٢–١ :‫ رہ‬٥٦ : ١١٣ ‫………ا م آ د‬.

 ‫ و‬

Harald Motzki and ╓ad┘th:

A Review
Bilal Ahmed ‫ﺦ‬

ABSTRACT

Western ╒ad┘th studies have witnessed important

developments in recent years with an increased
interest in both its text and its textual vehicle,
generally known as matn and isn┐d respectively.
Earlier, a scholar would focus on one of these two
parts of ╒ad┘th and try to ascertain the history of
these texts, while considering the other less
important, sometimes even redundant. Harald
Motzki (1948-2019), a contemporary ╒ad┘th scholar, is
probably the scholar who led the way to a study of
╒ad┘th through his isn┐d-cum-matn analysis method.
His approach to the ╒ad┘th found a following in
contemporary Western ╒ad┘th studies while he was
alive. Many academics respect him for his direct
approach to the primary Islamic source texts, since
before him over theorization shrouded ╒ad┘th studies
in the West, rendering them generally unacceptable

‫ﺦ‬ Assistant Professor/Head Department of Comparative Religion, Faculty of

Islamic Studies (Usuluddin), International Islamic University, Islamabad.
(bilal.ahmad@iiu.edu.pk)
Fikr-o Nazar ١١٤ Vol: 56, Issue: 1-2

to Muslims at large. This paper, though an

introductory review of this important ╒ad┘th scholar,
is expected to provide the readers with a basic
framework for further ventures into his method.

‫ﺦﺦﺦﺦﺦ‬
٢–١ :‫ رہ‬٥٦ : ١١٥ ‫………ا م آ د‬.  ‫ و‬

:  ‫( اور‬Harald Motzki)    ‫را‬

‫ہ‬   ‫ا‬
‫خ‬
‫ل ا‬

   ‫م‬    ‫  م‬ ‘ ’      ‫ روا‬ ‫ ا‬ ،‫  ل  روا ت‬ ‫ت    ﷺ‬

        ‫ ور‬    ‫       ب‬،   ‫      ر‬   ‫ د‬  ‫    رے   آج    ف‬،
‫      ۔‬   ‫ا‬
        ‫ح    ا ل‬ ‫  ا‬Traditions ‘‫‘   ’روا ت‬ ’ ‫ب    آج‬
         ‫  ى‬  ‫  ۔‬      ‫ى روا ت اور روا ت  ت‬  ، ‫ ا د‬    ‫اور اس‬
(١)
 ‫  م‬ Origins    ‫  زف‬  ،  ‫ ا  ا   ڑ   آ ى‬ ‫ اس و‬  ‫ت‬  
  ‫   اس     ا‬    ‫ اس‬ ‫  ت  ار دے د   ۔ ا‬   ‘‫ اور  ر  ’روا ت‬      
 ‫   وا  ا ظ   ان دو ں ا م    م   روا ت‬    ،        ‫روا ت    ب      ت‬
 ‫’د   ت‘     ۔‬        ‫  ر    دى‬    ‫( اس د ے‬٢)‫  دان  ۔‬      
 ‫  ا‬، ‫ آ‬         ‫ روا ت ا‬    ‫ اور  ں‬       (٣)   ‫    د  ا ا‬
        ‫     آ  وا      ا  ا‬ ‫ اور ا‬      ‫د‬   ‫  د    اس و‬ ‫اس‬
(٤)
 ‫     اس‬ ‫   ز‬    ،      ‫ں‬    ‫ب   اس  اس راے‬ ‫  ا۔‬     ‫ د‬

‫ ا م آ د۔‬، ‫ور‬   ‫   ا ا  ا‬،( ‫ )ا ل ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫   ا‬،‫ اد ن‬    ‫ ر‬/  ‫  و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬
(bilal.ahmad@iiu.edu.pk)
1– Joseph Schacht, The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1979).
2– Schacht, “A Revaluation of Islamic Traditions,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society of Great Britain and Ireland, no. 2 (1949): 151,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/25222333, (accessed: 06/08/2011).
 ‫  ۔‬            ‫ ا م‬   ‫    د‬       ‫ان ا ا‬ –٣
4– Schacht, Origins, 240.
 Fikr-o Nazar ١١٦ Vol: 56, Issue: 1-2

    ‫(  اس‬٥)‫  ۔‬       ‫ ا ق  ا ر ؒى‬   ‫ آ ۔    ڈا‬          ‫ت‬   ‫ ان  ا‬

 ‫ د     م    ۔‬     ‫   ر ن‬         ‫ت‬     ‫  رے‬ ‘‫   ’روا ت‬ ‫و د‬
      ‫ ا‬،          ‫( و ہ‬٨)‫  ل‬   (٧)،‫(   ون‬٦)، ‫  ں    ؤ‬  ‫اس ر ن    ف‬
    ‫(  اورد‬١١) ‫(  ا‬١٠)، (٩)
، ‫ در ں   ا‬  ‫      ں۔ ا   ح‬        ‫ر‬
‫  ۔‬       ‫وں     ر‬    ‫ ر ن‬      ‫م‬
      ‫وں     م  ان  دو ں  ر ں    در ن‬ ‫ ا‬         ‫ اور  اس‬   ‫را‬
(١٤)
 ‫( اور‬١٣)‫   ز دہ  ل   ۔ اس    گ‬    ‫ د    آج‬    ‫ ر ن‬ ‫(    در‬١٢)‫۔‬

5- Zafar Ishaq Ansari, “The Early Development of Islamic Fiqh in Kūfah with
Special Reference to the Works of Abu Yūsuf and Shaybāni,”(PhD thesis,
McGill, 1966), 235-237.
6- N.J. Coulson, A History of Islamic Law (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press, 1964), 64-65.
7- Michael Cook and Patricia Crone, Hagarism (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1977), 152.
8- G.H.A. Juynboll, Muslim Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1985)
9- M. Mustafa al-Azmi, On Schacht’s Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence
(Riyadh: King Saud University, 1985).
10- Fuat Sezgin, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1967), 1: 53-
233.
11- Nabia Abbott, Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri II- Qur’┐nic Commentary and
Tradition (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1967), 2.
12- Bilal Ahmad, “Textual Criticism: A Comparative Study between the Methods
of Joseph Schacht and Harald Motzki in the Study of ╓ad┘th,” (PhD Thesis,
IIUI, 2016), 37.
13- Herbert Berg, "Competing Paradigms in the Study of Islamic Origins: Qur’┐n
15: 89-91 and the Value of Isn┐ds," in Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic
Origins ed. Herbert Berg, Islamic History and Civilization (Leiden: Brill, 2003),
262-280; Berg, “Review: Harald Motzki, The Origins of Islamic Jurisprudence:
Meccan Fiqh before the Classical Schools, trans. Marion H. Katz, Islamic
History and Civilization: Studies and Texts (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2002)”,
International Journal of Middle East Studies, 36:2 (2004): 288-289,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/3880042 accessed: 18/08/2011.
14- Gregor Schoeler, “The Constitution of the Koran as a Codified Work:
Paradigm for Codifying Hadīth and the Islamic Sciences?” Oral Tradition 25,
 ٢–١ :‫ رہ‬٥٦ : ١١٧ ‫………ا م آ د‬.  ‫ و‬

    ‫   ا‬   ‫  ا   ح‬،     ‫ ا ق‬       ‫  ح  ؤ‬  ،        ‫  م‬

 
‫رہ‬ ‫(     رہ    ا  ا‬١٥)‫ آ ۔‬       ‫ ا ف‬   ‫وں     اے    ا   ں    اس‬
‫  ۔‬  ‫ر ن   ز دہ‬
     ‫ ا  اور‬،    ‫    م‬    ‫    د روا ت‬  ،‫    وہ‬    ‫ ر ت    رہ‬
    ‫   ذر‬  :     ‫  ح د‬    ‫   وہ      ’روا ت‘    آج  ب‬،      ‫ں  ن‬
   ‫ں‬ ،  ‫    گ‬ ‫  ل      اور      ا‬       ‫     ذر‬  ،       ‫  زف‬
   ‫ت‬     ‫  م   ۔آج‬     ‫  وہ    آج   را‬ ‫  ًا  و   ً  د ۔  آ  ا‬ ‫ا‬
   ‫ ز ں    م‬   ‫     ا‬ ‫ اور اس‬   (١٦)‫ د   ۔‬ ‫ د‬  ‫ ر ن    ل‬ ‫ آ  ا‬
  ‫ اور    د‬    ‫     ا  ڈى‬    ‫  ا‬   ‫    ۔   اے‬  ‫  دى‬     ‫ ر      ا‬
(١٧ )
 ‫ا ق‬ ‫  رى۔اردو ز ن ا‬          ‫  وش‬      ‫     اردو   اس‬ ،  ‫  ت‬
 ‫ و‬       ‫  را‬     ‫ ا‬،    ‫    وت‬     ‫  ا‬  ‫ت‬  ‫  زہ‬  
      ‫ اس‬     ‫    اس‬،           ‫ ا ر     ر   ہ   ر  ذ   ر‬     ‫روا ت‬
 ‫    ۔‬  ‫    د ر‬                ‫ اس‬  ‫رف‬

‫ ا   رف‬:            ‫را‬

            ‫۔  ا ں      ا  ڈى‬  ‫    ا‬  ،     ‫ء‬١٩٤٨    ‫را‬

no. 1 (2010): 201-203, 206-207.

15- Andreas Görke, Harald Motzki, Gregor Schoeler, “First Century Sources for
the Life of Muḥammad: A Debate” Der Islam 89:1 (2012): 2-59.
16- Motzki, “Dating Muslim Traditions: A Survey,”in The ╓ad┘th, ed. Mustafa
Shah, (Oxon: Routledge, 2011), 2: 55.
17- Bilal Ahmad, “Textual Criticism: A Comparative Study between the Methods
of Joseph Schacht and Harald Motzki in the Study of ╓ad┘th”; Jonathan
Brown, Hadith (Oxford: One World, 2010); Bilal Ahmad, “Review: Jonathan
Brown, Hadith (Oxford: One World, 2010),” Islamic Studies 52:3-4 (2013): 403-407;
Stephen J. Shoemaker, “In Search of ‘Urwa’s Sira: Some Methodological Issues
in the Quest for‘Authenticity’ in the Life of Muhammad,” Der Islam 85:2 (2011),
257-344.
 Fikr-o Nazar ١١٨ Vol: 56, Issue: 1-2

   ‫ ڈا‬     ‫ء‬١٩٨٩ (١٨)‫۔‬     ‫ و‬    ‫ع‬     ‫اد ن‬   ‫   اور  اس  دوران‬

Die Anfange der Islamischen ‫۔  اس     ان‬  ‫  ں  م‬     ‫ ان    ا م‬
   ‫ى‬ ‫ اس    ا‬   ‫ء‬٢٠٠٢  ‫        ۔‬     ‫ ز ن‬   ‫ اور‬ Jurisprudenz
    ‫  ر      ا‬ ‫   ا‬ ‫(  اس‬١٩)‫  ا۔‬ Origins of Islamic Jurisprudence‫ان‬
      ‫   ا  اس    ان‬،    ‫  ا‬  ‫ع‬   ‫   اس‬ ‫ ا د‬     ‫     ں‬،     ‫   ا اء  اور  ار‬
 ‫   رد    اور‬   ‫   اس‬         ‫      ل   را      ا د‬   ‫ ذ  آ ۔   ں‬
  ‫   ء  ا‬،‫و  ا  د ر‬ ‫ ذ‬    ‫  ۔  ان‬     ‫   ا‬      ‫  ے‬    ‫  ى  ى‬
      ‫   و د‬     ‫ ا  ز ن  و   ن‬     ‫(  اس‬٢٠)‫  ۔‬   ‫ ا‬     ‫ا  ر ح  اور    ا‬
          ‫   آ   ۔   ے    د‬       ‫   راے‬   ‫  ا ت   ۔  راے‬
(٢١ )
‫    ۔‬    ‫ت‬   ‫ت       اس   آ  ا‬      ‫    رے‬
    ‫ اور‬ ‫ ا‬       ‫ ’روا ت‘   ر‬      ‫ں‬      
    ‫  ر‬ ‘‫ ’روا ت‬   ‫ دور‬   ‫ وہ‬   ‫  ۔  ان‬    ‫ت‬   ‫ ا‬   ‫ دو‬   ‫  رے‬
    ‫  ر‬     ،    ‫ ان     ر‬           ‫   ذ‬       ‫  رے‬

       ‫   ا   ز‬ ‫   آ  ا‬   (‫ء‬٢٠١٢ ، ‫؍د‬٢١)   ‫   وہ اى‬       ٔ  ‫ر‬     ‫اس‬ –١٨

 ‫۔‬
19- Harald Motzki, The Origins of Islamic Jurisprudence: Meccan Fiqh before the
Classical Schools (Leiden: Brill, 2002).
‫۔‬٢٨٤ –٢٧٧ ،  ‫ر‬   –٢٠
21- Harald Motzki, “Der Fiqh Des Zuhrī: Dei Quellenproblematik,” in Der Islam
68:1 (1991): 1-44; Harald Motzki, “The Muṣannaf of ʿAbd al-Razz┐q al-Sanʿ┐n┘ as a
Source of Authentic A╒┐d┘th of the First Century A. H.” Journal of Near
Eastern Studies 50:1 (1991): 1-21 accessed: http://www.jstor.org/stable/545412, on
22/02/2011; Harald Motzki, “Quo vadis, ╓ad┘t-Forschung? Eine kristische
Untersuchung von G.H.A. Juynboll: ‘N┐fi‘ the mawla of Ibn ‘Umar, and his
position in Muslim ╓ad┘th literature’,” Der Islam 73:1 (1996): 40-80; The
Encyclopedia of Islam, ed. C.E. Bosworth, new edition, (Leiden: Brill), 1995, s.v. “
‘Abd al-Razz┐k al-╗an‘┐n┘”.
٢–١ :‫ رہ‬٥٦ : ١١٩ ‫………ا م آ د‬.  ‫ و‬

      ‫ دو ں‬     ‫آ  ا‬   ‫   اور‬       ‫  ر‬   ‫ دو ں‬ ‫ و‬   ‫اور‬

(٢٢)
       ‫  ہ‬     ١٩٩٦  ‫ ذ‬         ‫ں         ورى      اس‬ ‫ د   ۔‬
(٢٣)
‫  ۔‬
  ‫ت     ۂا ز   ۔     ف‬    ‫ں‬         ‫  رت‬       ‫ا  آ  ا‬
   ‫(  ان‬٢٤)‫   آ   ۔‬      ‫ اس‬،  ‫ہ‬ ‫      د    ا‬  ‫ اور‬      ‫   اس‬
 ‫(  آ  وا   ر    اس‬٢٥)‫  ۔‬ ‫ راے  ر‬     ‫      رے‬ ‫ اور اس‬  ‫  گ‬     ‫وہ‬
  ‫    ں   ذ       ورى         ا  ار     ا     ر ر‬،        ‫    ر   ہ‬
‫د  ۔‬    ‫ت  رے  ر‬ ‫ آ    ا‬  ‫  ى اور‬    ‫ اور اس‬

‫   ا ل‬      ‫    د  ا د و‬
     ‫ دو ں‬  ‫ ان     اور‬   (Dating) ‫ ’روا ت‘   ر‬ ‫    د‬   ‫را‬
 ‫  ر      ض‬ ‫  ۔ اس    د  ا‬ ‘‫    ورت    ں     دو ں     ’روا ت‬     ‫ر‬
    ‫   ان‬     ‫ ا از‬     ‫  اور  روا ت‬،     ‫ رو‬      ‫  ت‬   ‫ ا‬       ‫   ان‬
     ،     ‫ت    رو‬  ‫  دہ‬         ‫    د  روا ت‬ ‫  ر    روح   ۔‬
 ‫ آ  اور‬                       ‫(  اس‬٢٦)‫ رو   ۔‬    ،    
‫    ر      ۔‬    
    ‫ت        اور  وہ  روا ت‬   ‫    ر  روا ت     دى‬   ،         ‫ ذ‬    

22- Harald Motzki, “Theme Issue: Methods of Dating Early Legal Traditions”,
Islamic Law and Society, 19: 1-2 (2012): 1-10; Harald Motzki, “Dating Muslim
Traditions: A Survey,” Arabica 52:2 (2005): 204-253.
23- Motzki.,“Quo vadis ╓ad┘t-Forschung?
24- Görke, Schoeler, Motzki, “First Century Sources for the Life of Muḥammad”
Sean W. Anthony, “Crime and Punishment in Early Medina: The Origins of a
Magh┐z┘ Tradition” in Analysing Muslim Traditions: Studies in Legal, Exegetical
and Magh┐z┘ ╓ad┘th, eds. Harald Motzki, Nicolet Boekhoff-van der Voort, and
Sean W. Anthony, (Leiden: Brill 2010), 385-466.
25- Brown, Hadith, 226; Bilal Ahmad, “Review: Jonathan Brown, Hadith”.
26- Motzki, The Origins, 18-49.
 ‫‪Fikr-o Nazar‬‬ ‫‪١٢٠‬‬ ‫‪Vol: 56, Issue: 1-2‬‬

‫ د  ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫           ا  ا   ا‬ ‫   د   ۔ ان    دى ‬ ‫ت   ‬ ‫ان ‬

‫   اور   اس‬ ‫    ر ‬ ‫ روا ت   روا ت    ر   د‬ ‫ ‬ ‫۔اس   ‬ ‫  ن و ا د ‬ ‫ ‬
‫     ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   د‬ ‫ اس   ‬ ‫     آرا ا‬ ‫  ر   ‬ ‫   ا  ا ل  ۔ ا‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ ‬ ‫   اور ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫     ا ل   روا ت    ر    ‬ ‫  ۔ ‬ ‫وں     ا  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫اس    ‬
‫ت   ں    د  ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫    ح ‬ ‫   اورروا ت     ر    ‬ ‫ در‬ ‫ ا ل  ا    ا‬
‫ ا  ڈا   ۔ اس‬ ‫   د      اس   اس  ر    ‬ ‫‪  ،‬و ں وہ  د   دوران  ر    ا  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫در‬
‫  ۔‬ ‫ں   ذ  آ  وا   ر     ‬ ‫ا  ‬
‫ آ    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ا ف  ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫   اس        ‬ ‫  ل ‬ ‫    وہ  وہ  ‬
‫ ‬ ‫    د     ض     ‬ ‫    ار           وہ  ا  ا   ۔ ‬ ‫    د      وہ ‬
‫) ‪(٢٧‬‬
‫۔‬
‫  ۔‬ ‫اس  ذ    ذ      ‬

‫  رت‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   و ‬ ‫   ‬
‫  ۔ ‬ ‫ ا  ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫   ا   وق   ‬ ‫  اً و  ً ا    روا   ں  ں وارد ‬ ‫ ‬
‫   ‬ ‫ت ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫   د   ۔ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫     ان    ‬ ‫ و      ‬ ‫اس      وہ  ‬
‫   ا    ‬ ‫  ر ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ اور ‬ ‫   وا    روا ت   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ز ۃ   اور دى  دار ا  ا  ا‬
‫‪isn┐d cum matn‬‬ ‫ اور   رہ  ا‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  ۔)‪  (٢٨‬اب   ب        ‬ ‫   ا  ‬ ‫ ‬
‫   او        ر   ۔ ‬ ‫‪   analysis‬م د    روا ت   ‬

‫   ‬ ‫ اور   ‬

‫‪27-‬‬ ‫‪Motzki, Origins, 24-25.‬‬

‫‪28-‬‬ ‫‪Harald Motzki, “The Murder of Ibn Ab┘l-Huqayq: On the Origin and‬‬
‫‪Reliability of some Magh┐z┘-Reports,” in The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue‬‬
‫‪of the Sources, ed. Harald Motzki, (Leiden: Brill. 2000), 170-239; Motzki,‬‬
‫‪Analysing, 90-121.‬‬
 ‫‪ ٥٦ :‬رہ‪٢–١ :‬‬ ‫‪١٢١‬‬ ‫ و  ‪……….‬ا م آ د‬

‫  ۔ ‬ ‫  ر   ا    ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ت‪ ،‬ا‬ ‫  ر        اد  ‬ ‫    د    ‬

‫  ق ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ڈ ل  د   ۔    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ى ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫  ل   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫    وق    ‬
‫  ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ز دہ   ق    ‬ ‫   ا  ‬ ‫ راوى  ‬ ‫  ۔)‪  (٢٩‬‬ ‫ ر  د‬ ‫   وا  ا از    ‬ ‫روا‬
‫ ‬ ‫ اور ‬ ‫ح اس   ‬ ‫ح   ‪       Common Link‬۔   ا‬ ‫   ا‬ ‫ا   ار   ‬
‫  اور   ‬ ‫ دو ں ا ب    د    ‪   Common Link‬‬ ‫ر   ۔)‪  (٣٠‬آ  ا‬ ‫ل   ا ل ‬
‫   ا   ب ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ا ف ‬ ‫ے ‬ ‫ اس ‬ ‫  ۔ ‬ ‫اس    م  ا ل   ر    و  اس     ‬
‫   ‬ ‫   اس  روا‬ ‫   ‬ ‫‪    ،‬وہ   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫‪  Common Link            Origins‬‬
‫   ‪ Common Link‬‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ت   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫۔)‪   (٣١‬ا  ا  ‬ ‫ر  ا از    ں   ‬
‫    دى ‬ ‫ ا ر     ۔ اس    و  اس     د          اس  ‬ ‫    ور  اور    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ وا‬ ‫ ‬
‫  ق ‬ ‫   ا س   ‬ ‫  ‪ ،‬ں   آ  ا‬ ‫  اد   ا  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ اور    اس    زہ ‬
‫اور ان    از   ۔ ‬
‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  ل    اس     ‬ ‫‪ ،‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ا  اس  ‬
‫ را ں     ن‬ ‫ وا‬ ‫  وع  ‬ ‫  ں ‬ ‫ں ‬ ‫  ے  ا د  ا ن  ‬ ‫  ل   ‬ ‫  زم   ۔  ‬
‫ آ  ‬ ‫  رى وہ  را‬ ‫ را ں  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  ۔  ا  روا‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ؓ    ر ل  ا مﷺ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫د      ‬
‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  ل اور ‬ ‫  ۔ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ر ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ را      ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   اور ا‬ ‫ آ‬
‫ ‬ ‫  ۔ ‬ ‫ں   ‬ ‫    ح اور او  ‬ ‫  دى ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ د      ‬ ‫ د‬ ‫ در ں   ‬ ‫ا دى ‬
‫ ‬ ‫      ق   ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫    ۔ ں   ‬ ‫ں ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  دہ    اور  ‬
‫  ۔‬ ‫   د‬ ‫ ‬

‫‪29-‬‬ ‫‪Motzki, “The Murder of Ibn Ab┘l-Huqayq”, 237-239; G. H. A. Juynboll, “Some‬‬

‫‪Isn┐d- Analytical Methods Illustrated on the Basis of Several Woman-‬‬
‫‪Demeaning Sayings from ╓ad┘th Literature”, Al-Qantara, 10:2 (1989): 345-384.‬‬
‫‪30-‬‬ ‫‪Motzki, “First Century Sources,” 43-45.‬‬
‫‪31-‬‬ ‫‪Motzki, Origins, 25.‬‬
Fikr-o Nazar ١٢٢ Vol: 56, Issue: 1-2

 ‫   اور وہ    ار‬   Dive    ‫  ل    د‬    ‫ا  ا  آدھ  خ اس  ار     آ‬

 ‫   اور اس‬  ‫ اس    ار       اور   اس    م ا ل‬              ‫  ؟   ا وہ‬    ‫   اور‬
     ‫ں‬  ‫  ل‬  ‫  ۔‬   ‫   اد‬   ‫   ا ء  ا  ا‬ ‫     ا م ﷺ‬، ؓ  ،    
(٣٢)
‫    ۔‬         ‫ آ  اور ا‬    ‫    ر‬     ‫   ا‬    

32- G. H. A. Juynboll, “(Re)Appraisal of Some Technical Terms in Ḥadīth Science,”

Islamic Law and Society, 8:3 (2001): 303-349, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3399448,
accessed: 27/08/2011.
‫‪ ٥٦ :‬رہ‪–١ :‬‬ ‫‪١٢٣‬‬ ‫ و  ‪……….‬ا م آ د‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫ وہ       ‪  Common Link‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   اس  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫اس      ‬

‫  ۔ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ا  ا از    ا د    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫     آ  ‬ ‫  ل   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫    ۔ ‬
‫   ‬ ‫   اس روا     ے ‬ ‫         ‪   Common Link‬وہ   آد    ‬ ‫  ر   ‬ ‫ا‬
‫   آ  ‬ ‫  ل   ا ف ‬ ‫ اور ‬ ‫ں      ۔ ں وہ ‬ ‫  ا ا د اس     ‬ ‫ں   ‬
‫     ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫    د  اس     ‬ ‫  ۔ ‬ ‫      د  ‪ Common Link‬روا    ‬
‫           ‬ ‫ ر      ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ا د اور ‬ ‫ ‪   ،‬اس    د  اس  ت   ‬ ‫وہ ا د ا      ‬
‫۔‬
‫     ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫      ار   اس   ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫            ‪ ،‬‬
‫)‪(٣٣‬‬
‫  ۔‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ت   وہ    ور     آ       ار   آ  وا  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  ‪    ،‬ا  ‬
‫   و ہ ‬ ‫    ار   ز   ر       ا    در       د            زم ‬ ‫   وہ ‬
‫ر   ‬ ‫   ا  ‬ ‫       وہ  در‬ ‫  ۔    اس  ‬ ‫  ور      اس        اور   خ  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫اس  ‬
‫   ر   ۔ اس  ت    ں       ‬ ‫   اور اس  ت    ى ا ن     وہ  ر    ز دہ   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ا‬
‫  ار   (    ا مﷺ  ‬ ‫ؒ)    ‬ ‫  ام�اور    ان    ‬ ‫       ا م  ﷺ اور  ‬
‫ ز دہ     ر ‬ ‫ اور  و  ‬ ‫ د  اور  آپﷺ  ‬ ‫ اور  آپﷺ‬ ‫ د  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ت    ز دہ  ‬
‫۔  ں   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ا    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ اور ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ان      ا   ى     وہ اس ذاتِ  رك   ‬
‫د      ان    روا ت ‬ ‫  وت  ‬ ‫  ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ اور  ان    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  زم      ان   ں      ﷺ‬
‫‘      ان ‬ ‫     آ   ۔   ں   ص   ر              ’‬ ‫   ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫ ز دہ      اور ‬
‫     ﷺ  ا ن و ا م   ‬ ‫ وہ   ‬ ‫      س  )‪   (٣٤‬ں   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ں     ﷺ‬

‫‪33-‬‬ ‫‪Goerke Motzki, Schoeler “First Century Sources,” 45.‬‬

‫‪34-‬‬ ‫‪Ansari, “Early Development”, 373.‬‬
 Fikr-o Nazar ١٢٤ Vol: 56, Issue: 1-
2

(٣٥ )
  ‫     آ  وا   ں‬       ‫ں   ا ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫     اور   ا ن      ت  ا۔‬
‫ہ د  ا  اور ان   أ ب      دق آ   ۔‬    ‫۔‬               ‫ر  و‬

   ‫ اور‬
 ‫ روا ت    ان‬  ‫  ۔‬   ‫ اور‬     ‫ ا ا‬      ‫      م‬      
      ‫     اس‬       ‫ اس‬       ٓ   ‫ اس    دو ا   م   ۔‬       ‫  وق‬  ‫ا ا‬
  ‫   آ   ۔‬   ‫ و د‬                 ‫ اس‬ ‫  ۔‬   ‫ ا ا ء   ن‬    
 ‫   ا ن‬  ‫     اس   وہ‬      ‫ اس‬      ‫  ہ‬    ‫ ان‬     ‫ ر‬   ‫  وق   ا‬
 ‫     ان   وق    او  راوى‬ ‫  اور    ان   ں    ا‬   ‫  وہ  اس    ا‬،     ‫وق‬
   ‫د راو ں‬    ‫  وہ اس  م‬،     ‫ا ظ   ا‬   ‫    وق‬  ‫(     ں  ں   ا اے‬٣٦)‫۔‬
   ‫ں   راوى ان‬      ‫    د  روا  ت‬       ‫ ذ‬    ‫  ۔  ں    ت‬
(٣٧ )
‫  ۔‬     ‫ و‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ اور‬  ‫    ر‬    ‫  ں‬    ‫  ر  رو   س‬    ‫     راے‬
         ‫ اس  م‬ ‫  ۔‬       ‫    ن   د‬  ‫  آں‬  ‫  ۔‬    
    ‫  ۔ر‬      ‫      ا‬،     ‫   روا‬   ‫ در‬   ‫       راوى‬
           ‫     اور اس   روا ت    وق‬ ‫      ا  ا‬،       ‫ر  دا    در‬

 ،‫ ت‬،‫وﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﻼح‬

ُ ،‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻋﻠﻮم اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬،‫  ا  ا ح‬ ‫   ا‬ ‫ن    ا‬
  –٣٥

‫۔‬٢٩٥   ٢٩١  ،(‫ء‬١٩٨٦ ،‫ دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ اﳌﻌﺎﴏ‬:‫   ) وت‬ ‫را‬

Fu’┐d Jabali, “A Study of the Companions of the Prophet: Geographical
Distribution and Political Alignments,”(Ph.D thesis, McGill, 1999), 68.
36- Motzki, “The Murder of Ibn Ab┘l-Huqayq”, 170-239; Harald Motzki, “Whither
Had┘th Studies”, in Analysing Muslim Traditions, eds. Harald Motzki, Nicolet
Boekhoff-van dervoort and Sean W. Anth’ony (Leiden: Brill, 2010), 90-121.
37- Harald Motzki, “The Murder of Ibn Ab┘l-╓uqayq”, 170.
 ‫‪ ٥٦ :‬رہ‪–١ :‬‬ ‫‪١٢٥‬‬ ‫ و  ‪……….‬ا م آ د‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫  ر    ‬ ‫‪  ،‬ں ں ‬ ‫  ۔اس   ‬ ‫  ت  ر  دا    ‬ ‫        ں     ا‬

‫م    ے  ۔‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   اس ا ق   ‬ ‫ے   و ں ں ان  ر‬
‫     اور ان ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   و‬ ‫  ار  ں   ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ن ‬ ‫    رے   ‬
‫    وح    ان   ن ‬ ‫  ۔)‪ (٣٨‬اس     وہ  ا د‬ ‫ رو  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ ا‬
‫ ‬ ‫   ان   وق    و‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  آں  ‬ ‫  ۔ ‬ ‫ ا از    وا  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  وق     ا ب    ‬
‫ ا   ۔ ‬ ‫    ظ ر  ‬ ‫   ان ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   آ   ۔‬

‫‪Isn┐d Cum Matn Analysis‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ِ     ‬ ‫    ‬

‫ ‬
‫   ‬ ‫ِ ‬ ‫   ’روا ت‘   رے    آرا‪      ،‬او  ذ         ‪ ،‬اس    ا د    ‬
‫ں     دور   ‬ ‫   آ     ں   وہ ‬ ‫    وم ‬ ‫  ر    ا ا   ں     ‬ ‫   ا‬
‫  اد ‬ ‫ دور      ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫   ‬ ‫    ر‬ ‫     ا از    د   ۔‬ ‫ا  روا  ‬
‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫ع   ‬ ‫     اور    اس  ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫د   ‬
‫۔‬
‫  وق ‬ ‫  ق اور ان   ا ظ     اور ‬ ‫ ا    روا ‘  ‬ ‫  ان   ا      ‬
‫ں   اد  اد   ا    د   ‪         ،‬‬ ‫  ‪ ،‬اور   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ر    ان   ‬ ‫ ‬
‫  ل     ا   ں     ا  اس ‬ ‫     اور  اس    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ں   ‬ ‫ِ   ار  اور     ِ   ار    دو  ‬
‫   د   ۔‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬
‫    م    ‪       ،‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫     ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫‪   ،‬‬ ‫اس     ا  ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ت ’روا ت‘   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ راو ں   را  ‬ ‫ ا  ڈا    ۔)‪  (٣٩‬‬ ‫ہ اس   ا د    ‬ ‫  ‬ ‫م د‬
‫ ا ظ   ’ا اء‘    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ا  رخ       آ            اور ‬ ‫ وا  روا ت    وق    از  ‬

‫ا  ا ح ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﻼح‪٩٥ ،٨٥ ،‬۔‬ ‫‪–٣٨‬‬

‫‪39-‬‬ ‫‪Bilal Ahmad, “Textual Criticism,” 188-193.‬‬
 ‫‪Fikr-o Nazar‬‬ ‫‪١٢٦‬‬ ‫‪Vol: 56, Issue: 1-2‬‬

‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ا د‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ا از  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ا ن   ۔  ا‬ ‫ آ  ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫  ارِ      اس  ‬

‫     دے ‬ ‫  اب   ا ق ا رىؒ   ان   ز‬ ‫     اور اس   او  ‬ ‫رے   ا      ‬
‫)‪(٤٠‬‬
‫ اوراق              ‬ ‫ ز دہ   ا   ۔‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ر     زم  ‬ ‫د   ۔ ‬
‫  ۔ ‬ ‫  اور   ا‬ ‫  ر     وا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫   ا از   ‬ ‫  وق    ‬
‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ِ  ا ظ  ‬ ‫    داً   داً ‬ ‫  ت       ‬ ‫ اور اس      ‬ ‫   ‬
‫  ‪:‬‬ ‫      ں ا    ‬ ‫ر  ن ‬ ‫ ذ  ‬ ‫  ۔)‪  (٤١‬اس    ف   ا  ‬ ‫و د ‬
‫ ‬ ‫ ا ظ     وق    ذ    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ’روا ت‘    ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫‪  –١‬ا  ا  ا‬
‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫  ۔  اس  ‬ ‫   اس    ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫۔   ﷺ   ں‪   ،‬ں  اور   ر ں    ‬
‫ اس  ح ذ     ‪” :‬ﳖﯽ اﻟﻨﺒﯽ‪ ؐ฀‬ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء واﻟﻮﻟﺪان‬ ‫    ادف ا ظ ‬ ‫راو ں   ‬

‫      ۔(‬ ‫ن    ں‪ /‬ں     ‬ ‫  ء    ر ں اور و ان‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬اﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎن“ )  ﷺ‬

‫   ر  ‬ ‫    ۔)‪ (٤٢‬ا    ‬ ‫    م  د‬ ‫ ا ظ    روا‬ ‫   ﷺ‬ ‫ان   وق    ‬

‫   د  ‬ ‫    ’  م  د ‘   ت  ا  ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ ا ظ     ے  ‬ ‫     روا ت     ﷺ‬
‫)‪(٤٣‬‬
‫۔‬
‫ راو ں    ا ظ            ذ   ۔   ں  ’  د ‘  ‬ ‫‪  –٢‬ز ۃ       رے    روا ت  ‬
‫   ‬ ‫      ف ا رے  ‪ ،‬‬ ‫  ﷺ‬ ‫ روا ت ‬ ‫ دو ‬ ‫‘‪   ،‬در‬ ‫ ‬ ‫اور ’  د‬
‫     روا ت    ‬ ‫  ۔)‪  (٤٤‬ا     ت  ذ    ر  ‬ ‫ن ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ ‬ ‫    وق  ا‬ ‫ ‬ ‫  ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ ا  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫     اس  ‬ ‫ ا ظ    ‬ ‫ﷺ‬
‫      ں۔‬
‫ر  اور  اس    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ا‬ ‫ روا‬ ‫ع ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ او ت            ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ وہ  ا‬ ‫    رے      ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫    ن د   ے۔اس  ‬

‫‪40-‬‬ ‫‪Ansari, “Early Development,”237-243.‬‬

‫‪41-‬‬ ‫‪Bilal Ahmad, “Textual Criticism,” 235-236.‬‬
‫‪42-‬‬ ‫‪Motzki, “The Murder of Ibn Ab┘l-Huqayq”, 191.‬‬
‫‪43-‬‬ ‫‪Bilal Ahmad, “Textual Criticism,” 185.‬‬
‫‪44-‬‬ ‫‪Motzki, “Whither Had┘th Studies?”, 101.‬‬
 –١ :‫ رہ‬٥٦ : ١٢٧ ‫………ا م آ د‬.  ‫ و‬
٢

  ‫ آ‬ ‫     ﷺ‬     ‫     وہ  روا‬         ‫     اس‬         ‫ ز‬ �

‫(      اس    د  اس روا     رے    ف ا  ا ازہ    ۔‬٤٥)،
 ‫   او ت  ا ف‬   ‫ آرا‬    ‫    رے‬         ‫وں    ا‬   ‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬   ‫۔‬٣
   ‫ ر ۔  ل    ر‬            ‫    اس   اس   ا  ا ا ت اس‬،   ‫   آ‬
 ‫؟ اس‬    ‫           ا   س� ا م‬       ‫   ا ا     وہ ا‬      ‫اس   وہ‬
 ‫   وہ‬  ،  ‫    ں   ا ف‬    ‫     اس  ت‬     ‫ں    ى  اد ا‬   ‫  د  ا‬
   ‫    ا  د      اس‬   ‫ن ا‬   ‫  اث   رو     رف    ا   ۔ ان     وہ ا‬
 ‫     و ہ‬  ‫م‬          ‫ت    ف ر ع‬  ‫ ان‬   (٤٦)‫  ۔‬    � ‫د  ا   س‬
 ‫ں    رے     د ى‬      (٤٧)‫  ۔‬   ‫ز     ا     ت   ر‬  ‫ق‬   ‫ا‬
      ‫  ۔  وہ  آن   ك     ف  دو‬     ‫   ا از‬     ‫  آں اس    اس  د ے‬      ‫ط‬
            ‫     ان    آز   ۔  ا   س    ا م‬ ‫ وا‬     ‫     اور  ا  ا د‬ ‫آ‬
 ‫  ؟‬           ‫ د‬               ‫ آ ں‬    ‫  ف  دو‬           
 ‫    ۔‬      ‫   اس‬    ‫اس    اب‬

      ‫  ى  ر‬  ‫ ا  دو ے        د  در‬ ‫روا ت     وق          ا‬

             ‫      ۔‬     ‫ و‬     ‫      ر‬             ‫   ان   وق‬
 ‫   ا   ت‬       ‫ د    آ   ۔ ر‬ ‫ت     د‬        ‫ وا  آرا اس‬    

45- Goerke Motzki, Schoeler, “First Century Sonrces”, 53.

46- Harald Motzki, "The Origins of Muslim Exegesis: A Debate," in Analysing
Muslim Traditions, eds. Harald Motzki, Nicolet Boekhoff-van der Voort, Sean
W. Anthony, (Leiden: Brill, 2010). 231-303.
47- Muj┐hid Mu╒ammad al-╗aww┐f, "Early Tafs┘r: A Survey of Qur’┐nic
Commentary up to 150 A.H.," in Islamic Perspectives: Studies in Honour of
Mawl┐n┐ Sayyid Abul A‘L┐ Mawd┴d┘, ed. Zafar Ishaq Ansari and Khurshid
Ahmad (Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 1980), 139.
‫‪Fikr-o Nazar‬‬ ‫‪١٢٨‬‬ ‫‪Vol: 56, Issue: 1-‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫ط ‬ ‫ را    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ر    اور اس   ‬ ‫    ر  ا از  ‬ ‫   ا ن دارى  ‬ ‫     وہ  ا رِ ‬

‫   روا ت آ  وا  ‬ ‫ د   ‪     ،‬ذر‬ ‫    ں د‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫    ۔ ں ان  ں   ا‬
‫  ۔‬ ‫ ا    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ت   در‬ ‫  ں    ر  ‬ ‫ں   ‬
‫ راے   د    دے  د  ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ اور اس  ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ا و ت    ا اض    اور    ‬ ‫ ‬
‫ ‬ ‫   اول ا‬ ‫ رد   ‪ ،‬‬ ‫  ت   ‬ ‫   د‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ا  او  ‬ ‫۔ اس   ا   ل ‬
‫   اس     د  دو ى   ى   ى    ‬ ‫  ‪ ،‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫    م  ذ  اس    ‬ ‫  د    د‬
‫   اس    ‬ ‫   )‬ ‫    ن      م ‬ ‫ اور          ‬ ‫  د ‬ ‫  ں    ‪ ،‬‬
‫   ‬ ‫ اور   م  ‬ ‫    وق    اس    راو ں     م  د‬ ‫  د   ‬ ‫  (‬ ‫ و ت  ‬
‫ ‬ ‫   وہ     راو ں   اس   ا‬ ‫   روا  دو ں    د  ا م   اور   ‬ ‫    ۔ ‬
‫ د  ‬ ‫   د‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫    ر    ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫۔   ‬ ‫     ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫۔‬
‫۔‬ ‫دہ  رت   ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫        ‪   ،‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫    ‬ ‫   ‬ ‫ ا از   ‬ ‫۔ ا  ‬

‫ﺦﺦﺦ ﺦﺦﺦ‬