Computer Network and Security (CNS)

(404182)
B.E. (E&TC) Sem. - I Academic Year-2020-21
PVG’s COET Pune 09Page 1
PVG's College of Engineering and Technology, Pune-411009
Accredited by NAAC with Grade “A”
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Assignment 10: Installation & configuration of File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server
Class: B.E. Division: I
Roll No: 8052, 8061, 8047
Date of performance: Date of Submission:
Signature of the subject teacher:

Name: Neha Ravindra Mothe

Roll No: 8052
Name: Satyam Katakwar
Roll No: 8061
Name: Hitesh Agarwal
Roll No: 8047

Q.1 Sensors:
LM35 Temperature sensor
LM35 is an analog, linear temperature sensor whose output voltage varies
linearly with change in temperature. LM35 is three terminal linear
temperature sensors from National semiconductors. It can measure
temperature from-55 degree Celsius to +150 degree Celsius. The voltage
output of the LM35 increases 10mV per degree Celsius rise in
temperature. LM35 can be operated from a 5V supply and the stand by
current is less than 60uA. The pin out of LM35 is shown in the figure
below.
Working Principle:
● The basic principle of working of the temperature sensors is the
voltage across the diode terminals. If the voltage increases, the
temperature also rises, followed by a voltage drop between the
transistor terminals of base and emitter
in a diode.
Diagram:
 ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y8th_sheCU&t=363s
Application:

● Motors– there are many different aspects of motors and most of

these require temperature measurement to ensure the motor itself
does not overheat.
● Surface plates – ring terminal temperature sensors are often used
on surface plates as they can be mounted onto a flat surface and
measure temperature effectively.
● Home appliances – kettles, toasters, washing machines,
dishwashers and coffee machines will all contain temperature
sensors.
● Industrial equipment – temperature sensors used within these
applications will need to be robust as the environment can be
very demanding.
● Warming Electrical Radiators – NTC thermistors are used to
control the heat on electric radiators.
● Poultry Farm – In poultry farm controlling the temp is really
important, so we the help of temperature we be able to monitor the
temperature in the poultry farm.

Actuators:
An actuator is a machine part that initiates movements by receiving
feedback from a control signal. Once it has power, the actuator creates
specific motions depending on the purpose of the machine.
Working principle:
● Hydraulic actuators use liquid pressure rather than instrument air
pressure to apply force on the diaphragm to move the valve
actuator and then to position valve stem.

● Nearly all hydraulic actuator designs use a piston rather than a

diaphragm to convert fluid pressure into mechanical force.

Diagram:

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClOXkkVDIiY

Application:
 ● winches and crane drives
● wheel motors for military vehicles
● self-driven cranes and excavators.
● Conveyor and feeder drives, mixer and agitator drives, roll
mills, drum drives for digesters, trommels and kilns
● shredders for cars, tyres, cable and general garbage.

Q.2 Working of RFID Tag

● A RFID reader stays powered on all the time and is
normally powered from an external power source. So when it
is ON, the oscillator in it generates a signal with a desired
frequency but as the signal strength will be very less (which
may lead to fading off the signal if it is transmitted directly)
it has to be amplified which can be done using an amplifier
circuit, inorder to propogate the signal to a longer distance
we need to modulate the signal which is done by amodulator.
● With all these improvements the signal is now ready to
be transmitted which can be done by an antenna which
converts the electrical signal into a electromagnetic signal.
● The RFID reader signals are everywhere with it’s promity to
detect a tag.
● When a RFID tag comes in the proximity of the RFID
reader the tag detects the readers signal through a coil
present in it which converts the received RF signal into a
electrical signal.
● This converted signal alone is sufficient to power up the
microchip present in the tag.
● Once the microchip gets powered up, its function is to send
the data (unique ID) which it is stored in it. The same way the
signal came in, it is sent out through the same coil into the air.
● As discussed earlier the RFID reader also has a transceiver in it.
● When the signal comes back from the tag through the
antenna of RFID reader it is fed to the demodulator and then
decoded by a decoder where the original data can be
obtained andthen further processed by a microcontroller or a
microprocessor to perform a specific task.
 ● This is for a passive RFID tag. In case of an active RFID tag
it detects the signal from the reader only to trigger the circuit
and make the tag ready to send the data to the reader, since
active tags have built-in power source.

Q.3 List components of WSN

The components of WSN system are:

● sensor node
● rely node
● actor node
● cluster head
● gateway
● base station

Node:
● A sensor node is made up of four basic components
such as sensing unit,processing unit, transceiver unit
and a power unit.
● It also has application dependent additional
components such as a locationfinding system, a
power generator and a mobilizer.
● Sensing units are usually composed of two subunits:
sensors and analogue todigital converters (ADCs).
● The analogue signals produced by the sensors are
converted to digital signals bythe ADC, and then fed
into the processing unit.
● The processing unit is generally associated with a small
storage unit and it canmanage the procedures that make
the sensor node collaborate with the other nodes to carry
out the assigned sensing tasks.
● A transceiver unit connects the node to the
network. One of the mostimportant components
of a sensor node is the power unit.
● Power units can be supported by a power scavenging
unit such as solar cells. Theother subunits, of the node
are application dependent.