Mar

athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune

Exper
imentNo.
:5

Exper
imentName:
Powerqual
i
tyaudi
tofi
nst
it
uteordepar
tment

Dat
eofper
for
mance:

Dat
eofCompl
eti
on:

Si
gnat
ureofSt
aff
:

Remar
ks:

TI
TLE:
Powerqual
i
tyaudi
tofi
nst
it
uteordepar
tment
El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune

AI
M:Powerqual
i
tyaudi
tofi
nst
it
uteordepar
tment

APPARATUS:
1.PowerQual
i
tyAnal
yser

THEORY:

Anener
gyaudi
tisani
nspect
ion,sur
veyandanal
ysi
sofener
gy
f
lowsf
orener
gyconser
vat
ioni
nabui
l
ding,pr
ocessorsy
stem t
o
r
educet
heamountofener
gyi
nputi
ntot
hesy
stem wi
thoutnegat
ivel
y
af
fect
ingt
heout
put
(s)
.Incommer
cialandi
ndust
ri
alr
ealest
ate,an
ener
gyaudi
tist
hef
ir
stst
epi
nident
if
yingoppor
tuni
ti
est
oreduce
ener
gyexpenseandcar
bonf
oot
pri
nts.

Whent
heobj
ectofst
udyi
sanoccupi
edbui
l
dingt
henr
educi
ngener
gy
consumpt
ionwhi
l
emai
ntai
ningori
mpr
ovi
nghumancomf
ort
,heal
th
and saf
etyar
eofpr
imar
yconcer
n.Bey
ond si
mpl
yident
if
ying t
he
sour
cesofener
gyuse,anener
gyaudi
tseekst
opr
ior
it
izet
heener
gy
usesaccor
dingt
othegr
eat
estt
oleastcostef
fect
iveoppor
tuni
ti
esf
or
ener
gysav
ings.

Ty
pesofener
gyaudi
t

Thet
erm ener
gyaudi
tiscommonl
yusedt
odescr
ibeabr
oad
spect
rum ofener
gyst
udi
esr
angi
ngf
rom aqui
ckwal
k-t
hroughofa
f
aci
l
ityt
oident
if
ymaj
orpr
obl
em ar
east
oacompr
ehensi
veanal
ysi
sof
t
hei
mpl
i
cat
ionsofal
ter
nat
iveener
gyef
fi
ci
encymeasur
essuf
fi
ci
ent
t
osat
isf
ythef
inanci
alcr
it
eri
aofsophi
sti
cat
edi
nvest
ors.Numer
ous
audi
tpr
ocedur
eshav
ebeendev
elopedf
ornon-
resi
dent
ial(
ter
ti
ary
)
[
12] [
13]
bui
l
dings(
ASHRAE; I
EA-
EBC Annex11; Kr
art
i,2000)
.Audi
tis
r
equi
red t
oident
if
ythe mostef
fi
cientand cost
-ef
fect
ive Ener
gy
Conser
vat
ion Oppor
tuni
ti
es (
ECOs)orMeasur
es (
ECMs)
.Ener
gy

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
conser
vat
ion oppor
tuni
ti
es (
or measur
es) can consi
st i
n mor
e
ef
fi
cientuse orofpar
ti
alorgl
obalr
epl
acementoft
he exi
sti
ng
i
nst
all
ati
on.

Whenl
ooki
ngt
otheexi
sti
ngaudi
tmet
hodol
ogi
esdev
elopedi
nIEA
EBCAnnex11,byASHRAEandbyKr
art
i(2000)
,itappear
sthatt
he
mai
nissuesofanaudi
tpr
ocessar
e:

 Theanal
ysi
sofbui
l
dingandut
il
it
ydat
a,i
ncl
udi
ngst
udyoft
he
i
nst
all
edequi
pmentandanal
ysi
sofener
gybi
l
ls;
 Thesur
veyoft
her
eal
oper
ati
ngcondi
ti
ons;
 The under
standi
ng of t
he bui
l
ding behav
iour and of t
he
i
nter
act
ionswi
thweat
her
,occupancyandoper
ati
ngschedul
es;
 The sel
ect
ion and t
he ev
aluat
ion of ener
gy conser
vat
ion
measur
es;
 Theest
imat
ionofener
gysav
ingpot
ent
ial
;
 Thei
dent
if
icat
ionofcust
omerconcer
nsandneeds.

Commont
ypes/
lev
elsofener
gyaudi
tsar
edi
sti
ngui
shedbel
ow,
al
thought
heact
ualt
asksper
for
medandl
evelofef
for
tmayv
arywi
th
t
heconsul
tantpr
ovi
dingser
vicesundert
hesebr
oadheadi
ngs.The
onl
ywayt
oensur
ethatapr
oposedaudi
twi
l
lmeety
ourspeci
fi
cneeds
i
stospel
loutt
hoser
equi
rement
sinadet
ail
edscopeofwor
k.Taki
ng
t
het
imet
opr
epar
eaf
ormalsol
i
cit
ati
onwi
l
lal
soassur
ethebui
l
ding
ownerofr
ecei
vi
ngcompet
it
iveandcompar
abl
epr
oposal
s.

Gener
all
y,f
ourl
evel
sofanal
ysi
scanbeout
li
ned(
ASHRAE)
:

 Lev
el0 – Benchmar
king:Thi
sfi
rstanal
ysi
s consi
stsi
na
pr
eli
minar
yWhol
eBui
l
dingEner
gyUse(
WBEU)anal
ysi
sbased
ont
heanal
ysi
soft
hehi
stor
icut
il
it
yuseandcost
sandt
he

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
compar
isonoft
heper
for
mancesoft
hebui
l
dingst
othoseof
si
mil
arbui
l
dings.Thi
sbenchmar
kingoft
hest
udi
edi
nst
all
ati
on
al
l
owsdet
ermi
ningi
ffur
theranal
ysi
sisr
equi
red;
 Lev
elI– Wal
k-t
hrough audi
t:Pr
eli
minar
yanal
ysi
s made t
o
assessbui
l
dingener
gyef
fi
ciencyt
oident
if
ynotonl
ysi
mpl
eand
l
ow-
costi
mpr
ovement
sbutal
soal
i
stofener
gyconser
vat
ion
measur
es(
ECMs,orener
gyconser
vat
ionoppor
tuni
ti
es,ECOs)
t
oor
ientt
hef
utur
edet
ail
edaudi
t.Thi
sinspect
ioni
sbasedon
v
isualv
eri
fi
cat
ions,st
udyofi
nst
all
edequi
pmentandoper
ati
ng
dat
a and det
ail
ed anal
ysi
s ofr
ecor
ded ener
gyconsumpt
ion
col
l
ect
eddur
ingt
hebenchmar
kingphase;
 Lev
elI
I–Det
ail
ed/
Gener
alener
gyaudi
t:Basedont
her
esul
tsof
t
hepr
e-audi
t,t
hist
ypeofener
gyaudi
tconsi
stsi
nener
gyuse
sur
veyi
n or
dert
o pr
ovi
dea compr
ehensi
veanal
ysi
soft
he
st
udi
edi
nst
all
ati
on,amor
edet
ail
edanal
ysi
soft
hef
aci
l
ity
,a
br
eakdownoft
heener
gyuseandaf
ir
stquant
it
ati
veev
aluat
ion
oft
heECOs/
ECMssel
ect
edt
ocor
rectt
hedef
ect
sori
mpr
ove
t
he exi
sti
ng i
nst
all
ati
on.Thi
slev
elofanal
ysi
s can i
nvol
ve
adv
ancedon-
sit
emeasur
ement
sandsophi
sti
cat
edcomput
er
basedsi
mul
ati
ont
ool
stoev
aluat
epr
eci
sel
ythesel
ect
edener
gy
r
etr
ofi
ts;
 Lev
elI
II–I
nvest
ment
-Gr
adeaudi
t:Det
ail
edAnal
ysi
sofCapi
tal
-
I
ntensi
ve Modi
fi
cat
ions f
ocusi
ng on pot
ent
ialcost
ly ECOs
r
equi
ri
ngr
igor
ousengi
neer
ingst
udy
.

Ty
pe’
sOfAudi
t:

1)Pr
eli
minar
yaudi
t

Thepr
eli
minar
yaudi
t(al
ter
nat
ivel
ycal
l
edasi
mpl
eaudi
t,scr
eeni
ng
audi
torwal
k-t
hroughaudi
t)i
sthesi
mpl
estandqui
ckestt
ypeofaudi
t.
I
tinv
olv
esmi
nimali
nter
viewswi
thsi
te-
oper
ati
ngper
sonnel
,abr
ief

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
r
evi
ew off
aci
l
ityut
il
it
ybi
l
lsandot
heroper
ati
ngdat
a,andawal
k-
t
hroughoft
hef
aci
l
ityt
obecomef
ami
l
iarwi
tht
hebui
l
dingoper
ati
on
andt
oident
if
yanygl
ari
ngar
easofener
gywast
eori
nef
fi
ci
ency
.

Ty
pical
l
y,onl
ymaj
orpr
obl
em ar
easwi
l
lbecov
ereddur
ingt
hist
ypeof
audi
t.Cor
rect
ivemeasur
esar
ebr
ief
lydescr
ibed,andqui
ckest
imat
es
ofi
mpl
ement
ati
oncost
,pot
ent
ialoper
ati
ngcostsav
ings,andsi
mpl
e
pay
back per
iods ar
e pr
ovi
ded. A l
i
st of ener
gy conser
vat
ion
measur
es(
ECMs, or ener
gy conser
vat
ion oppor
tuni
ti
es, ECOs)
r
equi
ri
ngf
urt
herconsi
der
ati
oni
sal
sopr
ovi
ded.Thi
slev
elofdet
ail
,
whi
l
enotsuf
fi
cientf
orr
eachi
ngaf
inaldeci
si
ononi
mpl
ement
ing
pr
oposedmeasur
e,i
sadequat
etopr
ior
it
izeener
gy-
eff
ici
encypr
oject
s
andt
odet
ermi
net
heneedf
oramor
edet
ail
edaudi
t.

2)Gener
alaudi
t
Thegener
alaudi
t(al
ter
nat
ivel
ycal
l
edami
ni-
audi
t,si
teener
gyaudi
tor
det
ail
edener
gyaudi
torcompl
etesi
teener
gyaudi
t)expandsont
he
pr
eli
minar
y audi
t descr
ibed abov
e by col
l
ect
ing mor
e det
ail
ed
i
nfor
mat
ionaboutf
aci
l
ityoper
ati
onandbyper
for
mingamor
edet
ail
ed
ev
aluat
ionofener
gyconser
vat
ionmeasur
es.Ut
il
it
ybi
l
lsar
ecol
l
ect
ed
f
ora12-t
o36-
mont
hper
iodt
oal
l
ow t
heaudi
tort
oev
aluat
ethe
f
aci
l
ity
'sener
gydemandr
atest
ruct
uresandener
gyusagepr
ofi
l
es.I
f
i
nter
valmet
erdat
aisav
ail
abl
e,t
hedet
ail
edener
gypr
ofi
l
est
hatsuch
dat
amakespossi
blewi
l
lty
pical
l
ybeanal
yzedf
orsi
gnsofener
gy
[
14]
wast
e. Addi
ti
onalmet
eri
ngofspeci
fi
cener
gy-
consumi
ngsy
stems
i
sof
tenper
for
medt
osuppl
ementut
il
it
ydat
a.I
n-dept
hint
erv
iewswi
th
f
aci
l
ity oper
ati
ng per
sonnelar
e conduct
ed t
o pr
ovi
de a bet
ter
under
standi
ng ofmaj
orener
gy consumi
ng sy
stems and t
o gai
n
i
nsi
ghti
ntoshor
tandl
ongert
erm ener
gyconsumpt
ionpat
ter
ns.Thi
s
t
ypeofaudi
twi
l
lbeabl
etoi
dent
if
yal
lener
gy-
conser
vat
ionmeasur
es
appr
opr
iat
efort
hef
aci
l
ity
,gi
veni
tsoper
ati
ngpar
amet
ers.Adet
ail
ed

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
f
inanci
alanal
ysi
sisper
for
medf
oreachmeasur
ebasedondet
ail
ed
i
mpl
ement
ati
oncostest
imat
es;si
te-
speci
fi
coper
ati
ngcostsav
ings,
andt
hecust
omer
'si
nvest
mentcr
it
eri
a.Suf
fi
ci
entdet
aili
spr
ovi
dedt
o
j
ust
if
ypr
ojecti
mpl
ement
ati
on.Theev
olut
ionofcl
oud-
basedener
gy
audi
ti
ngsof
twar
epl
atf
ormsi
senabl
i
ngt
hemanager
sofcommer
cial
bui
l
dingst
ocol
l
abor
atewi
thgener
alandspeci
alt
ytr
adescont
ract
ors
[
15]
i
n per
for
ming gener
aland ener
gy sy
stem-
speci
fi
c audi
ts. The
benef
itofsof
twar
e-enabl
edcol
l
abor
ati
oni
stheabi
l
ityt
oident
if
ythe
f
ullr
angeofener
gyef
fi
ciencyopt
ionst
hatmaybeappl
i
cabl
etot
he
speci
fi
c bui
l
ding underst
udy wi
th"
li
vet
ime"costand benef
it
est
imat
essuppl
i
edbyl
ocal
cont
ract
ors.

3)I
nvest
ment
-gr
adeaudi
t
I
n most cor
por
ate set
ti
ngs, upgr
ades t
o a f
aci
l
ity
's ener
gy
i
nfr
ast
ruct
ure mustcompet
eforcapi
talf
undi
ng wi
th non-
ener
gy-
r
elat
ed i
nvest
ment
s.Bot
hener
gyand non-
ener
gyi
nvest
ment
sar
e
r
atedonasi
ngl
esetoff
inanci
alcr
it
eri
athatgener
all
yst
resst
he
expect
edr
etur
noni
nvest
ment(
ROI
).Thepr
oject
edoper
ati
ngsav
ings
f
rom t
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onofener
gypr
oject
smustbedev
elopedsuch
t
hatt
heypr
ovi
deahi
ghl
evelofconf
idence.I
nfact
,inv
est
orsof
ten
demandguar
ant
eedsav
ings.Thei
nvest
ment
-gr
adeaudi
texpandson
t
he det
ail
ed audi
t descr
ibed abov
e and r
eli
es on a compl
ete
engi
neer
ingst
udyi
nor
dert
odet
ailt
echni
calandeconomi
cali
ssues
necessar
ytoj
ust
if
ythei
nvest
mentr
elat
edt
othet
ransf
ormat
ions.

Speci
fi
caudi
ttechni
ques

1)I
nfr
aredt
her
mogr
aphyaudi
t

Theadv
entofhi
ghr
esol
uti
ont
her
mogr
aphyhasenabl
edi
nspect
orst
o
i
dent
if
ypot
ent
iali
ssueswi
thi
nthe bui
l
ding env
elope byt
aki
ng a
t
her
mali
mageoft
hev
ari
oussur
facesofabui
l
ding.Forpur
posesof

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
anener
gyaudi
t,t
het
her
mogr
apherwi
l
lanal
yzet
hepat
ter
nswi
thi
nthe
sur
facet
emper
atur
est
oident
if
yheatt
ransf
ert
hroughconv
ect
ion,
r
adi
ati
on,
orconduct
ion.I
tisi
mpor
tantt
onot
ethatt
het
her
mogr
aphy
ONLYi
dent
if
iesSURFACEt
emper
atur
es,
andanal
ysi
smustbeappl
i
ed
t
o det
ermi
ne t
he r
easons f
or t
he pat
ter
ns wi
thi
nthe sur
face
t
emper
atur
es.Ther
malanal
ysi
sofahomegener
all
ycost
sbet
ween
300and600dol
l
ars.

Fort
hosewhocannotaf
for
dat
her
mali
nspect
ion,
iti
spossi
blet
oget
a gener
alf
eelf
ort
he heatl
oss wi
th a non cont
acti
nfr
ared
t
her
momet
erandsev
eralsheet
sofr
efl
ect
ivei
nsul
ati
on.Themet
hod
i
nvol
vesmeasur
ingt
het
emper
atur
esont
hei
nsi
desur
facesofsev
eral
ext
eri
orwal
l
stoest
abl
i
shbasel
i
net
emper
atur
es.Af
tert
his,r
efl
ect
ive
bar
ri
eri
nsul
ati
oni
stapedsecur
elyt
othewal
l
sin8-
foot(
2.4 
m)by1.
5
-
foot(
0.46 
m)st
ri
psandt
het
emper
atur
esar
emeasur
edi
nthecent
er
oft
hei
nsul
atedar
easat1houri
nter
val
sfor12hour
s(Ther
efl
ect
ive
bar
ri
eri
spul
l
edawayf
rom t
hewal
ltomeasur
ethet
emper
atur
eint
he
cent
eroft
hear
eawhi
chi
thascov
ered.
).Thebestmanneri
nwhi
cht
o
dot
hisi
swhent
het
emper
atur
edi
ff
erent
ial(
Del
taT)bet
weent
he
i
nsi
deandout
sideoft
hest
ruct
urei
satl
east40degr
ees.A wel
l
i
nsul
atedwal
lwi
l
lcommonl
ychangeappr
oxi
mat
ely1degr
eeperhour
i
fthedi
ff
erencebet
weenext
ernalandi
nter
nalt
emper
atur
esi
san
av
erageof40degr
ees.Apoor
lyi
nsul
atedwal
lcandr
opasmuchas
10degr
eesi
nanhour
.

2)Pol
l
uti
onaudi
ts

Wi
thi
ncr
eases i
n car
bon di
oxi
de emi
ssi
ons orot
hergr
eenhouse
gases,pol
l
uti
onaudi
tsar
enow apr
omi
nentf
act
ori
nmostener
gy
audi
ts.I
mpl
ement
ingener
gyef
fi
cientt
echnol
ogi
eshel
ppr
eventut
il
it
y
gener
atedpol
l
uti
on.

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune

Onl
i
nepol
l
uti
onandemi
ssi
oncal
cul
ator
scanhel
pappr
oxi
mat
ethe
emi
ssi
onsofot
herpr
omi
nentai
rpol
l
utant
sinaddi
ti
ont
o car
bon
di
oxi
de.

Pol
l
uti
on audi
ts gener
all
y t
ake el
ect
ri
ci
ty and heat
ing f
uel
consumpt
ion number
s ov
er a t
wo-
year per
iod and pr
ovi
de
appr
oxi
mat
ions f
orcar
bon di
oxi
de,VOCs,ni
tr
ous oxi
des,car
bon
monoxi
de, sul
fur di
oxi
de, mer
cur
y, cadmi
um, l
ead, mer
cur
y
compounds,
cadmi
um compoundsandl
eadcompounds.

Wal
kthr
oughAudi
tofCol
l
egecampus

Thewal
k-t
hroughaudi
tisat
ouroft
hef
aci
l
ityt
ovi
sual
l
yinspect
each sy
stem.The wal
k-t
hrough i
ncl
udes an ev
aluat
ion ofener
gy
consumpt
iondat
atoanal
yzeener
gyusequant
it
iesandpat
ter
ns,as
wel
last
opr
ovi
decompar
isonswi
thav
erages,orbenchmar
ks,f
or
si
mil
arf
aci
l
iti
es.

Themai
nai
msoft
hisv
isi
tar
e:-

 Toi
dent
if
ythemai
nener
gyconsumi
ngar
eas/
planti
temst
obe
sur
vey
eddur
ingt
heaudi
t.

 Toi
dent
if
yanyexi
sti
ngi
nst
rument
ati
on/addi
ti
onalmet
eri
ng
r
equi
red.

 Todeci
dewhet
heranymet
erswi
l
lhav
etobei
nst
all
edpr
iort
o
t
heaudi
teg.kWh,
steam,
oil
orgasmet
ers.

 Topl
anwi
tht
imef
rame

 Tocol
l
ectmacr
odat
aonpl
antener
gyr
esour
ces,maj
orener
gy
consumi
ngcent
ers

 Tocr
eat
eawar
enesst
hroughpr
ogr
ams.

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune

St
epsi
ntheOn-
sit
eEner
gyAudi
t

STE PLANOF PURPOSE/

P
ACTI
ON RESULTS
NOS
.

01. Pl
anandor
gani
ze Resour
cepl
anni
ng,
Organi
zea
Ener
gyaudi
tteam.
I
nfor
mal
Int
erv
iew
wi
thEner
gy Or
gani
zet
imef
rame.
Manager
,Pr
oduct
ion
Dat
acol
l
ect
ion(
sui
tabl
etot
ype
/Pl
antManager
ofi
ndust
ry/
campus)
.

Fami
l
iar
izat
ionofpr
ocess
act
ivi
ti
es.

02. Pr
imar
ydat
a Hi
stor
icdat
aanal
ysi
s,annual
gat
her
ing,
Process Ener
gyBi
l
landener
gy
Fl
owDi
agr
am. consumpt
ionpat
ter
n.

Desi
gn,
oper
ati
ngdat
aand
schedul
eofoper
ati
on.

03. Conductsur
veyand Measur
ement
s:-
moni
tor
ing.
-Mot
orsur
veyandLi
ght
ing
sur
veywi
thpor
tabl
einst
rument
s
f
orcol
l
ect
ionofmor
eand
accur
atedat
a.

-Tot
alconnect
edl
oadofeach
f
aci
l
ity
.

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
-Ef
fi
ciencyofequi
pment
s.

-Moni
tor
ingofPowerFact
or&
Kwh.

04. Repor
ti
ng& Det
ail
eddocument
ati
on
Pr
esent
ati
on. pr
esent
ati
ont
othet
op
Management
.

05. Ener
gysav
ing Suggest
iont
orepl
acecur
rent
suggest
ions. equi
pmentwi
thhi
ghl
yef
fi
cient
dev
icest
oreduceener
gy
consumpt
ional
ongwi
thpay
back
per
iod.

06. I
mpl
ement
ati
onand Fol
l
ow-
upandper
iodi
crev
iew.
Fol
l
ow-
up.

Anal
ysi
sofEl
ect
ri
cit
yBi
l
ls

Theanal
ysi
sofel
ect
ri
cit
ybi
l
list
hepr
imest
epconsi
der
edi
npower
qual
i
tyaswel
lasener
gyaudi
t.Thebi
l
lact
ual
l
yrepr
esent
sthecur
rent
sy
stem usage.Ther
ear
evar
iouspar
amet
ersi
nvol
vedi
nthi
swhi
ch
l
eadst
ocal
cul
ati
onofener
gyut
il
ized.Fundament
all
ybi
l
li
ngi
sdone
ont
womaj
oraspect
sthatar
edemand&ener
gy.Thi
swi
l
lgi
veener
gy
sav
ingoppor
tuni
ti
esamongt
hev
ari
ousequi
pment
sint
hecampus.
Theener
gyr
atei
sgener
all
ybasedoncl
assort
ypeoft
heconsumer
;
commoncl
asst
ypesmayi
ncl
udei
ndust
ri
al,commer
cial
,resi
dent
ial
,
muni
cipal
,andagr
icul
tur
al.Ut
il
it
ypr
iceshav
eof
tenbeensetbyl
ocal
,
st
ate,orf
eder
alr
egul
ator
s,ent
it
iest
hatr
evi
ew el
ect
ri
cut
il
it
ycost
s,
r
evenues,
inv
est
mentdeci
sions,
fuelpr
ices,
andot
herf
act
orst
oar
ri
ve
atat
argetr
ateofr
etur
n.Thi
sappr
ovedr
ateofr
etur
n,coupl
edwi
th

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
t
heut
il
it
y’
scostst
ruct
ure,
det
ermi
nepr
icescust
omer
swi
l
lpay
.

Compar
isonofel
ect
ri
cit
ybi
l
lsoft
womont
hs

MMCOEPune-
52

Ty
peofconsumer
:LT-
IIC

Connect
edLoad(
KW)
:200 Cont
ractDemand(
KVA)
:180

Sanct
ionedLoad(
KW)
:150 Sanct
ionedDemand(
KVA)
:180

FeederVol
tage:
11KV

Consumpt
ionTy
pe:
Commer
cial

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune

Dat
e Tot
al Ener
gy Powe I
ncent
iv React
iv Tot
a
r es epower l
Consumpt Char
ges
i
on Fact
o (
RKVAH Bi
l
l
(
Rs)
r )
(
KWH) (
Rs)
(
Cumul
ati LAG
v
e
di
ff
erence
)

06-
01- 18673 18673*
10. 0.
990 - 2124.
0 2,
90,
2014 91= 12,
914. 0 785.
79/
- 18/
-

2,
03,
722.
4
3/
-

25914*
10.
91=
07-
03- 25914 0.
983 - 4797.
0 3,
40,
2014 8,
894.
0 0 046.
3/
- 00/
-
2,
82,
721/
-

Theabov
etabl
eshowst
hecompar
isonofel
ect
ri
ci
tybi
l
lsofcol
l
ege
El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
pr
emi
ses.Anal
ysi
sper
iodi
sfr
om 07-
03-
2014t
o06-
01-
2014.

Fort
he ener
gyaudi
tthe domi
nantpar
amet
ers whi
ch af
fectt
he
el
ect
ri
cit
ybi
l
lar
e:-

1)React
ivepower

2)Powerf
act
or

3)Tot
alconsumpt
ion&t
ari
ffr
ate

The3mont
hsdur
ati
oni
stakenasasampl
eper
iodf
ort
he
anal
ysi
sofbi
l
ls.I
tisobser
vedt
hat
,thei
ncr
ementi
nthepowerf
act
or
i
ncr
easest
hei
ncent
iveamountal
soi
treducest
her
eact
ivepower
consumedbyt
hel
oad.

Decr
ementi
nthepowerf
act
orf
rom 0.
990t
o0.
983(
i.
e.,by
0.
007uni
ts)i
ncr
easedt
her
eact
ivepowerf
rom 2124t
o4797(
i.
e.by
2673uni
ts)
.I
tcanbeeasi
l
yobser
vedf
rom t
hebi
l
lst
hatdecr
ementi
n
t
hef
ract
ionoft
hepowerf
act
orr
educest
hei
ncent
ives.I
ntheabov
e
casef
ordecr
ementof0.
07uni
ts,i
ncent
iver
educedbyRs.4020.
76/
-
t
hisshowst
hesi
gni
fi
canceofpowerf
act
or.Ast
heeducat
ional
loadi
s
consi
der
ed,
thedemandv
ari
essi
gni
fi
cant
ly.Thehi
stor
ical
dat
ashows
t
hatt
hedecr
ementi
nthepowerf
act
oratt
hepr
act
icalexami
nat
ion
si
ncet
hemostoft
hei
nduct
ivel
oadaswel
lasnonl
i
nearl
oadar
ein
wor
kingcondi
ti
on.Soi
tisnecessar
ytomai
ntai
nthepowerf
act
or
uni
tyf
orabet
ter&economi
cal
per
for
manceoft
hesy
stem.

A uni
ty power f
act
or l
eads t
o negl
i
gibl
ereact
ive power
,
const
antv
olt
age pr
ofi
l
e att
he l
oad si
de,r
educt
ion i
nlosses,
el
i
minat
es t
he har
moni
c cur
rent & i
mpr
oves t
he t
otalsy
stem
ef
fi
ciency
.Tot
alener
gyconsumpt
ionar
ecal
cul
atedbycumul
ati
ve
di
ff
erence bet
ween cur
rent & pr
evi
ous mont
hs (
KWh) uni
ts.
Cal
cul
ati
onoft
otalbi
l
lincl
udest
het
otalener
gyconsumpt
ionchar
ges
aswel
lasf
ixedchar
ges.Thi
sincr
ementi
nP.
F& r
eact
ivepower
El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
consumpt
ionul
ti
mat
elyl
eadst
odecr
ementi
nthet
otal
elect
ri
ci
tybi
l
l.

Recommendat
ionst
oreduceener
gyconsumpt
ion

I
thasbeenobser
vedt
hatt
hel
oadont
hecol
l
egef
aci
l
ityi
snot
const
antaswel
last
imeofconsumpt
ional
sov
ari
essi
gni
fi
cant
ly.The
cont
ri
but
ionofmot
ors,pumps,l
i
ght
ningl
oad,f
anl
oad,Comput
ers&
pr
int
ersar
efoundt
obedomi
nant
.Sot
her
eisawi
dear
eat
oreduce
ener
gyconsumpt
ionbyr
epl
aci
ngt
heconv
ent
ionalappl
i
ancesbynew
hi
ghl
yef
fi
cientappl
i
ances.Thi
scoul
dfi
ndt
hemaj
or&economi
cal
l
y
v
iabl
esol
uti
ont
oreduceener
gyconsumpt
ion&ul
ti
mat
elyl
eadst
o
r
educt
ioni
nel
ect
ri
cit
ybi
l
l.Forcal
cul
ati
ngt
hepowerconsumpt
ioni
tis
r
equi
redt
ohav
ethedi
ver
sit
yfact
or,ast
hef
aci
l
itywor
kingper
iodi
s
consi
der
ed t
he di
ver
sit
yfact
ori
s assumed t
o be 0.
4(i
.e,
40%)i
t
si
gni
fi
est
hatt
he40%l
oad consumpt
ionoutof100%t
otalconnect
ed
l
oad.Thewor
kingday
sfort
hecol
l
egepr
emi
sesar
e240day
swhi
l
e
wor
kinghour
sar
e6hr
sthi
swi
l
lgi
vet
heexactener
gyconsumpt
ion.
Thecommer
cialr
ateaccor
dingt
otar
if
fschemei
s10.
91Rs/
uni
t.The
r
equi
reddat
awi
l
lal
soi
ncl
udet
hev
ari
ousr
ati
ngsofconv
ent
ionalas
wel
lasef
fi
cientappl
i
ances.

Letusanal
yzet
heener
gyconsumpt
ioni
nel
ect
ri
calbui
l
ding(
Bui
l
ding-
C)

Requi
reddat
aforcal
cul
ati
oni
sasf
oll
ows:
-

Tot
alnumberoft
ubes: 433

Tot
alnumberoff
ans: 252

Tot
alnumberofPC: 272

Tot
alnumberofpr
int
ers: 13

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
Tot
alnumberofwat
ercool
ers: 05

Resul
tsoft
heanal
ysi
s:-

 Asi
nthecol
l
eget
hepeakl
oad(
ascal
cul
ated)i
snev
er
obser
ved,butt
hemaxi
mum l
oadi
sobser
veddur
ingt
he
pr
act
ical
s and exper
iment
s conduct
ed,so t
he power
f
act
oratt
hemai
nbuswasl
eadi
ngi
nnat
ureduet
olow
l
oadl
evel
.

 Theunbal
ancedpowerl
evelbet
weent
het
hreephasesof
t
hemai
nbusduet
ounbal
anci
ngateachsmal
lsect
ionof
t
hesy
stem r
emai
nedi
ntactcausi
ngv
eryhi
ghcur
rentt
o
f
low t
hrought
heneut
ralwi
rewhi
chi
ntur
nresul
tedi
n
heat
ing ef
fect
s on t
he neut
ralwi
re and on v
ari
ous
equi
pment
’sconnect
ed.

 The addi
ti
on of har
moni
cs due t
o capaci
tor bank
i
nst
all
ati
oni
nthenon-
li
near
it
yont
hemai
nbusduet
o
l
arge number of comput
ers and non-
li
near l
oad i
n
comput
erandI
T bui
l
ding,el
ect
ri
calbui
l
dingandmai
n
bui
l
ding,t
hesi
nusoi
dalnat
ureofpowerwasdi
stor
ted
wi
th3rdhar
moni
cor
derdomi
nanti
nnat
ure.

Concl
usi
on:

Af
tert
heev
aluat
ionoft
hesy
stem andconduct
ingt
heener
gyand
powerqual
i
tyaudi
toft
hei
nsul
ati
on,
fol
l
owi
ngpoi
ntwer
einf
err
ed.

A.“
wal
k-t
hrough”ener
gyaudi
twasper
for
medi
nthei
nst
it
uti
onand

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
f
oll
owi
ngpoi
ntswer
econcl
uded:

1)Tot
alconnect
edl
oadoft
hesy
stem wascal
cul
atedandi
t
wasf
oundt
obe3180.
45Kw.

2)Thev
ari
oust
ypesofl
oadsconnect
edt
othesy
stem wer
e
anal
yzed.

3)Repl
acement
/suggest
ionsf
orr
educt
ioni
ntheener
gyusage
wer
einf
err
ed.I
nor
dert
oconser
veel
ect
ri
ci
tyandr
educet
he
ener
gybi
l
ls.

B.Whi
l
eper
for
mingt
hepowerqual
i
tyaudi
toft
hei
nst
it
uti
oni
twas
i
nfer
redt
hat
,

1)Pr
evi
ousEner
gybi
l
lswer
eanal
yzedandv
ari
ousi
ncent
ives
andpenal
ti
eswer
elocat
ed.I
twasf
oundt
hatt
her
eav
erage
l
oadpowerf
act
oroft
hei
nst
it
utewas0.
983andi
ncent
ivesof
Rs1,
44,
000/
-wer
egi
vent
othei
nst
it
uti
onpermont
h.

2)Acapaci
torbanki
ssi
zedi
nor
dert
oimpr
ovet
hepowerf
act
or
andi
twasf
oundt
hat30KVArwast
hel
ocalr
eact
ivepower
needed.

3)Dur
ingt
heaudi
tpr
ocess,i
twasseent
hatt
hel
oadi
ngoft
he
i
nst
it
uti
onwasunbal
anced.
”R-
phase”wasexcessi
vel
yloaded
causi
ngav
erageneut
ral
cur
rentof60amp.

4)Duet
othev
ari
abl
enat
ureoft
hei
nst
it
uti
onall
oadandv
ari
ous
non-
li
nearl
oadsi
twasf hat3rdhar
oundt moni
cwasdomi
nant
i
nthesy
stem wi
th43.
25%.Theconsi
der
abl esenceof5th
epr
and7thoddhar
moni
cswasal
sodet
ect
ed.

5)Af
teri
nst
all
ati
onoft
hecapaci
torbank,
the%of3rdhar
moni
c
wentt
o54.
19%f
rom 43.
255.I
nject
ionof3rd,
5th,
and7thor
der
har
moni
cs by t
he capaci
torbank was det ed,but3rd
ect

El
ect
ri
calEngi
neer
ingDept
. PowerQual
i
ty
 Mar
athwadaMi
tr
aMandal
’
sCol
l
egeofEngi
neer
ing,
Pune
har
moni
cwasf
ounddomi
nant
.

6)Har
moni
ccur
rent
sbef
orei
nst
all
ati
onofcapaci
torbankwer
e
f
oundt
obe6.
362ampf
rom ut
il
it
ysi
deand37.
14ampf
rom
t
hel
oadsi
de.

C.Asi
ngl
etunedLCf
il
terwasdesi
gnedt
oreducet
hel
evelof3rd
har
moni
cint
hesy
stem.

1)Thepar
amet
ersofsi
ngl
etunedLCf
il
terwer
efoundt
obe

L=5.
83mH.

C=193.
06uf

2)Thought
hef
il
terwasdesi
gnedt
or he3rd har
educet moni
cit
wasf
oundt
oaf
fectt
hel
ev sof5th and7th har
el moni
csas
wel
l
.

3)Asuggest
ioni
tinst
all
thi
sfi
l
terwasgi
vent
othei
nst
it
uti
on.

D.Thecostest
imat
ionf
orv
ari
ousr
epl
acementmeasur
esi
nfer
red
f
rom t
heener
gyaudi
twasmade.

1)I
twas f
ound t
hatan i
nvest
mentofRs.20,
00,
000/
-was
r
equi
red.

2)Wi
tht
hisi
nst
all
ati
on,addi
ti
onalsav
ingsofRs25,
000/
-per
mont
har
eant
ici
pat
ed.

3)Thepay
-backper
iodf
ort
hisi
nvest
mentwasf
oundt
obe6.
6
y
ear
s.

El
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. PowerQual
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Pune
Quest
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2.Def
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3.Whatar
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4.Whatar
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El
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calEngi
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. PowerQual
i
ty