ASPECTS OF

ACHITECTURE
 ARCHITECTURE – A POWERFUL
FACTOR IN HUMAN SOCIETY
• Architecture has a very strong visual language
• What Architecture do;
– Solving housing problems.
– Raising of cultural standards
– Creating and incorporating modern services
– Safe guarding and developing the environment
– Creating modern ways of living
– Generating harmony in the man-society-nature
 ARCHITECTURE – A POWERFUL
FACTOR IN HUMAN SOCIETY
• Structure Speaks itself
– Vertical Expansion
– Horizontal Expansion
– Mass Enhancement
– Planning of spaces
Think about examples
 ARCHITECTURE – A POWERFUL
FACTOR IN HUMAN SOCIETY
• Man-Society-Nature [Chain]
– Designer
– Builder-Technologists
– Urban Planner
– Coordinator and Planner
– Sociologists
– Interior Designer
– Material
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LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
• Landscape
– Urban, rural, regional, national
• Town scaping
– Man-made elements (purpose/function)
• Think about gardening for a house
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LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscape design
– Correlation between nature and man made
elements
1. Articulation of space
Use of plants for walls, floors and canopies
Partitions
Passages
Link to other spaces
ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-
 [HANDOUT]
LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscape design
2. Screening
Hide bad views
3. Privacy
Degree of privacy
Full(Eye-level), chest-high, Waist-high
 [HANDOUT]
LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscape design
4. Progressive Realisation
Create curiosity
deliberate block/partial view
5. Aesthetics
Size, shape, colour or texture
Two dimensional or Three dimensional
 [HANDOUT]
LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscape design
6. Textural elements
Plant as smooth, polished, rough, rippled etc.
Trunk, roots, branches, leaves for colour
Colour changing according to season
7. Attractors
Plants colour, odour, shade, beauty, texture
attracts
Animal/birds Food – Fruit, nuts, berries
 [HANDOUT]
LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscape design
8. Unifiers
Visual Coherence
Two paths to one path
9. Evocators
Evoke memories of other times
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LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscape design
10. Engineering
Control wind/water erosion
Noise pollution
Plants (Softness/hardness) can absorb,
reflect, deflect and refract noises
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LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscape design
11. Purification
Photosynthesis
Odour control
12. Climate Control
Control radiation through screening
Wind control through obstructing/guiding/deflecting/filtrating
Precipitation control – Modify temperature-preserve moisture
Control temperature – Cool shades, dead air insulation
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LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Creeper
LANDSCAPING FOR A SIGNLE s
HOUSE
• Grass – Level of dust
• Trees – Sitting, wall of
trees, fruit, garden design
• Creepers – Façade,
conserve energy
• Pergola, Canopies,
gazebos

Pergola Canopy Gazebos

• Pergola in landscape and garden design, a passage,
walkway, gateway etc. with a canopy of trelliswork on
which climbing plants are trained to grow.
• Canopy is any overhanging roof, shelter or ceiling
providing cover or shelter/ an open ornamental shelter
or covering, especially for an altar, tomb or throne; a
baldachin/ hood; the upper construction in a fireplace,
which directs smoke up a chimney.
• Gazebos is any building or structure of recreation from
which fine views are afforded; often a glazed rooftop
turret, terrace or a pavilion set in parkland
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LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
Landscaping in Public Buildings
• Semi-public (sittings)
• Pedestrian
• Car parking
• Creeper-covered facades
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LANDSCAPING IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT
• Functional and Technical Correlations
– Penetration of sun’s heat (planting west/south-west
– Creepers – Cooling effect
– Negative impact of trees(strong roots)
• Spatial and Aesthetics Correlations
– Renaissance or Baroque style (Gardens with same
style)
– Culture with Architecture
– Level of nature
– Loving nature
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MICROCLIMATE
• Climate at Site
• Vegetation and Wind Break
– Summer/Winter winds
– Square/Triangle wind breaks
– Irregular wind breaks
• Topography
– Cold air pooling in depression
– A well designed sun trap
– Reverse wind vortex forms
 STYLE
Renaissance
• the rebirth of classicism, a cultural movement originating in Florence, Italy in the 1400s; in
architecture it is characterized by the use of classical elements for primarily secular buildings.
• Writers used Renaissance to indicate the restoration of ancient roman standard and motifs.
Today the term means Art & Architecture of Italy from 1420 century to the middle 16th
Century. In countries other then Italy the Renaissance motifs, but the resulting styles of
French Renaissance, German and English Renaissance have little in common with the
qualities of Italian Renaissance which are details of ancient, roman derivations and a sense of
stability and poise.
• Styles of Renaissance included as separate entries are listed below.
– cinquecento, Italian high Renaissance.
– early Renaissance.
– high Renaissance.
– late Renaissance.
– Mannerism.
– neo-Renaissance.
– proto-Renaissance.
– quattrocento,
– Italian early Renaissance.
 STYLE

Mannerism
• Mannerism; a style in Italian Renaissance art and
architecture which flourished from 1520,
technically proficient and breaking away from
classical harmony, with the emphasis on inner
mysticism and external realism.
• Style between Renaissance and Baroque period
its characteristics was the use of classical motifs
unnatural proportions and with full stylistic
contradictions.
 STYLE

Baroque
• an architectural style originating from southern Europe
in the 1600s and 1700s, characterized by classical
motifs used in a dramatic and theatrical manner, lavish
ornamentation and integration of art and sculpture;
phases of Baroque architecture.
• It is characterized by exuberant, decorations,
expansive, curvature forms, a sense of mass, a delight
in large scale and a preference for spatial complex
composition i.e. (opposite of simplicity). They used
classic motif freely.
 STYLE

Carolingian
• pertaining to the pre- and early Romanesque art
and Byzantine-influenced architecture in France
during the dynasty of the Frankish kings (768–
843) founded by Charlemagne.
• France, Germany, Netherlands,
• Charlemagne himself promoted a renaissance of
Rome i.e. Constantine Christianity. This is evident
in poetry, scripts, illumination and also in plans
and elevations of certain churches which
followed early Christian example.
 STYLE

Romanesque
• religious architecture in Western Europe in the early 11th
century, characterized by bulky massing, sparing use of
detail and the round arch; known in England as Norman
architecture.
• Style following, Carolingian and before Gothic is called
Romanesque. It is characterized by massive masonry, thick
proportions, the round arch and the rediscovery of
vaulting, tunnel vault with pointed.
• Arch and Domes is evident in France, Spain.
• Groin vault in Germany and Rib vault in Italy. The use of rib
vault and point vault was the sign approaching towards
Gothic Style.
 STYLE
Gothic
• pointed architecture; religious architecture in Europe in the Middle
Ages, originating from France in the 1200s, characterized by use of
the pointed arch, verticality of decoration, rib vaults and richly
carved ornament; styles of Gothic architecture included as separate
entries are listed below.
• The architecture of pointed arch, rib vault and flying buttress, the
wall was reduced to the minimum by spacious arcades by gallery of
triforium and by spacious celestery window is called the Gothic
Arch, these are not isolated motifs but they act together and
represent a system of skeleton structure with active, cylinder
members and membrane thin in filling and no in fillings at all. This
architecture is also called Medieval Architecture from 12C and
onwards.
 THE SEVEN ANCIENT WONDERS

• The Colossus of Rhodes

• The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• The Lighthouse of Alexandria
• The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
• The Pyramids of Egypt
• The Statue of Zeus
• The Temple of Artemis
http://world.n7w.com/ancient-wonders/
 NEW 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD

• Pyramid at Chichenitza Itza, Mexico

• Christ Redeemer, Rio de Janerio, Brazil
• The Roman Colosseum, Rome, Italy
• The Taj Mahal, Agra, India
• The Great Wall of China, China
• Petra, Jordan
• Machu Picchu, Peru
http://world.n7w.com/new-7-wonders/the-official-new7wonders-of-the-world/
STONE WALLING
STONE FINISHES & RUSTICATION
COLUMN & PILLAR TYPES

ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-

4702) [Instructor: Asst.Prof.Rehan Masood]
ARCH
TYPES OF VAULTING

ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-

4702) [Instructor: Asst.Prof.Rehan Masood]
TYPES OF VAULTING
DOMES AND RIB VAULT
DOMES AND RIB VAULT
SYMBOL AND ORNAMENTS

ARCHITECTURE & TOWN PLANNING (CE-

4702) [Instructor: Asst.Prof.Rehan Masood]
SYMBOL AND ORNAMENTS