WRITING TASK 1

PART 1: INTRODUCTION
-The graph/table/pie chart/bar chart/diagram ...
gives information about/on ...
provides information about/on ...
shows ...
illustrates ...
compares ...
explains why ...
describes ...
draws the conclusion of (a survey) ...

Loại biểu đồ Động từ đi kèm Tân ngữ mô tả

The given  diagram / table / figure / shows / represents / depicts / the comparison
The illustration / graph / chart / enumerates / illustrates / of…
supplied flow chart / picture/ presents/ gives / provides / the differences…
presentation/ pie chart / bar delineates/ outlines/ describes /
The graph/ column graph / line delineates/ expresses/ denotes/ the changes…
presented graph / table data/ data / compares/ shows contrast / the number of…
The shown information / pictorial/ indicates / figures / gives data
process diagram/ map/ pie on / gives information on/ information on…
The chart and table/ bar graph presents information about/ data on…
provided and pie chart  shows data about/ demonstrates/ the proportion of…
sketch out/ summarises…
the amount of…
information on…
data about…
comparative data…
the trend of…
the percentages
of…
the ratio of…
how the…
PART 2: OVERALL
In general
In common
Generally speaking
Overall
It is obvious
As is observed 
As a general trend
As can be seen
As an overall trend
As is presented
It can be clearly seen that
At the first glance, it is clear
At the onset, it is clear that
A glance at the graphs reveals that…
PART 3:DESCRIPTION
As is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table…
As (is) shown in the illustration…
As can be seen in the…
As the diagrams suggest…
According to the…
Categorically speaking…
Getting back to the details…
Now, turning to the details…
The table data clearly shows that…
It is interesting to note that…
It is apparently seen that…
It is conspicuous that…
It is explicitly observed that…
It is obvious…
It is clear from the data…
It is worth noticing that…
It is crystal clear/ lucid that…
It can be clearly observed that…
It could be plainly seen that…
It could be noticed that…
We can see that…
Listing Giving examples Generalising
firstly, secondly, thirdly for example in general
first, furthermore, finally for instance generally
to begin, to conclude as follows: on the whole
next that is as a rule
Reinforcement in this case for the most part
also namely in most cases
furthermore in other words usually
moreover Result/consequence Highlighting
what is more so in particular
in addition therefore particularly
besides as a result/consequence especially
above all accordingly mainly
as well (as) consequently Reformulation
in the same way because of this/that in other words
not only ... but also thus rather
Similarity hence to put it more simply
equally for this/that reason Expressing an alternative
likewise so that alternatively
similarly in that case rather
correspondingly under these circumstances on the other hand
in the same way Deduction the alternative is
Transition to new point then another possibility would be
now, in other words Contrast
as far as I am concerned in that case instead
with regard/reference to otherwise conversely
as for ... this implies that ... on the contrary
it follows that if so/not in contrast
turning to Stating the obvious in comparison
Summary obviously Concession (smth unexpected)
in conclusion clearly even though
to conclude naturally however
in brief of course however much
to summarise as can be expected nevertheless
overall surely still
therefore after all yet

STRUCTURE
-The highest/greatest/largest/lowest/smallest +percentage/ proportion + of + N + (BE)
-The number of
-A number of
-There + (be) + increase/decrease/…..+ in + N
COMPARISION
As many/ Twice as many/ Three times as many/ Not as many + N + to be/ V + as
Ex: “In 1990, twice as many red motorbikes were produced in Brazil as in the UK.”
More/ Far more/ Much More… + N + to be/ V + than
Ex: “In 1990, much more red motorbikes were produced in Brazil than in the UK.”
As / Whereas/ While X verb, Y verb (at the same time):
Ex: As the proportion of animals in Brazil dropped significantly, that in Poland increased.
Clause, followed by + Noun Phrase
Ex: There was a slight increase in the proportion of animals in Brazil in 1997, followed by a
dramatic decrease after 10 years.
Clause, prior to/before Verb-ing
Ex: There was a slight increase in the proportion of animals in Brazil in 1997, before decreasing
after 10 years.
X verb, Verb-ing, (which verb)
Ex: The percentage of mammal animals in Brazil increased to 30% in 1997, exceeding the
proportion in Poland, which had only 12%.
(Far/ Much/ Many/ Considerably/ Significantly/ Dramatically…) + more + N + to be/ V + than
… 
Ex: Far more cars are produced in Brazil than in Austria. 
In comparison to/with X, which verb, Y verb:
Ex: In comparison with the percentage of animals in Brazil, which experienced a slight
increase to 30,000 in 1997, the proportion in Korea dropped to 12,000 at this time.
Các danh từ, động từ thường dùng:

Xu hướng Dạng động từ Dạng danh từ

Tăng – rise / increase / go up / uplift / rocket(ed) / a rise / an increase / an upward

Increase  climb / upsurge / soar/ shot up/ improve/ trend / a growth / a leap / a
jump/ leap/ move upward/ skyrocket/ soar/ jump / an improvement/ a
surge. climb.

Giảm – fall / decrease / decline / plummet / plunge / a fall / a decrease / a reduction /

Decrease drop / reduce / collapse / deteriorate/ dip / a downward trends /a 
dive / go down / take a nosedive / slum / slide downward tendency / a decline/
/ go into free-fall. a drop / a slide / a collapse / a
downfall.

Ổn định – Stay unchanged / level out / remain constant / a steadiness/ a plateau / a

Steadiness remain steady / plateau / remain the same / stability/ a static
remain stable / remain static

Tăng đều – an upward trend / an upward

tendency / a ceiling trend

Giảm đều – a downward trend / a

downward tendency / a
descending trend

Chững level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant / No change, a flat, a plateau.

lại/phẳng remain(ed) unchanged / remain(ed) stable /
prevail(ed) consistency / plateaued /
reach(ed) a plateau / stay(ed) uniform
/immutable / level(ed) out/ stabilise/
 remain(ed) the same.

 
Từ vựng bổ trợ cho các danh từ, động từ biểu hiện xu thế:

Mức độ Dạng trạng từ Dạng tính từ

Rapid change dramatically / rapidly / sharply / dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick /

quickly / hurriedly / speedily / swiftly / hurried / speedy / swift /
significantly/ considerably / substantially significant / considerable /
/ noticeably. substantial / noticeable.

Moderate moderately / gradually / progressively / moderate / gradual / progressive / 

change sequentially.   sequential.

Steady change steadily/ ceaselessly steady/ ceaseless.

Slight change slightly / slowly / mildly / tediously. slight / slow / mild / tedious.