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 5

HEROIGS
& ROSFIGURES
Unit12,Semington
Turnpike,
Semington,
Trowbridge,
WiltsBA146LB,
England.
Tel;01380870228Fax:01380871045
v3ooth
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6

REDOT'BT ENTERP I
VIEWROAD,EASTBOURNE,
49CHANNEL EASTsussEx BN227LN
TEL:01323
732801 FAX: 01323649777

IA 12 58 IA' t 55 LV ) 9
WELLINGTON'SINDIANBATTLES
BRITISH
SEPOYS - SERVANTSOF 'JOHNCOMPANY
Theselmopsmadeuprhebulkol thefighting soldieEol lheB.ilish lN5l Jemsdar(2ndUeulenanl) openhanded
advancing to hold
side in rhelvahrattaand MysoreWars.Theyinva ably hadBitish lield colouracrossshoulder
ofiicersin command,woE redjackelsandw€reoltenmistakenby lN52 Havibd (Selgeanl)withshouldered poinling
musket, wilh
the[ adveBadesfor Bdish linelrcops.Paintedin diilerent@lou6
lhey can alsoseryeas soldielsof the va ous Pnnces. tN53 Sepoyadvancingwilh muskelh€ldal 45"acrcssbody
tN54 Sepoyslriding{otuardsilh levelledmusket
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lN30 Subed lLieutenant) wilhshouldsred
sword,laLl tN55 Sepoychargingwilh levelmuskel
tN56 Sepoystandingrcadywilh legsapadand musketacrcssbody
tN57 Sepoyslandingfting
A€ngalSepoyswilh llattensd tudans tNsa Sepoyloading, ramming down
lN33 Sepoydrummer andplaying
inflaltu.bfl marching tN59 Sepoyadvancingwilh shoulderedmusket.attackmarch
lN34 Sepoylif€rinnalurbanmarching andplaying tN60 SeDovGrenadier atackmarch.ohamented tallturban
lN35 J€m€dar (zndLieutenanl) advancingopenhanded,lo hold tN6r SepoyGrenadier advancing, levelled
muskel,omamented lall

lN36 J€m€dar (zndLiellenanl)advancing openhanded,lo hold

colouracossshoulder
lN37 Havilda(Se0ean0wilhshouldered muskel,poinling
wilh
outstrctchedlefl am
lN38 Sepoyadvancingwith musk€lheldat 45'acrcss body
lN39 Sepoyslddingtoftard with levelledmusket
lN4O Sepoychaging with levelmuskel
lN4l Sepoyslandingreadywilh l€gsapanand musketacrcssbody
lN42 Sepoystandinglidng wilhthisseies"WelllnglonIn India"byC.S.
lN43 Sepoyloading, €mning down whichcontains muchvilalinlomationonlhe
lN44 Sepoyadvancingwithshoulderedmusket,atlackmarch peiodaswellasuniloimd.awinss,scenarios,
wargames rulesand
mapandlinedrawingsand armylisls.App80pp44.
adrasSepoyswith tall ludan, similarto 3hako 88.50percopy.
lN4A Sepoydrummer in belltoppedturbanmarchingandplaying
lN49 Sepoynbr h berlloppedtubanmarching andplaying P&PUKt1-0o, Europetl .50, Fesrof the wortdt2.00.
lN50 Jemedar (2ndLieutenanl) advancing openhanded,
lo hold
Figurcsrct ly by the end 6f the nonth.

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Waeanes llust.ated6 puAishedon thetast Thu.sdavot each
nonlhbyrSlratdgem Pubrrcations
Ltd.,t8 LoversLane,Newark,
Nofis.NC241HZTel:063671973EDTTOR: Duncan Macfartane.
Contents
TYPESETI c & BEPRODUCTION BY:Pressot€nServices
Lrd. Pag€
PBINTEDin England.DISTBIBIJTORS: Comaq Maqazine
Msrkelinq,TavrstockFoad,WesrDravton. Middtesej(
UB77OE.
l4 DaveLockwood Theneaningof ($a.gaming)life
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FrcnchandIndian Warcscenafio
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SUBSCnIPflOIS lor 12issuesol wargameslllustat€dar6e26in
rheu.K. Eubpe& 16r ol wondsurlacq!30, Fesrot woddaimail:a.o. PartI.
tAC!( iUnEEnS AllissuesexceprM. 1, 2 & 3 a@srillavailable TheAlghzn Regula.Arnr in the19th
ate2,40€acnpo6tpaid,Backnumb€rsol ou o..asionalsrecial.na Century
plblidrion warganE wodda€ alsoslillavailab'€: Nos.2,3, 4:t2.40 posl 3l RussPhiuips BamnaRepublics
paid.No.sei.80 postpaij.
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ILFORD
40 Reviels
46 ReadeNLetters
49 ColinWebsler Warganes-, yibranl andcolourful
ofthet.IV.F. future
55 Cla$ifiedAds

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A ens Thnty yests Wt co ection (Mark 11,using Redoub!
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RAMPAGE'95
OPENDAY
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10am-5pm Wargamers
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In rhe G.and ilanner Napoleontc
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s€nd a s€lladdressed stamped envelope (sAsE) with
IMPOB|ED HOSY PBODUCTSFFOU AAOUXOIIC WFLD' 52c stamp face value. lntem.tional c6tomeE: Pleae
12188BrookhurstStreet,Gard€nCrov€, CA 92640,U.S.A. s€nd a s€lf-addressed envelope (SAE) with two IRcs.
Phone (7r4) 635-3s80duing store hours (U.S. Pacific
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-WarganrctJoundry
(:, ^6t (lf I U . K . P O S T& P A C K I N G
CHANGES
EXPOFTPOST & PACKING
CHAFGES
ode.s upro !2o.oo d 15% W € c h a r C el h e a c r u . P o s r a g € 6, n Y
B€rwaM120.00 & e40.o0add 1C4
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Nottingham.NG7 7HX.UnitedKingdom UlNllrU p&p t1.00

25mm
'NEW BIBLICAL WARS' 25mm
Dsigned W Alan& MichaelPerr/

CANAANITE,HURRIAN,EARLYPHOENICIAN,SHAASU
INFANTRY(1600-1100BC)
ouIN & HYKSOS
Figurcs65p.Ho66s 8Op.Shieldsa Sp€ds70ppackol10.
Thesearetroopsofthecitystatesof Canaan,Syria& the
regions.
surrounding Theywerebothenemies & alliesofthe
Hittites& Mitanni& maybe usedas early
Egyptians,
Hebrews.
LEADEFS B C 1 4 lArdler dawing adw lrcm quiver,
8C127L@dersrodino,shouling
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8C134Sp&ma advacing,shoulderspod, 8C143Shasu tavelindakneel^9,poinlno,
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BC gol35Spdms slandng,shouldned spar, BC 147
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CATALOGIIES :Lisr o.ly !l.50. FuI lnt suppliedwirh ea.h ctrtloeue ord.r. One ilusrBted cabL8rc {2 50 Two cablosues14 50
TbE€ caralosuesf6.0O. Four cddoCues!8.00 Five cablo4es I l0 COAl sn caulosues! 12.00 POST PAID U.K ONLY
NOI ALL OFTII! RANCESARE vIxINcs. NORI,[\\S & CRTMEA:.IWAR 1353-56 AMIRICAN INDIANS
ILLUSTRATED saxoNs 95Gll50 FMNCO PRUSSL{N WAR
WARSOFTHt ROSES 1155.37 SAMtnA 16$ ..nNd NOT
NA?OLEONICPERIOD GRI{T WARr9l4r3
COLONIALPERIOD PIMTES AND BUCCANIERS
COMPRISING: MAXIMILLIAN AD}ENTURE I6?GI?OO NOT II-USTRATED
zJm NAmLEONIC WARS 1305.15 2Jmn aoERWAR1394.1902 136467 NOT IIUSTMTED
FRINCH REVOLU'IION INDLA"\MUTIM 1357,59 SECONDWORLD WAR I9]9J5 ANClENTS
WAROF I&I2N6 AMERICA) NORTHWESTFRONTIIR AMIRICAN cr'r'Ir vAR l36l-5
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25'm ENOiISHcrvll- WAR1642-5 L
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POLISHRENAISSANCE ARMY ROMI AND ITS ENEMIIS
25@:BARoNswARs 120G1300 25NN MARTBURIAN WARSI6?5J720 ri. r6rh midl?$..ntury 2508.C, 1504C.
EARLY IMIIRIAL ROII{,ANS

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Phon.0115 97 92002 Or FAX 0115 9792209.
The Foundry.Mount St, NewBastord, Pl6aro Includ€ tn6 orplry dar6 and lyp6 ol card
Nottingham.NG7 7HX.UnitedKingdom A L L U S A C R E D I TC A R D SE X C E P TA M E X A C C E P T E D

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t4

THEMEANINGOF anypointalongthutIinelhatplu)er'agree.Il shouldlhenbe

obviouslhal warAame.difrerbecau.e rhe)areu'udll)locared in
(WARGAMING)
IIFE ihe inteior ofth; notivationtriangle,andit is muchharderfor
thoseinvolved tbe playersand the rulesauthon - to agree
exactlywherein the trianglerhecurrentgameis intendedto be
by DaveLockwood locared.We've all playedganes in which one playerinsists
(competitively) on the strict applicationof a le eventhough
the resuh (imitation)is manifestlyabsurd.to the deirimentof
This article is basedon an item I posted10 the Internet
newsgrouprec. games.board in spdng 1990 (The good old the (social)situation.
days;no BloodBowl,WH40Kor MAGIC: TheSadness to filter I'dlike to gofurther.Idoubtthatit ispossible to writea single
out . . .) The originalreceivedseveralfavourableresponses, wargam€s ruleset which can be used with equal facility
it "worked ' for gamingactivitiesI throughoutthe irianglc,and I think that authorsoften fail to
includingcommentsthat "objectivepoint' whiledevelopingrules.or
hadn'tconsidered, suchas crosswordpuzzlesSincethe topic anchoron a single
continuestoreappearinvariousguises in bothprofessional and in a fewcases,shuffleviewpointwhenit suitsthem one very
amatur hobbymagazines.Ithoughtan updated version might rlell-knownwriterhasa longhislor!'of responding to examples
hisiorical (imitalion) rule flaws with -it's fair value for
helpto illuminatea few points. of
',
fhe recurringquestions are why do we play (war)ganes? (competitior) poinis", whereasa proof thal one ot two
and, -whlr are wargames differentfrom (say)chess?".Typ;cal equal-cositroop types is alwaysbetter than the olher is
countered with "hislorical"j ustifications !
answers involvelistsoforderedmotivationlypes,orattemptslo
draw a nice line between grid-regulated novement (hexes, However, it is usually possible to distinguish authors'primary
squares)andfree format,or betweenformallycompleterules inrerestsfrom tbe way rhat their rules are put together.In
(chess)and the less logicallycompletesystemsfor figure g€neral.thosewho providearmy listsand pointssystemsare
"Phalanx" predominantly concerned with 'competition"(andif the words
wargames. The recentpublicationof PhilipSabin's ''Toumament Director" occur anywherein the text, are
in WI shouldillustratethat the laiter typeof distinctionis not
useful,sinceit's a figure warganewith grid movementand probablyAmerican as well); those who provide historical
scenarios or scenario generators with "imitation r and those
completerules(althoughno doubt the barrackroom lawyers '\ocial"
arc lookingfor /ac&n/8asI type)- who provideneither,whennot just beinglazy, with
I believethereareessentially only threecategories ofgaming gaming.Somerecent glossy rules systemshave obviously
motivation, and that all games can be mapped at some point been designedby decidinghot! many figureswill fit on a
within a notional triangle with the extreme forms o{ the srandard ,ire 'ublc shrle ledungruom ror rnLeresting man_
motivationsat the threevertices.Thosemotivesare: oeuvres. an obvious example ofa predominant socialconstraint
(space).while yet anotheremploysa seriesof completely
(l) Competition:the game is sinply a set of rules whose abstractmechanisms(including -scissors-paPer-stone'l) to
applicadon/nanipulation will decidea winncr-Example:a whichhistoricalartribuiionsappearto havebeengraftedasan
professional chesslournament,at whichthe onlyobjectis afterthought: iheuliimate competitors" system.Again,weasel
to finishas high as possible.and aboutwhichlhe phrase wordsare possible: ask your opponenlto justify the differ-
-nicefolk finishlast' will oftenbe heard
encesfrom our lists . whenthe listsare at handandthe books
(2) Socialising: the gameis a background activityto carching andjournalswill obviouslynot be, is a classicexampl€ol lhe
-Kitchen Bridge . in which "competilion designer -imitation"whilepretend-
up with friends.Example: suppressing
playersdon\ actuallysettle up. andmaynot evenscore ingtobeevenhanded.
(3) lmitation:thegamek an abslraclion ofsomeknownsetof Players preferencescan be ascertainedin sirnilar ways.
activiiies,and will be judgedby lhe extentto whichthe Someonewho collectsarmieswhich are scaleequivalenlsof
'mapping' remainsplausibleas the game progresses
historicalforlnationsis Iikel,vtobe imitationoriented;someone
Example: a boardgamewilh highly abstracttaclical lvbocollectsunitswhichar€efficienlundercurrentrules,or the
systems in whichtherelativepositions/movcments of front contentsof army lists. is compelilive.and someonewho is
linesnone$eless remainsbelievable. preparedlo useanytroopsasanyothers(or doesn'town them
"simulation because,con- andborrowsotherpeoplet. isa socialwargamet(or a parasite)
I've avoidedcallingcategory3
trary to most gamer\ beliefs, a typical wargame isnt a Playelswho move"battalions"are imitators,thosewho move
'unils" are competiton,and thosewho move "troops' are
simulation in the technical (statistical/OR)sense at all
Sinulationwouldrequireplayingthe sameinitialdeployrnent, socialgamels.Playerswho insiston I to 1 gamesare usually
orders,andstand;ngordersoverandoveragain,wilh only the conpetitive;multiplayergameswith communicalion by mes'
dierollsvarying,andseeing which selwon most often- It s also sages are usually played by imitators. and those with com_
worthnotinglhat thiscategoryhasa lot to do tlith tbe antipathy municationby kibitzingby socialgamers.Ofcourse,motivation
betweenhistoricalandfantasygaming:a refightofWaterloois canvarywith time,plac€.andopponenls. . .
initatinglife, but a re{ightofPelennorFieldisimitatingart! In my experienc€, the bestrecipefor a rottenwargameis the
I've alsoignored "metagaming" in which players attempl to combination of a ruleset andplayerswhos€motivalionsdo not
win by getlingthe rulesinterpreted.or evenchanged.in their lie in thesamegeneralareaofthe lriangle.You mighilike to try
favour,by fairmeansorfoul (producingunbeatable" arniesor classifying yourself.youropponenls,andyourcurrentrul€sets,
tacticsby rulesanalysis,or jusl oiling up to the urnpire,both and then considering somerecentgamesin the light of the
comeinto this category).The ultimate game of this type is results. I attach a version of the trianglewith a few systems
NOMIC, in which there are rulesforchangingthe rules, which placed where I think they belong. Notethat supplyingan inner
canthemselves be changed. and outer circlecentredon the notionalideal sel divides$e
Ifyou're preparedto acceptthesecaiegories. you'llprobably triangleinto fivesegments.
alsoagreethatmort conventional garnes should beplaced on or One final point,pariicularlyin viewof the recentexchanges
very closeto the _Social-Competitive" edge of the triangle in wI aboutcompetitionwargaming(and after all. I usedto
(chesshas a tiny elemenlof imitation, which was actually enrercompedtions lill I grev out of it): it s logicalthat p€ople
slightly higher in the original Indian form), and that one who write or play competitive wargames syst€mswill alsobe
atiributeofhighlysuccessfulgames is that they can be played at more aggressive than most in pronoting their preferences and
 15

*l
u Theseare HighlyDetailedwargamesbuildings
madeusinga processnew to wargaming.
which gives strengthand lightness
2nd OPEN
Battletech@FASACham ionshi H i L l S etr. , , i r e s / . . . . . 4 1 0 . 9 5
25mm RoadSet t6 pie..s, X6.95
by Heroes
Sponsored M;niaiures 25mm RiverSet /5 pieces)46.95
l5mm RiverSet 16irees) x5.95
Will beheldat thisyears l5mm RoadSer /7 rtec€5r15.95
1/300RiverSet /6;ie.esr .44.95
25mmBridae .:......44.9s

Warcon l5mmBridge . .. ..13.50

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productsasbeing"lhe rightway to do things . andI rhiflk it is

usefultooccasionally renind themwhata tinypercentage ofthe
activitiesclassifiable
as wargamingactuallytakespan in that
"top corn€router"of the riangle.

E!rcPe]5*p'pR6'd\tld'5*plp

DUNSTABLE-BEDFORDSHIRELO6 ]TA

' It may seen odd to classifyDBM and DBA.liffetently when

oneis a dewlopnentof the othet,but the "sho andpainless"
.fr ,*'*,ft
**&ftftft*+.*ft fr.*.*.fr
tqturc ol DBA meansthat therc is lessegobound up in a single
ga e (indeedplayerccanplal bestofthrce or five ina ewni g)
andtheteforcmoreoppo unnJfor socialinteraction.
A pot pourri of Napoleo ic picr. Opposite: Robbie Rodbs s
tuper 6mm QuatreBrus gane at lastyear's Thonton le Dale (l
know they'veofrcially dtoppedthe'le' - but I'n tnditionat).
This pag€top: I5n,""""",4'rrtians
ftom theco ectionof L.G.F.
Todd Fishetof E.H.Q. on Tony AdanE' prety ten6in. Middte
left, 15mm Baxle Honoury fron the collection of Lawence
Upton, an English luninary on the Chicagowaryamesscene;
nmiddleri'ht:25mm Frcnch& British HeayJCavalry,cu ningty
convefteclby the amazing Gabiel Mtkaj; letu a nagnificenl
15mm battleput on at kst year's Warconb! the MLtaft mob,
usingthei beautilul'do hexescomeany biggerthanthis?'terrain
(seethei ad on page 59, and burtot) into jour pocket like a
 l

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 WARRIORMINIATURES
14TivertonAveoue,GlasgowG329NXScotland
lh s 6 ttlqu. 2l. 50tIB, th a N a.U@2new lopc
Ple4slateiib6b{orsDl€24boud$aohop nrbile0l4lj?83426\riqA.6.
!ano!d!eer.
lttuIX ES-A1LYg.9t th6 U.Srrdt Ch@ IM FFcho BdBhN.po1€di6
\ \ l - RomdrECwRoslistdtulim.bmi. ACW \oih &d SldL 18$C?nhnv.
Coldialzd6dd

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zrDllffrIs -01$v t19.50el6 tt 0016r l00pid Ge[ nmn. Pedai.T]mdu
lii.@doiiarNmi $nuni. lrmqo\ lindshahb liedi&?bACwNodh&d Soudr et
25m DBqA$ ES- fiotitzE0, ola 4{ lo .h@ tm
ziuflStREs-fi? 2fu. t5Dnoli r&. Al.tu@ior bpq@\ dnoyND,v 20-n
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"*tr.'.i?
,
2 6 EE:=,*" U00 hrs
Alten s Division
8 Anglo'Hanoverian Battalions
10piecesof arlillery
r$0 hrs
Cookes Division
4 Battalionsof GuardIntantry
on qurcklybehud. l0 piecesof artillery
By 6.30lhatnighttheFrenchwereaciuallyoutnumb€red and
pu\hedbrcl $ irhhcar)lo\r fromrhecro\\road\. In order to spiceup the bartle,Stevehad to dice for ea€h
Nor satisfiedwith making a ness of lhings, Ney further division.usingpercentage dice. Obviouslyas the gametime
deprivedNapoleonof D'Erlon s corpswhichspentthe entire passed,the chancesof the units appcaringwere greatly
daymarchingandcounter'marching betweenthebaltlefieldsof increased (or sowe thought).
QuatreBrasandLigny.
Whilsi beinga very simplisticaccountof QuatreBras.tbe
basicpremisefor the Frenchwas to capturethc crossroads. THEWARGAME
whiislontheAllied sideit wasto haltthe Frenchadranccs.
John wasordered to launch anattackagainsttheBossuWoodin
The scenewassetforthe re'fight.
orderto turn the Allicd.ight wing.wbilstthe remainderofthe
dilisionwasio altackihe rightcentre.
I, leadingthe cavalryof the Guardand Kellerman.pressed
FORCES
againsttheleft centrewithrheintentionofturningtheleft wing.
French Steves tacticsbasicallyrevolvedaroundhangingonlo the
II Corps MarshalNey:RobbieRodiss crossroads until he couldbereinforced- Thiswouldhavebeena
GeneralReille.CorpsCommander: JohnReidy good idea. bul through poor dice throwing his reinforc€ments
wereheldup!
3lnfantryDivisionsof28 Line Battalions As the gameprogressed. Johnwasexpellcdftom the woods,
1 CavalryDivisionof 4 CavalryRegiments burwasableto containtbeadvancing Britishat the edg€softhe
I CavalryCorpsof 4 HeavyCavalryRegiments
GuardCavalryDivisionof2 Regiments For oncemy attacksweresuccessful and the Allies werein
42 piecesof artillery serioustrouble.wiih the heighrscaprured andtheAllied centre
Anglo-Dutch
Dukeofwellington:SteveTaylor Stevewasforcedto concede asthecrossroadswere in danger
of b€ingcaptured.
I CorpsGitedon battlefield) Whilstobviouslybiased.I think the gamewasa success. A
l2BattalionsDutch'Belgianlnfantry greatdealof efforthadbeenexpended (andpetrolaftergetting
16piecesof artillery lostl), but the viewingpublicseemedto enjoythe spectacle -
and the nusic (provided by my trusty recordingof French
1500hrs (actoaltine)
Merlons CavalryBrigade Peopleseenedsurprised at the amountofdetail providedon
2 CavalryRegiments (Dutcb-Belgian) genuinelyinterested
6mmfiguresandseem€d in thet!orkingsof
1530hrs thegam€.
Piclons Division Rules- 20, Yeo6by RichardButler
12Battalions(8 British) Figures- lrregularMiniaiures
10piecesofartiuery Scale- 1 figurerepresents20
1600hrs For a goodaccountofthe campaignI wouldrecommend the
Brunswick's Division Osprey'Campaign seriesbook.
8 Battalions
2 CavalryRegiments
16piecesofartillery
 t9

TABLETOP GAMES WARGAMf,SRULESFROMTTC

29 BERESFORD AVENUE, SKEGNESS, NAX)LEONIC & T81hCENTURY
MODERN PERIOD
LINCOLNSHIRE, PE25 3JF- ChiumBcr 2000 rulcs !.1.50 13.95
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ANCIENT PERIOT) Retom {for obovcl f2.50
HANDBOOK 11.95 SIEGE1An & Mcd SicE$) 13.?5
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':n,rs u Prii.tut lu\t r.ur. tSoLt th., hrtll\ r,\an 1 \

THEBATTTEOFTIECNIDEROGA,
1758
By Stete Rrucc

lh. Irrc..h xrct Indi! \\'rrs in \ofth Amcricr iom l;51 ro ,\mhcrn conqLrered L o u i s b o u r g .F o r b c s c o n q u c r r d F o r t
1 - r ( l !] r1\ B r i l a i r )\ l . r r c e srl o m n r i r m c . to f n o o p s t { ) ! c o l o n i r l D u q u e s n eb. u r A h c r c r o m b !f d i l c dd i \ r s t c r o u \ l \r t C r r i l l o n .
t h c r r r c d u n n s r h e S . \ . n \ c r r \ \ \ ' r r r n d a s n r c h d c s c n c sr h e
rrrc rion ot \ir!|mcr. int.r.slcd r. Eighl.cnlh CentuJ\ I h i s l r t i . l . r t t c m p t ! t o c \ p l a i n , \ b e r c r c m b \ ' s1 r ! s r cd c t e a l
. r n ( l r o n i D r L r l u I . t l ! \ . 6 t o t ar \r t l i g h l o f! l a r g c r F I \ \ ' b ! l t l c .
F o f g . r n r e rIsh c s c o p eo l r c l i o n n n g c \ I ' o m \ n l r l l \ l i r n r i s h e \
L o n r t o r b l l l l . s \ i I h r r d s . r m b u \ h . \ . n r g h l a c t r o n s \. r c q c s .
r i \ c r l r L r l r l cu\ . d r n \ . h i b r o u \ r s \ r u l t sa l l t r k i n g p l r c c . THE RA'[''I'LE OF TICONDEROCA.8.IULYT758
l t u o f r \ p c s i n c l u ( l ct h c ( I l n d r r d L i n c I n l n r r \ . G r e r r d i c f s I n 1 7 5 SN l r l o r G . . . r r l J a m e s A L r e r c r o m b )l n d B r i l r d i c r
r d A n l l l . r \ o l l i r i o p . r r r r . n r c s . p l u s\ r n e d \ l i l i l i r u n i t \ l u c h V i s c o u n tC . o r g . . \ u g o s l u s H o \ \ c l c d , r B . i t i s hr n d P r o \ i n c r x l
r \ I ' r o \ i n c i r l R . { i m c n t ! . I - t u n r i e ^ r n c n -\ o \ r l e u r s . R ! n g c r s . A r n r \ o f o \ c r l 6 . 1 1 0 m lr en in r thru\l alongthc Ch.implain
N l o u n t . dR r n g . A x n d . o f . o u f s c . I t d i ! f ! \ ' r l l . \ t ( N r . d s i \ l o n r J c r l I I s f i r \ t o b j c c t i \ c$ r s F o r l C r r i l l o n .
( o . r b i n r ! l l t h r s i r h r $ e ! L t ho l i n t c r . ( i r g c o m m r n d c r sr n c l d c f c n d c c b t \ t h e F r c n c h C i n ( ' L o u i s J o s e p h .\ h r q u l \ D c
] ) c r \ o n r l i l i . \r l l 1 ) p e r . r l n si n r $ l l d . r n c \ \ t . . r r i n r n d t h c c h r . m \ { o n r c r l m\ n h l . a ( l un r . n . m r s t l \ F r c n c hR e g u [ r t s .
o f L h . p . r i o d b c c o m c ss e l f c \ i d c n L Nlo lc.rlm$lls hr!.diclpp.d b\ hck of suppon t'om th.
O f o \ c r r h u n d f . d I - l \ \ ' r c l j o n \ I h x \ c s t u d i c cdi u r i n g l h e C l n r d i x n G o l e r n o r .t h c N l a r q u i \d e V r L r d r e u i lO n eo f t h c h . n
l . c t ) x f u r i d r o l r \ o \ i r u l . ( . t ! . d l r u r c e b o o l , s . l h cB r t t l e o f c o l j t n l n d e f s .D e I c \ i \ . h x d b c c nd e h c h e d s i l h \ c t c r ! n t r o o p s
T r e o n d . r o s rr \ , i n c \ h r h h r s h c l d r n r b r c i i n gf r s c r n a l r o n . 1 0 . r c c o m p r n )a C l n l d i a n r a i d i n l h c N k r h r ! $ kl a l l c \ . T h e
I l i s n ) r u l r sl c n ( l 1 ( )s k i r l r ( ) u n d n . d . \ . r i b i n g l h e i r c l b n i n F r e o c hR c g u l a rA r . r \ \ n \ l e i r r c d c f . n d C r r i l l o n $ i t h l i t l l c
\ r g u e l c r m sI.h l \ . l l t c . r t t . d t o r c c r c r l c l h e t r . r n l e s n r r l u t i v cs-u p p o r rl r o l n t h c ( l a n r d i r n sr o d l n d i r n s
lor srrgrnrcrs. ironr r.r$\ r.fe...cc ol conlcmporrr\.rnd O n 5 J u l ! 1 7 5 3 .i n 9 0 0 h r n e a u \ . 6 1 1 0b 0 r s c sr n d I f l o a l i n g
. b a t t . r i c s .r l r e t s r i t i s h\ l i l c d u t L L r k eG e o r . q feo r C r r i l l o . T h c
A s t h . r c t r l i r t o r \ \ L n k c l o r I h e d c s l n r l t i r ) fo i F o r t W i l l i r m t r d \r n c r g u r r d c o r s i n e do l R r n g c r \ . l r a t r c r u rm i e na r d G r g e \
H . ' [ \ ] f l l 5 r ' i t l i , r . r . L It h c o n i \ f l i l u r . o l l h . t h r . . f r o n g c d L i g h l l n l n a r r \ i n 1 i 5 h g h rs h u l . b o a t s .
l 3 r I l . h o f f . n . i \ . r , r a m \ t( ! r r r d r r n l r a f V i s c o u n tI l o $ c h . r dc a n i e . l o u t m r n \ r e t o r m sp r i o r t o l h e
arm!"sadvanceincludingthe sheddingof unifonn lace.coat
tailsandbaggage.Trimmingcumbersome tricornsinto€apsand
cuttingthe men\ hair shon hadoffendedmanytraditionalists,
andten rifleshadbeenissuedto eachbattalionhliShtinfantry

Ail this helpedtroops to move more easilyin the rough

pr?o?)Lrctior)s
foresledterrain.It did not however.remov€thesold;er's fearof
the dark tangledforests,in whichthey becameealily lostand WARRIORS
apprehensive. TheFrenchwerescoutingfortheBritishadvance
andhadformedtwo companies of Regularveteranvolunteers oTrhe SIIOGIIN-
15nm Figurin8 d*igned b! Tin Halldm
under CaptainsDuprat and Bemard, sendingthem to keep
watchon Trout Brook. CaptainGermainwith 150nen held
Contrecours Camp,whilsigrenadiers andvolunteerspatrolled
the south bank of the river. La Marine Captain "Langy" R,t,r;;J-"- rr- b.**\- tat t hon^ b ou-.it.n\on Do.t. th'
-on tuo, tatuiit a;,non a'\ou "o,'. ,[< En<.@!,q uq, I'i'-t@
Montegronwith 130marines,voyageurs and Indiansscouted pd""d^ ., i';., t'bd""' da";t ",,t ktu- a "-is ";d "-d, -". b"

betweenMont Pelezand Lake George.supportedby Caplain d. dt htk .

Trapezac with 3 RegularLightpicquets. ut'.uE k, .tdc th. .d.ili\ion
n r r7\ \u1ttu ddqt vt
e.a.
bo.n on thd ot ton, \unin-n dt.\4j^hn
On 6 July at 4.00amthe Britishadvanceboats were seenon
the take and a skirnish occurred betweenRangersand
DI$.,r ";,.r
Germain\ and Bernard\ troopswho fell back,destroyingthe 1x4r(l!?$riqn;id

portagebridgeastheBritishadvanced. satfAvT &nhDpiri*i!,3i10nnniD.

At 9.00amthe main Britilh force begandisembarking at
Contrecours Campand for threehourslhe baltalionslanded sAfiArc r T{iis!i(n4in \4i\hiio rtrr tcruliffdhn)
and reorganised. The Rangershad fallen into disfavourwith tM tu .ad6 (! tt ratlid. tuD h t (! L.iaFid.
cddqv @d kt4t llatu nd ny a.to.
cage dueto a mutinyatFort Edward,andGages untried80th
werethoughlsuitablereplacements for theirduti€s.Abercrom' Thh i' ou new -ea.odst r.tdil distribtto6and raail outlel
bydispatched Rogerson a detached scoutwestwards.
At Fort Carillonthat morningMontcalmand his Staffhad
decidedto defendthe heightsof Carillonwith field defences.
EngineersDesandrouins and Pontleroymarkedout entrench
mentandabatislinesandthe BerryRegimentbeganwork with TWODRAGONS
axesandspades.
the entrenchments
The abatiswouldbe l00yardsdeepinfrontof
and consislof felledtreeswith sharpened
PRODUCTIONS
branches facingoutwardstowardsthe enemy.The logpalisade
wouldbe taller thar a man, with musketloopsand sandbags Provincials, panickedandfor 300yardsdownthe threecolumns
alongthe top and a firing stepinside.Threebatteies would the troopsedgedbackwards,fearful and unnerved.Officers
desperatelystvingtocontroltheirmen.After an hourofpanic
As the BerryRegimenttoiled,the Britishadvanced through the batlalionssettleddownand remainedwheretheyweretor
the woodsin threecolumns.On th€ left the Connecticutand the night,dispirited,lostand exhausted. Next morningas the
Rhodekland Regiments, in thecentrethe Regularsand on the armypulleditselftogether,with unitss€attered throughoutthe
rightNew EnglandRegiments- Gage'sLight lnfantryreplaced woods.ColonelJohnBradstreetcommanding a mixedforceof
the absenl Rangersas advanceguards and guides.Gage the 44th,600RoyalAnericansandfoul ProvincialRegiments
commandedthe left, Abercrombythe centreand How€ the advancedand took the sawmill. rebuilding the destroyed
right.The forestsoondestroyed theorderofmarchandGaget bridge.Rangers, LightsandProvincials advanced to theedgeoI
Lightsfail€dcompletelyasforestguides:columns ran into each the woodsnearthe entrenchments. All day they lradedshots
otherandunitsintermixed.In two hourstheyhadcoveredonly with Frenchskirmisheninthe abaris.
a mile and at 4-00pmLangy'sscoutingtroops,cut off and Every Frenchbattalionwas working desperatelyon the
attemptingto reachCaillon, blunderedinto the left column entrenchment, and officersworked with picksto inspirethe
andconfused firingbrokeout on bothsides.LordHowemoved men. That eveningDe Levh and his detachedcompanies
ro reinforcethe left with Light troops,but wasshotdeadashe arriv€d,followedby250reluctantCanadianmilitia.The anny's
approached tbe conbat. Hearingthe firing Roger\ Rangers moralesoaredout of allproportionto the numberofmenLevis
retumedfrom theirscoutingandfiredon Langy'stroopsin the hadbroughtin.
rear. Caughtbetweentwo fir€s the Frenchran for Carillon, That afternoonthe British had crossedBradstre€fsBridge
reachingthe supportof companiesof Grenadierswho had and encarnped oppositethe sawmill.Fortified redoubtshad
crossedthe river to covertheir retreat.CloselypuNued,the been established alongits line of mar€h,the nearestwithin
French lost-sO men killed and 100 captutedand Caplain cannonshot of the abatis.Severalbargesand pontoonseach
Trapezac wasslain.For the Britishthelosswasirreparable, the mountingtwocannonhadbeendraggedoverthe portageroad
heartof the army, Lord Howe, was dead,severelyaffecting with sreateffort.
morale. Commandersnoted that during this skirmishthe
Regularsofthe centrecolumn.beingableto hear.bul unableto
see the fighting, grew uneasyand alarmed.Memoriesof THEBATTLE
Braddock'sdefeatstill lingeredamonSstthe British troops, At daybreakof 8 July,Frenchdrummersbeat'to arms andthe
particularlythe 44th. regiments marchedfton theirnightcampsup to theheightsinto
Pressingon, the leadingelementsstruck the descending their positions.In their campAbercrombyand Gagelislened
groundto the river, firing eruptedaheadof thernandhorrific intendyto thereportof a youngengineerwhoconfidently stated
shrieksr€verberatedthrough the forest. (Unkno$,nto the that the Frenchpositionscould be carriedeasilyby storm.
troopsthisnoisewasfrom theirownskirmisherschasing French Abercrombyleft his artilleryaboardthe boatsat the landing
scouts).lmmediatelythe leading elements.Regularsand placeand gavethe tragicinstructionsto assaultthe heightsat
 \1."::"

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once.withoutdelay.
Theassault wouldbemadeby threedivisionssimultaneoudy.
Rangers.batteauxmen, Gage's80thand skirrnishing Provin'
DurhamWargamesGroup
Pr€s€nts
cialswouldprecedeth€assaultcolumns, whichwouldbe led by
massedGrenadi€nand Light Infantry picquets.The assault
battalionswould forminthreedeeplinewithfixedbayonetsand
ProvincialRegiments wouldprovidesupportand rearguards.
Experienced offic€rswishedto advancein column,but they
wereoveffuled,andstillno artillerysupportwascalledfor.
The wavesof skirmisherssweptforward, forcing French
picquelstoretirehastily.Takingcoverin theabatistheyopened
a heavyfir€ of aimedshotson the Frenchlines.
A 'murderouJ'firewasMontcalm'sopinionandhissoldiers
returnedit, obedientto Montcalm'sordersoflhe previousday,
rhatthereshouldbeno volleyfire, thatallshotsshouldbeaimed
andmadeto count.The Frenchtroopswereallow€dto fire at
will, throughoutthe battle.Behindthe skirmishers the British
marchedintoposition,unitsbecomingdelayedandunformedin
the woodedterrain.Consequently at 12.30pmthe attackof the
Britishright divisionbeganbeforethe centredivisionandleft
wing had formedproperly.The right wing, consistingof the
27th,2nd/601h and4tl/60th supportedby the Grenadiersand
Lighrpicquets of the€entre,attackedtheleft ofthe Frenchline.
La Salrepoureda heavyfireintothemastheyadvanced slowly
throughthe abatisandtheir own skirmishers. On theypushed
with fixedbayon€ts until the Frenchfire forcedthemfu her to
the right and the atta€k collapsedwith confusedtroops
struggling amidthe abatis.
Thecentrecolumn,consisting of thezl4thandlndependents,
now advancedon Languedocand Berry, and despiteheavy
casualtiesthey could not be stopped.The inexperi€nced
soldiersofBeffybeganto falter,menleftthe firinglineonly to
be facedby thebayonets ofGrenadierswhodrovethembackto
theirduly.
NowthethirdBritishattackapproached Roussillon.The46th
attackthe French;manytastingbattlefor the first time rerired
assaultedthe heightsin vain and retired with the lgth and quickly.
Independents, who had finally recoiledjust yardsfron the At 5.00pma ne ousanddisbelieving Abercromby,directing
entrenchments. Th€abatiswaslitteredwithdeadandwounded. the battlefrom to milesto the rear. ordereda further attack.
Fr€nchmen wer€changing musketsastheirbarrelsgrewloo hot Onceagainbattle-hardened, angryHighlandersof rhe42ndand
to useand3rd Berry distributedwaterand ammunitionwhilst 55thRegiments, supportedby Grenadiers, flungthemselves at
collectinglhe wounded. thesmokeshroudedpositionsof BearnandLa Reine,whilstthe
The 42ndHighlandersand 55th Line Regiment(who were 46th,44thandlndependents alsoattackedBeamandGuyenne.
mostlyHighlandScots)hadbeenheldinreserve.Furiousat the The 60thand27thagainadvanced, firing heavilyagainstLa
failureto takethe heighlsandjoinedby the Grenadienof the Sarre and Languedoc.Provincial Regimenrsadvancedin
centrerbeyadvanced inpetuouslyagainstthe Frcnchleft. The supportand ski.misheFmoved forward, closingthe range.
wild Highlanderschargedfrom the woods, up throughthe ColonelBourlamaque fell seriouslywounded,Fren€hcasualties
abatistowardsLa ReineandBeam\rho poureda cripplingfire mountedandSenezergues andPrivassteadied the left.
intothem.SeveraltimesDe kvis sentordersfor theCanadians Now the battlefrenzied Highlandershad reachedthe
on his flank to advanceand fire into the flank of the Scottish entrenchment, manyclambered overandfoughthand-to-hand.
column,buttheyretusedto followtheMarineofficersoutofthe Their casualties were enormous,but they fought on. Bearn
entrenchments. Somefled and ColonelTrecesson at Carillon
stubbomlyheld the line until Montcalm,LevisandGrenadier
fired cannonuponthem-The remainingMarineandCanadian reservesarrived.CaprainCampbelland thoseScotswho had
nilitiadidenfiladetheScottish€olumn, butweredrivenbackby brokenthroughw€re bayonettedby overwhelming oddsand
sknmishing Provincials. FuriouslytheFrenchloadedandfired, theattackwasrolledba€k.
thickpowdersmoke cl'ngingto the heightsuntil the Scotswere Morefutile chargeswere shotdownandrepulsed.
hahedanddrivenback. At 6.00pn the 60thand 27ththrew one lastassauhagainst
On the left Ll. ColonelPoulhaiezof RoyalRoussillonwas BerryandRoyalRoussillon.but werestoppedby concentrated
rushingwith his Grenadiersand Lightsto aid the Frenchgap fire andthe attackpeteredout.
guard.Bargesweresailingdowniver to outflankthe French By 6.30pn the Regularcand Provinciahwere retiring all
positions.Duprat's and Bernard\ volunteersand the river alongtheline,marchingthroughthewoodsin sullenangerback
batterywere receivingthem with a fiercefire, and with the to camp,expectingto attackagainthe next day. Skiinishers
arrivalof Poulhariez theattackwasbeatenoff. Two bargeswere continuedfiring until around 7.00pmwhen the soldiersof
sunk and bodiescoveredthe surfaceof the river; the rest Bearn,galledat the€onstantharassing fire,climbedthelogwall
retired. andchasedawaythe lastofthem.
AII along lhe lines Rangefs,Lights, batteauxmen and In the abatis1,600British Regularsand 400Provincials lay
Provincials fired on the palisade.The angryBritish Regulars deadand wounded.Perhapsanother2,000to 4.000suffered
r€formed,demandinganotherattackwhilst blu€, gre€nand Iight wounds.The 42ndHighlandersalonehad lost203killed
browncoatedProvincialResimentsmarchedinto the abatisto and 298 wounded.In the French lines the trooDscheered
24
MonlcalmandhisStaffastheytouredthe line;527Frenchmen
laydeadandwounded:theyhadwon agreatbut costlyvictory.
ri .-.- .i $GEIlGt-
rnI (oY /:\ ? 3! E'el - . rc. r " d , .r 6 L 5 , D D
The next day scoutsbroughtthe surprisingnewsthat the 0s2r 4$e (a'\ rrP)
British had gone, leaving a lrail of abandonedweapons, w! d ddrbR cmpre r!*dsh rRknr6ai dsn B&u!dtu is! e€tu$rd.
equipment,boats,suppliesand evensomeof their wounded.
hnstid.'is.i&eG'r) cd.6.dddb.5rE 6rlrca46idtrn4liddd*tuh
Abercromby'snerve had desertedhirn. He had sharnefully
hi odu. s. (c', Grs) !d6 6nMd*dd
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 25

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.AMOST
VITITINOUS.TOOKING
CAVAI,CEDE'
TheAfghanRegularArmyta the 19thCentury
Part 1:HlstoryandOrganlsatlon
By lan Heath
Despit€the fact that Afghanistan had a regular army from the
nme the kingdom qas [irsr estabhshed.there remains a Finallytherewasthe infantry,arned chieflywith matchlock
tendencyto think of all 19thCenturyAJghanEghtingmenas and sword, who constitutedat most about a quarterof the
nothing more than undisciplined and indifferently armed rcgular army. By the beginningof the 19th Century these
tribesmen.Amongwargamers this misapprehension canprob- includeda few hundredmen describedby Elphinstoneas
ably be excusedby the generalinaccessibility of reliable 'dressedin imitation of our sepoys',doubtlessin British
informationon the regulars,coupledwith the fact that, until cast-offsjust asthe armysubsequently wasundertheBarakzai
now, no manufacturerhas producedappropriatefigures. dynasty.
However, since thh situation has just been rectified by Theoretically organisation wasdecimal,basedon thedalg or
Wargames Foundry,now would seemto be the idealtime to sectionof 10 men under a dalgi-nusht ot dnhbaehi(leadet of
providebasicdetailsof the organisation and dressof the 19th ten). Ten sectionsconstituteda 100-mancompanyf.awali)
CenturyAfghan regulararmy (with apologiesin advancefor the commandedbya tawa i-mushr ot Juzba&i (leaderol100);ten
inevitablebiastowardsthe periodof the SecondAfghanWar companiesmadea regimerr f&ndak) of 1,000men, under an
andihe Russo-Afghan borderclashes). officer variously known as a kundak-nurb, begbashi ol
mingDorli(leaderof 1,000)iandtwo or rnorekxndatumadea
bigade (gi@' or mufroza) under an amilr'-larrkaf. However,
THE DURAM RXGULARARMY units of more indeteminate size called dxrleltJ also €xisted,
Afghanistan's bri€fcareerasa virtualCentralAsiansuperpow- comprising severalhundredup to severalthousandnen.
er from the end ofthe 18thCentury to the beginningof the 19th
owedmuchto the existenge ofits oska -munazzanor regular
arny, established in 1747by the kingdom'sfounder,Ahned TI{E BARAKZAI RIGULAR ARMY
ShahDurani. This wasa largelycavalryforce,the nucleusof Confrontedby the vigorousexpansionof its Sikh neighbours
whichconsisted of a sizeablebodyofpaid tlaves', enlistedfor andweakened by civilwars,the Duranikingdomdisintegrated
life. .alled theghulam-kh4ra. Theseat firct consistedpredomi- into a plelhoraof vi uallyautonomous petty statesduringthe
nantlyof Persians who had'attachedthemselves to the Durani early decadesof the 19thCrntury. The ove(hrorvnDurani
govemment'rbut by the endofthe 18thCenturyalsoincluded dynastywasbrieflyrestoredasa resultof Britishintervention in
Khorasanians, KalmucksandKurdsamongst others.However, r$9-42 (the Fint Afghan war), but the real power in the
in the early lgth Certury, whenthe gtu lan -kfiara number€d countrywasnow in the handsof the Barakzaiclan undet its
over13,000 men,abouta thirdwerestillofPersianorigin,thes€ chieftainDost Mohammed,lvho had madehimselfmasterof
beingthe Oizilbashes (Persianised Turks introducedinto the KabulandKandaharby 1834andreignedasAmir 1835-39 and
country in 1737),deemedto be more reliable than native ru2-63.
Afghans. Consistinglargely of cavalrybasedon a paid nucleusof some
The rest of the cavalry wasprovided by tribal chieftainson a 12,0txlQizilbashroyal guardsmen,backedup by about 50
semi-feudal basis,in exchange for grantsof tax-freeland and field-guns, 200camel-mounted rlalargr andasmallcontingent
cash allowancesproportionateto the number of mounted of disciplinedinfantry ('if such a term may be used when
soldierseachretained.Armamentof all cavalrymen consisted speakingof it' observes Vigne),his army wasat first virtually
chieflyof matchlockand sword,thougha few of the besthad indntinguishable from that of the Duranis. However, the
lances,and by the beginningof the 19th Centurysomehad examplesetby British-officered Afghanregimentsestablished
flintlocks.Initiallyarmourhadalsobeenin widesFeaduse(in in Kabul duringthe brief Durani restoration,alongwith the
the form of spikedhelmets,mail corseletsandPersian-stylechal lessons lea ed from havingiimself hired a handfulof foreign
aina andbazubands),znd smallcircularshieldswerecamed, instructondu ngthe1830s,'inspired DostMohammed,on his
butthe useof bothwasin de€lineamongstregularsby the l9th retum to po*er in 1842,to continuewith the reformsalready
Century.2. underway- pdncipallythetlanslerofemphasisftom cavalryto
The secondmost importantelementof the army was its infantryand the adoptionof European'style regiments- and
artillery,whichwassizeable - a nativespyin 1793repo(ed to reorganise his standingarmy alongEuropeanlines,usingthe
the British that therewasasmanyas644gunsscatteredamongst Anglo'Indianarmy asits model.This rcsultednot only in the
the kingdom's{ortresses, as well as 26 piecesavailableto the adoptionof Bitish'styleuniformsandweapons,but alsoin the
field army.'In 1809,however,Elphinstone considered its guns useof the Englishlanguagefor wordsof commandand drill
'muchworsein all respects thananyI haveeverseenamongthe instruction.
native amies of India'. More impressivewere the several This new regufararmy, calledthe sipahi-munazzam, rc-
hundred light swivel-guns- varioudy known ^s shahee$, mainedrelativelysmalluntil agreement wasreachedwith the
shahangsor zamburuks- that were mounted singly or in pails Britishat the beginningof 1857(on accountof the outbreakof
on the backsof camelsand did not evenhaveto be takenoff war betweenBdtain and Persia)that, whilst maintainingits
them to be fired. Ahmed Shahhad asmanyas700of thesein cavalryand artilery at their establishedlevels,Afghanistan
1747,andin 1793his sonandsuccessor Timur Shahhad896in shouldhenceforthmaintain'not lessthan 18,000iflfantry,of
his centnl army as well as another 2,600 'fit for sewice' (in which13,000shall be regulars',whichis saidto haveinueased
'unfif) throughoutthe rest of the
additionto 3,270deemed the strengthof Dost Mohammed's forcesby 8,000men.When
kingdom. Elphinstonementionsthe existenceof 7-800in 1809, the lndianGovernmentsent amilitarymissionto h€lptratuthe
andthey were still being fielded in significantnumbers30 years Afghan regular army later the same year it was found to
 2:7
comprisesome 16 regimentsof infantry, tbree of cavalry, and
nearly90 guns,sdistributedthroughout the country asfollows:
Wherecan I lind 2000MilitaryBooks?
bfantry CavalrJ Artilery ln the
Aq Chah
Balkh
I regrment
3 regiments 2r€giments
2fi€ld-guns
16field-guns
KENTROTMANCatalogue
Bamiar I regiment 2 mountain-guns of course!
Farah I regiment 4field-guns
Girishk I regiment 4field-guns
Ghazni l rcgiment 4 field-guns
Kabul 2 regiments 18field-guns,
2 siege-guns,
l mortar
Kandahar 3 regim€nts l regiment 12field-guns,
2siege-guns,
2 mountaiD-guns
Kalat-i-Ghilzai lregiment lfield-gun,
3 mountain-guns
Kohistan I regment 2 freld-guns,
2 mountain-guns
Zamindwar l regiment 4fieldguns

TIIE ARMY IJNDERSIIERALI ANDYAKI]B KHAN

Dost Mohammed'seldestson Albar Khan wasopposedto the
Westemisation of AJghanistan's amed forces, favouring
instead the use of traditional tribal levies, but he died long
before his father and it was Dost's third son Sher Ali who
succeeded to the lhronein 1863.However.the succession was
bitderly disputed,and it wasonly after severalyean of fighting
(f86{-69) - during which the throne was seized by his
half-brothers Mohammed Aftal (d.1867) and Mohammed
Azin (d.1869)- that SherAIi could resumehis father\ military
reforms. A meeting with the Viceroy of India in March 1869
providedhim with a considerable amountof inspirationto this
end, as well as more substantial assistancein the form of a
sizeable sumof money,twobatteriesof gunsand6,500muskets,
the 6rst of many such gifts he was to rcceive fuom the British
(totaling over 34,000nuskets, rifles and pistolsup to 1873).
Every year thereafter Sher Ali spent almost a quarter of
Aghadstan's total revenue on his army. He is said to have
improvedits financesso that men were paid more regularly; to
haveincreas€dits sizeby convertingnumerousmilitia units into
regular regiments; and to have translated British training
manualsinto Pushtu and Persian,so that words of command
beganto be givenin the vemacularrather than in English.He is
even said io have introduced regular canteen arrangements.
However, his pdncipal contribution to the army's rcform
processwasin the improvementof its dressand armament.
Sher Ali's other refo.ms, padcularly his attempts to
regularisehissoldien'pay, werelesssuccessful,andthe average
Afghan soldier's lot was consequentlynot a happy one. For a
start his enlistment was not voluntary, conscription as intro-
duc€dby Dost Mohammedandvigorcuslyenforcedby SherAli
beinga systeDof'forcible seizureof able-bodiedmenfiom each
district'. And servicewasfor the term of the conscripfslife - or
at leastuntil ageor infirmity rcnderedhim unfit - often far fron
home (common practice being to posaunits at some distance
ftom the place of their resuitment) with little hope of €ver
gettingleave.ln addition he waspaid soirregularlythat robbery
wasoften resortedto simply to securelife's necessities,Bellew
recordingthat soldien generallyreceivedtheir aheadyinadequ-
ate pay only once every four or five months(in 1879the pay of
somedoopsin Kabul wasactually1l monthsin arrea$),and
that 'even then thev r€ceive but about a fifth Dortion of their
actualdues.'6Men who sold their musketto tryand makeends
meetwerehanged,and the punishmentfor evenminor offences
was normally such a savagebeating with sticksthat the victim
Mailorderis our speciality.
KENTROTMANLTD.
UNITI1, 135 DITTONWALK CAI\4BRIDGE.
cB5 80D
often died. The army'smoralewasthereforeinvariablylow, and
Lumsden'sview was that 'fear alonepreventedmutiny, the
slightestsymptomof which was punishedby instant death
withouta shadowof a trial.'
MohammedAfzal's son Abdul Rahman, who succe€dedto
the throne in 1880 a began to rcinffoduce voluntary
enlistment,consideredthat sher Ali's policy of forcedconscrip-
tion, coupledwith hrsfailure to pmvide regulai pay, rendered
hisarmy 'the mostdiscontented'ihat the country hadeverseen,
and believed that this was the r€ason it made such a Door
showingagainstthe Bdtish in the SecondAfghan war.? British
military men, however, blamed the army's poor pedormance
entiely on the quality of its officers, whose lack of skill and
training condemnedit to play a less importaDt role in any
conflict than its size *arranted. Lumsden's opinion, after
reviewiDgDost Mohammed'sarmy in 1857,wasthat its officers
'knew nothing of their duty. They could go ttuough a few
parademanoeuvres,but confessedtheir total ignoranceof tbeir
practicat applicability', a situation which had not chang€d20
yearslater, whenthe lack of competentmen in seniorpositions
was frequendy commentedon. Though jutrior ot6cers were
occasionallyselectedby merit, seniorofficersnormally got their
appointmentseither by bribery or 'tkough interest as blood
relations, or as slaves, or else as partisans of the chief in
command', regrmental commanden being almost invariably
related either to the Amir himself or some other Barakzai
chieftain.3. Inevitably such arangements only occasionally
result€d in the appointment of capable men to positions of
authority.
By the time hostilities broke out between Britarn atrd
Afghanistanin l8?8 SherAli's army wasmanytimeslarger than
Dost Mohammed'shad ever been. lts manpoweris variously
estimatedas anwheie bet*een 38,000and 80,000men, and
was Drobablvsomewherearound 60.000.The Russianofficer
2a
Grod€kofPreckonedtherewere50-60infantryregimentsand re-established wasintitiallysmallerthan SherAli's had been,
20 cavalry,other sourcesfor 18?8-79 giving62, 65,68 or 72 but had grown to 70-80 infantry regiments,25-30cavalry
infantry regiments;16,20,2l ot 25 cavalryregiments;and regiments and3,500adllerymenby 1893,94, andallegedly100
between200and nighon 400guns.The discrepancies areeasily in{antryregiments,40 cavalryregimentsand 100baxeriesof
explained.A British agent basedin Persia,for instance, artilleryby the endof the century.
recordedin 1875that of the eighr inlantry regimentsthen
stat'onedin Heral'two werein factnevercompleted, andwere,
up to a late date,unarmedand disorganised by desertions',to ORGAMSATION
whilewe know frornotherofficialBdtish sourcesthat, by the
UnderDost MoharnmedandSherAli the officialstrensrhofa
1870s,it hadbecomecommonpracticeto dismissregimentsto pulnrnor inlantryregimcnrwa.800
men.Howerer..eldom
th€ir homeswhen difficultiesarose in paying them." The were more than 600 nen
actuallymustered.so that by the
numberofunilson theactivelistmustthereforehavefluctuated late 1860sthis figure had
becomethe a€ceptedstrengthof a
dramatically. pulrar (a Britishreportof 1879saysthatregimentswere actually
The mostdelailedbreakdownavailablederivesfrornBritish 700men,but that 100ofihesewere'musicians
&c'). Eachwas
intelligencereports,which give the following strengthand conmandedby a colonel,rendered,tenel
by theAfghans,who
distributionin March1878: had aireadyadoptedAnglo-Indianlerminologyby the early-
1860s.The Colonels second-in-command was called a
Infa ry CavalrJ Artil€ry batteries kumaidan(Eommandanr), equivalentto the British rank of
BalkhD 12regiments6regiments 4horse'artillery, maior,
4mountain'anillery,
2bullockdrawn Despitetheirregulation str€ngthbeingfixedat 600,in reality
Herat lTregiments 4horse-artillery. infantry regiments consisted of an)'where betweenfour and 12
2mouniain-artillery.companies, each theorelically of 100 men. but normally
2bullock-dra$'n understrength. Reginental strength thus var'ed enormously,
Jalalabad 3regiments 2regiments lhorse-anill€ry, averaging 450'5t)0men but actually ranging anlvhere between
I mountain-anillery,150 and 1,000. Officiallyeach cornpany, commanded bya kiidr
Kabul (captain), was divided inro two half-companies. each of rwo
14reginents lsquadron 6hoKe-arrillery.
platoonsof25 mencommanded by asnralarorlieutenant. The
6mountain-artillery,
platoonconsisted of threesquads(paila),ofsevento ten men,
2elephant-drawn
Kandahar 4reginents 6reginenrs 2horse-anillery, eachunderthe commandofa lavrlda. or sergeant(sometimes
actuallycalleda sergeant,albeit pronouncedrrlgeon). Each
I mountain-ariillery.
Kunan 3regiments 2reSiments 2horse-anillery, company hadits ownensign(neverdescribed in anysourcethat
(less1squadron2mountain-anillery I have seen, alas,but probablytriangularratherthansquare),
atKabul) whiletheregimenlhada somewhat largerone,usuallybearinga
Maimana'' 4fegiments 2horse-artillery, religious inscription. Grodekoff recordsthat a regimentt
Coloun were considered just as importantas in a European
1mounlain-anillery,
army, and that the men were expectedto'defend it to the
Sheraband': 5reginents thorse-anillery, death'. ln additioneach companyhad a bugler. battlefield
1mountain'anillen commands beingrransmitted by buglecalls(which.unsuprising,
ly, a Britishofficerdescribes being'thesameasours'),trandat
leastsomeregirnents hadfull bands.Bythe 1880s eachregiment
Theevenlsof1878-80 aretoowell-knownto warrantrcpetition also had a chaplain (nu ah\, physician(hakim) and surseon
here. Sufficeto saythat followinga seriesof defeatsby the (yalfai), but lhis is lesslikelyto be true of the 1870s,whenai
British, djsaffectionled to mutiny and the massdesertionof Heral in 1877.for instance.the entiregarrisonappearstohave
numerousAfghanregimentsihroughoutthe country.Refusal beenthe responsibility of just one physicianand one surgeon
to acceptthesubmission ofSherAli s sonandsuccessorYakub(thoughtherewasa /rrldft to eachIBOmen).
Khan to the British in May 1879obligedhim to abdicat€in Regularinfantrymennormallycarrieda knife, a musketor
October.declaringthat he no longerhad any controlover his rifle completewitb bayonet,at leastone ammunitionpouch
troops.Resistance wassubsequently ted by his brotherAyub containing40 rounds,a weeks or even a month'sprov;sion
Khan.GovernorofHerat. whoseowncontingentof the regular (/od), and beddine.The bayonetwas usuallythe standard
armyincludedat leastnineor ten. andpossiblyasmanyas 13, Britishthree'edged.l8" variely,lhougha few Rifle Regiment
infantry regimentsand three cavalryregiments.all under sword-bayonets alsoappearto havebeenin use. In 1857the
strength,plus five field-batteries (one of 12-pdrArmstrongs firearm carned bv most men was the Brown Bessflintlock
andfour of6-pdr snoothbores,plusiwo rifledg'pdrs)andone musket,only a fewcompanies havingrifles.Thoughthe British
mountain-batteryof 4-pdrs,or3Sgunsinall (otherssay30,32or suppliedDost Mohammedwith 4.000percussion musketsthe
3?). It was with this force. supportedby sev€ralthousand sameyear, their widespreadadoptionwas delayedby the
tribesmen.that he inflictedthe only defeatthe Britishsuffered Afghans'inabilityto manufacture percussion caps(a process
duringtheefltirewar. at MaiwandinJuly 1880.TheBritishhad only finally masteredunder Sher AIi). Fron 1869onwards
meanwhilesetup a puppetgovemmentat Kandaharunderits firearmsbecamegraduallymore varied. rangingfrorn th€
Govemor,the tvali SherAli Khan (nephewof Dost Moharn- Brown Bessand two'groovedBrunswickrifle of Peninsular
med),whoseregulartroopscomprisedfive infantryregiments, war vintage,to Mini6. Enfieldand Sniderrifles.Enfieldsand
one cavalryregiment,and one field-batteryof smoothbore SnidersDredominated followins their introductionin 1873
6'pdrs. This entire force deserteden masseshortly before (comprisingS6% of the total by 1878.of which roughly
Maiwand,mostofthemjoininsAyub Khan. three-quarters were Enfields).Most were providedby the
Before withdrawing from the country in 1881 Britain British, but about a third were lessreliablecopiesmadeby
recognised Ayub Khan'scousinAbdur RahmanasAmir, but nativeoaftsmen,in whichthe poor rifling of the barrel soon
Ayub opposedhis succession, defeatinghim at the Battle of becane so fouled as to render ihe weapon effectivelya
Karezin Julybeforebeinghimselffinallydefeatedat Kandahar smoothbore.During the 1880sthe Snidergraduallyreplaced
in September. The regulararmyAbdur RahmansubsequenllylheEnfield.to berepla€ed in turn bytheMartini'Henry(Abdur
 29
Rahmanrec€ivedhis first few thousandof theseat the end of Notfotk orsanisatio| of watcants prcknE:
1884)and,eventually, the Lee'Metford,thoughold percussion
musketscould stillbe foundin usealongside theseuntilatleast
1888.SomeRussianand Germansmallarmswerealsobeing

N,o,t'4,6
impo(ed by the 1890satthe latest,notablythe Berdanrifle.
Despitethe qualityof theirfirearms,however,the standardof
musketryin the AJghanArmy wasnotoriously poor, this being
easily explainedby (r) their lack of practice Lumsden
recordedin 1857that'there wasscar€ely a decentshotamong
them', because'ex€eptwheflthey were on actualservice,the
15thJuly1995
Saturday,
men never fired a shot of balled cartridee';ra(2) the faulty
sightingof the dfles manufacturedin the Afghans' own
1 0 . 0 0a . m .- 5 . 0 0o . m .
workshops,hardlyanytwo of whichshotalike,alongwith the
poor rifling of suchpiecesand other technicalshoncomigs;
Hall,
St.Andrew's
and(3).hequalityofAghangunpowder, whichfouledthebore Norwich.
so badlyaffer only four or five roundsthat the recoilaffected
Norlolklsb-ggesilEplayof mode
Cavalryregiments consistedof 300menin DostMohammed's
time,increasingto400underSherAli, whileGeneralSoboleff
soldiers andwargaming. I
givesthe higherfigureof500;certainlyin 1883a fewreginents
25+ I taoets
were500or evefl600-strong, andftom 1899the lattei actually
becamethe standardstrengthofa cavalryregiment.The small
Manyparlicipation
games
subdivision wasagainthepaila or squad,often men(latersix) Bringand Buy
underthecomnandofa ddladdror sergeant. The squadswere Re-enactment Socieiies
organisedinto 'half-hundredj each apparently under a iflna- Displaysby BMSS,
dal, two of whichmadeup a squadroncalleda tu/p ('hundred') FlatFigureSociety
underthe commafldof a lieutenantor rirdldar.Usuallyfour anomucnmore,
squadrons, sixor eveneight,nade up a flrala
but occasionatly
G€neralEnquies: CmeE:
PaulHooper MalcolmEve
Afghanssuftendetingto the British at Fort Mwjid, November 01601898641 0t493Aa474 0t362 695115
1878.Theman at lefi is one of the 600 Khassadarmllitiamen of
thegardson,whilethe buttonsandshoulder-straps of the oth€r Admission
: Adults
€1.50 50D
Children
two menh jackets, and rhe proferred belt completewith
bayonet,indicatethattheyareregulars.
30
or cavalryregiment.As in the infanlry, each companyand
regimenthad its own distinctivestandard,eachregimentalso SIMON'S SOLDIERS
having a mountedband consisting of two flutes and {our A professional painting seMc€ fo! wa€aie6 bY a wtugda.
side-drums.Standardcavalryarmamentcompriseda cured All scales cateled for {up to 11omd but 15tm a speciallY, with a
of stddards available to suil Your last€ and Yout pock€i.
swordand a smoothboreor rifled, muzzleloadingpercussion n@ber
carbine,thelatterusuallyslungacross theback.Somemenalso For a lslm s4ple send xr.so lo 14 Cae Ffynno., Ba.lla,
possessed pistolsor, very occasionally, revolven(still a rarily Bddgdd, Mtd. Gld. CF3! 2HG or c@taci
Slrnon Chdlegorth on 0656 768556 for dehrls.
evenin the 1880s).One regimentbasedat Kandaharis also
recordedpracticingwith the lanceasearlyas 1857,but lancers
only made their official appearancea/rer the SecofldAfghan r Hari Ram Gupta 'Tirnur Shah's Anny in 1793'.Iounal of
war, and even then were apparendyrestrictedto regiments Indian HistorJ xx, 1941.
raisedinTurkestan. a Pdncipalamongthesewere two British officen who had
Though Afghan regular cavalry frequently demonstrated servedin the SikhArmy, CampbellandLeslie(aliasRattray);
their willingnessto take on their Anglo'Indiancounterparts, an American adventurernamed Josiah Harlan and a French
theyrarelyfaredwell in suchencounters. whichcandoubtless man called'Argoo', who had both likewiseserv€dwith the
be put downto theirsmallerhonesand,moresignificandy, to Sikhs; and Abdul SamadKhan, a Persian.Various other
their inadequate training(mostof their drill, for instance,was instructors wer€nativeNCOSwho haddesertedftom the Sikh
carriedout onloot).TheBritish€onsidered themtheequivalent or Indian armies.After embracingIslam, Campbellbecarne
of mountedinfantry,or at bestlightdragoons. Commander-in-Chiefof the AJghanforcesin Balkh under the
lndividualregiments,whetherof infantryor cavalry,were nane Sher Mohamned Khan. See Vartan Greloi.an The
generallyraised from a specifi€tribe ;n a specificarea, Eneryenceol ModernAfshanistan, 7969.
inevitablyresultingin occasionalfriction beiweer regments 5 SoH.B. Lumsdenestimated(PeterS. Lumsdenand George
composed ofrival ethnicgroupsor traditionalenemies,Kabuli R. Elsmie lar8den ol the Guides,1899).However,H.w.
and Herati regiments in particularoftenbeingrecordedcoming Bellewreckonedthereto be 17or l8 regiments of infantry,plus
to blowswithoneanother.By theSe€ond Afghanwar periodat three or four of cavalry and perhaps 100 gulrs (lournal of a
thelatestmostwerenamedafterthetribeor localityfromwhich Po\ncol Missionto Afghanistanin 1857, 1862).
lheywererecruited(examples includingtheJarji,Mohmandai, 6 Bellew 1862.The mutiny by threeregimentsthat led to th€
Kohistaniand KhanabadiPulranr.and the Abassi,Hizdah massacre of the British missionin Kabul in September1879
NahriandHaidariRiralarto namebut a few).Some,however, resultedfroma disputeregardingoverduepay.At leasta dozen
got their namesfor other reasons,such as the A/dali or otherinfantryregiments appearto havedesertedfor the same
'Orderly' Pxrans, which were the Amir's householdtroops,
reasonduring the nexttwo weeks,while threecavalryregiments
andthe Znaifli Rrra/o.thusnamed'asa rewardforits excellent whichdemanded theirown arrea^weredisbanded.
conducf in a victoryover Turcomanraiders.A few (suchas 7 Mir Munshi Suftan MahomedY.J'anThe Life of Abdur
'BahadurKhan's')were evennamedafterspecificofficers,or
Rdrna, (2 vols),1900.The extentofthe army'sdiscofltentis
bore namesof religioussignificance. In additionsomesort of apparentfrom the numberof occasions on which regiments
numericalsystemalsoappearsto havebeenin use,the Zmaini were called upon to surrendereither their arms or their
havingpreviouslybeen the lsth River Regiment,while the ammunition,especially in 1879-80.
BritishMissionto Kabul in July 1879wasescortedby the 9th " Bellew1862.
Regimentof Amir's Cavalry'. 'N. Grodekoff, trandated to Charles Marvin Color,€l
There was officiallyno larger tactical unit than the regiment Grodekoff s Ridefron samarcandto Herut, 7880.
until towardsthe end of the century:largerformations,most to Collectionof lou ab andRepots ReceivedIrom Captainthe
commonlyof twoto four regiments, beingof a purelytemporary Hon. G.C. NapietonSpecialDuty in Persia,1876.
nature.Severalregiments servingtogetherwete referredto asa 11Ironicallythiswastheonly way an Afghansoldierwaslikely
/arftkdlor army,or laterafz!./ or corps, given the nameofthe to getanyleaveuntil Abdur Rahman'stime(whena systemwas
localityin *hich il wasba'edor qassening.Corpscompnsrng introducedwherebya soldiermightbegmntedleaveifhe could
{ourregimentswere thecommandof a b?.8ed(brigadier),those orovidea substitute).
of eightregiments beingcomnandedby a/tnral(general). e Grodekofftellsusthata thirdof theAmirate'smilitaryforces
In additionto the infantryand cavalry there was also, by lhe werecustomarilymaintainedin AfghanTurkestanfor fear of
1880s, a regiment of engineers called the Safor nina (a invasionby Abdur Rahnan,thenin exilein Samarkand. Even
corruptionof'sappersandniners'), organised Iike an infantry whenfacedwiih theBitish threaton hiseastemfrontierin 1878
regiment.ln all probabilitythis wasone of Abdur Rahman's SherAli only withdrewsixregrments from Turkestan,accord-
ownreforms,aswasthe establishment, by 1886,ofa 2o0-strong ing to Grodekoffleavingbehind 12 infantry regiments,12
corpsof signallers equippedwith heliographs. cavalryregiments and30-40guns.(Thesefiguresdon'ttallywith
thetable,butrheydateto OctoberratherthanMarch).
'3 CharlesGrayRobensonKurum, Kabul& Kandahat,1881.
NOTES raThingsmay haveimprovedby the time the Russiangeneral
Sourcesotherthanthosecitedin the noteswill be listedat the Soboleffwrote 20yearslater,claimingthateachAfghansoldier
'hadto fire ten roundsat a mark', thoughthe frequencyof such
tMountstuart Elphinstone,4n Account of the Kingdon of practiceis not madeclear-he se€nsto implythatit took place
Caubul,1815. every day, which cannotpossiblyhave been the case(L.N.
2 Nevertheless, as late as 1838a sketchby G.T. Vigne of an Soboleff, translatedby w.E. Gowan The Anelo-AlShan
Afghan cavalrycommander(Dost Mohammed\ son, Akbar S,rugg&,1885).Howard Hensman,on the other hand (?r€
Khan) still showshim in armour and with a shield (,4 Nardttve Afqhan wat of 1879-80,1881), wastold by an Afghansoldier
'eachmanonly receivedthreeroundsof ammunitionper
of aVbit to GhuznL Kabul andAfghanistan,l8/,o), andeven40 that
vearsafterthis theRussianmissionreceivedat Kabulnotedthat yearwith whichto gaina howledge ofhis weapon'.
Sher Ali was accompaniedby zitih-posh or mail-armoured
cavalry,albeit now apparentlyrelegatedto a purely ceremonial N€xtmonth: Ardllery, Guard Units, Militia.
 31

BANANAREPIIBTICS
By RussPhillips
o LEEDS
\ryARGAMES
CLUB
PRESDNTS
Thismodernnavalmini-campaign
in anevening,usinganyreasonably
is designedto be playedout
sirnplemodernnavalrules
'Bananarepublic".
U FTASCO 95
Each player conlrols the navy of a
recentlymaderich by the discoveryof oil fieldsoff the coast. V) SATURDAY24 JUNE
The sudden incleasein the nation's wealth leads to the ARMLEYSPOMSCENIIIE
expansionof the navy (previouslyconsistingof a few small LEEDS12
customscraft). and lo a desireto useitl The shipswhich are
availablefor sale,however,are "castoffs" from othernavies, lr{ DOORSOPEN10am
whichmeansthe supplyisslowandunpredictable, andnoneof
th€shipsareparricularlyeffecdve,sinceno-onewantsto supply fli FREE
PARKING
ADJACENT
stateof the art lechnologyto suchunpredictable and warlike
WARGAMES
Make up a list of availableship classes,as shownin the PLAYBYMAII,
examplebelow,limitingthe typesto fastatiackcraft,older or
lesseffectivefrigares,etc,with possiblyoneor two betterships BRINGAND BUY
included. (Burplease,noSlavsorTiconderogasl)Eachclasshas
li.redrhenumberol modelsavailable. anda minimump'ice. * FIASCOAWARDS
The list shouldhave10, 12or20classes. TRADEFAIR
(30+ STANDS)
EXAMPLESHIPLIST CAFETERIA& BAR
Send SSAEfor dctr'ls of how you could win!20 in lhe
ShipClass No. P ce Dlo annual |IASCO awards;for dvance tickets include
OsaII 2 1 :l.50perpcNon.
Nanuchka 4 3 2
CONTAOT S.ROYEN,30 IIAICHWOOD ROAD, LDSDS 15166PB
Tarantull 4 2 3
Knox 2 3 4
O.H. Perry 2 4 5
Sovremenny 2 tu s to outbid the other player,or pass.The playerwho
MiG-21 2 4 7 outbidsall otberplayerspaysthe staiedoumberof points,
P 3COrior I 6 8 andreceives the ship-
Tango 2 1 9 4. If a ship hasbeenpassedover by all players,it cannotbe
Charliell I 4 1 0 boughtthatturn.
5 . The playerwhoseturn it is canopt 1ostayin port, in whi€h
Eachplayerstartswith 15points-Extra pointsto buy new casehe simplypassesto the n€xt player.If he decidesto
shipscanbe earnedbyvictoriesatsea.The moresuccessful the altackanotherplayer,he stateshisintention,andthe valu€
navyis,themoremoneythegovernment will bewillingtospend of the shipshe will use.The attackedplayerpicksa number
on it. A numberofshipsequalto doubleth€ numberofplayers ofshipsequalto or lessthanthevaluestatedby theattacking
is madeavailableonturn 1. thereis no needto roll. player,anda combatis fought.
6. Playersgain 2 pointsfor eachdamaged enemysurfaceship,3
pointsfor eachenemyaircraftorsubdestroyed, and6 points
SEQUENCEOFPLAY for everyenemyshipsunk.
1 Determinehowmanyshipsareavailable. Shipswhicharedamaged duringa combatcannot be usedfor
2. Userandomdierollto determinefirst classavailable. onecampaignturn.
3. Playersbidforsbip. wheneveraplayerbuysa ship,heshouldnotethe pricepaid
4. Go backtostep2 untilallshipsavailablethisturn havebeen for it. Thepricepaidis thevalueofthe ship,usedwhenworking
boughtorrejected. out the valueof the forcesin step5 above,andin determining
5. Theplayerwhose tostayin port,orto attack
tum it is decides victory(seebelow).
anotherplayer. The campaigniinishesat a time agreedat the start of the
6. Theplayeisinvolvedin thecombataddanymoneytheyhave gaine,or aftera fixednumberofturns.Thewinneris theplayer
earnedto theirtotalavailable. with themoslexpensive navy.
ofthe abovestepsaregivenbelow:
Explanations
1. Roll a D6. This is the numb€rof shipsthal arefor salethis
campaignturn. Note thanon tum 1, the numberof shipsis 5O,OOO+SECONDHANDWARGAMESFIGURES
fixedat doublethe nunber ofplay€rs. Alwaysin stock.All scales.
Mostmanufacturers.
2. Rolla D10.This identifiesthe classofshipthatis for sale.If SAEstatingintercstsfor liststo:
all the modekavailableofthis classhavebeenbought,treat A,J. Dumelow,
it asifno-onewantedto buythisship- 53StantonRo{d, Stapenhill,
3. Theptayerwhose turn it is eitherdecides
not to buyth€ship, Burton-on-Tr€nt,StafrsDEl5 9RP.
or placesa bid. This first bid may neverbe lessthan the Telephone:(02E3)530556.
ninirnum price given in the table- Playersthen take il in
32
THINGSTHATGOBI'MP IN THENIGHT
NavalNtg;htFtghttngTacttcsln WorldWarII
by Paul French
As a navalwargamer.Iadmitto a particularinterestin aclions
at night.DuringWorldWar II therewerea numberofincidents
when,undercoverof darkness,decisivevictoneswerescored
over suDeriorforces.Few rulesreflectthe effectof confusion
and training in such engagements. I had int€ndedto give
accountsof a grcaternumberof actions(somewell known,
othersperhapslessso), and then to try to identifythe salient
pointsfor wargamento considerfor modificationsin their
rules.Duringresearch for thisarticlehoweverlfound,perhaps
notentirelysurpdsingly,thattheproblems,errorsandsolutions
weremuchthesameforallthemajorparticipants andtherefore
decidedto con€entrale upon two lesserknownactionsin the
Channelin 1943-44,althoughreferringro otherengagements.
TUNNEL:23OCTOBER1943
OPERATION
This actionin the Channelinlate 1943wasoneofthe attempts
by rhe PlymouthCommandto interceptGerman blockade
runners.The Commandhad otherpriorities,the primaryone
being the escon of coastal convoys,consequentlyforces
available weregenerallya flotillaofHunt Classdestroyers, with
guestappearances frcm fleetdestroyers andcruisers.Thishad
ledto the adoptionof operationalorders(codenamedTunnel)
that were designedso that any shipcouldbe issuedthem and
takepart in the operation.Essentially date.iime and position
werechanged, but little else-Thusthe Germanswere giventhe
opportunityto studyat closequartersthe tact;csemployedand
developtheircounters.
The actionof23 Octobercameaboutbecause o{ the attempt
to move the blockaderunner Munste and from Brest to
Cherbourg.Thesevessels were very difficult to catchas they
movedin shorthopsfrom port to port at night-The escortwas
strong,consistingof a cover group composedof four to six
T-boatsanda closeescortof Sp€rblecrer.minesweepenand as
manyE-boats ascouldbe mustered. The Germanswere ableto
choosetheir time of sailingand were operatingwith experi
encedunits.They alsohadthe advantage o{ shorebased radar
stations.Theirobjectives werequitesimpleinprinciple,contact
with any enemywasto be avoidedif possible:if not lhen the
coverforcewasto drawthe enemyshipsawayfromthe convoy,
auackingany targetsofoppodunity.Theconvoywasto goclose
inshoreand make for the nearestharbour.Followingusual
practisetheT-boatsof the 4th TB flotilla wereconcentrated at
Brest1oform the covergroupwhiletwo patrolvessels andsix
minesweepers formedthe closeescort.
Available at Plymouth were the cruiser Crarybdir and
destroyenGferviA?,RocietandthreeHunlsofthe15thFlotilla
and one from the lst Flotilla- Apart tiom the diverse
compositionof theBritishforce,commandhaddeveloped upon
CaptainVoelekerofCidl)rdirwho hadnot beenin €ommand
ofa surfacestike forcebefore.Hisshiphadspentthe previous
monthsridingAA shotgunon aircraftcarriersin theMediterra-
nean.The SeniorDestroyerOfficerin the Ltnbo,n? hadonly
recentlyjoined the commandand had missedmost of lhe
briefingdueto otherescortduties.
Because of weatherconditionsandmoonlightit wasd€cided
to sweepfuomeastto west,whichmadeit likely that €ontact
would be madewith the covergroupfirst, but wouldavoida
longtail chaseafterthe€onvoy.
As the shipshad not previouslyworked togetherit was
decidedlhat the force would operatein a singleI'ne ahead
underthedirectionofthe SeniorOfficer-In theevento{a chase
in whichHunts€ouldn'tkeepuptheywoulddetachtosweep to
the west.No mentionwasmadeto indicatethe targetvesselor
the facl rhat lhe f-boal.$ere likelylo be pre.enlin rome
numbers.The commanderswere undertheimpression thatthis
wasa'normal patrol,
The forceleft harbourat l9.00hrson 22 October.Following
an uneventfulpassage to the patrol areathe formationsbned
thesweepto the westat 00.30hrs at a speedof 13knots.At this
stag€visibilitywaspoor to th€west,but wasclearingeastwards
behindthe Britishships-Theywereon a reciprocalcourse,but
four milesnorthof the convoyrout€.
Theshorestationat Ploumanach contactedtheformationon
its approachandduly notedthe changeof courseto the west.a
generalwarningwasgivenat approximalely 00.45hn.Knowing
the position,coune andstrengthof the Bilish forcewas,nol
surprisingly,a greatbonus.so the 4th FlotillaT-boatsmoved
away from the convoyto the north, proposingto take up
positionfive miles north of the convoyroute on a parallel
course.The Bdtishforcewouldthusbe silhouetted againstthe
SE horizon.The intentionwasthento launcha torpedoattack
andrerire,drawingthesurvivingBritishshipswiththem.
The Tatybont and wensley.lale picked up the German
warningandlacticalorderson lheir interception equipmentand
dulypassedthis informationon to theClarybdir,indicatingthat
at leastfive andpossiblysix unitswerein closeproximily.At
01.30the Cldrybdr maderadarcontactat 14,000yards ahead.
Unfortunately,shefailedto passon thesecontacts,probably
assuming that the destroyers aho had them-The situationwas
that at 01.30rhe Charybdishad definiteinformationon rhe
enemyposition,but was probablyunawareof their strength.
Tle HunLClas\,lertroycr. wereawarethal Iiveor sixenemy
torpedoboatswereclose.butwcreunawareofth€ir position.
At 01.35Craryrdir signaUedthe enemyposition,by now
merely8,000yardsoffona bearingof270degrees. Coursewas
heldwith the intentionof closingto 6.000yards.At 01.38T23
spottedthe B:itish force. Three min les later ihe Germans
intercepred a spottingrepoi oftwo destroyers at 12,000yards.
Allowing for errorsin rangeit seemedunlikelythat surprise
would be achievedon either sidel There was therefore
enormousconsternation on the Germansidewhenat 01.43a
largeBritishv€sselwasspottedat 2000yardsvi(ually straight
ahead with two destroyersfollowing her- T23 nade an
emergency turn to starboardandlaunchedherfull cornplenenr
oftorpedoes.
Unfonunatelyfor th€ Brilish, organisationbroke down at
just the wrong moment.At 01.42a signalwas made from
Clrrybdirto turn theformationstarboardandto increase speed
together,unfortunately the signalwasmissedby all but oneof
the following ships. At 01.45 Crdryrdir opened fire \rith
siarshell.At muchthe sametime torpedotracksw€respolt€d.
Despiteturning briskly to porr, at leastone hit Crdlyrdis,
disablingtheship.
In makinga sharpport tum whilethe otherBritishshipshad
obeyedthe earlier order to tum starboard,Clarybdir was
plac€dto the port bow approximately4000 yardsfrom the
Io'utrh inline Limbourne, who duly assumedshewasan enemy
andilluminatedherwith rockers.This wasdoublvunfortunate
sincelhis altracredmorerorpedofire trom lhe T22. T2o and
T27, both ar Charybdisandat limborme, whichwasby this
time betweenthem and the cruiser.By this stagethe British
formationwas more concemedwith avoidingcotlisionthan
anythingelse.sincein attemptingto conformro rhe leader's
movements andavoidingtorpedoescontrolhaddisinlegrated.
At0l.52 Limboume\\tashitby a torpedoandsbortlyafterwards
Charybdiswas hit by another.Otherscloselymissedorher
shrps.
The remainingBritish shipswithdrewto the north westto
relbrm. Somedelaywasexperienced due ro the fact that the
CaptainofCrervilewas unawarethathewasnowincommand.
The forcehadre concenrrared by 03.15,afterdetachingtwo of
the Huntsto pick up survivorsftom the Crarybdir,andleaving
one to assistthe Limbowne. Rocket and Grcnvi e swept
westwards afterthe convoy,but,Iailing to makecontacr,they
returned.The crewwasremovedfron l|rnbrane andtheship
wa5(ul(led. I heforceleh lhea'eadt 0o l0hrs.
TheGerman4thFlotillarejoinedtheconvoyandsuccesstully
esconedit inlo Lezardrieux_ IronicallyMlrnsrelardwaslater
sunkby longrangegunsasshepassedthroughthe DoverStrair
duringthenightof20January1944.This actionwassignificant
for it spurredon the formationof a propertytrained and
equippedstrikingforce in theChannel,whoseactionagainstthe
torpedoboats in April 1944is nowdescrjbed.

IF AT FIRSTYOUDON'TSUCCEED
Followingthe actionin whichthe C,ldrybdirhad beensunk,a
strikingforce known as Force26 was formedto rakeon the
Germantorpedoboalsin the Channel-It wasbaseduponthe
10thDestroyerFlotilla,backedup by rhecruisers,Beltoraand yards.Caughlin the illuminationthe Germansmadesmoke.
Black Pince. The whole force had exercisedrosether.with Firewasfirstopenedbythe 3rdSD at02.25.followedshortly
parrrcularemphasr\ on nightactionrandploltrng. afterwardsby Hdiddin the 2nd SD. Unfortunatelyasthe 2nd
SinceGermantacticswereby now quite welt known a new SD moved up it fouled the l;ne for B/dck Prince, which
systemwasadoptedto counterthem. insteadof a largeforce lhereforeturnedawaylostarboardto openth€linefor A turret.
undertighrconrrolot rheSenrorOfficerrheforce\available Fire wasdirectedby radarsincethe T boatsw€reonly rarely
werereducedin size.andin actionwerefurthersub dividedinto visible ironicallywhen they returnedfir€, lackingflashless
Divisions.ln essence the destroyers formedtwo sub divisions cordite.Gunnerythroughoutthe engagement was very diffi-
(SD)placedapproximately a mileanda halfar{J degreesro the ctlt. However, all three German vesselswere sustaining
port andstarboard bowofthecruiser.In rheeventofconlaclthe damagero whichtheywereunableto makeeffectivereply.By
cruiserwouldremainasternof the desroyers,providinglong 02.J5 two were observedto be on fire. Due to a tufet
rangelire and- nore imponanrly- illuminarion.a owingthe m lltutctionBlackPrincewasunableto continuewith illumina-
destroyersto concentrare uponoffensiveaction.The angleoI tion after02.48.Thistaskdelol\edto Ashantirhento H urcn.
approachwas1obe asfine aspossibleto reducethe risk from Plottingthe Germanshipsin what was now a meleewas
torpedoes.So to placethemselves into a positionof torpedo extremelydifficult.It seemslikely that sometimearound02.40
advantage. th€ Germanshipswouldbe requiredro closewith T27peeledoffthe landwardsidewith the intentionofretuming
eilherof the destroyer sub-divisions. to Morlaix.Shewascapableofonly 12 knotsby thistime, but
Force26 wasorderedto carry out a Channelsweepon 25 fireshadbeenextinguished.
April. This was a routine sweep from west to easr. Air It isdifficultto accuratelyestablish
whichGermanshipsnade
reconnaisance waslaid on. but little wasexpectedof ir. Such torpedoattacks.but tncks were reportedon Elack Par?ceat
expeciations weremet andby 01.30no aerialconta€thadbeen 02-52approaching from starboard.Avoidingactionwastaken
madelThe Germansaho hadan operationrunninglhat night. to port. Followingthismove.asB/dckPflflcewasabout10turn
with threeT-boatsmakinga sallyfrom St Malo to carry oot back in supportof the destroyers. ,4rldrti informedher via
defensive rninelaying in thevicinityofLesSepthles.Theyw€re Hesdache rharrheGetmanshadlaunched torpedoes. Therefore
to proceedroBreston completion. BlackPrincefitned a\tay yel again.rakingher turtherout of
Force26 waspickedup by shorestationfrom about01.00 theaction.It is likelythatthetrackswereoftbe threetorpedoes
hours and allegedlyengagedby shorebatteries.thoughno launchedfrom T24 sincethe track chartat 02-57indicatesthe
British ship reported shell splashes.The cerman shore Germanshipsbeingplottedmadea turn to port whichwould
organisation lailedto communicate in timeto thelorpedoboats put them almost parallel to B/ack Pnrce. The torpedoes
and ar 02.00hours the B/ack Princemaderadar contactat reported al 02-52 (if they were actuallytorpedoes)were
21.000yards.At thisstagethe cermansweresreaming at about probablylaunchedby T27.
20knotson a reciprocalcourse. At02.57 Black Ptince lnformedthe destroyers that shewas
At 02.05the rangehadreducedro 18,000yardsand contact disengaging, thoughsheremainedin the areauntil04.00hours
wasconfirmed.Shortlyafterwardsthe cermanswere plotred to coveranybacktra€king by Germanvessels. At 03.25ddtda
makinga turn directlyawayfrom Force26. In order to close nade visualcontactwith a T-boatat approximately 5200yards.
withthe reriringenemyForce26workedup to 30 knots. Apparentlytryingto doublebackthis shipwa! broughtunder
Black Prince finally gave the order to engageat 02.19after fire and stopped.This r{asthe T28, whichhad beenforcedto
allowingthe DesiroyerSub,Divisions to increaseto full speed. drop backdueto damage.By 03.40shewasundercloserange
Black Prince opercd fire with srarshellfrom B Turret. The IiJe bon, bold}]. Haida andAthabascan.
rangeto the torpedoboatswasby thisrime reducedto 13,100 The 3rd S.D. continuedthe pursuitofthe retiringcermans,
34

op.r.doi Tunnel
STARFORTMODETS
For d coFplete ldnge of lsEm delensive wclts,
loweF elc, lroE Ancients lo Ndpoleonics. F9q4
Fully illustEteal calalogue rdlth sccrlepldns.
Seacltl + A4 SSlf to:
27 Arml.y Gtqnge l|t, Le.d. LSl2 3el.

althoughwith the lossofilluminationandPoorradarperform- i;'-- - _r';l

-
an€e due to land massesmaintainingcontactproved very -,-.,-./
con"o" ,:,..
difficult.A coursechangeto theeastinto smokeeffectively lost
contact,compounded by a subsequent changeof courseto the
south'towards'the guns,whichbroughtthembackto T29- by ,)
now a wreckwith the2ndS.D. in closeconta€t.
The final phasewasa nastycaseof too manycooksspoiling
the broth.Due to faultytorpedodrill 16torpedoes werefiredat
rangesbetw€en800and2000yardsat a driftinglarget:non€hit!
To add injury to insult Arrarri and duro" collidedwhilst
wasmuchreduced.Significantly well trainedunits,evenwhen
reforming,causingminor but significantdamaee.However, 'naturally' to smaller sub-
€ohesion was lost, broke down
havingleft the T29 a w:eck,Force26 tumedfor homeat 04 0O action.
hours. T29 went down at 04.20. Of the oth€rsT27 made divisionswhichwerecapableof effectiveindependent
Morlaix, and T24 St Malo. T24 had lost a gun nourt and all Untrainedunitshad a tendencyto break-uponcecontrolwas
lostandtook a longtimeto reform.Duringtheconfused period,
communications. T27 had aho lost a mount and had serious
individual unils seened inhibitedfrom effective action.
damageto her upperuorksandenginerooms.Force26. apart
from collisiondamage,had splinterand sho rangeweapon Fire controlfor all sideswasdifficult.evenwith radar.It is
damage.In conclusionit was a clear victory, althoughnot likelyhoweverthatfirc distributionwasbetterwithtrainedand
entirelyd€cisive.SoundtacticsandtraininghadcertainlyPaid smallerunits.
off, althoughrelativelyspeakingthe British/Canadian forcewas Actionswereeitherdecisivevery quicklyor theybecamean
still inexDenenced. indecisivechaseas the weaker (or apparentlyweaker)side
Post action assessments slronglysuspectedfour Gernan withdre*. At Tassafaronga the time from initialcontactto the
vessels, dueto the reportsof fourcall-signs.
I suspectthateither Amencansopeningfire was 14 minutes;the first Japanese
shorebas€s useda similarcall or that the SeniorOfficerhadan torpedohit sevenminuteslater;the finaltoryedoes launched to
additional one. Also there were unconfirmedrepoft of no efiect after 32 minutes. (On 23 October 1943 from first
E-Boats.It is significantthat T27 wasnot spottedwhenshe contactto the firsttorpedohit on CftdryDdr.r was17minutes.In
doubledback,neithervisually nor by radar. both cases,whichare remarkablysimilarmostof the damage
wasdone in th€ first phaseof engagementand generallywithin
ten minutesofeithergunor torpedofire beingopened.
COMMENTS ONTACTICSADOPTEDAT NIGHT The ForceK actionseemsto be the exceptionto the rule:
from Iirst contactro disengagement took nearly two hours.
I wassurprisedat the amountof commongroundbetweenthe viewed as a number of short sharP
where However, it may be
tacticsadoptedby the participants. The true encounter,
in betweenwhichthe mnvoywas
wasextremely engagements with the escort,
both sidescameacrossthe other unexpectedly was deployed and trained to bing
destroyed. Force K
rare.In generalactionstook placebecause onesidewasaware
warships thatappeared. Theonly
overuhelmingfire againstany
that the otherwasin the areaandhaddecidedro do something is, giventhe apparentinactivityofthe
aspect that surprises me
aboutit. Sour€esof suchinformatioflwere many and varied
convoyandthecloserangeatwhichtheactionwasfought,why
frcm air r€connaissance, coastwatchersandcodebreaking.h
Force K didn't make more use of torpedoesagainstthe
shouldbe notedthat wbile aircraftwere often ableto give a which would (I suspect)have been rather
generalwaming,they provedunreliablefor tacticalinforma merchantships,
quicker than gunfire.
tion. (There are of courseexceptions,€.9. Savo Island.)
Both Japanese andGermansrelieduponthe torpedoin this
Funher,they were known to causemofe Problemsthan they weremanifold:
sortofaction. The reasons
solvedby inadvertently illuminatingfriendlyvessels.
Even with apparentlygood tactical information it was a. Theywerein generalweakerthanthe attacking{orcesand
possible for forcesin the knowto be surprised. Shorebasestook gunnerywoulddisclosetheir positionsto superiorforces.
sometime to confirma contact and pass it through the various They generallyhad infeior tadar outfits and lacked good
communication chainsuntil the informationreachedthe ships gunneryconfol raoan,
b. The standardoftnining washigherthanthe oppositionin
Trainingifl nightactionwasessential, not only in the way in the typeofactionfought.
whichshipsweretooperatetogether,but alsointhe trainingof c. US ta€ticaldoctrineemphasised the use of gunnery,the
€rervsin spotting,plottingand engagingtargets.Virtually all eff€ctiveuseofwhichrequiredminimal evasivemovement
formationsthat were not properlytrainedlost cohesiorafld Germandoctrine/tactics alwaysplacedBritish shiPsinto
control,with the resultthat attacksweremadepiecemeal if at positionsof torpedodisadvantage, thus requiringthem to
all, andthai'blueon blue'became much more likely. rely upon gunnery-which led to similar tacticsto tbe Us.
Trained units required fewer signalsand generallyhad (Thoughdocumenhsuggest that torpedodoctrinewasnot
predetermined responses, thustimein intelshipcommunication
d. At therangesatwhichtheactionswerefoughttheJapanese Coherentdoctrineis required.
and Germansmorefully recognised that the torpedowas Smallunitsarebettersuitedto nightactions.
thedecisivewcapon.sinceonehitwouldat leastdisable
any Actionsareusuallydecisiveveryquickly.
ship. Torpedoesare the decisiveweaponin the suryrise
ln eachcaseconsidered rhe successful
actionwasfoughtby
thesidethathadprepared for theactionandadoptedsmall unit Gunneryis generallyonly decisiveifin overwhelming
tacticstailoredto knownenemyoperatingprocedures. srrengm.
Tight controlby a singlecornmander in the middleor ftont viii- Effectiveapplication
of technology h required.
gaveway to generalordersfrom the SeniorOffi€erwithin a
predetermined doctrine.Thiscane unstuckin thelongerterm,
when the modusoperandiwas idenlifiedand ihe opposilion PRINCTPAL
REFERENCES
wereableto introducecounter-measures. Hold theNa ow Sea,P.Smith,NavallnstiturePress.
ln generalsmallerformations(ideallyno larger than four SeaBallesin CloseUp,M. Stephen,Ian Allan.
vessels)operatedmuchbetterthanlargerones.Larger,closely A Ba le Historyof IJN , P. Dull, NavalInstirutePress
groupedformationsbecamevuinerableto lorpedoattackand TheIJN in WWII, D. Evzns,NavalInsritutePr€ss.
lossofcontrolifa shipmisseda signalor lurnedout oflin€ due ALItheWorld'sFightingShipr.Conways.
to damag€.Alsothe sizeof tbeformationmeanttbatit covered Grddalcdr?dl,
A. Stewan.Kinber.
too muchspace. thusmanyoftheshipswerenotin apositionto ADM199/1038. PRO.
engage.Multiple smallformationsmeanttbat reactiontimes ADM199/263,PRO.
wouldbe quicker.Suchforrnations couldmutuallysupportone
another.eitherin givingwarningorbykeepingtheenemybusy
in onedirectionwhilean atlackwassetup in another.
Clearly in such an action radar or efficienr look-outs SHIPSINVOLVEDIN ACTIONSDESCRIBED
supportedby accurateplotting are requiredto keep track of
friendll,forcesandideniifyenemyones.The westernpowers Ship Class Nationalitt Action
could afford to keep for€esquite well concentrated due to Chalybdir Dido Brit'sh TunnelI
effectiveradar:theJapanese wereIorcedto relyuponoutlying HuntIII
pickets.hencetheirfairlystandardtacticofpicketdesrroyers or
sub'divisionsin largerformations. Tallbonl
It shouldbe noted howeverthar emissioncontrol wasthe
order of the day. By 1943virtuallyall participantshad radar
detectiondevices,whichmeantihar oftenshipswereoperating
Grcnville T-Class
with onlylimit€dradarcoveruntilcontacthadbeenmade.I was
R-CIass
surprisedat the sophisticatedlevels of electronicwarfare
T22 T-22(1939type)German
carriedout in this period. Many shipswere equippedwith
jamming equipmeni,HF/DF. radio inrercept and regular T25-T27
B€llona Bntish Tunnelll
ELINT patrolswere canied out to locateand classifyshore
Tribal
Canadian

CONCLUSIONS T24
Trainingin nightactionsisessential. T27
Trainingis relevantto oppositiontactics. T29
36

TERR,AINONA be mat€hedup ai the cornersor in the middleof the edgeor

edges.
SHOESTRINGBI'DGET Hilh, riverbanksandsunkenroadsareall construcled
the samemethod.Piecesof the brokenpolystyrenetiles are
using

By MickSayce gluedto the board in layersto form a rough hill shape.Use

water based adhesivefor this. Once dried thev can be
when I wasinmyforrnativeyearsasawargamerlusedtogo to complelel)coveredb) papier-machi and agarnlefr ro dry.
the showsandstareat all the decentterrainlayoulson display Smallerpiecesoftile or thin piecesofwavy-edged woodsuchas
andthink to myself - How did they do that?'Asking questions hardboard can be glueddown and covered in the same rnanner
wasall very well, but you receivedanswerslike "Get hold of for riverbanksor sunkenroads.Once this lol has dried out
someyr"plyorsome%"chipboardin 3'squares,makeup some thoroughlyit canbe coveredwith the wood glueand sandas
hill shapesusingoff-culs,coverthelot in runnyPlasterofParis describedaboveand yes. you guessedit leaveto dry. The
andpaini . . . etc- All very well you mightsay.but Plasterof wood glue soaksinto the papiermach€and setsrock hard,
Paris(whichchipseasily) on top of a 3' squareof Ta"chipboard leavingyou with a very large.solidpieceofsandpaper-it also
isnot a verylightitemandwhenmultipliedbyatleastsixyouget quite nicely moonlightsas a wargamesterrain'leaners', board.Furth-
the sortofrleight rhatcanonly be lifled with the aid ofa block ermore.the abrasivesurfacemightnot stopthe but it
and tackle. Therefore. what was required was something cerlainl)mal,e. them thinkl$ice aboul doing il a8ain.
relativelylight,transportable(shouldthe needarise),durable, A pieceof adviceconcerning boardpainting:don'tpaintil in
pleasantto look at but. mosrofall. ascheapaspossible.What onecolourgreenandleaveit - defin;telybland,bland,blandl
nowfollowsis ny guideto lerrainbuilding. Drybrushit all overwith yellowto startwith. followedby faint
drybroshingofwhite. variousshadesof brownandevena touch
ofred. Th€smallemulsiontestersarequitegoodfor someo{the
I. BOARDS
A few strategicdabsof wood gluesprinkledwilh fine djrt
To stan with. forgel three foot squaresunlessyou have a (from country roadsidesor park track edget is usefulas it
dedicatedwargames room or the storagccapacilyof a church
br€aksup the greenandcancoverup a multitudeofsins. The
hall.Twofootoreveneighteeninchsquaresarequileadequate sam€methodmakesinstantpre-macadamised roads/tracks. It
for the task, especiallyif you wargane in 1/300thor lsmm alsohasa greatadvantage overpaintwhenit comestocost. . .
scales.Th€ advantage of two foot or lessis that th€reis more
it'sdirt cheapl(Sorry,Icouldnl resistthatooe.)
possibility offindingthemin awoodyard\off-cutbox.although
Riversrequirea slightlydifferenlmethodofconstruction.If
larger piecesmay be cut down of course.By the way, yr" any raisedbanksare in evidencethen stripsof papier-machd
chipboardis sufficient. needto be laid lengthwise to follow the lineof the river. These
BeforeI go any further. I think a list of necessary itemsis
shouldbe slightlycrinkledalongtheir lengthto representthe
calledfor. currenr.Oncepainred anddrlbru.hedin the necessar) river
Therequirednumberof 'r" chipboardsquares coloursit will needtwo or lhreecoatsofyour favouritevanish
wallpaperpaste(or flour andwater) (preferablygloss).to give it that shinywet look found in all
Polystyren€ tiles
Budgiesand(withthe bitsofshellin it) So.nowyouhavea raiherimpressive setof boardsthatgo to
wood glueor wallpaperborderadh€sive makeup a threedimensionreliefmap.The only lhingsmissing
Dirr (optional seebelow) are the orhermundan€bits and piecesthat go to rnakeup a
1 litre tin ofthe mix while you-wailGrassGreenemulsion landscape-trees.hedges.woods,marshes et al. Fromhereon
Finesawdustorus€ddriedtealeaves(againoptional) in. rnorherrrempla]\a centralrolein an) furlherconstruclion
OId newspapers andthat is hardboard.(The moreaffluentamongstus may be
t '," or 2"paintbrush more inclinedto usemodellingply. but hardboardis just as
good.)A modicumofDIY knowledge andaccess to afewtooh
A word aboutthe abovelist. Don l go out andbuy a setof
are also ne€ded. namelv a band saw. a b€lt sander and an
ceilingtiles unlessyou have exhaustedall olher possibilities glasspaper
electricdrilli alternatively.a cop;ngsaw. and awheel
first, e.g.askingneighbours. checkinglocalskipsetc.Theyare jusla. gooJ.ulbeilmoreldbourInlen\ive.
goingto be brokenup. so the sizeof the tiles is not critical. braceare
Tostart wilh. cut out a selectionofrounded,irregularshapes
Budgiesand can be obtainedfrom any pet store at a very
price.With thewoodglue.I rlouldsuggest buyingin up to about a foot across.Kidncyor amoebalike shapeslook
reasonable
very impressive. Someof the largerpiecescan be madeinto
bulk (a four pini plasticcontainerwill lastfor agesandisusually
wooded hills or cultivated areasusingth€ methodsdescribed
morecosteffectivethanits smallerbr€thren).
below. Once you have a fair amountchamferall theedges.
Now comesthe first decision do I make all the boards
completely flat andhaveall theterrainpieccssuchashills.roads
and riversasseparateitems.or do I havethem as an integral
part? Using 18" square boards (which I have). I would 2. TREES
recommend the latter. althoughsome minor storage problems Over the years there musl havebeenvolumeswrittenon model
are encountered.With either method,at leastsomeof the treeconstruction -possiblyquitea fewtreesworth.Usingtvigs
followingapplies. coveredin lichenrtwistinSflorist'swire into a metallicDNA
For the completelyflat boardssimplypaint tbe wholetop typedoublehelixwirhsisalstringstickingoutat all anglesuntil
surfacewithslightlywatered downwoodglueandsprinklesome doctoreditwistingflorist\ wire into wintery tree framesand
of rhesandall overit. To givea varietyofgroundtexturesthe covered:or ev€ngoingoutandbuyingsone readymade.areall
sandcanbe mixedwitb somesawdustand/orsometea leaves. methodsthai cometo mind.Apartfromthelastmentionedthey
but (beingabsorbant) the mix tendsto soakup paint{asterthan are all quite time consuming.With my methodyou ge1an
the mostrecentimprovedkilchenroll. overalleffecr.not a massof individualmasterDieces-
Ifterrainitemssuchastracks.riven orcultivatedareasareto To startwith. for 6mmand 10mmscalesyou will needsome
b€ a featuretben ihey shouldbe markedon the boardsat this foam if youknowof someone whois gettingrid of anold three
point.Anythingthatcarriesonoverto anadjacentboard should oie€esuitethensraboneofthe foamcushions firsl- andsom€
 37
gardeningcancs.preferablythe 7s" size cut into differing Aselectionolleraln Diecesdescribed
in lhele\.t.
lengthsof betweenlTr" and27r".Cut out somecuboidshapes
from the foamafldaitackthemwith eithera pair ofscissorsor
yourlingersuntil acceptable tree,likeshapeshavebeenmade.
(Don\ ihrow out the birsrhat you havecut off asthey canbe
usedlaier.) Makea smallslirin whatwill be the botromof rhe
foam. cover ihe lop third of a piec€of cane with contact
adhesive andpushthestickup intothefoam,twistingitgentlyas
you go. Oncethe gluehasdried. dip the foam into a washof
darkgreenor blackacrylicpaini andsqueeze backrheresidual
washintoils container.(Usinga washinsteadolnearpaintonly
dyesihe foam insteadof naking it all brittle and crurnbly.)
Whenthishasdriedtheboleofthe treecanbepainredandboth
that and the foliagepart canbe dry brushed.Try to vary the
colourof thewashes sothataselectionoftonesis achieved.
Hint: if youareusingacrylicpa'ntfron j arsdon t throwthejar
awaywirh the lastlitd€ bit of paint in it. Fill it up with
previouslyboiledwaterto makeup a wash very useful FIGl.Alerrain boardshowing
for shading.DON'T us€waterstraightfrom the tap: it theextenlot thepapieFmach6
willgiveoff an unsavoury stenchaftera fewdays! overthehillliles.
Decidewhichpiecesofhardboardwillmakegoodwoodland
bases.drill someholesatrandom.remembering to allowforrhe
greeneryand usingthesamesizedbit asthecanes.Mark on any
roadsor tracksthat are required.Then glue a tew rocksor
groupsofrocks,twigslo represent fallentreesandanythingelse
youcanthink oflo breakup the baseline. Avoidingthe rocks
andanyotherbitsonthebase,covertheresr\\'iihrhewoodglue
and sandbeforepainlngand dr) bru\hin8.Whenyo dre
happywith the base.gluethe treesintoplaceusingwoodglue- FIG2.A pieceof road/river/
whichdriesclear.but watchour foranyseepage at the bottoml
trackwithchamfercd
A woodedhill hasthe holesdrilledafterthe oaDier-nach6. edgesandpaintedsand
butbeforerhesoodglue.hasbeenapplieLl verge.
For treesof l5mm scale.usethe samemethod.bur rhisrime
the raw materialsare three or four kitchen scourersslued
rogerhe'(si'h correcradhe.ive). on ,op ot eachorh(i lhe
largersized(yr") gardening canesandacorrespondingdrillbir.
Up to sixfair-sizedtreescanbe madefron cachsetofscourers. FlG3.A pieceol
Whenassernbled theycaneitherbesprayeddarkgreenor black 6mmhedgemade using
anddry-brushed: ordippedin woodglueandthencoveredwith foam.
dyedtea leavesor fine sawdustor into oneof the many flock'
typeproductsthatabound.Shakeofi allthe bitsandsetasideto
dry. Note the canesfor the 15mmtreesneedio be longerthan
the6mmtvDesbecause ofscale.

3. MARSH
Stick small tufts of sisalstring randomlyonto somesmaller
piecesof hardboardlo representtussocks.When dry. painr
woodgluearoundthe edgesofthe boardandaroundthe rufts.
Dip into the ubiquitoussand and then paint using a dark
blue-green(or green'blue,ifvou prefer)colourfor rhe waterv
bits.Thenvarnish.

4. HEDGES
Thesemaybeconstructed innvoways,applicable to borhscales
and eachrequirea thin strip of round-endedand chamfered
hardboard asa base.Thefirsrmethodisto curlengthsofscourer
thatarein scaleandtheflgluethemdown.Theylook a lot more
effectiveif the tops are irregularand slightlyrounded.When
\\f]'>
coveredin sandthe hedgeareacanbesprayedorpaintedinrhe FIG4. Melhodottree construction
samefashionasthe trees. usingtoam and gardeningcane.
The other methodof manufacture is only reallyeffecrivein
6mm and involvesusingup someof rhe bitsof foam left over dip andflock.them.
fromwhcnthe treeswerernade.Gluethen flar sidedownwith Whicheversystemis used don't forget ro l€ave th€ odd
differingheightpiecesnext1(reachotherandwashandpaint.or openinghereand therefor farm vehicles.Piecesof cut down
 GAME @ 6. BUILDINGS
Like model rees. there havebeen reamsand reamswrilten
F:i4
aboutbuildingseither singlyor in groups.If you cant make
them,thenbuythem. (You don\ reallyneedthatmanyto stan
offwith.) Work out a layouton oneofthe piecesof hardboard.
glue them down and embellishwith hedgesand/or walk.
-
PLAWARN TheUltimateGamesSvstemintroduce... bushes.etc:thensandandDaint.
Ifyou aretryingtocreatetheeffectofalown,lhenmakelwo
STAIIS rt STllIlDllS adjacentsidesofyour baseat right anglesto eachotherso thal
you can fit a selectionof smallerpieceslogetherratherthan
wargameRulesfor TheAmerican Civil war 186l-65 haveonehugelumplhatmightonlyfit in onespecificplace.The
(9.50inc.P&P) base- apartfrom the sandededges- may be coveredin that
pebbletypeofwallpaperbeforethe housesareglueddown,to
and lo complimentlhis groundbreiking nervgametslem $e
giveinstantstreets.
Dresenour
0ilil AilI]ITICAN OIYII, WAITGAIID ?. WALLS
Includessr.s ^iD SrirFEs Rules.a lermin block.scene4.djcc. A bil trickierihese.In 6mmtheyarereasonably pricedso that
campaign map, reference sh@c, chance cards and mon theycanbe bought,but in 15mmit's a diff€rentstory.Piecesof
imponantlr"t$o painredand bas€darmiesrendr lor balrle balsacoveredin filler (sometimes elched),canbe used;theycan
i!18 50 iDc.P&P) be mad€up fromlayersofgravelsrones glueddowfl,sealedwith
watereddownfiller or woodglue,andpainted,etc. By far the
O[.ll.Mlr. mg. rl$ .ov.F: Readyro phy gM*. Paintd DBA .cmies. quickestmethodis to cut the requiredlengthsof polystyrene
NaNleoni6.stw. Acw..Skimish st. all D.no&. !U $!16. Ruler B@ks.Dhi tile. pull bitsoffone sideto useasa slightlyinegulartoP,glue
in.d lN qge.id p.)hn! $hene. FRDI' m.mbeAhif (nlmall! 16 50 pd J_.&) downtheoppositeside,sealandpaint.
or our | 995 shor;rh or., '00o in prt'6l
OIERSEASENQUIRIESWE['OT{E 8. FENCES
Sendfor FR.f,EBrochure
& Painred
sample
figurero Tbeseare evenrrickierthanwalls.They cannotbe madewith
anydegree ofdurabilityin 6mm. - . sobuythem.In 15mmthe
mostrobusttype is the snalefenceof the ACw whichcanbe
madeby usingmodellingmatchsticks(he oneswithoul the
flammableend).

CHELIFERBOOKS 9. FIELDS
Mike Smith Thesecomein a varietyofshapesandsizesanda smallgroupof
Todd Close,Curthwaite,Wigton, Cumbria different lypeson a baselooksgood-especiallyifsurrounded
Tel: 0228 7.11388 by hedges. Ploughedfieldscanbe represented by brushingwet
MILITARY BOOKS fillerwith an oldcomb forthe plough aresho*n
lines;cutcrops
Bouehtand Sold Sendsae fot c by sprinklingsmallpiecesofsisalontothefields;grazing landis
simplya hedgedareasandedand painledand differ€ntcrops
can be synbolisedby usingpie€esof colouredfelt or rubber
matchstick or toothpickcanbe gluedeithersideofthe opening.
basedfiooringtiles.
oralternalivelybuythecompletegalesfroma wellknown6mm - thesquar€type canbemadeby coveringa small
Haysracks
figuremanufacturer.
card box with cut sisalandpainiing.
If constructinga hill with fieldson it. then gluethe hedges
downbeforethe sandandwoodglue.
It alsolooksquiteeffectiveto havethe odd treegrowingout
olthe hedgerow.
10. OTIIERS
Thisis a sectionthatcouldgo on for ever,soherearejusta fe$
ideasnot coveredabove:
5. ROADSAND RIVERS Individual(ora smallcopseof twoor three)treeson a small
Thesetwo havebeen put togetherbecausethe construction
methodof eachis identicalandtheyarethe simplestofterrain Fallentreesonasmallbase.(Madewith twigs.)
iremsto build. By the way. in this sectionI am refefing ro Screeslopesalongoneareaof a hill. usinga mix of dirt and
macadamised roadsmadein thk century,althoughearlierdiri verysmallstonesor gravel.
rcadscanbe madein the samemann€rifyou wanl lhem 1obe Basedon the aboveI would like to impart two piecesof
Determinewhatwidthyouwantyourroad/river/track lo have
andth€naddaboutl0nrn to eithersideto allot!for thechamler 1. Whenyou areout andaboutkeepyoureyesopenandthink
"That looks interesting.how can I scaleit down for my
andtheverge.Sand,painlanddry-brusheithersideusingblack,
with brownand white dry-brushing, for the roads; a dark blue table? .
bas€,wilh lightblueandwhitedry'brushing, for therivers(later 2. Becomean e€ologicalmagpie.Carry a selectionof small
vamishedof course)iand just plain dirt for the track. ll is plasticbagsaroundand pick up anythingthat might be
possible(in somescales)to usestripsofpebble-typ€wallpapel remotelyuseful-I have bits and piecesthal l ve had for
to represenlcobbles.lt is evenpossible to paint the white lines fifteenor moreyearson the premisethat $ey will comein
down$e middleofthe road usinga card template. usefulONE DAY!
 39

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40

REVIEIITS litde detailof themodel,theresuhsare buildingswilhoutequal.

Suchis thesirikingqualityofthesemodelsthatlheyarealready
availablcin museumsite shopsin the USA. as well as to
wargamersand collectors.In the UK ArchitecturalHeritage
"ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE" buildingsareavailablefrom Mike Hicklingof warganesSouth
A new range of buildingscast in resin for the wargamer, (seehisadvertsinthismagazine), whileinterested customersin
collcctor and interestedvhitor by ARCHITECTURAL rhe USA should conlact Architectural Heritage direct via PO
HERITAGE of Faye(cville, North Carolina, USA. has Box 9426. Favetteville. North Carolina 28311.
recentlybecom€availablein BritainthroughWargames South. DavidBickleY
Thefint releaseofferseightbuildingsin lrue l5mrnscalefor lhe
Europeantheatre. with a selectionof modelstaken from MICRO-MACHINES STARTREKCOLLECTION
Germanbattlefields ofihe NapoleonicWarsilogetherwiththe (REVISITED!)
firstofa comprehensive rangeofAmericanCivilWar buildings
w185.
in both 15mmand25mrnscales,namelythe StoneHousefrom This reviewis a follow up" ofl Mark Elwens reviewin
the Manassas battlefield. Since his review. the Micro-Machines range has beenexpanded
The 15mmEuropean(Germanstyle)rangeoffersa really and rehashed. andnow extendslo some28 ships.As Mark
splendidmodelof rbe churchfrom Hassenhaussen. complete said, thesemodelsarent to scale(being of approximately
with walledchurchyardand recendyopefledgrave,for f9 95 consisteni size)but in thissortofsituation,whocares? The only
modelsthat Iwouldn tconsiderrobe _compatible" arethe four
[EG/8]i the large granaryfrom Essling,a lruly inpress've sh ltles whichare spreadthroughthe range.(But if, like me,
renderingof the survivingfeaturesfor only 112.50[EG/7]; a
derailedand delicaterenderingof the windmillfrom Krippen- you do 1/300thSci Fi aswell. you'll doubtless find then useful
dorf, the best model of such a featureyet availableon the for landing marines or similar behind enemy linesin ground
actions.) Sone people nay find that the _spacestalion"typ€s
marketin anyscale,for !10.2518G/61.
To supporl lhes€ modelsis a range of smallerbuildings donl fit. butpersonally speaking, it doeln rbotherm€-
The 28modelsconshl of 15 "older_'models, 12newreleases.
making itpossibleto represenl whole villages on the tableiop in 'limited edition late film EnterytiseA (tebluilr
a consistent styleandscale,a greatboonto thegrowingarmyof and a special
displaygamersand conpetitionorganisers. aswellastheclubor Constitulionclass).The breakdownof the rangeis now nine
indilidual gamer.EG/1 is a delightfulhousewith an integral packsof threeships.with the odd largerset containingmore
(Theselarger
arch$'ayandstepsfor !5.50i EG/2a well observedtavern.tor thanone pack.alongwith the late Entdrplbe,4.
!4.95: EG/3 a small barn for f4.50 to link wilh EG/4 a -exclusive se$ are rhe 16 vessel pack mentioned by Mark, and an
farmhousewith stair for only 15.50.Completingthe initial Argos set which coniains six Next Generation
releaseis EG/5 a smallhousewith gabledwindows.Together vessels. andthe film Drrelp/ire.(And. for reasonsbestknown
withrhethreelargermodekthese willsoon begracing$e tables to them. an articulared lorry wilh Argoswrittenon fte sidel)
of discerningplayersandcolleclorswhoknowqualitywhenthey"Classic The packs are two original series(andno. I can\ abidepeople
callingir Trek"), two films,threeStarTrek TheNexl
ArchitecturalHeritagehavenot neglected thoseofus wbose Generation.oneDeepSpace9, andoneGenerations (thenew
interestslie with the American Civil war with two initial {ilm).
releasesin 25mm and l5mm scalesof the StoneHouse at The actualmod€ls are:
Manassas. Thispromises io bea reallyremarkablerangefor the
(Early), DY-100Borarl B.ry.Space
samer and collector. For anvonewho has been fortunale Early: USSE teryrueA
the Stone House at first hand Station K7. Galilco Shultlecraft. Klingon Battlecruiser.and
inoughto visirManassas andsee
thesemodelswill be at onceevocative of lheir experience - The Romulan Bird ofPrey.
(MirandaClassFrigate,andthe bestof lhe
buitdingswill be seenas accurateand detailedmodelsof the Films:USSRelidrr
original. In lheir unpaintedstatelhe buildingsshow superb *Suruk Ior in my opinion). USS Erc?lstor.USS Cri$on, Vulcan
willbe oftheir Shuttlecraft. KlingonBird of Prey.and a Federation
detailof design,bul oncepainledthey in a class
lo thrustitselffromthe casting Space Dock. (That one could make for some interesting
own, with extradetailseeming
scenario-based actions.)
The25mm modelmeasures some7.5"x6.5"x6"1a11while the STTNG:Romulanwarbird. FerengiMarauder.KlingonVor
l5mmversion comes in at3.5"x2.5"x 3"tall-The25mmversionCha Atlack Cruiser(in a very tastefulshadeof turquoise!),
RomulanScoutship. Berman Shuttlecraft (Federation), Borg
costsonly 116.50.the lsmm version17.50.In the USA the D.
pricesare$26.50for the casting,$48.00painted,for the 25mm Cube. USS Sr/r/8dzer- USS Enteryrise C,zndUSS Enteryrise
(l m not entirelysure about the D. seecommenl later.)
version.The lsrnrnscal€modelcosb $12.00for the castingor
DS9:DeepSpace9(surprisingly enough!), CardassianGalor"
$28.50painted.
Classwarship.andRunabout(Non-Trekkiesread shuttlewith
The castingsare producedin the USA usinga hollow cast
guns l).
{ormal which combinesborh str€ngthand lightness.making
USSE,,relptseB. KlingonBird ofPrey(different
themnoticeablylighterthanotherresinbuildingscurrentlyon Generations:
the earlier film version)andEnrelprneD (againl).
the marketandmoredurablethaneitherplasticorcardrivals. frorn
Otherbuildingsin this Manassas Rangeare currentlyunder It seemsodd to me that they shouldhavethe Erl?/p,re D
construction in bolhscales. Laterin theyearweshouldsee both appear in two diff€rent packs. Ho\r'ever.I got my Nexl
the BrawnerFarm and the Watermillat Manassas becoming Ger\eftriotEnteryrise D a wbilebackin the Argospack.somy
available.A Gettysburg Rangeis alsoin preparation, beginning bestguessis that the tnkr.p/ire D whichI ve got is now in the
with the McPherson Barn,againavailablein bothscales. Orher cenerationspack,andthe onein the Nexl Generations packis
buildingsandrangeswillfoUow astameauows. the ridiculouslyfast and incredibly$'ell'armedversionthat
Thehallmarkofthis newcompanyis personalresearch by ihe appearedin the (excellen,lastepisodeof The Next Genera-
design€r himselfonthesite,togetherwithrettrencewhereever tion. (Confused? I am.)
possibleto architecturaldrawings. and extensiveuse of One final point whichwill doubdessannoylhosewho have
photographs and skerches madein rhe field. Whencombined alreadyboughtthc originalsetsis thatGaloob(thernanufactur-
with the ev€and feel of ihe true artistand attennonto every ers) have got an on-the'ballmarkeiingdepartment.who ve
 Colin'Ronmel' Rumford looks on as Waryamer's Reteat
me Hassenhaussen church & Krippendod windniU fron the co-hott DaveJohnsonaxemptsto ht l the Bitish back into the
Arch ecturu,Heritagerungercyiewedopposite. sea.BehindDavearc WWI| vetetunsLesBond, AlfYates vrho
parlicipated in he rcal D-Dat, via EI Alamein and Monte
mixedthe newmodelsin with the old ones,sorhat if youwant to Cassino andJack Birchall.
compl€te your collection, you've got to duplicate a dozen WARGAMERSRETREATD-DAYRDFIGIIT
models.(The only consolarionis that you canusemore than one
of each "bad guy", and putting new codeson the Federation As reported by Colin Rumford last month the Wargam€r's
'trial run' of th€ir D-Day scenariobackin January
shipswill enableyou to usethem asother shipsofthe sameclass. Retreat had a
E.g. USSEntsryrir? / to USSHood. and a good time was had by all - even lre ultimat€ly
In all, thoroughlyrecommendedalthoughthosewho own the overwhelmed Germans had a few minor triumDhsto celebrate
old modelsmay not find the dozennew onesto be worth all of aiong the way. Sadly I had ro leaveearlyonSundayaftemoon.
the extra investment. For stockists, Woolworths, most tov just as I waspoisedto launchmy four PanzerIVs againstDave
shops.and increasingly some-hpermarkers". lf atl elsefaili, Howitt's two dozenShermans- a lucky escapefor Dave ther€.
try the lrndon Toy Company,on 0181-864 2186.They'rea During the baltle we had a brief visit by three World War
specialistmail-orderfirm, who should be ableto get hold of tbe veterans, memben of the Athenon White Ensign (Lancashire
modelsfor you. Division). Jack Birchall (Vice President), Irs Bond (Secrer-
Domini€Skclton ary), and AiI Yates seemed quite impressedby the layout
(though obviously the Real Thing must have been more
exciting!). Aff, the eldest,had actuallyparticipatedon D-Day,
EMPIRES,EAGIES&LIONS aswell asbeing at El Alamein and Monte Cassino.
UK substo theh-monthlytuI colourAmericanNapoleontc The food and ddnt at the WargamersRetrear, which is an
magazine areavailablelromStr.tasemPublicarioN adjunctof the Red Lion pub andrcstaumntyou mayrcmembet,
Oney€ais sub€ciiplion(6is$es): wasjust asgood this time asit wason my previousvisir that is,
f23.50 (CZl io WI subscrtbeE) very gooo,
Issles1,10alr"adyavailable.Slngteinu€s: In the pastfew monthsHowad and Davehaveaddedto their
f4 po6r pdd, collection of figures and vehicles,and to the terrain and model
lE Lovels l.'ne, Ner,.d(, Noric NG24 IHZ buildings. Colin and Malcolm Taylor went back for a "retum
match" in March and reportedthat it wasevenbetter than th€ir
ftst visit.
A we€kendat the Retreat is rccommended,and you can see
U.S.A.SUBSCRIPTIONS their ad (with the corlect phone number) on page7!
Ar€ availablefrom:
TheEmD€ror'sHeadouanleN
57{awesl ltrb8 PrIi( Road,CHICACO, flinois 60634.
Tel: 312-n7 A66a
$56for 12issues.Don'tmissoutl
Get in touchwilh UncleTodd!

Malcobn Taylor and Bitannia Miniaturcs' Dat)e Hov,itt ant- assauhon Juno Beach,and Norman Rowlandssplahed ashore
iously ele the Germandefences. on'Cold . At Noman's igtu elboware WWI| vetercrltJa&
Waryan8r's Rebeathost Houlad Grcenwoodcomnanded the Bircha andAlf Yates.
n
BOOKREVIEW ised,acttogetherin a seriesoftacticalengagements. Wbenboth
sidesare roughlybalanced,he claims,war turns ftom single
Th€Armiesof1866,by NigelJ. Snith. decisivebattles (like Austerlitz) to lengthy campaignsof
attrition.won aftera seriesoftacticalengagemenls - whichhe
Oneofthe chiefproblems facedby anywargamcrwho chooses saysstartswith 1809."This book will takea strategic aswell as
to gamea lesserknownperiodis the limitedamountofreadily an operationalview of the war as I examinethe strategic
accessible information.This hascertainlybeentrue ofthe late missionsassigned to the differenttheatres. . . andinvestigate
NineteenthCenturyin Europe,but fortunatelyNigelSmithhas how they collectivelysered to meet the strategicaims",
assisted in takinga greatleapforward-Overthe pastfew years Epsteincontinues.At the heartof rhisis that thekeyliesin the
Mr Snith hasproduceda numberof bookletson this period, corpssystemand the relationshipofthe Commander-in-Chief
coveringthe 1864campaignin Denmark and the Franco- with his immediatesubordinates,which allows for greater
"hat'trick" of conflictsis now
PrussianWar of i870 71. The flexibilityandmaintainsoverallcohesion whena partcollapses.
completedwithhisnewguideto the uniformsandarmiesof the Thisflexibilirypromotedthe firepowerfrommassed artilleryto
SevenWeeksWar of 1866.Whilstthe formatis differentto his be the dominantforceon the battlefield.negatingthe fluidity
Dreviouswo.ks (A4 ralher than A5), the contenl is of a necessary for Napoleon\ manoeuvres to wreckan army in a
aonsistently highquality.Uniform details.unit structuresand sinelebattle.
weaponsare coveredfor all protagonists on all ihree fronts. 6nthe basisofhisdefinitions,from 1779iheFrencharmyhad
from the massive Prussian arnyto thetiny Lippe_Deimold and graduallyassumedthe characteristi€s of a modem army on
Hansealic forces.The text is conciseand1()the poinl; avoiding campaign,therebyinflictingdecisivevictoies. Oncethe Allies
unnecessary waffle, but onitting nothingof inporlance.This attainedthis level. war developedinlo a modem seriesof
nakesthisan idealreference work- engagements decidedultirnalelyby attrition."The realstoryis
I am informcdby Mr Smiththat he is to followup lhis work that the Austrianarmv had reformedsince1805and so, the
with a secondvolume,coveringthe progressof the campaign contextoI war hadchanged. . . The storyof 1809is as nuch
and the ordersof baltle for all the forcesinvolved.The two tharof the Austriaflarmyasit h thatof theFrench',hc sayson
"one stop
workr combined$ill go a long way to providinga p.7.
shop' for the averagewargamerinteresledin the period.anda Herecomesthatmajorfailing:h is pointless tryingto analyse
first point of referencefor the more seriousstudent.Many the 1809campaign,includingthesesymmetricalAustrians,
originaland primarysourceshave beenconsuhedin putting unlessyou read the Austrian Staff History, Krieg 1809and
togetherthis work and Mr Smith is to be congratulated- ?re Hoen\ essayon wagram in Das Kriegsiab in Einzeldantel'
Armiesof t 866is available from Pickelhaube Press.l7 Chelford /xngen,togetherwith somematerialon Archduke Charles,
Avenue Boltoo Lancashire BLI TAY notablyAngeli'smilitarystudyandCriste'sbiography.If your
Richardcrarke thesisrelieson theoppositionbeingup to facingNaPoleon after
someyearsof reform-then you shouldunderstandwhat that
R. Epstein:'Napol€on's LastVictoryandTheDawnof Modern processinvolved.Helpfulguidethat it is, Rothenbergs 220pp
Warfare', (1994) 2l5pp{Univ.Pressof Kanvas)Noillus. Napoleons GrcatAdve$a/"er,(due for reprint this Apil by
16naps,C25. Spellmount UK). cannotgelinto thedeepdetailandifhe asked
someoneto translateRauchensteineas little bookleton Wa_
Theproblemonefacedwilh a titlelike thisiseslablishingwhat it gram (cited for its OB), ihenEpste;n would havegotsomeidea
is about,€specially in view of Uffidell's recent book on L'gny of what the Austrians were doing prior to the battle(pp 2'7)and
(June1815).In fact. followingon from his 1984book. P/ince the plan for 6 July (p.23).Fair do though,Epsteinhasbeen
Eugeneat War 1809 . Epsleinis lookingal aspects of the 1809 honestaboutwhathehasread,soat leslweknowwhereweare.
'last victory beingWagram- (whichis more thancanbe saidaboulsomerecentAmerican
campaignfor a secondtime. tbe
Thiscanpaignis becoming popular for its combinalionofsmall andBritishauthorsunableto readGerman).He reliesheavily
clashes andenormousbatdes.togetherwitb agreaierperceivedon Perre.Bowdenand Arnold for his accounts oflhe Danube
balancebetweenthe forces.but slrangely.for a campaign batdes.soweareat thepoorendoI $e scale.
foughtlargelyby Frenchand Germanspeakers.muchof the Not doingthebackground readingproduces a summaryofthe
current material is basedon French and English sources. Danubebattleswhichisinadequateandriddledwitherrorsan
Epstein being yet another of these. A number of books misconceDtions. Aboveall. neitherAustrian plansnorthemore
emergingfrom the US are in the styleof extendedunive*ity prominenirole of the Chief of Staff are explained properly.
theses, whichinevitablymeansthebookis actuallyan answerto Epsrein adds a few obvious errors ofhis own.like the Austrians
a questionposedby the author,ralherthanobjectiveanalysis. relyingon squares(readMasset. in lbe summerbattles,and
This combinationleadsto a mix of revisionisthistoryand havingII and III Korpsswaplilles, insteadofjust their senior
personaltheory,wherethedangeristhattheauthorwillreacha
conirlusion andthenusethe evidencemostsuitableto hisvi€w. The authorcompounds the €rror by beingsocon€€rnedwith
ignoringor :'rubbishing ' evidence/views that don't fit. Unable his own thesis that he falls into the trap of rel€ctingevidence
to readhalf of the sourcematerial.the wholepictureis soon thatrunscontraryto hisvieworignoringothermajor;nfluences
ofi-balance. on the campaignbeyonda quickmention.It is not possibleto
In this work, Epsteinclaimshis thesisdescribes1809as a look at militarydevelopment;n isolationin anycampaign.In
defining point in military development.His opening two 1809,Germannationalismwas stirringand would ultimately
chapters areverylucidandclearlyexplainedtoshowtheoutline destroy Napoleon. The political problems Charles faced
of developments prior to and during the NapoleonicWars, restrictedhis reformsand campaigning plans- andh€ had no
whichis handyfor thoseunfamiliarwith the 18thCentury.A real choice of his subordinates. His own outlook led him to
modemwar,he offe$ ashis definition,comprises an integrated misundernand Napoleon fundamentally after Aspernandthis
strategicplan, full mobilisationof stateresources, and oper- isall wellrecorded. Essenrially. Epsteinhasfailedloget to grips
ational campaignsaimed at achievingthoseobjeciives.The with Austriaat all.
operationalcampaigns are conductedby symmetrical (nirror_ OntheFrenchside.theapproachis morerevisionisl. Epstein
image)conscriptarmiesin independenl corps, where comman tries 1o rubbish marers that donl fil his lhesis. He reiects the
dersunderstand the commondoclrineandalthoushdecentral_ declineinthe qualityofFrenchforces.but howcananarmywith
 substantialconscriptsand raw confederarion trooDscomDare
wilh lheCrandeArmeedritledar Boutoqne priorto i805?Wha!
o[Napoleon( ru.h to Vienna- dismissela, a goodmovetoget
betweenthe Austrianamies did it nor pre;ge 1812in f;t?
Fufher afield, the PeninsulaWar was a very long war of
attrition,but not conductedwith anylooserCoryssystem.The
lessonot manywals,notablyof the 18thCentury,is surelythat
baianceof someform producesattririon.
SUNDAY 6th :
The real problem is that central to hh thesis is that the
Austrian Korps system allowed the force to operate in a
distributedforn. In facl, this washuriedly introduceda Iew
monthsbeforethe war in an attemptto conirol thisenormous
force,suchthatno-onewasproperlytrainedandtherehadbeen
no moneyfor largescalemanoeuvres,Austria had€onsidereda
simpleKorps systemin 1798,but Charlesrejectedthe plan
becausethere waslitde timeto introduceit. Manvotherrefoms
$ere a mereevolutionot oreviou<doctrine.noia fundamental
change.The arrnyof 1809wasno more conscriptthanin the
1790s, exceptthata half-baked attemptto hamessthe emetging
Germannationalism hadproduceda Landwehrof little combat
value.Charlesknew all aboutmassingoI artilleryftom 1793
when workingwith Smola,(who led the centralartillery at BRING & BUY
Aspern),andhis reforns built on that. 'The Fundamentals of
War' is not a statementof army doctrine, but the top stageoI a TBADESTAND
steppedseriesof manualsfor the anny which startswith the
basic 1806 drill regulations.When lacking the requisite DEMONSTRATIONS
knowledgero analyserhesedevelopments. Epsreinresonsro
conjecture.
m$s'ng.
As a result,theevidencefundamentaltohis thesisis PARTICIPATION
GAMES
Epstein\passionis PrinceEugeneandthisis therealbasisof Thisbookis essentially a precisof theauthor'sfirstbook,with
his book, Eugenebeingthe case-study designedto provehis a 'Eugeneat Wagram' section,plus a poor summaryof the rest
points: Eugene'sforce is the only one looked at closelyat of the campaignbolted on, the \rhole being overlaid with a
Wagram.Well-documented, thereistoo muchemphasison the theory about the developmentof warfare which doesn't stand
Italian/Hungarian theatre. The fighring in Italy gets 22 pages up on the evidenceadduc€d.In examiningEugene'srela-
compared with 20for theBavarianphase,whichis reallywhere tionship with Napoleon, the author seeks to prcve the
the AustrianKorps systemcollapsed:Teug€n-Hausen (aka underlyingidea that Napoleonpassedhis conceptsao his
Thann)getsjust2/3ofa pagecomparedwith Sacilewhichgets subodinatesandthat theywerecapableof carryingrhemout.
two pages,but the former is the definingmomentof rhe firsr But there is very litde about the other Manhals or the
phaseo{ the campaign.Insteadof analysinghow Charles' Archduke'srelationshipwith his commaoders, norablyHiller
8-Korps attack (conductedwith an old,fashionedflank guard, who conducted the retreat of the left wing Korps frorn
not threeflexibleKorps)brokedown,we get moreanalysisof Germany.Theauthor'sstyle isveryreadableandoneparticular
John\ 2-Korpsforcel Unable to admit his ideasabout the bonusis the 16maps,albeit1 ftom Bowden,12 from Elting's
Austriancommandarewrong,Epsteindeclares thatin May the Atlas and 3 ftom Epstein's first book. There are mistakesin
Korpswerer€namedas "columns"asa €osmeticmeasuieand these,but theirinclusionmakesthe campaigneasierto follow.
thensaysit wasokay to revertto old,stylecentraldirectionin However.there is alsosomebad proof readingin two ways,
thegreatbattlesofthecampaign, whichwerecondu€ted in army both descriptively(the Bisamberghills are wcst of the
€olumnsledin partby anold-fashionedsingle advance-guard. If Marchfeld)andtypos(VI andIV Korpsget transposed, which
the Austrianalmy wascentrallycontrolled,the Korpstheory makeslife tricky astheywere on oppositeendsof the Marchfeld
breaksdown.Thereis of coursesomethingin the flexibilityof battlelines). It is not of anyrealuseto wargamenasit lacksOBs
the Korys systemand Austria's limited efforts contributed to below Corps level and the Aspenvwagram lists are we[-
the army escapingreasonablyintact after Wagram,but the case do€umentedin the recentOsDrev.
is far from conclusive. Ifs a shame,notablyas the final chapterseeksto take the
There is potentially somegood thought on the effectiveness analysison ao the American Civil War in particular and there
of artillery and the acceptance that both sideswere equatly are a numberof very valid points,notablyaboutthe way war
capableofhandlingmassbaueries.Again,the development of became a nationil affair and relied on mass aniIery and
the Frencb approachis explained, but the Austrians allegedly technology,so that the winner is increasinglylikely ro be rhe
just thoughtit up. Thereis no mentionofthe Russian60+gun sidewith the greaterresources.The author\ valuablepoints are
batteri€sat Eylau and the fact that at Wagram,Napoleon lost in this unbalanced work, which only rcvealspart of the
revertedto the regimentalgunpdnciplefor manyIormarions. picture.If you don't havehis 1984book/Eltingnaps, but are
Thereis a veryclearlineofdevelopmenr aboutmostaspects of interestedin the haliantheatreandsomeof the major military
war - indeed,the early Frenchchangeswere revolutionary, developments,then it is worth considering with the above
which can only arise out o{ revolutionary changeelsewhere. provisos.However,I suspecta litde jumping on the band-
Now the enemi€s were20yearsbeyondthe FrenchRevolution wagon,andatI25 itis rathersteep.
anddefeatedopponentswill copythe victorsanddevelopnew It wasan opportunity to look at why 1809is sucha watershed
countermeasures. A vital factor overlookedis that in a role campaignand this wassupposedto be the author'saim - the
reversal,Napoleonwascommanding a multi,nationalarmyas resultis inadequate anddisappointing.
an instrumentof Imperialpolicyagainsta singlestate'salmy
relyingto a cenainextenton nascent nationalism. DsveHollidr
A wide nnge of Great War phobs. Top, This wondeful ulhite
warbird was s.ratch-built by talented Waryames Foundry
designer'KaiserDave'An&ew and is seenherein thegameDave
and taknted WargamesFountuy designerAly 'The lion-led-by-
donkers' Mo ison stagedot the Ca ton-k-Wilows shovt lost
year. FiSuresarc 25mm WargamesFoundry.
Last month weusedttro photosof EHQ nanagerRon Chaplin's
WWI co ection. Sincethen a veritablesackful of fan nail has
a ived askingfor morc, so herc'sa British auackon a Geman
nench Une,and a Geman fed batury - a d thanksfor those
lioery Bill Chaphn, Mick Chaplin, Hugh Chaplin, Bena
Chaplin, Rona Chaplin, Fiona Chaplin, Haftiet Beecher
Chaplin, Ultsses S. Chaplin, Walt Whitman Chaplin, Matt
Tyler Chaplin, Cha ie Chaplin. . . - and aI with the same
lrom a gamestagedbt
Opposite, top: a prcttf (!?) trenchseape
the Defiy WaryamesClub at a rccentshow at Kelhom Ha .
Middle left: anotherDaveAndrcw wwl pame- aho at Kelham
 45
Halt: GemM infantry, with air suppon, take over a Betgian
vi age. Retuining three pi.s are all Jrom the gome at
Ca ton-le-Wi ows: A ied scouts,cayalry and atmo rcd catr,
wi*druw b{orc the Geman adtance; woundedarc eeacuated
(note tle .otLtistEntstyle of Belgian nilwat viaducE!) . . . a d
anive in a batkrcd bivouachehindthe lines.

''Look,
Bruithwaite, coukln't you iust kick a footba like
 LETTERS
READERS THE"COWBOY"FACTOR
Most industries.the buildinglrades.car salesor toy tradc tor
I am curiently attemptingto recreaieMassena'sArmy of instaoce.sufferfron their shar€of Cowboys".unscrupulous
Po(ugalof 1811in 15mn but my uniformresearch hasground peopleafter a free ride on the hard work and good narneof
to a haltwiththelefio,r d&Midi. Thisunitfoughtat Bussaco in reputablecompanies.Ai best lheir work is shoddy and
(a piratedcopy) of
1810andFuentesde Onoroin lhe followingyear.At ihe latier makeshift.at worsta downrightrip off cheap
the the original product.
actionit wasbrigadedaspan of Ferey'sDivisionalongside
Legion Hanotienne andthe 26eme,66emeand82ene de ligne. Thesepmctiseshave,needless to say.a damagingeffecton
dx long established. honest companies. possiblygivingtheparticu-
ln somepublishedordersof battle. however,the Legio,
lar industry a bad name (asin the building tradeforinstance), or
Midi is not quotedaspresentai all,lhe numberofbattalionsfor - asperhapsin the gift andtoy trades-actually
otherregiments risingaccordingto coverthe deficit- in extreme cases
t havebecnunabletofindanyfurthertraceofthis unitandils threatening thefutureofa top qualitymanufacturerby flooding
likely appearance. Wasthe regimentone of the departmental the market th cheap. nasty copies.
legionsraised in France,or is its historymoreelusive? Over the last few yearsour industry,the modeland ngure
Whateverthe case,I'd be most gratefulfor any help in business, hashaditsfair shareofthesecheatscrawling theirway
light on the Legiotldu Midi. in. These people are not usually unintelligenl or even
sheddingmore
untalented, just BONE IDLE. with no conscience whatsoever.
RobertHarrison Not for them the burningof the midnightoil trying10get the
Shipley,WestYorks. attirudeon thatfacejusl righl or tearingtheirhairoutto achieve
the correctanimationand balanceon a particularfigure.No
fear.why botherwh€nil\ easierto stealthe skilledwork of a
top designer. YesthewordSTEALiSdeUberate. I regardthese
HavingreadJe.visJohnson's letterin WI90l feelcompelled lo punksasnot muchbetterthanhousebreakersorcrafiycon men.
writeon a numberofpoints.I mustadmitto a naturalaverslon They are givingour hobbyand business a bad reputationand
to enreringinio such a heat€dforum of debateas the one chearingthoseof uswho haveworkedour proverbials offover
inspiredby Peter Tanner'scomments.but vvhenI seesuch manyyearsout ofincomewhichis righdyours.
unmitigat€dnonsense as that witten by Mr JohnsonI do feel Ouileoftentheseindividualscunninglyoperatein sucha way
tbatroremainsilentwouldbewrong. that their workshopor placeof productionis at a s€parate
MrJohnson'scomparison of wargaming with football,pool, address(sometimesmany miles away) from the advertised
tennisandchessis ridiculous.MrTanner is. of course.correct- address(which may just be a smalloffice or a house).This
Therecanbe no realcompa sonbelweenour hobbyandother makestheir unscrupulous operationsdifficuhto detect(espe
gamesor sports.Mr Johnsonmaywell playtennisandassuch cially by the rax ofiice and the DSS).And evenif they were
mustrealiselhat his hobby.as all the othersmentioned.does trackeddown thc lawsas they standdo not go far enoughto
haveonesetofrules-Thesemaynot be wellwritien.but area! preventthese-cowboli carryingout theircraftyNork. W€ in
least consistendyapplied whereverthe game is played. In the hobbythereforemustdo what we can-Shortof breaking
additiona sportsmanis actuallyplayingthe gamefrom an theirfingers(wbichis my firstinpulse)I havelistedbelowsome
originalor primarystandpoinl,whereaswe, aswargamers are ideason how we canat leastmak€life a little moredifficultfor
lakinga secondaryposition, attemptingtorecreate theoriginal,
i.e. warfare.on the tabletop.Wargamingis to warasSubbuteo Perhaps the peoplein lhe bestpositionare magazine editors
is to football. and advenising people - To ihem I would say:
'interpret
The commandthat sportsmenneedumpiresto
the rulesis clearlymorenonsens€. Havingplayeda lot of sport i. If you are approached by a new manufaclurer for inslancc.
in mytimemyexperience k thatsportsmen rarely.ifever. need get him ro send a sample of his product and literature. lf in
'l doubt don tpint the advert untilthe particular company has
rulesinterprering.but simplyrequirethem to be enforced.
pushed him ref 'The ball was inl" are far more likely been thoroughly checked oul and provedtobereputable- No
never ,
criesthan "Please couldyouexplaintheoffsiderule,ref . honest new manufacturer would mind this. The various
Returning to Mr Johnsons lett€r I am afraid thal he nagazinesrepresentingthe hobby have the audienceol
hisfirstparagraph. "What is needed.. . is thousands ofpeoplevho don r seewhattheyre gettinguntil
condemnshinselfin
morediscussion aboutthe hobby . . . and a litde bit less about they have spenttheir money.by whichtime it may be loo
history".Mmmm, perhapsihe odd articleon how to exploit late. It is in the magazineiandthe hobbyi interestto sell
varioussetsof ruleswould be to Mr Johnsoni taste,cl€arly advertising to honestpeoplc.
2. Another responsible job is tharofthe *argamesconvention
history,to him at least.is of secondary imporlance.
In conclusionI find Mr Johnson'smockingof wargamers or showorganiser- There are showsgoingon aroundthe
country every week. many with waitinglistsaslongasyour
lperhapsinferred,but I'm surenot implied.Ed.], who in a arrn. Again. if th€ organisers ofthe showareapproached by
situationthatis unhistorical playto the spiritofthe rulesrather
than to the letter of the law rathersad.and an indictment of a new manufactur€r or publisher whom they do not know.
€ompetitiongamersin general.I haveneverknowinglytalked don t be afraidto askfor samples of iheir work. As far asI
to a competitiongamerbut do, everyyear. spendsomebrief know in only very few cases is an) effort madeto vettraders
timeobseFingthemat theroundofshows.Tenminutesofsuch at shows and what usually happens is that the standsarelel
"zoo" type watchingmore than rein{orcesrny views, and on a first come. first servedbasis,sometimesletiing the
''cowboy in and leavingsomeolher new company.wiih
admittedlyprovidessomeamusement on the 'ifit wasn'tfunny
it *outd be sad" basis.If Mr Johnsonintendsto atlemptan something genuinelynewandinteresting to offerthehobbr'.
improvement in wargamecornpetitions thengoodlucktohim. I somewhere down the waiting listl
for one feel that it is pointlesscalling a doctor when an 3. As manufacturers we mustbe carefulwho we employand
undeftakerwouldbe cheaper. who we lei into our premises.This is often very difficult.
Someonemight look honestand hardworking,but may be
RichardClarke the sort of personusingthe opportunityjusi to learn the
St. Albans
dimentsof casting.mouldingand productionwiih the
 4l

G.J.M.
FIGURINES
Waroames Fioures
5mnilo3ommi.5mm
oainledlo colectorsslandard.
samplelree {ilh SAEor5lRCs.
ForsahDle15mmfiquread islssend!1.95or12.95
payab
for25mmsamplelio-!re, e lo GerardCronrn, crffrHRE
'95 g-fl,gfti
3 KeslonParkC ose,Keslon,KenlBFz6DX.
l'lewlelephonenumbsr:01689{56972

UScustomersoleases€ndSsblllfor lsmm samlle andllsi.

intentionofgoingoffto pirateeitheryourgoodsorsomeone
elses.O.K. manyof us workedfor someothercompanyat Wargames TradeCardsExchange
sometime.l'msimplyreferringhereto the unscrupulous.
L Finally. I would ask the hobbyist or wargamer(our TradeStands
customer)himselfto be on his guard and keep a careful
Iookoutfor anythingsuspicious suchas bodgedor pirated BringandBuySale
casrings. Somecowboysmay take a reputablemanulictur-
e r . c a n i n g ' a n d a l lrheer m o _' b o d g er h e m u p i n ' o m e w a ) l\4odelling & Painting
in an attemptto disguise the originalproduci,whetherit be Competitions
figures,vehiclesor buildingsetc. Perhapsyou mightseea
{igure in exactlythe samepose as one of youl favourite PublicParticipation Games
manufacturer's. bur which looks somehowshoddierand
cheaper-Il is very possiblya figure from a well known FantasyRolePlayGames
cornpanywhich has been strippeddown and patchedup,
whichsavesour cowboythe troubleofthe very painstaking
work of anination. (The animationis one of the most
Saturday
SthAugust
difficull parts of designingany figure.) Bits of tanksand AdamHouseChambe6St. Edinburoh
vehiclesofwell knowncompanies mayalsobe usedto save Doorsopen10.00am - 4.30pm
our cowboya lot ofwork andcost! Admission:Adull 12.00
Then we havethe fully fledged"pirate". He doesnot even chitd tl.00
Family !5.00
bother to alter the originalfigure. He simplysricksit into a
mouldandcastsit. Thesecastings will oftenbe in cheaper,low Inaidof: The ScottishNarionatInstitution tor the
quality metal and may be badly "€rossjointed"(where the war atnaeoano@cnarities.
moutdhasslipped).Also theywill be thinnerthanthe original, Presentedby the South East Scotlan.t WaryamesCtub.
dueto extramouldshrinkage - andwill usuallybecheaper.To
theuntrainedeyethepiratedcopyisn'teasytospot.Perhaps we
nanufaciurerscouldhelpby sendingout listsof our suppliers
anddistributorstoourcustomers. Anysuppliersofourproducts
MAGIC THf GATHERING
notonthes€ listscould beop€ntoquestion.lfhe haspurchased q!II!DIIA]ES
,'IZZ?JP
the goodsfrom the manufacturer(or their agents)he should
havean invoiceto oroveir. Ofcourse-thiscouldbe difficultif
thesupplierisrippingsruffoff.but lefs notgettoo paranoid!
Fortunatelythe chea$or "cowboya'donl tendto lastlong, Ntuedo.Nt4tb!tu
but in thesbontimetheyremainin "business" theycando a lot
of damage,not only to the pocketsofreputablemanufacturers,
but also to the reputationof the hobby as a whole. They
capitalize on newpeoplecominginto the hobby,givingthen a
badimpr€ssionofthe hobby.or (andthisreallymakesrnesick)
on theveryyoungandnaive-Ifyou areattendingashow,keep
r..r;tffl*n*',-}:*.
youreyeoutforthe abovementionedpoints,andif yoususpect 50p+ sAf, for 14[95 LlNr
anythingunscrupulous is goingon,quiedyreponit tothe show
organiser. lfsendingmailorderto a newor unknowncompany E4glEEeg
alwayssend forjust afew samplesfirst. If yoLlsuspect pirating,
again.pleasereportthisto the magazinein whichyou sawthe !:&9
PLaA$TTc$6'0P
c!ld[r(llfEcrla!D49ijp
Somepiratesare membersof wargames clubs.lf you know .1Bf!!
anyonewirh his own castingmachineor mouldingequipnent
juslpolitelyaskwhatil is he is producing.
The majorilyof the peoplein the hobbyandthe wargames Flrmirg MtuLr Miaidw
tradearehardworkingandhonestandtakea greatdealof time
andeffort.not to mentionmoney,to producetheir bestwork.
why shouldwe let our hardearnedreputations,for whichwe x! \tu4 or!!odcFqb ! dr!
havestrivenfor manyyears, be gnawedawaybt themaggotsin
our industry.Let s shakeourselvesout of our complacency and qdL(6
To the cowboyi lsay Rideon ', thebusiness
d frt\6!n !! b 4 d!
starvethemout.
cando withoutyoul
T.A. Dixon
r A!r4!:Byi[q[4r(Fdlddh

DixonMiniatures
r
 #;afr.F
ffi.;ffi.+ lFVar hdt-rBarraLls
LoldorFoad
Devr/F..Wlrhi e SNI02EqUK
scale figrurines !-&:1i,:ffi
i,S- afEfi: tpr&rd\ 0'J80 /24b58
i nsl h €n e a r f u t u r e :
W e s h a lbl e a r r h e l o i l o w i n g s h o w

GcrmanlvlausTanl \\WIi MicroArmour 1/'285

. l : a :) i i t
Whenreplyingto adverts
pleasementionWargames
Illustrared
SdKI) :5 I D/ll Schulzcnpan./.n\ag.n GreatWar Micronauts 1/2404
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DarmlcrDingoScoulCar NapoleonicSailingShips l,/l200
Aliikr Koes 19.11ConxnandScr CombatCommandSets 1/285
BB-li Arkansas l9.ll MicroP,rmourDecals 1,/285
CA Focb

When replying to adverts please mention Wargames lllustrated.

 49
amongthepublic
WARGAMES_AVIBRANT vital in obtaininga greatergefleralawareness
at largeaboutwargames.
factorat therootofthe problemis
Probablythebiggesrsingle
&COIOI'RFUTFUTIIRE really lhat of sponsmanship.
differenttopic.
This of courseis an entirely

Federatlon
IntemattonalWargames To claimthat skillandrule knowledge will not determinethe
winner at the end ofthe day is equally absurd. Eversince1991,
by Colin Webster(EtecutiveDirector) whenthe IWF startedits seedings, onethinghasbecornequite
clear.The playersin the top {ifty arewithoutanydoubtvastly
Wilh greal amusemenlI read Peter Tanner'sauthoritative superiorin ruleknowledge andgamingskilk to theiropponents
tn;cte worgam?s - Morc Signs of Decline" (Waryames Considering that the resultsthat the IwF usesfor seedings ar€
/llxstatcd88).where io begin?Whatto say? takenfrom a numberof championships and tournaments it is
His articleimmediatelyshowshim to be a wargamerwho n indeedinterestingto notethat the top fifty playersconsistently
deeplyconcernedwith wherewargamesis going.Pleasenote do well. You do not alwayshaveto win a championship to do
thatI writeofwargames andnot of a hobbyor ofa spon.In his
concernh€ is truly justified.If any playeris seriousaboutthe However,not everyoneis interestedin competitiveplay as
gamethatplayerwouldbe concerned. Tim Wade (WI88) rightly pointed out. Tim Wade has no
interestinplayingin conpetitiongames,bul thatdoesnotmake
him anyless€ra playerthanG. Carman(PAWS)who won the
WARGAMESAS A HOBBY WorldWargames Charnpionships in 1994.1also alpreciatethe
ln hisarticlePetcrTannerimpliesthatcompetitivewargameB implicationthat he acknowledges that wargamescan mean
areat besrablighton thegame.I thinkthatw€shouldall look at somethingehe to other people and lhat he respectsolher
tbis logically. while wargan€rs are individuals,and very people'spointsof view.
interestingpeople.none have to only pursuethe gameas a h mightinterestPeterTannerthat lhe IWF viewsboth the
hobby. competitiveand hobby aspectsas different, but necessary,
Freechoiceentersinto lhe gameandwhilesomepref€rthe components to attractnewwargamefs.
hobbyaspecr of rhegame.olhe|5like lhecomperu!ea'ped.
andtopusha point.someplayersparticipatein boththe hobby
aspeclandcompetitiveaspecis €quallywell. THEIWF-FROM SMALLACORNS
ftrehobbvaspecl of rhegameha.a ! iralandimporLanr pa The IWF was startedin 1991in a ioint move by the South
toplayin thedevelopment andpromotion ofthegame.Itis lhe African wargamesUnion and the Derby wargamesAssoci_
hobbyistwith hisgreatattentionto historicaldetail,abilitiesat ates.The reasonsfor thisbold moveweremanyandall appear
buildingspectacular terrain.and generalatliludeihat inspires in the Constitutionasthe Federation's objectives. As suchthe
manya competitivewargamerto ensuretharhis equipment'is Federationis a fully-consliluted non-profit organisation which
attractive,aswellasattractingtheinitialinterestfrom the 'man attemplsat alltimes10servethe interestsofitsmembers.
in the streef to the same.
PeterTanner is thercforcperfectlyconecl in statingthat
th€reis onlyoneNationalbodythat is a member.However,an
WARGAMESASA SPORT lnternationalbody doesnot have to be broughttogetLerby
nationalbodies.Our Federation is a little moreimaginative asit
I amnot sureofPeterTanner's personal sportingachievements.allowsregionalbodies,clubs
andsocieties to alsoaffiliate.As a
Howeverler me be the first to point out to him rhat both result, many clubs frorn England have now joined
the
ice-dancing and high-boarddivingare both highlycompetitive Federaiion.and we
also have an Italian club as a member.
sports.In fact this may be just the time 10note Iie Concirr Currentlywe are also negotiatingwith a club in Zimbabwe
Orfotd Dictionary's definilion of sport: whichwantsto affiliate.
_1. n. Amusement. diversion,fun; . . . 2. Pastime.game; In otherwords,yes,wemaynothavebeen"intemational"at
outdoor pastime.' first, but we are growingandbecornenore ofan international
Fromthe abovedefinitionit shouldbeperfectlyobviousthat
Needlessto say lhe memben of the Federationare
wargames. amongstmanyotheractivities,is indeeda sport.To
resDonsible for thetitlesused.aswellasfor the electionsofthe
alsoclaimthat warganesis not suitedfor competitionis also
officefs.Thereare obviorslycommitteemembersother than
the ExecutiveDirector;the ExecutiveDirectoris responsible
Wargames is the ultimatecompetitivegame.Thereis often
for the administration.
only onewinnerin a gane. The argwnentput forwardthat rule
TheFederationis attemptingto put the controlofwargames
interpretationand the semi abstractnature of the game
into the handsofthosewho playthe game.Ifonly competitive
diminishesihe competitiveaspectof the game is sinply playersjoin
the Federat;on,then hobbyistsmust not be
bollocks-
aldrmed. or rurprised. lhatil reflecLsonb therrintererts.
As for rheallegationmadcby PeterTannerthatcompetitive
wargarners confusetheirabilitieswith real-lif€gen€ralship,I do Should anv club be interested 'n acquiringa copy o{ our
playerforone constitution they are welcome to write to the Executive
not believeforone momentthatanycompetitive
good generalwith good Director at P-O. Box 19275.Fisher'sHill, 1408,Republicof
momenr$ould confusebeinga beinga
player.Thereis a vastdifferencebetweenth€ two. SouthAfrica.
The competitivegamermayvery well not takeinto account
'historicalconsiderationswhenplayingthegame, but stillhasa
vitalpartto playin developing the game. AWARDS
Generallyspeaking.the InternationalwargamesFederation Many people may play the gane, but may not win at
basfoundthecompetitiveplByertobemorewillingtobe known competitionlevelalthoughtheyplayconsistendy well overthe
publiclyasa wargamer.Thismayverywellbedueto hisegoand years.Theseare good players,and they are often ignoredby
wantingrhe recognitionfor his achievements. This publicityis compelitionorganisen.They take their regionaland national
50

coloursseriously,and because they do I suggest,Mr Tanner. 1.500competilive chessphye6 in lhe countr) For lhe va\r
that you shouldaccordthem cnoughrespectto maiorjry. rhegameremains t,hobbyre('earionwouldnr ir be
attemptto diminishtheirachievements. qrand
- to have the same forwargames?
Should anybodyrequire additionalinformationthev are
welcometo contactthe IWF:
WORLDCHAMPIONSHIPS Colin W€bster, Executive Director, lnternational Wargam€s
I havepanicipatedpersonallyin someform or other in the Federation,FO Box 19275,Fisher'sHill' 1408'R€publicof
world Championships since1991.This hasbeena fairly costly SouthAfrica.
exercise.but well worth ii, in that I havemadea lot of new
friendsandhada lot offun. VICTORIAN MILITARY FAIR
Justbecause the Championships are alwaysheldin Derbyit
doesnot diminishlheir status.In facl it is quite interestingto On Saturda)4 March,the VictorianMilitary Societvheld ils
notethatsincel990leamshave comefrom England,Germany, annualVictorianMilitaryFairin theimpressive surroundingsof
Holland,Scotland,Ireland.France,Italy, Belgium.Greece, the GreatHallat the NewConnaughtRoomsin London.
BorneoandSouthAfricato participatein the championships. I Over 1000visitorssaw 106standsand displays'the larg€st
wouldthink that that makes$e charnpionship pretty intema- number the Fair has ever presented.Attending were ihe
tionalincharacter. In factsomeoaherbig name sports maywish NationalMaritimeMusc n, the BrilishModelSoldierSociety '
to have as good a representation at their own world cham- theFriendsofthe PublicRecordOffice,FamilyTreeMagazine.
pionships. Wallis& Waliisthe auctioneerstogelher with publishers' medal
The fact that tcamsdo not attend from New Zealandor and militaria dealers. model and toy soldier manufacturers'
Australiahasmoreto do with the lack of financialreso'rrces artists,print andpostcatddealetsand makersof uniformsand
thananythingelse.It is moreforlunatefor the SouthAfrican
teamthattheyhavea sponsorin theformofAirNanibia which Theprincipal di.plcywa' threegranlChinese nagspte'enLed
is morethanwillingtofly themoul on an annualbasis. ro Generrlaharler Gordon b] rhe Empe'or ol ChinJin l86l
was commanding the "Ever VictoriousArny" during
I do hopethat PeterTannerwill one day attend the World when he
WargamesChampionships, then perhapshe might see the rhe lai-pinsRebellion. fhe flagsha\ebeenIn 'lore for man)
international character of tbe championships. year.anJo;ly beendisplaveJ Iwoor lhreerimes\inceGordon'
Needlessto say the chanpionshipitself is innrumentalin deathat Khartoum in 1885.
gainingpublicityfor the game.The championship wasdir€ctly Ite Fui' \ painringand $rrgametcompetitionc sere qell
responsible for at leastsix ncwspaperarticles.and one radio ruoporleJsirh en(ric.ol a rc'y hieh 'randard Prizewinners
broadcastadvertisingthe gamein the UK in 1994.over nve *e.. p.".ented*ith trophiesin the forn ofa figureofa soldier
newspaper arlicles,two radio broadcasts, and one television of th; 1890s in shirt sleeveorder". In addition therewere
broadcast in SourhAfrica.anda coupleofnewspaper aniclesin uniformaod coslumecompetitions with the first prizebeinga
Europe. sold fieure of a victorian chimney sweep The trophieswere
Not everybodywho is exposedto thesemediaarticleswill le'ien;d {orrheSocrelbt FrrolJohnsrudiorof Rochesler'
becomeawargamer.but theremightbeoneortwo peopletlho ThenexrFdi'will asrinbe aLthe\eq ( onncughr Roomrin
will turn up at a clubandstanplayingthe game.Those players early March 1996. Make sure you don t miss it
too will thenhavethechoiceofplayinglhegameasa bobby(for Note
recreation).playingit competitively.or playingit botb as a The VicrorianMilimry Societyis a non-commercial. interna'
hobbyandasa compeliiivegame. tional. orqanisationwhose ain is to promotethe study of
militarv historv.of all nationsand races,during lhe period
tS:l't9t+. roiintormation aboutthe Societypleasecontact:
SEEDINGS
DanAllen,Hon PublicityOfficer,VictorianMilitarv Societv,20
Seedings are donein any period,and to any sel of rules.The PrioryRoad,NewburyRGl4 7QN.T€l: 01615'48rt28.
seedings form an importrnl part ofthe assistance lhat the IwF
givestoanychampionship organiserwhowantssuchhelp.The NanSocien
Be$ Dem0 $aryame Conlinenlal
seedings helpthe organisento havebalancedchampionships, Ba(le of Loignv1870
especiallywhen thercareplayerstakingparlfromotherpartsof
PaidingConFtilio'rs
Thepopularityofthe seedings is quiteclear.AlreadytheIwF vicr0naToph{ lsr-Daidtreeman0fiicelg?ndHighlanderl880
hasseedings forover 500 names. kamDaicndress) lnd - l\l oade'r'ofiicel
lgrhRegr. 1851
lf seedings havenol beenpublishedin a rule setwhichyou, 3td RodSmirh OfficerlndPunjab force
hle"quhr
the reader,playii is because the IWFhasnot yetbeeninformed JubileeTrophr hr-C.Kempbn.CamelSosa lndPuriabCaraln
ofthe championships or the resulis. (olherdres!) lnd-Nl.Jones. viennalqln
ld M Gould.olfrcerSkinnenHorse
IN CONCLUSTON UiderI nagsTrophl PaulNeqman. cerglldHighlanden
Offi l8i7
(Scots
soldrers)
F om all the above.it shouldbe clear that the Federation
attemptsto promotethe gameassuch.It mustbe niceto (like AlbenTnphv lst llickParker. l5irhPenns lania\blunreerI&aJ
MrTanner)haveall the answers at onesdisposal.andto know (ro{liguret lnd Aler Sim.CreenHosalds
whal all wargamers mustdo. 3d Dan Alhr.Ro$llrish Conncbular 1908
Ultimatelythe Federationis not particularlyconcerned with LitdeWarTnphl lsr-Tim vaughan.lhTeusVolunreerlniantry
whatpeoplewho arenotregistered to theFederation think.The lnd L€n Johnson.ll$ Lancen l${
Federationexiststo sene the interestsof its members.The lrd-RaiBor_le!. Ben$ll-ance$
Federatiofl realises thal not all wargamerswill becompetitivein
nature.For example.it is estimatedthat at teast40% of all ComnariorT0phr BobLoton
households in SoulhAfrica havea chessset,but thereareonly (tsPulanorcl Rereat from Kabul
 51

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52

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Figuesby PETER

AC1 S ouchhatadvancing
AC2 S ouchhatadvancing highpon
AC3 S ouchhatcha€ingbackpack
AC4 Slouchhatcharging blanketrctl
ACs Slouchhatcharging wavinqrnusket
406 Slouchhatfting
AC7 Slouchhatkneeling rking
AC8 Slouchhalrammino muskel
ACg Slolchhalloadnq-
AC10 Cha,ging drummer carryhgdrum
AC11 Conlede'ateoflice marchno
AC12 Conledef ateoflicercharoino
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AC13 Slouchhalmarching
ACl4 Artillerymanwilhrammer
AC15Artilleryman wilhround
ACl6 Artillerymanwilhtrailspke
AC17 Adileryman standinq
AC18Confederale otlicerwlthbinoculars
AC19 Souchhalstandard bearcr
AC20 Unon otficertuinspislol
AC21 Unlonslandardbearer
AC23 Kepibackpack advancng
AC24 Kep bac[packchaErns
AC25 Kep blankelrolchargng
AC26 Kepibackpack marching
AC27 Kepiblankellollmarching
AC28 Keoiba.koe.kfinnd
Ac29 Ke;ibackbackkndrnornno - AC79 Kepiadvancing
ac3o Un;onotliiermarchna-
AC31 KeDibackoack loadmo
AC32Zoirave Inrezadvancing
AC33Zouaveiniezcharoinq
AC34 Zouaveolti@radvancing
AC35 Zouaveintezmaching
AC36 zouaveslrawhatadvancins
AC37 Zouavestandardbear€r
AC38 Zouaveinluban advancino -
AC39Zouaveinlu|bancha.oino
AC4o Zouaveinlulbanma'chng
AC41 Zouaveinlurbanfting
AC42 Garibaldl
suardadvancino
AC43 Garibadiglad chargng
AC44 Garibadiolard oflicer
AC45 Fhodelslandiniantruadvancino -
AC46 Bhodelslandinianti otticer
AC47 14thNewYolkadvancino
AC48 BerdanSharcshooterli.i;o
AC49 BedanShapshooterkne;ling
AC50 BedanSharpshooler sniper
AC51 BerdanSharoshooler oroneloadrno
AC52 BerdanShadshoole,dflrce'
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CIVILWAR
AC53 UniondismountedCav.li no
AC54 lJniondismolnted
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Ac56 UniondismounledCav.Drc.ei rino
_ AC3C Confederate Cav.withpislol
AC57 Uniondismo!.te!c6v ;fii.e. AC4C Conledeate Cav.withshotgun
AC5a uniondismounledCav.trumpeter AC5C ConiedekteCav.al rest
AC59 Conlederare
d smounted Cav.liins AC6C UnionCavdryal rest
AC60 Coniederale
dlsmounred Cav. ACTC UnonCealry chargrng wrthswdd
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dismounted
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AC64 Fequla'FrocldHadee harcharoino AC13CRushersLafcers
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AC66 Requldofiicerin Hadeehal AC15CContederale Cav.raiderwilh
AC67 Regularslandard bearer
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hal ACr6C ConiedeaieCav.raiderwithpislols
AC69 Zouaveinkepiadvancing AC17CUnionmounled Coloneinovercoat
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AC71Zouaveinkeoiii.inq
AC72 StandadbearermArchlno keoi
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inov€rcoat SURREYTWg 2EP
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AC85 Kepistandardb€arerin overcoal P.O.Box9647,Tampa,
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AC87 Slouchhai ailvancinqin overcoat Telr0139637885
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AC90 Slouchhatoadnginovercoat UKPRICES: US PRICES:
AC91 Slouchhatoliicerinovercoar
AC92 Slouchhalstandadbearerinovercoat Foot 45p Foot $1.00
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UK& BFPOPost&
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inovercoat
wilhround
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LimberHorse Packagingl0%, minp&p
liins E10 UnionLimberHo6es 50p.Ode6 over825
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Horsesgalrop|ig POSTFREE,OVERSEAS
EG13Civi WafSupplyW.qon SURFACE 30%.AIRMAIL
60%.

PETERPIG FiguresWith MoreOink SCHEMATICA

SOFTWARE
Ruleson Diskfor theAtari,Amiga& IBM/PC
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2311 HussaB ollheGuardoi theSlpfemePowe6Troopers 1945 Stonehumpedbacks nsearched
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paintinsserviceand hnndmadebuildings;n all scales.Let me
turn vour stock of bare metal into units. Paintedunits and
buildingsfrom stock.AFV kits built. lnternarionalclientele. PUBLISHING
ANSCHTUSS
Forsamples and{urtherdetailssendf2. or $5b'll.5l Ashsrove Riv€dell. WathenWar, Ma6ham, Aylshm. NorfolkNRr0sPZ
Road.Horfield,BristolBS79LF.Tel: (0117)9837508. NEw! TwO IN ONE |O\"TH!
ftstt M,?tr6nThdhtei lesfr.mJinwcbier.d.!i3rednn
SASPAINTINGSERVICE.15mmfigurespaintedto averyhigh bigade.division..orps-oroeiamtlevelactionsonthc*rlerm*
standard.Napol€onics & ACw a speciality.Send3 figuresfor table.E\e hine.olcrcd in $r\s
Jiml 13.95+ P&P
freepaintjobto:S.A. Stuart.l7 Brebner Crescent. Northfield.
& lA15:Q\atu A16. LiE,!. * tr ftFi^tpubLnhcd in l317and(dfar
AberdeenAB2 7HT. as{e kno{)noMn pnnr for de fihr rinc thnc. urllA goodiccount
20mm WWII FIGURE PAINTER. Quality figure painiing ofrheFnpherrlbrde\inBclliuminl3la aJ.N+P&P
servicefor the wargamer.For a sarnpleand info send12 lo L.
Kenn€dv.14Jameson Courl.LondonE2 9LT.
TRING CLUBSUMMtrROPENDAY. On Sunday.18thJune.
the Tring WargamesClub w'll be openingits doors to the
public.The mainattractionwill be a l5mm refightoftheBattle
of Waterloo.Tring is a very friendlyclub andwouldwelcome
any interestedvisitors. The club meets at the New Mill
CommunityCentre. BulbourneRoad. Tring and the event
beginsat 10.00am.For further detailscontactHenry Scrivens
on 01,+42826241orGraham Harrisonon 01296-23118.

CLUBS& SOCIETIES
KILMARNOCK, IRVINE VALLEY & STEWARTON. If
anyonein the abovc or surroundingareasis interestedin
forminga wargames club, anyage.any period,pleasecontact
Stuarton 01563'822454.
MIDDLESBROUGH WARGAMESCLUBmeetsev€rySunday
betweenlpm and 6pm at the Kader Youth & Community
Centre.Trimdon Avenue,Acklam. Middlesbrough(rear of
The Grenadierpub).Membersplaya varietyofHistoricaland
Fantasy/Sci'Fi,
boardgames, wargamesand roleplay.Please
contaclLesDankson (01642)596082 for nore details.
WARGAMER SEEKS OTHER PLAYERS for sames in
Notts/Derbyarea- Ancientsand Renaissance player.bur will
pla)anypcriod.ConracrClrveon 0 | I59-445b8f. POSTAGE& PACKINC (FB.

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 i7

T'og-r*"fi
lft.rls 2O2 Wollaton Qoad,
Be€ston, Nottingham NGg 2PH,
Tel: (0115)922 6947.

FE'Gi!-rrrHE !*LAftUstilD[AI{ WARSg

"' : t-gU,UTFFGURESFilEWSCALEF *
6|r|m = rft Avcrage flgur. hctgtrt 3ai||r

AILFIGUiES CAST If, PEWTEi

t3tcat for Sktr|ntrt Wirg.,ner and goo.t ao prtnt.
3 Dlttorcnt trtbe. rcplctcnicd S|OUX, CROW r..t PAWIEE,
23 srytesoi foot iigure I 7 djtfefenrrjde.s 4 sryiesof gailopingponies.
Allfiquresareopenhandedwith Guns,Bows.Lances etc.suppljedsepararely. EoneBreanPlates and R€gati:suppiiedforgreater

SENdfOTIIIUSITAIEd
EOOKIEt
NORTHAMERICAN PLAJNs JNDANSV/ARFARE DRESS ANdWEAPONS+ CUrrENt IBt OffiOUrEs
PiICE! e2 + 5Opp&pOn Send e2.Zj + iop p&p tor Aooktet, !|tt .nd S.|rtptc Ftgur..
Pric€D€rails:FOOT FIGURE70p RTDER75p HORsE!1.50 Add I5o/op&p for.I ord€u up to !25 Chequespayableto TOM.S]JNS

lst CorpsIiEures- dcsigned

by RobBaker
T:t
t_liialii Seeingis believing
Taketheguessrvork out oforderingpaintedfigures.
Our guaranteepromisesthatyou canbe surethe figures
' l deliveredto yourwargames tableareour to our highest
:t tt tfa {et ne rnt 4t4 lulae8 standard...the
best.
9..-/n
"]=i:r
a a;it i trs co iiir.ii ..li'ic r'
I l0 RoebankStreet,Glasgowc3l 3EA. Tel:041 5540944 Discountson completeunits,
Chalgesincludethecostof foot or momted6gure Sendu SAI or two IRCS Call for details.

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58

K unninqtr
an/ftrniatnt os
lA KemFfofd Road- Lndon SD114NU.T€L or7r 735 77a7.r,xt orjl 5aj t9or

NE\f 20mm Napoleonics

*over 450 castinqs+
Bitish, Frcnch fussizn A*tian, bu.rsian, Bruasaich, Ndseu. Drtch-Belgian, Hanooarian,

FR7' FR72 FR71 FR6' FR66 FR67 FR66

r'r.* .od s-A-E.or twornc" r". n l FREE CATALOGUE
Need to 6ebt those 25mm Samurai? I5mm Arnerican Civil War & pri6,
Trv-our 25mm Chinese Chinere Mediev:J 25"*
liglG 50p rHoF 70p

WE ACCEPTVISA & MASTERCA-R,D MAIL ORDERONLY

DREW'SMILITIA
QUALITY20mmFIGURES
T€l: 0l8l-290 5894 Davdm€
1MOSSLEA
ROAD,
BBOMLEY, KENTBR29PSTEL 0181.460
0728

NEW1995RANGES
DBEWS lflLnIA ha@beenrcrkins on a THE PANZERS
numba ol adtng new20mn 6ng6 lbr th€ 20mmWaff€nSSady war PZI - .3Ecm Raketerwsfg 6t
nost dis.4ing Mrgam€E. 20mh Latewd Waifenss
Due for rele.e .turlns 1995. tr2:95
20m Ea 9 w Fal$humjaseE uith lh@ cts. 18coow.ted& issuedto
20lm tile warFalschumiag@ StumnoM 1001,1002and 1003u*d
20@ XIBRIrobustplasticbln.Ings 20lm FalschumFger heavyw@pons minly lortie defeo@ol Gem.y, 194rL45.
20mm&ijish loni6 in resin
20mmBelsiaoftean EmalFo't6 n@ps PZz - Pdei rvrr06)
20mn D@d Wd Aii@ ColF 20m EbeanEmalFalschumFger tr@ps P@etuagen 604D, G@t 554
20mDDese.tWd 8lh A.hy 20lm Brilish194445Paratreps T.nL D4iroyei !10.00
20m De*rt Wd ltal€ns
20mn Bnbsh1944-45slida treps 2?8 mad€Augln 44 Mdh 45.
20m IACK COVERbunk€6
20mmAirbomeeqlipnent Amament75m PaKl-to
20mmFoxhob & nguG
PaDerM70 was*nl 6 a repla@ment to
20mmGemianBcnd€nburg€ts
20mmUSAmy JeeF 194345 frany Tank-Hunteruni6in lndependent asult
20mmGemanPaEeEin €in
20mm&irishAirbom€JeeF 192!H5 gunbngad4andintanty divisioru6 a suppon
20mmUSAmca6 in tain
20mmBaldeotBedinRu$ians &ult gunwilh goodAnli Ta.k abilitq
20mmJapan@Matine& lmpqial Any
20mmRushn Havy Weapons
20mmJapan@bunk4
20mmVehicledews& workshoppercnd U.S-U.C. AMTRACSl94il/45 €10.00
20mmBnlishEadyWarA!\rs in .esin
DREWS MILITU\ ba@ the uo d! largdt 2omm producl line. plansin th€pip€linee jut senda SAElor tul detanr
Watgam€E and modeUm the $orld oq have coDe to resaid the Post and Packrnsplea.. .ild l0% ()x or Euope, ordeb ovd
DREWS as lhe besl and mosl a@uEle hi5tohcaltigurd in lhe rcrld. 135.00 po.t fre€, ov@.s plea* .dd 35%.
With lhe new Eng6 @ hop€ $at lhe mosi dising @llector will be the E.rcluslve
oltblbutor lq
happy qiti ihe ffguc and no vehlcld @ a@nw prcducing tc' $ppon Dt6is mde ln tlonh aturle
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 PAINTINGSIRVTCE
BYCRAHAMIISHMAN

U S A A C E N T r l h . C o o n i , r( o n f e . i i o n l l { r \ \ ' a r . h a n r s P o . 1 ! ! l i a n r s b u r e \J lltti USA.

A U S T R A L I AANG E N I : l l i l t a ^ H o b b € \ , l . 1 . 1 W . n T e t r a LAei e, l ad c I O l ] 1 S] , ., \ u ( r a a T c & f a \ : 0 8 : l t . 1 7 7 t
E X P O RPTO S T &P A C I (NI C C H A R C E S W: e o n \ c h a r Sleh e r . i u a p o n a S er n \ m o n e v n o t ! s . dw b e c r e d i r e d
L L ] R o P TA: d . ]] O % U 5 A ,C \ N A D A , \ L S T R L I A E l ' :A d d ' 1 ] 9 bi O r AR I I A ] t
N ' \ P O L I O \ i C F R L NH
( R E ! ( ) L l l TO \ A R \ ' \ \ ' A R S : 5 E l r l \ ' E A R S \ \ ' \ RE] N C L T SCHV T L W R A M I R I C A N ! ! A R O N D E p E N D E N C E :
P E R S O N A l l T l 1A5M: E R I C ACN V I L \ \ r \ R :t \ R L l \ 1 E D E \ l A LR . [ \ A | S 5 A N CR E A N G EA N C E N T SB R ] T | SC HO L O NA L : I C I U t p M E N T S
sTARTER PACXSffi AtL THEACTSLISTEDABOVI.l2FIGS& DTTATLED CATALOGUI: !5.00: POSTFRTE.
pt r4\I \olt \t ttt pRh t\ I t. tl I Roy tr t4\L qRt tggi:
t\r 8 r \t ltL\:.1,p HoR\t\. f,umoop tq,t,I at atoLt | : LI irl

C.edit Catd Ode ts ttel.ome

2 . 1 H O UAR\ l t \ < l R t t iI t O t i R I D r q R D O R D t R Tt A NOLtRtt\
P h o n p : 0 t - ;Jt t l 4 3 l r \ ; 0 1 : t t . 1 7 7 . 2 9 A
5ro.ki( of TurcanResearrh Conpuier Wargan.s

ETLERBURN
ARMIIS,BOXTRTE,
THORNTONDALE,NR.PICKIRINC,N, YORl(sYO]A 75D

\]

l
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$r.t *!ji *3$ @\*
\4
DO YOUWANTYOURTERRAINTO LOOKREALISTIC?
Then isyour answer:A realisticflexiblesystemfor wargamers
- moredurablethananyothersystem
Highdensitypolystyrene to date.
Realistic
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 t \0adtf?nti l*a' ta .onwh a,th,t\t tahp.ttiod at tr,a,lliuw:

CON.EOENATE T863
INFA fNY & CAUALBY
CtrVALRY ' choice ol Hator (epi
AcwcLS lesred cdbine - olen sneujack€t
ACWCLo Ced !6e ' sheUjacket slugcdbine
AcwcLT Brddbhilglevolver open shelljaclel
ACWCIS Drahmrd 6!enN snin (suitaue to! Sssd <ltaq@s)
ACWCIg DtaM !€volve! blaid€d snonjack€t Guitable lstVirgmaerc)
ACWC2o lesled cdbine - 'tuens shlll ($jlable ior Ssser &agoos)
ACWCzI DraM Mrd - braided shonjacket Guikble - L$ Vnqinia erc)
ACWCz2 lrddthinq sord - openshenjact€t

IIORIIES
ll44 HoGeal culer - headup

INtu{lRY choi@ oi Hator iepi

ACw272 O6cer itockcoar, srddjng firilg pistol
Acw2?3 Slddddbed€! toctcoar & ktralsact chdghq
ACw27a Srdddd beeer. sackjacler & bld*et loU chdqMq
ACW275 Stdddd b3dei - opensheUjackel & bla*el roll chargng
Acw276 Stddddbede! open sheUjackel stdding
u lq| tno\ 8 eAoE1863
ACW2?7 Dme! she! jackel & blanlet bn !]lluq wang n (beehead)
ACW2?8 Obcer - iorctcoal & sold - taling back PBICES
ACW279 Inldlly sackjac&et& loapsac] ndc]lfg righr shouldershifi Fool& Cavalry 55p
ACw280 hleiry - op€nsheUjacket- sl6dr9 w& nne
Horses 8op
COMMAIID PERIIONIIJTIES - No head€ridh SinglepieceEquipment C1.25
ACWP4 !rig, C€n. LewGA. Irnislead ' Chdging {aving hat d endof sord (Celt}rbug, Iuly 3!d 1863)
ACW?s Col,Jchua IJ.Chanbedai! Dayoreh l (Cettysbug, Iuly 2!d 1863)
POSTAGE
& PACKING:
Abovepesonalities cd oi coup be 6ed 4 olhe! o6ces

IQUI!MENI I

'95
CPI CuPlatiom $ilalle tolAcwli€ldlN (Use? tot Biege9u)
I

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FIASCO
Satuday2llhJun€,
AflnleySpoftCrnlre,Car Crots,IEE0S12
tEl
m
Lastreat arflAsco, DtxoNMr{lAfunEswlI thz avtnt tot h. 8E5T25nn UIAEGAMES
FtcunEs
w
SENDE3.50(+ POST)FOROUFILLUSTFATEO CATALOGUE WITH,NTBICATE LINEDFAWINGS OFOl.iRSUPEBBFANGE.
R A N G EISN C L U D E :
25mm:MONGOLS, IANDSKNECHTS, SAMURAI, GfiANDALIIANCE& LOUISXlv AFMY,oTToMANTUFKS,NAPOIEONIC (EGYPT&
PENINSULAF), INDTAN SEVENYEAFSWAF(WOLFE'S
MUTINY, AFMY& FREDERICKTHE GT.),OLDWEST,ALAMO,AIUEBICAN CIVIL
WAF& AMEFICANINDIANWARSI 25m- ENCIISHCIW! w,4Rl
20nm: WORLDWAFTwo - DESEFTWAR(EiglhAhy, AlrikaKorps,ltaliansa Fr€nchForeignLegion),RUSSIANS, GERMANINFANTFY
(inc.Earlywar,wafi€n SS & Paras).FIGUBESONLY!
lsmm: AGEOF MAFLBOBOUGH (inc.Gt. Norlhemwa4,INDIANMUTINY (18s7)
-Dlxoli tllNlATUFS Ep
Si,n qG r o vM i l eu,d d e d i r lw
a i l l s , l i n l h w aH d ,. Y o r k sE. ,n g l a n
1d0 7 5 0 GT.e l &F a x : 0 4 8 4 6 1 6 2 . -