Major Project

on
Circuit Breaker Control and Transmission Line Fault
Detection using IOT

Internal Guide : Presentation by :

Mr. CH. Sriram Md. Nasrin Sulthana(16831A0232)
Assistant Professor N. Shivarjun(16831A0236)
Department of R. Hari Priya(16831A0244)
Electrical and Electronics Engineering S. Harish Kumar(16831A0247)
List of contents
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Block diagram
• Proposed method
• Hardware components required
• Implementation
• Kit diagram
• Results
• Future scope
• Advantages
• Conclusion
Abstract :

• In this project we are going to design and implement IOT technology to

control the circuit breaker and to detect the faults in the transmission lines.

• In this project we are going to detect the faults like line broken, over
voltage, short circuit and fire detection by NodeMCU and Arduino IDE
software. Thus we can detect the faults easily , based on the type of the
fault occurred, we take the according measures.
Introduction :

• The detection of faults has been a goal since creation of

distribution and transmission system. The detection of faults in
power transmission lines is essential for protection and
maintenance of a power system.

• Thus internet of things made easy for finding the faults in

transmission line occurred at a distance on the system and
controlling of circuit breaker.
Block diagram :

Power supplyPP

bkBlynk 4 230v
channel Bulbs power
relay supply
NodeMCU
Flame
sensor

Mobile Voltage sensor

Transmission
buzzer
lines
battery
Proposed method :

• Now days electrical accidents to line man are increasing, while

repairing the electrical lines due lack of communication between
electrical substation and line staff. In order to overcome these
difficulties we are proposing a new method by using IOT.

• By connecting all the load and transmission lines to a Wi-Fi network

and switching on and off through mobile phone, by using blynk app
and NodeMCU.
Internet Of Things (IOT) :

• IOT can be described as connecting everyday objects like smart phones

,TVs, sensors and actuators to the internet between things and people,
between things themselves .

• The development of IOT will revolutionize number of sectors, from

automation, transportation, healthcare, financial services to nanotechnology.
It also helps to create a new concept and wide development space for finding
the faults in the power systems in order save time, effort and manpower .
Hardware components required :

• NodeMCU
• Flame sensor
• 4 Channel Relay
• Voltage sensor
• Buzzer
• Bulbs
• Battery
Node MCU:

• Node MCU is an open source platform. It includes

firmware which runs on the ESP8266, Wi-Fi System
On Chip ( SOC) .

• The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a self contained SOC

with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give
any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network .
• It is like arduino hardware with a input and output built in the
board itself. It has also a Wi-Fi in built to connect directly to
internet to control things online which is connected to code
running on the board.
Pin description :

• It consists of D0 to D12 pins.

• Out of 0-16 pins only we are using 11 GPIO pins remaining are used for
internally interface with other components of the SOC, like flash memory.

• Now again 2 pins out 11 are generally reversed for RX and TX in order to
communicate with a host PC from which complied object code is downloaded

• Hence finally this leaves just 9 GPIO pins i.e. , D0 to D8.

• RX, TX , SD2, SD3 are mostly used for internal process.

Node MCU pins :
Flame sensor :

• Flame sensor is a device which is used to detect

the presence of fire in its surrounding. There are
 
many types of flame sensors available such as
Infrared Flame sensor, Ultraviolet flame sensor
etc. In this project we will be using Infrared
Flame Sensor to detect the fire.
4 Channel Relay :

This is a 5V 4-channel relay interface board, and each

channel needs a 15-20mA driver current. It can be used to
control various appliances and equipment with large
current. It is equipped with high-current relays that work
under AC250V 10A or DC30V 10A. It has a standard
interface that can be controlled directly by microcontroller.
Normally open contact (NO) : NO is also called a make contact .It closes the
circuit when the relay is activated , it disconnects the circuit when the relay
is inactive .

Normally closed contact (NC) : NC is also known as break contact. This is

opposite to the NO contact.

Change over (CO) / Double -throw (DT) contacts : They are used to control
a NO contact and also a NC contact with a common terminal. According to
their type they are called as break before make and make before break .
Applications of Relay :

• Relays are used to realize logic functions

• Home automation projects to switch AC loads

• To control heavy loads at a pre-order determined time

• To control motors, glass doors etc..., in automobiles

Voltage sensor :

• A voltage sensor is a sensor used to calculate and monitor

the amount of voltage in an object. Voltage sensors can
determine both the AC voltage or DC voltage level. The
input of this sensor can be the voltage whereas the output
is the switches, analog voltage signal, a current signal, an
audible signal, etc.
Buzzer:
• There are two types of buzzers, Passive buzzers such as this
one and Active buzzers.
• An active buzzer will generate a tone using an internal
oscillator, so all that is needed is a DC voltage. A passive
buzzer requires an AC signal to make a sound. It is like an
electromagnetic speaker, where a changing input signal
produces the sound, rather than producing a tone
automatically.
Blynk app :
• It is platform with IOS and android apps to control arduino, raspberry
pi, node MCU.

• It's a digital dashboard where we can build a graphic interface for our
project by simply dragging and dropping widgets .

• Every time when we press a button in the blynk app, the message
travels to space into the blynk cloud , where it magically finds its way to
our hardware it works the same in the opposite direction .
Blynk app working principle :
Kit Diagram :
Results :

• Controlling of loads using blynk app

• When a transmission line is broken at a distance
• When a transmission line is shorted
• When overvoltage is detected
Implementation :

• User has to install the Blynk app in android mobile and also install the
Arduino IDE along with packages for ESP8266 and Node MCU.
• In the Blynk app we have to login first and create new project .we will
get an authentication token to our mail which can used in the program.
• Then we should pair up the program with Blynk app with authentication
token received to our mail.
• Then upload program to NodeMCU and connect the required
components to the NodeMCU pins.
• Operate the devices with the Blynk app.  
Advantages :

• Avoids electrical accidents to lineman.

• Economically reliable and low cost.

• Coverage range more compared to the existing system.

• Easy to detect the faults.

Future scope :

• This system can be improved further for detection along with

auto correction of the faulted lines.

• Further used for detection of underground cable fault detection.

Conclusion :

• The proposed method comprises of easy detection of faults in the

transmission lines and monitoring of circuit breaker, which improves
line safety of the line men.

• By using this method we can control all the loads located in various
locations from a control room at any time. This method very secured,
authenticated persons can only control the loads.