2008/ 2007

fog ! " # $%&'( f (x ) = cos 1 x , g (x ) = 1 x 2 [ 8 ] (1 )

. * = 5 > , . :;< gog fog 8 $ 9+ 0 1 2&3 45 67 $%&/ ) * + , -. #$ & gog
B/ $C ! DE 9+ : @
(fog )(x ) = f ( g (x )) = f ( 1 x ) = cos ( 1 x )
2 1 2

BF1 G H &

(( )) ( )
2
( gog )(x ) = g ( g (x )) = g 1 x2 = 1 1 x2

= 1 1+ x 2 = x 2 = x
# $<3 4<F*K 9+ 4 L% M <F*K N $+& = . 9+ BF1 B/ OP 4 5 5 IJ4 # g ( x ) 4 $ BF1E 1
B/ X( 1 HN& 1 x 2 0 B/ W/ O R ST D Q HU V $57 BF1 B/ OP 2 Q& 4 5 5@
FN g 4 $ , . BF1 & 1 x 1 [ . | x| 1 BY( Z ;<& | x|2 1 2 Q& x2 1
:B/ \ ] 4 $ W$+ $ $! B^ . Dg = [ 11
,]
x Dg 1 x 1 0 x2 1 0 x2 1
` ac D Q HU H 'Q& 1 1 x2 0 ;< b 4-- 7 ` a3 $ & #$D 4---( _YQ
. Rg = [0,1] FN 4 $ d$+ [ BF1 & 1 g (x ) = 1 x2 0 B/ $-C
B BF1 ( R g = [0,1] D f = [ 1,1] B/ f & D f = [ 1,1] FN = . F;D*( f 4 $; 4 e Q&
D fog = D f = [ 1,1]
. D gog = D g = [ 1,1] 2 Q& R g = [0,1] D g = [ 1,1] G H &
:M 5 67 g e@
(fog ) (x ) =
d
cos 1
( 1 x )= 2 1
×
x
dx
( )
2
1 x2
1 1 x2

1
, x ]0,1[
x 1 x2
= =
x 1 x 2 1
, x ] 1,0[
2
1 x
: BF1 G H
d 1 , x ]0,1[
( gog ) (x ) = x =
dx 1 , x ] 1,0[.
 sin x
) lim = 1 B/ 9Nh( sin x < x < tan x , x ]0, / 2[ B/ *;< [ 9 ] (2 )
x 0+ x
: ( E$%& B ) 8 8 Oe
sin x cos5x
(i ) lim ( x + x1 ) sin ( x5 ) (ii ) lim
x x 0 x
sin x
(g 1 i /) lim = 1 B Nh 4 e Q : @
x 0+ x
sin x < x < tan x ... (*)
m sin x ;< 4 7 ` a/ 4*e5 ( sin x > 0 BF1E 0 < x < / 2 j&3 kQ l Z / f &
sin x x 1
4 o;o7 45Q . 7 9+ 91 & 1 > > cos x n Q& 1 < < B/
x sin x cos x
cos x > 1 (x 2 / 2) B/ m & sin(x / 2) < x / 2 BF1 (*) 4 7 9+& cos x = 1 2 sin 2 (x / 2)
2 Q&
sin x x2
1> >1 (***)
x 2
x2
lim (1 ) = 1 , lim 1 = 1 B/ f &
x 0+ 2 x 0+

sin x
. lim = 1 B/ m (***) 4=]D ;< @ 4 i p . (
x 0+ x
:M g e@
1
2 Q& ( x ) (y 0 ) BF1 ( y = k_ (i )
x
lim ( x + x1 ) sin ( x5 ) = lim x sin ( 5
x ) + xlim 1
x sin ( x5 )
x x

sin 5 y
= lim + lim y sin 5 y
y y y

= 5 + 0 =5
s> + 8r :;< 8 %F+ * O %& O U " # B/ 4i ]+ k+ q* 4 Oeb (ii )
sin x cos5x sin x cos5x sin x
lim = lim = lim lim cos5x
x 0+ x x 0+ x x 0+ x x 0+

= 1×1 = 1
s> + e :;< 4 R O U 4 # B/ 4i ]+ k+ t e 4 Oeb
sin x cos5x sin x cos5x sin x
lim = lim = lim lim cos5x
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x 0

= 1×1 = 1
sin x cos5x
.s#F%F+ ST lim 4 B/ m &
x 0 x
2
 a + x +1 , x 0
BF1E :1 a Q o 4* = $%&'( f (x ) =sin(x 2 ) [M % # 6 ] (3)
3+b , x >0
x
. x = 0 4.5 $ < , 5 >] 4;Q = f 4 $ x b Q o 4* = $%&/ wuv 9+& :;< 4; + f 4 $
: @
8 - # 4*e5( 8r :;<& 4; + : ( #&$ sSo e :;< y3 4; + 4 $ ( x 0
.4; + 4 # zF*{ 2 Q& 4; + 4 # 4 Q o 4 $ & 4; + 4 # 8 ; +
: p5! B/ OP Z / t/ x = 0 4.5 $ < | / 4; + 4 $ BF1E B/ OP&
lim f (x ) = lim f (x ) = f (0)
x 0+ x 0

B^
sin(x 2 ) sin(x 2 )
lim f (x ) = lim 3 + b = 3 + b lim x =3
x 0+ x 0+ x x 0+ x2

lim f (x ) = lim a + x + 1 = a + 1
x 0 x 0

.a = 2 +& a + 1 = 3 BF1 B f (0) = a + 1 B/ f &

: B/ p5! B/ OP $ < , 5 >] 4;Q = 4 $ BF1E :1 B^ &
f (x ) f (0) f (x ) f (0)
lim = lim
x 0 x x 0+ x
91 &
f (x ) f (0) 3+ x 3
lim = lim = lim 1 = 1
x 0 x x 0 x x 0

sin(x 2 )
3+b 3
f (x ) f (0) x
lim = lim
x 0+ x x 0+ x
2
b sin(x )
= lim =b
x 0+ x2

.b = 1 B $ < , 5 >] 4;Q = 4 $ BF1E 2 Q&

3
B/ 4 e1D 4 $ 45 6+ BF = $} R Q 9Nh( y = sin 1 x - [ 6 ] (4 )
dy 1
. (1 x 2 ) y x y = 0 B/ v/ ) 9+& =
dx 1 x2
"#$% &# '$! () * ] , [ ! sin y . @
2 2
: '$ x = sin y () * y = sin 1 x / . ] 1,1[ +, ! ' '-
dy 1 1 1 1
= = = = , x < 1.
dx dx cos y 1 sin y2
1 x 2

dy
5 () 67 2 - 8 95 cos y = 1 sin 2 y &4- cos 2 y = 1 sin 2 y 2 - 3-)
: '$ () . ( cos y = cos y = * cos y > 0 < <y < :; * y = sin 1 x
2 2
d 1
. ( sin 1 x ) = , x <1
dx 1 x 2

1
: x - 4e Q _ Q& y 1 x 2 = 1 B/ t/ y =
2
B/ $C p R ~
1 x
x
y 1 x2 y =0
2
1 x
B/ $C 1 x 2 • 8( . g |Q&
(1 x 2 ) y x y =0

4
 dy
: = 5 > , . :;< 4 j &$ 9+ 0 1 $%&/ [ 8 ] (5 )
dx
(i ) y = x x sec 1
x (ii ) xy 2 + sin y = 1
(iii ) x = 3t + cos t , y = ln(t 2 + 1)3 .
: @
BF1 & 8 # g _ € 9< s < 4 $ (i )
y =xx ×
1
×
1
+ sec 1
(
x xx x 1
+ x x ln x )
( x) 2 x
2
x 1

=xx ×
1
2x x 1
1
+ sec 1 x x x + x x ln x ( )
1 1
=x x + (1 + ln x ) sec 1 x
2x x 1
: x - 4 e Q 8( . _ . 4 *| s F • 4 $ (ii )
x × 2 yy + y 2 + y cos y = 0
+&

y (2xy + cos y ) = y 2
B
y2
y =
2xy + cos y

2 Q& 4 + sF • x = 3t + cos t , y = ln(t 2 + 1)3 = 3ln(t 2 + 1) 4 $ (ii )

dy 6t
dy dt = t +1 2 6t
= = 2
dx dx
dt
t
3 ln 3 sin t t
t + 1 3 ln 3 sin t ( )( )

5
$} R & O ) a ,b f f ( x ) = e ax +b 4- $; 4- F 45 67 m R [ 8 ] (6 )
h (3) (0) 4-* = m -R G 9+& h (x ) = (1 x ) 2 e x +1
4- $; 4- F 45 67 # -P• L s$< =
.s F€ ‚eQ/ • D_&
B/ $C M + s$< 4 $ _ Q . f (x ) = e ax +b B/ f : @
f (1)
(x ) = a e ax +b
f (2)
( x ) = a 2 e ax +b
f (3)
(x ) = a 3 e ax +b
B/ ƒ R 91r& ...... H1N&
f (n )
(x ) = a n e ax +b
u (x ) = (1 x ) 2 , v (x ) = e x +1
8 - # g -_ € 9< s < h (x ) = (1 x ) 2e x +1
4$
h (x ) = u (x )v (x ) 4 $; L s$< = $} R Q 4 F 45 67 # P 91r&

n (1) ( n n (2) ( n n (r ) (n
h ( n ) = uv ( n ) + u v 1)
+ u v 2)
+ ... + u v r)
+ ... + u ( n )v
1 2 r
B/ f &
u (x ) = (1 x ) 2 , u (1) (x ) = 2(1 x ) , u (2) (x ) = 2 , u ( n ) (x ) = 0 , n 3

v ( n ) (x ) = ( 1)n e x +1
: B/ m 4 'e7 9+ j&3 „LU 9+&
: BF1 2 Q&
n n n
h ( n ) = uv ( n ) + u (1)v ( n 1)
+ u (2)v ( n 2)
+ ... + u (r ) v (n r)
+ ... + u ( n )v
1 2 r
x +1 x +1 n (n 1) x +1
= (1 x ) 2 ( 1) n e 2n (1 x )( 1) n 1 e +2 ( 1) n 2
e .
2
x +1
= (1 x )2 ( 1)n 2n (1 x )( 1) n 1 + n (n 1)( 1) n 2
!e .
.n 2f
: BF1 n = 3 , x = 0 +$ < B^
0+1
h (3) = (1 0) 2 ( 1)3 2 × 3(1 0)( 1)3 1 + 3(3 1)( 1)3 2
!e
= [ 1 6 6 ]e = 13 e .

6
 . lim cot x tan 1 x 4 g e@ +$} R & j QF s$< = …& > p5 [ 6 ] (7 )
x 0

: @
&%#G @#$A ×0 4 %- DE 'F + , &4 C 7 0 B 4 I =] , [ ' 9? @$A
2 2
: 'F + ,
-1 tan 1 x
lim(cot x )(tan x ) = lim
x 0 x 0 tan x

0
: @- J K @$A 4 %- DE 'F + , &4 HIF!
0
lim g (x ) = lim tan x = 0 P Q O 8 95 lim f (x ) = lim tan 1 x = 0 N"I O : LM
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0

. I =] , [ ' + , g (x ) = sec 2 x 0 :L 7 R
2 2
:L S R
1
1
f (x ) (tan x ) 1+ x 2
lim = lim = lim =1
x 0 g (x ) x 0 (tan x ) x 0 sec2 x
: T , UFK4 V ' , J IB! @$A ()
1
1
tan x 1+ x 2
lim (cot x )(tan 1 x ) = lim = lim =1
x 0 x 0 tan x x 0 sec 2 x

7
w 5 & ˆ= M (& $ L M ( [!_F+ f (x ) = x 2 (x 2 2) 4 $ # †a f‡ [ 9 ] (8 )
. N ! + wR ) g]5 … 5 & D5 M (& 4 ;‰ t Š & :*iD
: @
'$! 'W & B7 '$ ; DS5 y = f (x ) = x 2 (x 2 2) = x 4 2x 2
: X < Y ZQ [ "\ +,
f (x ) = 4 x 3 4x = 4 x (x + 1)(x 1)
: C 7 f (x ) = 0 J ^ _ x N 4 +W ] N 4 '$!
f (x ) = 0 x = 0 or x = 1 or x = 1
< V @- ` E4 ; 2 - @$A

x x< 1 x= 1 1< x < 0 x=0 0 < x <1 x =1 x >1

y ve 0 +ve 0 ve 0 +ve
y F 4! 1 ! 0 F 4! 1 !
a b Ec d a Td2, d a b Ec d

3g7 [ 7M N 7 [ "] * y = 12 x 2 4 = 12(x 2 1

3) 7S ZQ "e % f
. x = ± 1/ 3 h4; y = 0

x x < 13 x = 1
3
1
3
<x < 1
3
x = 1
3
x > 1
3

y +ve 0 ve 0 +ve
y + ,Y % - 5 U fY % - 5 + ,Y % -
9 9
[ 7 B7 [ 7 B7 [ 7 B7

'F 9?j f iK4- ()

1.5

0.5

-2 -1 1 2

-0.5

-1

y = f (x ) = x 2 (x 2 2)