6
unpacked Basic principle of unpacked 6
D (Dec22-
Sub total 12 Jan3)2014/5
Basic principles of operation CIP 4
Principle of filling valve 4
E Filler Maintenance of filling valve 4 (Dec08-13)2014
Sub total 12
Basic principles of operation and CIP 6
F Blinder Star up and shutdown and quality control 6 Jan(5-17)2015
Sub total 12
Basic principles of operation and chemical 3
G Washer function Jan(19-31)2015
Heat and water flow system through washer 2
Sub total 5
Study syrup making process from raw material 5
H Syrup room To final product Incl. storage and handling 3
Auto and manual CIP process and equipment 3
Equation for manufacture of syrup 4 Feb(02-14)2015

Laboratory practical assessments, quality 2
sub total 12
I EOSH principles Basic principles 12 Feb(16-28)2015
J Laboratory 2 March(2-4)2015
K Final work Prepare summary report and evaluation 8 March(5-10)2015
Total training days 99
 on maintenance
EABSC have regular maintenance day per week on Tuesday we have got a chance to participate in
maintenance work, following that we could understand the operation principle of every machine easily.
 I maintenance program I understand that almost all machine are latest, which is install in
the company no more than five year ago. So it is difficult tack a calculated risk in
maintaining process.
 As we collect data from operators, Mechanical engineers and mechanics by

interview as well as questionnaires I can get that, if I can increase the efficiency
the machine by modification their productivity will increase significantly.
 I get more practical knowledge’s from this maintenance department when the
operation is take place on machines with the mechanics and Mechanical
engineers during the corrective maintenance is taken.
2.4 How does work flow look like

In each section of work place there is very good human interaction with machine. Unfortunately
the machines are very latest and secure operators can hold and understand fast enough.
2.5 The work task that I have been executing

East Africa bottling Share Company has latest machines which have very good efficiency. But
company mainly concerned on how money bottle is file per day. Following that they not much
worry for life and efficiency of their machine. The use machine and after problem observed on
the machine then they threw out. For example the boiler machine need to produces steam which
is used for washer, CIP, and melting of sugar. This multiuse machine is not gain much attention ,
the in feed water circulate for long time which form scaling , since there is not soot bower inside
heat exchanger it reduce efficiency, and it exhaust important heat to the environment.

I have tried to increase the efficiency of boiler by recovering exhausted heat by designing
economizer.
2.6 The procedures used while performing the work task

During my internship program it was easy to gain any accesses that help me to collect
information of any machine. Here are some of them:
 By direct interview
It was the first chose to gather information by direct interviewing the operators of the machine
and other concerned people. Operators are the owner of the machine, so that is better to ask them
to know more.
 Participating in maintenance activity
During maintenance machines are disassembled. This situation was very important for me to
observe components of machine.
 Data gathering
It is possible to read the manual of every machine that describe the safety and operation of the
machine which is available in plant engineering office.
2.7 How good I have been in performing my work task

In EABSC, every activities are done by considering continues production process.so it is difficult
to participate in production process. But I wash good in understanding the operation principle of
each and every machine.
2.8 Challenges that I have been facing

Here are challenges that I have been faced:
- Most EABSC machines are new. As a result bigger machine like filler and washer had
not ever disassembled yet, so that it was difficult to understand the mechanical part of the
machine.
- Since there is no internet access in plant is impossible to gain extra in formation by using
internet.
- When we began our internship program the mentor order to follow the schedule by
observing and asking the operator. But most operators are electrical so it is difficult to
understand the mechanical part of the machine.

- Most operators assume that university students are someone who now everything of the
machine.
2.9 The measures that I have been taking

In order to overcome the challenges I tried to
 Discuss Mr. Thewodros how is with plant engineer of EABSC dire dawa branch, Hi was
willing to understand my problem and he invite to ask any problem. He also give chance
to read any manual in his officer.
 By forming close relation with every employer in the factory I can form good friends
 Being patience
3. Over all benefits I gained from internship
In this last four month internship program I can gain the following benefits from the company
which cannot be missed thought my life:
 Practical skills
 Theoretical knowledge
 Communication skills
 Team playing skills
 leadership skills
 Work ethics
 Interpersonal skills
Practical skills
The main aim of internship program is to develop practical skill of the students that are studied
theoretical for about 3 year. So that I can develop understanding of operation principle of
machine which are install in the company that have learnt in the class. And also I can see
mechanical parts of machine during maintenance.
From this internship program, I have got a good chance to improve my practical skill highly. I
can develop my skill by participating myself into different part as I had learned theoretically in
my department course. Among them:
Machine maintenance:

There are activities which are maintained daily, weekly monthly, & yearly according to the
maintenance plan. The type of maintenance I used to practices is:
Inspection-daily before process is started, Conveyors are checked if there is problem
shortened it.
Lubrication-daily before process is started, parts such as, water tubes are checked
weather they can lubricate correctly.
Theoretical skills
When faced with a new thing in the company process my teammates and I have tried to read
more on it by Referring to different manuals of machines and discuss it on the theoretical aspect.
So I have learned the importance of the theory knowledge and its direct effect in the companies
output.
In addition to the practical skills I also upgrade my theoretical knowledge in relation to the
academic background of my study. The main things that I develop here are
 Understanding and applying the concept of production planning and
Control system specially the concept of capacity utilization.
 Understanding skills concerned with ideas and principles on which a practical subject is
based through working mechanisms of different machines.
 Knowing the work rules and regulations of the company and referring different manuals
for different operations or machines and processes
Interpersonal communication skills

Communication is the main necessary thing in the work place which used to encourage efficient
result from what we do. Following that good communication needs to form confortable work
environment.
To develop the communication skills I strive a lot and try to communicate with operators, day
laborers, engineers, and top level managers and hence, I find myself good enough in personnel
interactions.
Every day in my work I made contact with these people to help me know the different kinds of
things about their working environment. This makes me to have a wide knowledge and can
easily communicate with their relatives about the different problems occurred and try to solve it
together.
From this internship I understand that my communication is not much enough
Leader ship skills

As a team leader, managers should always have good leadership skills. And even though I wasn’t
the team leader I have learned the following key leadership skills by serving under a good team
leader who gave me and the rest of the interns’ good opportunity to learn from his leadership
skill.
 By being logical one can have self-confidence which is the basic requirement of good
leadership. I have been able to boost up myself confidence.
 By viewing things from several perspectives and being open minded, I was able to get
a better understanding of things.

Through my internship time I can learn leadership of the employer of the company. And how
good leader make excellent working environment
This includes:
 how leader tack a calculated risk
 how to treat the co worker
 how to defense against challenge
 how leader responsible to solve problem related workers
 discipline of leader
Work ethics
In my internship program I have developed the understanding of work ethics which is
employer’s value employers who understand and possess a willing to work hard. In addition
work it is important to work smart this means learning the most efficient way to complete tasks
and finding ways to save time while completing daily assignments. Working in a place you are
ordered to work, be honest to do your work, give attention to the working times. Generally the
work ethics I have developed are expressed as;
 Punctuality
 Reliability
 Responsible.
 being loyal and honest when doing professional judgments on issues of
 To develop strong work ethics you should:
 good communication skill and cooperation with colleagues
 focus primarily on work related issues
 Bring a fresh perspective to problems at work.
 Respect what others contribute to the work environment
 Committed for his/her work
 Being confident and self-motivated to do the tasks responsibly
 Commitment
.
Entrepreneurship
Currently our Ethiopia needs skilled and educated humane power who can solve and create new
project related his/her stream to his/her country. The main problem in Ethiopia is how anyone
creates business of own.
The internship program contributes for me a lot of things on the entrepreneurial way of thinking
and skills.
To mention some
 I know that engineers can work everywhere and can create work by them selves
 It helps me to understand the business concept
 I t gives me a way how to create a team work
 To see and evaluate business opportunities

 To create high level of achievement motivation
4 Internship project
4.1 Title: Exhaust Heat Recovery

Sub title: boiler economizer
4.2 Introduction
Boiler waste heat
This is heat lost in boiler through ways such as discharge of hot combustion gases to the
atmosphere through chimneys, discharge of hot waste water, and heat transfer from hot surfaces.
This energy loss can be recovered through heat exchangers and be put to other use such as
preheating other industrial fluids such as water or air.
This project focuses on recovering heat that is lost through boiler chimney flue gas. The
advantages of heat recovery include:

 Increasing the energy efficiency of the boiler by increasing temperature of in feed of

water.
 Decreasing thermal and air pollution dramatically
4.3 Background of the study

Industrial waste heat refers to energy that is generated in industrial processes without being put
to practical use. Sources of waste heat include hot combustion gases discharged to the
atmosphere, heated products exiting industrial processes, and heat transfer from hot equipment
surfaces. The exact quantity of industrial waste heat is poorly quantified, but various studies have
estimated that as much as 20 to 50% of industrial energy consumption is ultimately discharged as
waste heat. While some waste heat losses from industrial processes are inevitable, facilities can
reduce these losses by improving equipment efficiency or installing waste heat recovery
technologies.
Process heat recovery involves intercepting the waste streams before they leave the plant,
extracting some of the heat they contain, and recycling that heat. This study focus on installing
boiler economizer to recover exhaust heat used to preheat in feed water of boiler.
This study is important because EABSC doesn’t have proper heat recovery method in the boiler
so that the efficiency of boiler as well as the life of boiler machine is limited.
So if this heat recovery economizer installation applied faulting and damage as well as
maintenance cost will be minimized.
How flue gas loss happens?
Thermal energy from fuel combustion that transfers through heat exchanger surface is used for
boiler to produce steam Due to; the efficiency of each heat exchange surface is different,
therefore leading to various flue gas losses.
What are factors of flue gas loss?
1. Inappropriate air for combustion: If there is excess air, air will conduct heat from combustion
chamber to stack, which can notice by higher temperature.
Therefore, we need to adjust appropriate air ratio to each type of fuel.
2. Soot: Soot occurs from fuel combustion. In addition, soot from solid fuel is greater than its
from liquid fuel and gas fuel. As soot has bigger molecule than smoke, it will accumulates at

heat exchange surface. When accumulation gathers more, it will cause to high temperature in
exhaust gas and higher in flue gas loss. As a result, every 1 millimeter of soot will consume
much more fuel around 15-20%.
3. Scale: Scale happens when dissolved minerals in boiler water reach high levels; it comes out
as a hard shell formed on the hot surfaces of boiler. In common, scale on heating surfaces will
reduce the ability of heat transfer from hot combustion air to boiler water. High stack
temperatures or ruptured on fire tubes are common problems related to scale build up. In every 1
millimeter of scale consumes higher 2% of fuel than usual.
4.4 Statement of the problem

These problems are observe on the boiler machine
 Due to recycling boiler water for long time, some chemicals from treated water dissolve
and form scaling on boiler heat exchanger.
 No proper heat recovery on the machine
 Coca cola bottling plant wastes a significant amount of energy in the form of hot and
moist boiler flue
4.5 Objective of the study

General objective:
The main objective of this project is to increasing the boiler efficiency by designing boiler
economizer mainly thermal design of heat exchanger that install on the chimney of boiler.
Specific objective:
 Minimizing fouling and reduce maintenance requirements to avoid interference with the
normal operations of the boiler.
 Reduces fuel conception of boiler.
 Extending boiler lifetime.
4.6 Literature review

Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at
different temperatures while keeping them from mixing with each other. Heat transfer in heat
exchangers involves convection in each fluid and conduction through the wall separating the two
fluids. In order to account for the contribution of all the effects of convection and conduction, an
overall heat transfer coefficient, U, is used in the analysis. Heat transfer rate depends on the
temperature differences between the two fluids at the location and the velocity of the fluids (time
of interaction) between the fluids.

Type of heat exchanger
1. Double pipe heat exchanger (simplest heat exchanger):
It is Consists of two concentric pipes of different diameter. In application, one fluid passes
through the pipe of smaller diameter while the other flows through the annular space between the
two pipes. The flow of fluids can be arranged into:-
 Parallel flow:-
Both fluids (hot fluid and cold fluid) enter the heat exchanger at the same end and move in the
same direction to leave at the other end as shown in the figure below.
 Counter flow:-
In these types of arrangement, the cold and hot fluids enter the exchanger at opposite ends and
flow in opposite directions as shown in the figure below

1. The compact heat exchanger:-

This type of heat exchanger is designed to allow a large heat transfer surface area per unit
volume. The ratio of the heat transfer surface area of a heat exchanger to its volume is called the
area density β. Heat exchangers with β >700 are classified as compact heat exchanger
Shell and tube heat exchanger:-

Contains a large number of tubes packed in a shell with their axes parallels to that of the shell.
One fluid flows through the tubes while the other flows through the shell but outside the tubes.
2. Plate heat exchangers:-
They are usually constructed of thin plates which may be smooth or corrugated. Since the plates
cannot sustain as high pressure and or temperatures as circular tubs, they are generally used for
small and low to moderate pressure/temperatures.

In this project we use double pipe heat exchanger to transmit waste heat through the chimney.so
that the diameter of chimney and in feed water line pipe taken as annular or larger pipe through
which flue gasses is flow and inside smaller diametric pipe through which cooled water is flow
respectively. To increase the length of heat exchanger smaller pipe is constructed as helical
structure inside the annular.
Definition boiler economizer
A boiler economizer is a devise that is designed to increase the operating efficiency of a boiler,
cutting down on its operational costs over a life time of the boiler. Although the saving on any
given day may be relatively small, the impact over time can be significant.
Boiler operates by heating water to make steam, and this steam used for dissolving of sugar in
simple syrup preparation and CIP process in Coca-Cola bottling. For the most part, a boiler is
fairly efficient, but there is some heat loss when the byproducts of combustion are vented.
A boiler acts as a waste heat recovery devise, ensuring that this heat does no go unused. Instead,
the heat is used to essentially preheat the water, so that less heat is required to bring the water to
a temperature high enough to make steam. One could think of this devise as a feed water heater,
it insure that the water used feed the boiler used make more steam is hot so that the boiler does
not have to expend as much energy heating it.
Using an economizer does not just prevent heat loss it can also extend the life of boiler.
Temperature change caused by using cooler feed water can create wear and tear on the boiler
over time as the fitting heat and cool down cyclically.
4.7 Operation principle of economizer

Boiler stack economizers are simply heat exchangers with hot flue gas on shell side and water on
tube side with extended heating surface like Fins or Gills. Economizers must be sized for the
volume of flue gas, its temperature, the maximum pressure drop allowed through the stack, what
kind of fuel is used in the boiler, and how much energy needs to be recovered.

Advantage
 Improves efficiency of steam boilers

 Increases feed water temperature from 60°C to 100°C
 Simple operation and low maintenance when boiler operates on natural gas
 Can be installed on an existing stack
 The economizer will reduce the process time
 By heating the water it is also helping to prevent thermal shock in boilers as the same
reduces the load on the equipment’
 Reduces thermal pollutants to the atmosphere due to reduction in temperature of waste
flue gases
Thermal design of heat exchanger of economizer
Heat exchanger:
A device used to transfer heat from one fluid to another without direct contact of the fluid. Heat e
xchangers contain a hot fluid that
flows through one part of the exchanger and transfers its heat either to a cool fluid (water or air, f
or example) in another part or to theair outside of the exchanger.it is the main part of boiler feed
water economize used to transmit heat into the in feed water of boiler from the existed flue gas
from the boiler
In this literature cylindrical counter flow heat exchanger is selected as heat ex changer, in such a
way that the flue gas flow through the cylindrical shall and water circulate through helical tube.
The economizer shall be cross flow type arranged to allow the boiler exhaust gas to travel
vertically upward, while the feed water travels vertically downward.
Input parameter
- Boiler fuel is HFO(heavy fuel oil):-

 Lower heating value = 40.6 MJ/Kg
 Required air quantity = 10.6 M2/Kg fuel
 CO2 max. = 15.9 vol.-%
 Quantity of flue gas, dry = 11.7 m3/Kg fuel
 Ignition temperature, min = 1200c
 viscosity = 90….650 mm2/s @ 500c
 viscosity = 11…...60 mm2/s @1000c
 dew point in chimney = 130……1600/c

- diameter of annular is equal to chimney diameter
P = 1.4m but p = п * Do
DO = 1.4/п = 0.446m = 445.86mm where p is perimeter of chimney
Thickness (T) =4.5 mm
Internal diameter then become
Di =Do – 2* 4.5 = 445.86 – 9 = 436.86mm
- diameter of the pipe is equal with in feed water line pipe
p = 120mm = п * do
do =120/п = 38mm
Thickness (t) = 3mm
- mass flow rate of stack gas =

- mass flow rate of water = 1kg/s
700c
Feed water in feed water out
Tc,i = 600c Tc,o = 950c
ṁg =1kg/s
2100c
Heat exchanger design process
1. Identify application-temperature, heat load, mass flow rate, etc.

2. Decide on constriction type.
3. Evaluate LMTD, q and F.

4. Determine dimensions.
5. Evaluate heat transfer coefficient on hot side.
6. Evaluate heat transfer coefficient on cold side.
7. Determine heat transfer overall heat transfer coefficient.
8. Determine dimension iterate.
9. Check power consumption.
To design or to predict the performance of heat exchanger it is essential to relate the total heat
transfer rate to the quantities such as inlet and outlet fluid temperature, the overall heat transfer
coefficient, the total surface area for heat transfer. Two such relations may readily be obtained by
applying overall energy balance to the cold and hot fluids.
If ‘q’ is total rate heat transfer between hot and cold fluids and there is negligible potential and
kinetic energy change
q=c p h(T h , i−T h ’ o)
q=c p , c(T C , O – T c ,i)
Where the temperature applying in the expression refer to the mean fluid temperature at the
designed locations. The above equation are independent of flow arrangement and heat exchanger
tape.
NTU Method - An alternate method of determining q utilizes an effectiveness ε to calculate the

total heat transfer q as
Q = Ɛcmin (Th,i – Tc.,i)
Where Cmin is the lesser of

Ch = ṁh cp,h
cc = ṁ c cp,c
The effectiveness ε depends on two factors.
1. NTU - The Number of transfer Units. This factor is defined as
NTU = U A / Cmin
and reflects the effects of both the surface area and the overall heat transfer coefficient.
c min
2. C r = this ratio dictates whether the heating of the cold fluid or cooling of the hot fluid
c max
controls the heat exchange.
Let’s tack estimated heat transfer coefficient based on gas side surface area is Uh =100 w/m2.k
Properties: tableA.6 the specific heat of water at average temperature is
100+60
Cp, c @ ( ) = 4197 j/kg.k
2
Cc = ṁ c cp,c = 1kg/s × 4197j/kg.k = 4197 w/kg
Since the mass flow rate is not specified, ch is obtained by combining the overall energy balance
q = ṁh cp,h(Th,i-Th,o) = ṁ c cp,c(Tc,i-Tc,o) but
ṁh cp,h =ch and ṁ c cp,c =cc then
Tc , o−Tc , i
Ch =cc( )
Th, i−Th , o
100−6
4197j/kg.k( ) = 1199.14w/k = cmin
210−70
But qmax = cmin (Th,i-Tc,i) = 1199.14w/kg(210-60) = 179871w
And the actual heat transfer rate is
q = ṁ c cp,c(Th,i-Tc,i) = 1kg/s ×4197j/kg.k(100-60) = 167880w
And the effective of heat exchanger is
q 1199.14
Ɛ= = =0.93
q max 179871
c min 1199.14
With = = 0.285
c max 4197
Follow from the figure blow

Uh × Ah
NTU = =4
Cmin
2
4 × CMIN 4 × 1199.14
Ah= = =47.96 m
Uh 100
The overall heat transfer coefficient with fouling factor

Q
U=
FAΔTm
ΔTm is log mean temperature difference
( Tc , i−Tc . o )−(Th , o−Tc , i)

But ΔTm=
ln ⁡¿ ¿
( 210−100 ) −(70−60)
¿
210−100
ln ⁡( )
70−60
= 41.70c
Where F= is correction factor for cross flow (both fluids unmixed)
(Th ,i−Th , o) (210−70)

. R= = =3.5
(Tc ,o−Tc , i) (100−60)
P=¿¿

Then F=0.9
Q 167880 w w
U= = =0.96 k 2
FA ∆ Tm 0.9× 47 m 2 × 41 k m k
4.8 Discussion
The amount of heat recovered Q increased linearly with the overall heal transfer coefficient. the
value of U reached its maximum and then remained constant for higher values of Q .
The temperatures for the above operating conditions were:
 Water inlet temperature Ta in = 600c
 Water outlet temperature T air out = 1000c
 Flue gas inlet temperature T gin = 2100c
 Flue gas outlet temperature T gout = 700c
The optimum operating conditions can therefore be summarized as follows:
Overall heat transfer coefficient U= 0.96w/m2k
Effectiveness ε = 93%
T water in = 600c, T water out = 1000c, T g in = 2100c, T g out 700c
Conclusion and result
The objective of this project was completion and testing of boiler chimney heat recovery heat
Exchanger system that could be used to recover heat lost through flue gases. A cross flow single
pass type heat exchanger was used in the design. The systems model was completed under
convection conditions.
From the performance of the model the optimum operating conditions were obtained as:
Overall heat transfer coefficient U= 0.96kW/m2K
Effectiveness ε = 93%

Disassembling drawing of economizers

Assembling drawing of economizer

Recommendation and Conclusion

Conclusion
As I have mentioned in the above I have spent the last four months between Novembers to February
2015 in EABSC. And perform different activities during the required internship period
Finally This internships program organized by dire dawa institute of technology ;Learn for me about
the real world manufacturing industry what looks like and also I have gained marvelous
knowledge ,practical skill and work ethics of the company
Recommendation
 On waste water treatment plant:

 PH sensors are not working so it is difficult to read the effluent waste water.
 Following that sulphuric acid dosing station not working, operators dos acid manually
it is very dangers.
 Sludge dewatering mono belt is not working, consequently the collected sludge are
transported by car which is costly.
So it better make discussion to those problem
 On water treatment
 Since there is no water recovery method important ware is wasted
 On boiler
 Mostly boiler water is not blow down regularly which leads to create scale on the
boiler heat exchanger that limit life of boiler.
 The two big opposite purposely machines, boiler and chiller install at one crowded
room these decrease the efficiency of both machines.
 On packer and unpacked machines
 Due to equipment alignment problem the bottle sleep before hanged by the griper in
cause production process slowdown
 On some operator and labor worker
Du to carelessness of some worker the company exposed to loss many bottles with a dink by
broking on the floor.
So it is better to give training to make them aware for the company.

References
- Orientation manual of EABSC

- Fundamental of heat and mass transfer ,incropera, six edition
- Google Browser


Appendices
EABSC-East Africa bottling Share Company
SABCO- South Africa bottling Share Company
PET- Bottles made of polyethylene terephalate
ISO- International standardization for organization
MDC‟s- Main distribution center
UV- Ultra violate
RO- Reverse osmosis
RGB- Returnable glass bottle
EBI- Empty bottle inspection
HF caustic –Hydrogen fluoride caustic
IR residual liquid- Infrared residual liquid
AC- Activated carbon
CUSS- Chriwa umwelt- systemtechnik under service Gmbh
SBR- sequencing batch reactor
EQ- Equalization
PP - Pump
BOD- Biological oxygen demand
COD- Chemical oxygen demand
NTU-number of transfer unit
Q-heat transfer rate
LMTD or ΔTm-loge mean temperature difference
Cp-specific heat
F-faulting factor

Cocacila 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cocacila 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PREPARED BY : Kegneneh Tefera ID R/686/04

ADVISOR :Tesfaye Meseret

HOSTING COMPANY: EAST AFRICA BOTTLING SHARE COMPANY

Intern’s name Signature

Tesfaye meseret (MS) DDU mentor

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 1

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 2

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 3

History the company

It force that provides ultimate direction to what the company do

- The Best: In sales volume growth; and in return on capital employed

- Coca-Cola Bottler: A consumer driven, customer orientated, manufacturer, sales &

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 4

Values of the company

Integrity: be honest, open and sincere

Products and services of EABSC Dire Dawa branch

The following carbonated beverages are the Products of EABSC

Main customers or the end users of EABSC products

1.2 Organization structure and work flow of EABSC

Bahir Dar Country

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 6

Country Country human Sugar Concentrate

Pre-inspection Disinfestation Dissolving

Production process of the comp

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 7

Water treatment is the process of purification raw water from any

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 8

Milk of lime dosing

2CaO + 2H2 O 2Ca (OH)2

Main use of adding of Ca (OH) 2 in the water treatment is,

 To remove the carbonate hardness by precipitation with the precipitation being

Ca (OH) 2+ Ca (HC03)2 --> 2 CaCO3 + 2 H2O

 To increase the PH of water

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 9

PH-adjustment by dosing of sulphuric acid H2 (SO4)

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 10

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 11

Fig: over all process of water treatment

Treated water serves as:

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 12

The whole machine stands on adjustable feet.

Overall operating description

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 13

Operating description of the washer

Reduction unit safety devices

The drive system is monitored

a) Reduction unit output hub

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 14

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 15

Bottle discharge conveyor belt safety device

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 16

1.3.3 Syrup manufacturing

Simple syrup manufacture

Raw materials for simple syrup production;

Equipment’s in simple syrup production;

The necessary equipment’s fixed for simple syrup manufacturing are;

 Sugar dumping plate

Simple syrup production process

PREPARED BY :KEGNENEH TEFERA Page 17

Dissolving the Sugar

Final syrup manufacturing