Drainage Urban Design-Full Report

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM
CIVIL ENGINEERING
ECW 557
ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY
GROUP PROJECT: URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN
PREPARED BY
NAZIRUL AZRIE BIN AZMI (2018410276)
MUHAMMAD SYUKRY BIN ALIAS (2018224226)
NASZIRAH BINTI ROSLAN (2018654346)
NURSULAIHA BINTI MD SAAD (2019359117)
NURUL ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILI (2019312167)
CLASS:
EC2205A4
PREPARED FOR:
IR JALINA BINTI KASIM

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 Introduction Drain Design
2.0 Background Project
3.0 Objective
4.0 Layout
4.1 Proposed Drainage Layout for Plan B
4.2 Proposed Development (Plan view)
4.3 Drain Catchment (Area identification of each drain)
4.4 Drain Catchment; Design Layout
5.0 Sample of Calculation
5.1 Area Boxes
5.2 Detail Inverted Level Calculation
5.3 Sample of Calculation for Drainage Design
5.4 Calculation for Each Drainage Design
6.0 Summary Worksheet
7.0 Design Sheet
7.1 Drain of D1
7.2 Drain of D3
7.3 Drain of D6
7.4 Drain of D8
7.5 Drain of D12
8.0 Discussion
9.0 Conclusion
10.0 References
1.0 Introduction Drain Design
Drainage is the manmade withdrawal of both surface and sub-surface water. Drainage is also a major
component of civil engineering construction projects and is important to prevent flooding and other damage.
Storm water framework are determined into two categories, major and minor. The minor framework
comprises swales, canals, channels, on location detention, bio retention and the various sort of breath in and
BMPs that collect, store, treat and want runoff to a release are or impoundment. Components within the minor
amount framework are measured to oversee runoff created by the more visit brief- terms storm occasions. The
major framework incorporates common streams, channels, lakes, lakes, wetlands, expansive channels and
culverts. Plan criteria for the major amount framework are regularly based on critical sums of precipitation
delivered by less visit long length storms. PMPs, all sizes are planned based on the same chosen storm but
from much more visit occasions.
Urban storm water management, essentially expressed, is everything done inside a catchment to
remedy existing storm water issues and to anticipate the event of new issues. It includes the development and
implementation of a combination of structural and non-structural measures to accommodate the movement
and capacity work of storm water frameworks inside the space and related needs of an expanding urban
population. It too includes the improvement and usage of a range of measures or Best Management Practices
(BMPs) to make strides the quality of urban storm water runoff earlier to its releases to accepting waters.
Storm water management (SWM) is the component for controlling storm water runoff for the reason
of minimizing the catchment flow rates, runoff volumes, recurrence of flooding and corruption of surface
water quality through usage of development disintegration and sediment control, quality control and treatment
best management practices (BMPs) to decrease the impacts of land use changes. In reaction to the alter
framework comprising of check, canal, deplete and lined channels are created to security pass on the runoff
through the catchment. In spite of the fact that such impacts from a small individual location could appear
inconsequential the collective impacts of various sites all through the catchment can have significant impacts
on the environment, particularly in a catchment’s lower comes to.
Sustainable urban waste frameworks (SUDS) are systems designed to effectively oversee the drainage
of surface water within the urban environment. Sustainable urban drainage frameworks can give an alternative
to, or expansion to, conventional waste systems where surface water is depleted straightforwardly and rapidly
into underground, channel drainage. As population has increased, especially in urban zones, and ‘soft’,
permeable landscape has been supplanted with difficult surfaces, surface water runoff has come to
conventional channel waste quicker and in bigger amounts. This has been exacerbated by the loss of rural
features that might once have moderated the entry of surface water, being supplanted with expansive, plan
cultivated areas that quickly release surface water into channel seepage or conduits that make their way into
urban areas. The result has been higher peak flows coming about in genuine flooding of urban regions,
contamination, harm to territory and contamination of groundwater sources.
2.0 Background Project
This group project is intended to train students to undertake the urban drainage design in the context
of a development project using the local hydrological procedures. Students need to design project related to
urban hydrology using the current Malaysian Standard and identify, formulate, conduct research literature and
analyse complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
This project is assigning students to designing urban drainage in Sungai Kepis located at Negeri
Sembilan. This area consisting 4 blocks, 1 cafeteria block K and 1 guard house. This design must be in
appropriate design in order to avoiding flooding, over flow and smoothly water flow. There are about 22
drainage been assigned. All this design followed Urban Storm Water Management Manual for Malaysia
second edition (MSMA 2nd).
3.0 Objective
I. To ensure students appreciate the mutually-complementary role of hydrological analysis.

II. To carry out the hydraulics design in real life project.
III. To carry out design project related to urban hydrology using the current Malaysian standard.
IV. To propose the drainage layout area for the chosen area from the purposed development plan.
V. To design drains using Urban Storm Water Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA).
4.0 Layout
4.1 Proposed Drainage Layout for Plan B
4.2 Proposed Development (Plan view)

4.3 Drain Catchment (Area identification of each drain)
4.4 Drain Catchment; Design Layout

5.0 Sample of Calculation
5.1 Area Boxes
Area
Height Width (𝒎𝟐 ) Height Width Area
Box (m) (m) Box (m) (m) (𝒎𝟐 )
1 8.083 49.685 401.604 20 50.892 4.237 215.629
2 144.231 10.932 1576.733 21 10.415 4.81 50.096
3 144.295 9.843 1420.296 22 10.415 4.387 45.691
4 95.811 11.858 1136.127 23 51.105 4.81 245.815
5 35.802 12.902 461.917 24 51.105 4.602 235.185
6 35.802 17.633 631.297 25 9.492 4.81 45.657
Rectangle
7 35.802 7.314 261.856 26 9.492 4.602 43.682

8 5.245 12.903 67.676 27 10.415 57.219 595.936
9 3.953 30.509 120.602 28 9.492 57.24 543.322
10 5.146 17.609 90.616 31 11.579 10.62 122.969
11 3.953 7.317 28.924 32 10.415 57.25 596.259
13 51.607 12.985 670.117 33 57.25 9.406 538.494
14 10.61 24.843 263.584 34 51.105 10.46 534.558
15 7.001 5.047 35.334 35 10.415 10.46 108.941
16 7.273 4.213 30.641 36 51.104 10.234 522.998
17 7.57 5.023 38.024 37 8.66 10.234 88.626
18 8.051 4.236 34.104 38 8.66 57.25 495.785
19 50.863 5.023 255.485 39 78.489 8.455 663.624
Length Width Area

Triangle Box (m) (m) (𝒎𝟐 )
12 58.575 4.123 120.752
Height Area
Box A B (m) (𝒎𝟐 )
13 4.123 7.001 57.291 318.653
Trapezium
29 7.273 11.689 67.907 643.826

14 4.295 7.57 57.242 339.588
30 8.051 10.992 67.907 646.577
SECTION Height (m) Width (m) Area (𝒎𝟐 )

Block A 50.863 57.219 2910.330
Block B 57.240 51.105 2925.250
Block C 50.892 57.250 2913.567
Block D 57.250 51.105 2925.761
Guard House 5.146 7.314 37.638
Cafeteria 40.942 24.925 1020.479
5.2 Detail Inverted Level Calculation
type H (m) Total (m)

A 1.0973 1.5545
B 0.9144 1.3716
C 0.7925 1.2497
D 0.6086 1.0658
E 0.4877 0.9449
F 0.3048 0.7620
G 0.1829 0.6401
Type total depth length Gradient

Drain Drain (m) (m) (1 in) RL (1) IL (1) x RL (2) IL (2)
D1 F-12 0.7620 55.717 800 43.0 42.24 0.0696 43.0 42.2
62.572 800 43.0 42.17 0.0782 43.0 42.1
D2 F-12 0.7620 62.243 800 43.0 42.24 0.0778 43.0 42.2
D3 F-12 0.7620 55.401 200 48.0 47.24 0.2770 48.0 47.0
0.7620 62.793 200 48.0 46.96 0.3140 48.0 46.6
D4 F-12 0.7620 62.464 200 48.0 47.24 0.3123 48.0 46.9
D5 G-12 0.6401 148.065 28 48.0 47.36 5.2880 42.2 42.1
D6 F-12 0.7620 55.79 500 42.7 41.94 0.1116 42.7 41.8
63.216 500 42.7 41.83 0.1264 42.7 41.7
D7 F-12 0.7620 62.84 500 42.7 41.94 0.1257 42.7 41.8
D8 F-12 0.7620 56.882 200 47.0 45.92 0.2844 47.0 45.6
0.7620 63.153 200 47.0 45.64 0.3158 47.0 45.3
D9 F-12 0.7620 63.261 200 47.0 46.24 0.3163 47.0 45.9
D10 G-12 0.6401 155.559 30 47.0 46.36 5.1853 42.2 41.2
D11 G-12 0.6401 51.565 50 46.5 45.86 1.0313 45.2 44.8
D12 F-12 0.7620 56.738 50 46.5 45.74 1.1348 46.5 44.6
0.7620 34.302 50 46.5 44.60 0.6860 45.2 43.9
D13 F-12 0.7620 6.339 500 42.2 41.44 0.0127 42.2 41.4
0.7620 9.434 500 42.2 41.43 0.0189 42.2 41.4
D14 G-12 0.6401 105.309 30 45.2 44.83 3.5103 42.2 41.3
D15 G-12 0.6401 164.845 100 47.0 44.13 1.6485 42.7 42.5
D16 G-12 0.6401 148.157 80 42.7 42.48 1.8520 42.2 40.6
D17 G-12 0.6401 102.651 28 46.5 45.86 3.6661 42.2 42.2
D18 G-12 0.6401 67.545 40 42.2 42.19 1.6886 42.2 40.5
D19 G-12 0.6401 145.291 45 48.0 47.36 3.2287 47.0 44.1
D20 G-12 0.6401 34.337 30 46.5 45.86 1.1446 45.2 44.7
D21 F-12 0.7620 9.446 500 42.2 41.44 0.0189 42.2 41.4
5.3 Sample of Calculation for Drainage Design
Location
For Drain Section,
D1 Length: 118.289 m
Return Period: 10 years
Catchment
Sub area:
R1 = 0.0230 ha
A (1) = 0.1455 ha
Flow Time
Overland Flow, t o
1
107n ∗× L3
to = 1
S5
Horton’s roughness value for the surface, n* = 0.015
Overland sheet flow path length, L = 27.684 m
Slope of overland surface, S = 1.86 %
1
107 × 0.015 × 27.6843
to = 1 = 4.288599 min
1.865
Drain time, td
n×L
td = 2 1
60 × R3 × S 2
Time concentration, tc = Overland flow + Drain time

tc = to + td
tc = 5 + 3.17839
= 8.17839 min
Critical time of concentration
t c = t c initial + t c final
t c = 0 + 8.17839
= 8.17839 min
Rational Method
Intensity (30 ≤ t ≤ 1000 min) Design location:
Negeri Sembilan, Sungai Kepis
From MSMA Appendix 13.A, ARI: 10 years.
Coefficients of the IDF Polynomial Equations:
λ κ θ η
54.40 0.176 0.134 0.842
Intensity, I:
λ × Tκ
I=
(d + θ)η
Average recurrence interval, T = 10
Storm duration, d = 8.178388
Fitting constants dependent on the rain gauge location λ, κ, θ, η
54.4 × 100.176 mm
I= 0.8842
= 254.457
(8.178388 + 0.3291) h
Runoff Coefficient, C:
Based on MSMA 2nd Edition,2012 (Table 2.5: Coefficient for Various Land uses)
C for R1 (Open Spaces: Grass Cover) = 0.40

C for A (1) (Residential: Link and Terrace House) = 0.90
Equivalent Runoff Coefficient, Ce

CR(1) A1 + CA(1) A2
Ce =
A1 + A2
(0.40 × 0.0230) + (0.90 × 0.1455)

Ce = = 0.83175
0.0230 + 0.1455
Total equivalent area:
R (1) + A (1) = 0.0230 + 0.1455= 0.1685 ha
Discharge, Qp:
CIA
Q=
360
Equivalent Runoff Coefficient, C = 0.83175
Intensity, I = 254.457 mm/h

Total equivalent area, A = 0.1685 ha
0.83175 × 254.457 × 0.1685 m3

Q peak = = 0.09556
360 s
Drain Section
Design Drain Section = D1 Gradient, S = 1/500
Capacity Discharges, QC = 1 𝐴𝑅2/3𝑆1/2 𝜂
Concrete (steel form), n = 0.011,
From the Table 14.2,
Area, A = 0.206 m2, R = 0.135 m

1
1 2 1 2 m3
Q capacity = ( ) × 0.206 × 0.1353 × ( ) = 0.17424
0.011 800 s
The design drain structure so that Qcapacity > Qpeak
Actual Velocity, V:
Q
v=
A
0.17424 m
v= = 0.84583
0.206 s
Flow time
0.015 × 118.289
t flow time = 1 = 2.51274 min
2 1 2
60 × 0.1353 ×( )
500
Inverted level, IL=Total depth + H
Total depth = (1.5×0.3048) +0.3048 m
1st IL = 43.0 m (RL) – 0.7620 m = 42.238 m
2nd IL = 43.3 m-0.0696 m=42.17 m

3rd IL = 43.0 m-0.0782 m=42.09 m
5.4 Calculation for Each Drainage Design
Design Sheet
Drain: D1 Length = 118.289 m Designed by: Nurul Athirah Bt Zaili
State: Negeri Sembilan

Station: Sungai Kepis
Return Period: 10 year  = 54.400  = 0.176  = 0.134  = 0.842
Type of sub-area Area (ha) C CA
Road (R1) 0.0230 0.40 0.0092

Block (A1) 0.90 0.0207
0.0230
Inlet time t0 = 5 min (Remark: adopt 5 since inlet time is 3.32523< 5)

Drain time td = 3.178388 min
Time of concentration tc = 8.178388 min Critical time of concentration tc = 8.178388 min
Intensity I = 245.4572087 mm/h Equivalent runoff coefficient Ce = 0.831751
Peak discharge Qp = 0.096 m3/s
Drain section: F-12 Section details:

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m
n = 0.011 Proposed gradient: 1/800
Capacity Q = 0.174242 m3/s
Actual velocity = 0.845833 m/s

Total depth = 0.7620 m
Actual drain time = 3.178388 min
Design Sheet

Road (R2a) 0.0596 0.90 0.0536

Block (A2) 0.95 0.1382
0.1455
Inlet time t0 = 5 min (Remark: adopt 5 since inlet time is 3.15732 < 5)

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m
Actual drain time = 1.672449 min Total depth = 0.7620 m

Design Sheet

Road (R3 + R(2b)) 0.0892 0.95 0.0847

Block (B1) 0.90 0.1317
0.1463

2
A = 0.136 m P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet

Road (R4) 0.0853 0.40 0.0341

Block (B2) 0.90 0.1317
0.1463

2
A = 0.136 m P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet

Road (R5) 0.1420 0.4 0.0568
Drain section: G-12 Section details:

2
A = 0.136 m P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet
Drain: D6 Length = 119 m Designed by: Muhammad Syukry

Road (R6) 0.1413 0.95 0.1342

Block (C1) 0.1457 0.9 0.1311

Time of concentration tc = 7.5280 min Critical time of concentration tc = 8.2723min
3
Peak discharge Qp = 0.180 m /s

A = 0.206 m2 P = 1.524 m R = 0.135 m

Design Sheet
Drain: D7 Length = 62.84 m Designed by: Muhammad Syukry

Block (C2) 0.1457 0.9 0.1311

Road (R7A) 0.0596 0.95 0.0566


A = 0.206 m2 P = 1.524 m R = 0.135 m

Design Sheet

Road (R8+R7B) 0.1228 0.95 0.1167

Block (D1) 0.1463 0.9 0.1317
3

A = 0.206 m2 P = 1.524 m R = 0.135 m

Design Sheet

Block (D2) 0.1463 0.9 0.1317

Road (R9) 0.0627 0.4 0.0251

A = 0.206 m2 P = 1.524 m R = 0.135 m

Design Sheet
Drain: D10 Length = 155.559 m Designed by: Naszirah Roslan

Road (R10) 0.0574 0.95 0.05453
3

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.2192 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet

Open spaces: 0.1556 0.40 0.06224

Grass cover (R11)

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.2192 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet

Cafeteria (CF1) 0.0510 0.90 0.0459

Road (R12) 0.2025 0.95 0.192375
Inlet time t0 = 5min (Remark: adopt 5 since inlet time is 3.9444 < 5)

2
A = 0.206 m P = 1.524 m R = 0.135 m
Total depth= 0.7620 m

Design Sheet

Guard house (G1) 0.0019 0.90 0.00171

Road (R13) 0.0098 0.95 0.00931

A = 0.206 m2 P = 1.524m R = 0.135m
Total depth= 0.7620 m

Design Sheet
Drain: D14 Length = 105.309 m Designed by: Nazirul Azrie Azmi

Road (R14) 0.0984 0.95 0.09348


A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet

Road (R15) 0.0664 0.95 0.06308
3

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet

Road (R16) 0.1380 0.95 0.1311

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet

Road (R17) 0.0402 0.4 0.01608
3

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.219 m R = 0.112 m

Design Sheet
Drain : D18 Length = 67.545 m Designed by: Nursulaiha Md Saad

State : Negeri Sembilan
Station : Sungai Kepis
Road (R18) 0.0239 0.95 0.0227
3

2
A = 0.136 m P = 1.2192 m R = 0.112 m H = 0.1829m
Total depth = 0.6401m
67.545m
RL = 42.20m RL = 42.20m
IL = 42.19m
Upstream IL = 40.51m
Downstream
Design Sheet

Grass Cover (R19) 0.0664 0.4 0.0266

A = 0.136 m2 P = 1.2192 m R = 0.112 m H = 0.1829m
145.291m
RL = 48.00m
RL = 47.00m
IL = 47.36m
Upstream
Downstream IL = 44.13m
Design Sheet

Cafeteria (CF2) 0.0510 0.90 0.0459

2
A = 0.136 m P = 1.2192 m R = 0.112 m H = 0.1829m
34.337m
RL = 46.50m
RL = 45.20m
IL = 45.86m
Upstream
Downstream IL = 44.72m
Design Sheet
Drain : D21 Length = 9.446m Designed by: Nursulaiha Md Saad

Guard house (G1) 0.0019 0.90 0.0017
3

2
A = 0.206 m P = 1.524m R = 0.135m H = 0.3048m
9.446m
RL = 42.20m RL = 42.20m
IL = 41.44m
Upstream IL = 41.42m
Downstream
6.0 Summary Worksheet
7.0 Design Sheet
7.1 Drain of D1
Location/Station ARI, T Derived Parameters

ID (years) λ κ θ η
2723002 10 54.400 0.176 0.134 0.842
References Calculation Output

Selected drain for sample calculation: D1
Step 1: Propose the drain layout and calculate the Length= 118.3 m
length of drain
Step 2: Select the return period (ARI) value for the ARI, T=10 years
design
The location is classified as minor system, so the
value of ARI is 10 years
Step 3: Determine the sub area of catchment

The sub area catchment in this example are Sub Area:
identified as R(1)
R(1) and A(1) A(1)
Step 4: Calculate the sub catchment areas

Area of R(1)= at area box 14,17,19,21
Area of A(1)= at area block A/2 R(1)= 0.0230 ha
A(1)= 0.1455 ha
Step 5: Calculate flow time
Overland flow,
1
107×0.015×27.6843
Table 2.1 t o = 1 = 4.288599 min
1.865
Equation to Drain time,
estimate time of t o = 4.288599 min
concentration 0.015 × 118.289
td = 1 = 3.17839 min
2 1 2
60 × 0.1353 × (800)
t d = 3.17839 min
Time concentration,
tc = to + td
t c = 5 + 3.17839 = 8.178388 min
Critical time of concentration= t c = 8.178388 min

t c = 0 + 8.178388 = 8.178388 min t c = 8.178388 min
Step 6: Calculate the water discharge using Rational

Method
Equation 2.2, Intensity,
empirical IDF λT κ
curves I=
(d + θ)η
54.4 × 100.176 mm
I= 0.8842
= 254.457 mm
(8.178388 + 0.3291) h I = 254.457
h
Runoff coefficient, (table 2.5)

Table 2.5: C CR(1)=0.40
R(1) -Grass cover
Recommended CA(1) =0.90
CA(1) - Commerical Centres
runoff
coefficient for
various land uses
Equivalent runoff coefficient
Equation 2.4, CR(1) A1 + CA(1) A2
Runoff Ce =
coefficient for A1 + A2
Mixed
development (0.40 × 0.0230) + (0.90 × 0.1455)
Ce =
0.0230 + 0.1455 Ce = 0.83175
= 0.83175
Total equivalent area: Total equivalent area

R(1) + A(1) = 0.0230 + 0.1455= 0.1685 ha = 0.1685 ha
Equation 2.3, Discharge:

Rational Method CIA
Q=
360 m3
0.83175 × 254.457 × 0.1685 Q peak = 0.09556
Q peak = s
360
m3
= 0.09556
s
Step 7: Propose the drain design Type F-12

Drain section= type F-12 S=1/800
Gradient, S= 1/800
Manning Capacity:
equation for 1 2 1
Q capacity = ( ) × A × R3 × S 2
Capacity n
1
1 2 1 2
Q capacity = ( ) × 0.206 × 0.1353 × ( ) m3
0.011 800 Q capacity = 0.17424
m3 s
= 0.17424
s
Actual velocity:
Q
v= m
A v = 0.8483
0.17424 m s
v= = 0.84583
0.206 s
36
Flow time: t flow time = 2.51274 min
0.015 × 118.289
t flow time = 1
2 1 2
60 ×0.1353 ×( )
500
= 2.51274 min
Invert level, IL=Total depth + H

Total depth = (1.5 × 0.3048) + 0.3048 m Total depth = 0.7620 m
1st IL = 43.0 m(RL) – 0.7620 m = 42.238 m 1st IL = 42.238 m
2nd IL = 43.3 m − 0.0696 m = 42.17 m 2nd IL = 42.17 m

3rd IL = 43.0 m − 0.0782 m = 42.09 m
3rd IL =42.09 m
Step 8: Suggest the design of drain vertical profile
37
7.2 Drain of D3

2723002 10 54.400 0.176 0.134 0.842

length of drain
design
Step 3: Determine the sub area of catchment Sub Area:

The sub area catchment in this example are R(3) + R(2b)
identified as B(1)
R(3) + R(2b) and B(1)
Step 4: Calculate the sub catchment areas R(3) + R(2b)= 0.0892 ha

Area of R(3) + R(2b)= B(1)= 0.1463 ha
Area of B(1)=

Overland flow,
1
107×0.015×27.6843
Table 2.1 t o = 1 = 3.4122 min t o = 3.4122 min
5.835
Equation to Drain time,
estimate time of 0.015×118.194
concentration td = 2 1 = 1.58792 min
t d = 1.58792 min
1 2
60×0.1353 ×( )
200
Time concentration,
𝑡𝑐 = 𝑡𝑜 + 𝑡𝑑
t c = 5 + 1.58792 = 6.58792 min t c = 6.58792 min
Critical time of concentration=

𝑡𝑐 = 𝑡𝑐 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 + 𝑡𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 t c = 8.26037 min
t c = 1.67245 + 6.58792 = 8.26037 min
Step 6: Calculate the water discharge using

Rational Method
Intensity,
λT κ
Equation 2.2, I=
empirical IDF (d + θ)η
curves
38
54.4 × 100.176 mm
I= I = 244.417365
8.26037 0.842 h
Table 2.5: (( 60 ) + 0.134)
Recommended mm
runoff = 244.417365
h
coefficient for
various land Runoff coefficient, (table 2.5) CR(1)=0.95
uses CR(3)+𝑅(2𝑏) - Road CA(1) =0.90
C𝐵(1)- Commerical Centres
Equation 2.4,
Runoff
coefficient for
Mixed Equivalent runoff coefficient
development CR(1) A1 + CA(1) A2
Ce =
A1 + A2
(0.95 × 0.0892) + (0.90 × 0.1463)

Ce = Ce = 0.91894
0.0892 + 0.1463
= 0.91894
Equation 2.3, Total equivalent area:
Rational Method R(3) + R(2b) + A(1) = 0.0892 + 0.1463 = 0.2354 Total equivalent area
ha = 0.2354 ha
Discharge:
CIA
Q=
360
0.91894 × 244.417365 × 0.2354
Q peak = m3
360 Q peak = 0.1469
m3 s
= 0.1469
s
Manning
Step 7: Propose the drain design
equation for Type F-12
Drain section= type F-12
Capacity S=1/200
Gradient, S= 1/200
Capacity:
1 2 1
Q capacity = ( ) × A × R3 × S 2
n
1 2
Q capacity = ( ) × 0.206 × 0.1353
0.011
1 m3
1 2 m3 Q capacity = 0.34848
×( ) = 0.34848 s
200 s
Actual velocity:
Q
v=
A
0.34848 m m
v= = 1.69167 v = 1.69167
0.206 s s
39
Flow time:
0.015 × 118.194 t flow time = 1.58792 min
t flow time = 1
2 1 2
60 × 0.1353 × ( )
200
= 1.58792 min
Invert level, IL=Total depth + H

Total depth= 0.152 m + 0.3048 m + 0.305 m = Total depth = 0.7620 m
0.7620 m
1st IL = 48.00 m(RL) – 0.7620 m = 47.24 m
2nd IL = 47.238−(55.401 × (1: 200)) = 1st IL = 47.24 m
2nd IL = 46.96 m
46.96 m 3rd IL =46.65 m
3rd IL = 46.96 − (62.793 × (1: 200)) =
46.65 m
40
7.3 Drain of D6

2723002 10 54.400 0.176 0.134 0.842

length of drain
design

The sub area catchment in this example are R(6)
identified as C(1)
R(6) and C(1)
Step 4: Calculate the sub catchment areas R(1)= 0.1413 ha

Area of R(6)= at area box 30,31,34,35 A(1)= 0.1457 ha
Area of C(1)= at area block C/2

Overland flow,
1
Table 2.1 107×0.015×27.62173
Equation to t o = 1 = 4.70445759 min t o = 4.70445759 min
1.175
estimate time of Drain time,
concentration
0.015 × 119.006
td = 1 = 2.52796674 min t d = 2.52796674 min
2 1 2
60 × 0.1353 × ( )
500
Time concentration,
tc = to + td
t c = 5 + 2.52796674 = 7.52796674 min
t c = 7.52796674 min
t c = 8.2722682 min
t c = 0.74430155 + 7.52796674
= 8.2722682 min
Equation 2.2,
empirical IDF Step 6: Calculate the water discharge using Rational
curves Method
Intensity,
λT κ
I=
(d + θ)η
41
54.4 × 100.176 mm mm
I= = 244.267 I = 244.267
(8.2722682 + 0.3291) 0.8842 h h
Table 2.5:
Recommended Runoff coefficient, (table 2.5)
runoff CR(6)=0.95
CR(6)- Road and highway
coefficient for C CC(1)=0.90
C(1) - Link and Terrace House
various land uses
Equation 2.4,
Runoff
coefficient for CR(6) A1 + CC(1) A2
Mixed Ce =
development A1 + A2
(0.95 × 0.1413) + (0.90 × 0.1457)

Ce = Ce = 0.924619
0.1413 + 0.1457
= 0.924619
Total equivalent area: Total equivalent area

Equation 2.3, R(6) + C(1) = 0.1413 + 0.1457 = 0.287 ha = 0.287 ha
Rational Method
Discharge:
CIA
Q=
360
0.924619 × 244.267 × 0.287
Q peak =
360 m3
m3 Q peak = 0.1800451
= 0.1800451 s
s

Drain section= type F-12 Type F-12
Manning Gradient, S= 1/500 S=1/500
equation for
Capacity Capacity:
1 2 1
Q capacity = ( ) × A × R3 × S 2
n
1
1 2 1 2 m3
Q capacity = ( ) × 0.206 × 0.1353 × ( ) Q capacity = 0.2204
0.011 500 s
3
m
= 0.2204
s
Actual velocity:
Q
v= m
A v = 1.0699
0.2204 m s
v= = 1.0699
0.287 s
42
Flow time: t flow time
0.015 × 119.006 = 2.5279667 min
t flow time = 1
2 1 2
60 ×0.1353 ×( )
500
= 2.5279667 min
Invert level, IL=Total depth + H Total depth = 0.7620 m

Total depth = (1.5 × 0.3048) + 0.3048 m
1st IL = 42.7 m(RL) – 0.76 m = 41.94 m

1st IL = 41.94 m
nd
2 IL = 42.7 m − 0.87 m = 41.83 m
3rd IL = 42.7 m − 1.0 m = 41.70 m 2nd IL = 41.83 m
3rd IL =41.70 m
43
7.4 Drain of D8

2723002 10 54.400 0.176 0.134 0.842

Diagram Selected drain for sample calculation: D8
length of drain
design
Table Step 3: Determine the sub area of catchment Sub Area:

The sub area catchment in this example are identified R(8) + R7 (b)
as D(1)
R(8), R7(b)and D(1)
Step 4: Calculate the sub catchment areas R(8) + R7 (b)= 0.1228

Area of R(8) + R7 (b2= at area box 35,36, A(32) ha
Area of D(1)= at area block D1 D(1)= 0.1457 ha
Table 2.1 Step 5: Calculate flow time

Equation to Overland flow,
1
estimate time of 107×0.015×27.62173
concentration to = 1 = 4.85532 min
1.005
Drain time, t o = 4.85532 min
0.015 × 120.035
td = 1 = 1.61265 min
2 1 2 t d = 1.61265 min
60 × 0.1353 × (200)
Time concetration,
tc = to + td
t c = 5 + 1.61265 = 6.61265 min
Critical time of concentration= t c = 6.61265 min

t c = 6.61265 + 1.34487 t c = 7.94752 min
Equation 2.2, = 7.94752 min
empirical IDF
curves
Step 6: Calculate the water discharge using Rational
Method
Intensity,
λT κ
I=
(d + θ)η
44
54.4 × 100.176 mm
I= 0.842
= 248.438308 mm
(7.94752 + 0.134) h I = 248.438308
Table 2.5: h
Recommended
runoff
coefficient for Runoff coefficient, (table 2.5)
various land uses C CR(8)+𝑟7(𝑏) =0.95
R(8)+𝑅7(𝑏) - Road and highway
CD(1)=0.90
CD(1)- Commercial centers
Equation 2.4,
Runoff
coefficient for
Mixed
development CR(7)+𝑅8(𝑏) A1 + CD(1) A2
Ce =
A1 + A2
(0.95×0.1228)+(0.90×0.463)
Ce = 0.1228+0.1463
= 0.92282
Ce = 0.92282
Equation 2.3, R(7) + R8(b) + D(1) = 0.1228 + 0.1463 = 0.2691 ha Total equivalent area
Rational Method = 0.2691 ha
Discharge:
CIA
Q=
360
0.92282 × 248.438308 × 0.2090
Q peak =
360
m3 m3
= 0.17138 Q peak = 0.17138
s s

Drain section= type F-12 Type F-12
Manning Gradient, S= 1/500 S=1/500
equation for
Capacity Capacity:
1 2 1
Q capacity = ( ) × A × R3 × S 2
n
1
1 2 1 2
Q capacity =( ) × 0.206 × 0.1353 × ( )
0.011 200 Q capacity
m3
= 0.34848 m3
s = 0.34848
s
Actual velocity:
Q
v=
A
0.34848 m
v= = 1.69167
0.206 s m
v = 1.69167
s
Flow time:
0.015 × 120.035
t flow time = 1 = 1.61265 min
2 1 2
60 × 0.1353 × (200)
45
t flow time
Invert level, IL=Total depth + H = 1.61265 min
Total depth = (1.5 × 0.3048) + 0.3048 m
1st IL = 47.0 m(RL) – 0.76 m = 42.24 m

2nd IL = 42.24 m − 0.3163 m = 45.92 m
3rd IL = 45.92 m − 0.2844m = 45.64 m 1st IL = 42.24 m
4th IL = 45.64 m − 0.3158 = 45.32
2nd IL = 45.92 m
3rd IL = 45.64m
4th IL = 45.32m
46
7.5 Drain of D12

2723002 10 54.400 0.176 0.134 0.842

length of drain
design

The sub area catchment in this example are R(12)
identified as CF (1)
R(12) and CF(1)
Step 4: Calculate the sub catchment areas R(1)= 0.2025 ha

Area of R(12)= 0.2025 CF(1)= 0.0510 ha
Area of CF(1)= 0.0510

Table 2.1 Overland flow,
1
Equation to 107×0.015×27.6843
estimate time of t o = 1 = 3.9444 min t o = 3.9444 min
2.835
concentration Drain time,
0.015×91.04
td = 2 1 = 0.61155min
t d = 0.61155 min
1
60×0.1353 ×( )2
50
Time concentration,
𝑡𝑐 = 𝑡𝑜 + 𝑡𝑑
t c = 5 + 0.61155 = 5.61155 min t c = 5.61155 min

𝑡𝑐 = 𝑡𝑐 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 + 𝑡𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
t c = 0.34638 + 5.61155 = 5.95794 min t c = 5.95794 min
Step 6: Calculate the water discharge using

Rational Method
Equation 2.2, Intensity,
emperical IDF λT κ
curves I=
(d + θ)η
0.176
54.4 × 10 mm
I= 0.842 = 277.85379 h
5.95794 mm
( 60 + 0.134) I = 277.85379
h
47
Table 2.5: Runoff coefficient, (table 2.5)
Recommended CR(12) - Roads
runoff CCF(1) - Commerical Centres
coefficient for
various land uses CR(12) =0.95
CCF(1) =0.90
Equation 2.4, Equivalent runoff coefficient
Runoff CR(12) AR(12) + CCF(1) ACF(1)
coefficient for Ce =
AR(12) + ACF(1)
Mixed
development
(0.2025 x 0.95) + (0.0510 x 0.9)
Ce =
(0.2025 + 0.0510)
= 0.93994
Ce = 0.93994
R(12) + CF(1) = 0.2025 + 0.0510 = 0.2535 ha
Equation 2.3, Total equivalent area
Rational Method Discharge: = 0.2535 ha
CIA
Q=
360
0.93994 x 277.85372 x 0.2535
Q peak =
360
m3
= 0.18393 m3
s Q peak = 0.18393
s
Drain section= type F-12
Manning Gradient, S= 1/50
equation for Type F-12
Capacity Capacity:
1 2 1 S=1/50
Q capacity = ( ) × A × R3 × S 2
n
1
1 2 1 2
Q capacity =( ) × 0.206 × 0.1353 × ( )
0.011 50
m3
= 0.69697 m3
s Q capacity = 0.69697
s
Actual velocity:
Q
v=
A
0.69697 m
v= = 3.38333
0.136 s
m
v = 3.38333
Flow time: s
0.015 × 91.04
t flow time = 1
2 1 2
60 × 0.1353×( )
50 t flow time = 0.61155 min
= 0.61155 min
Inverte level, IL=Total depth+H
48
Total depth= 0.1524 m + 0.3048 m + 0.3048 m Total depth = 0.7620 m
= 0.7620 m
1st IL = 46.5m (RL) – 0.7620m = 45.74 m
1
2nd IL = 45.738 − (50 × 56.738) = 44.60 m
1
3rd IL = 44.603 − (50 × 34.302) = 43.92 m 1st IL = 45.74 m
2nd IL = 44.60m
3rd IL = 43.92m
49
8.0 Discussion
Drainage installation is sized according to the probability of occurrence of an expected peak

discharge during the design life of the installation. This is related to the intensity and duration of rainfall
events occurring. For the drain design, we need to make sure the peak discharge is higher than the
capacity discharge. If the capacity higher, it will cause problem during heavy rain, so the design needs
to be change either adjust the drain section or the slope of the drain. Since the project is urban drainage,
we used minor system and ARI ≤ 10 years. The minor system is designed for a minor event, which may
range between 2 year and 20-year ARI. In this project we assumed ARI is 10 years.
The rainfall intensity (I) is the average rainfall rate in in./hr. for a specific rainfall duration and
a selected frequency. The duration is assumed to be equal to the critical time of concentration. For
coefficient runoff, it depends on the type of area. In this project we use commercial and business centres,
open space grass cover, road and highways. For areas with a mixture of land uses, a composite runoff
coefficient should be used. The composite runoff coefficient is weighted based on the area of each
respective land use. Then we use the rational formula to determine the peak discharge rate of at a
specific location, by using data from runoff coefficient, intensity and the area of the location.
50
9.0 Conclusion
This proposed project required the design of a drainage system at a location chosen by our own
from the development plan presented by our respective lecturer, Mrs Jalina Binti Kasim. In order to
complete the task, knowledge of hydraulics and hydrology was applied. The drainage system was
designed using the second edition of the Urban Storm water Management Manual for Malaysia
(MSMA2nd). Knowledge of hydraulic and hydrology was applied to complete the task. The drainage
was designed using the 2nd edition of the Urban Storm water Management Manual for Malaysia
(MSMA2nd). This task is complete according to appropriate design procedures and assessment was
applied to suit the particular circumstances under consideration. This hydrology design was carried out
successfully since values are passed all the requirements and the velocity level was between 0.9m/s
until 4m/s. In addition, all drainage designs were effectively proposed where the discharge capacity is
less than the peak discharge value. Other factors contributing to the design of the drainage system, such
as cost and overflow, were also to ensure that the plan would not result in any future problems.
10.0 References
I. MSMA 2nd Edition (2012), Government of Malaysia Department of Irrigation and Drainage
(August 2012), Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia 2nd Edition
II. Designing Buildings Wiki (2020, September 02) Drainage

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Drainage
III. Designing Building Wiki (2021, January 13) Sustainable Urban Drainage System SUDS
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sustainable_urban_drainage_systems_SUDS
IV. IR TS Jalina Kassim (2020, December 2020) Week 10 Rational Method (MSMA) [Lecturer
notes, PowerPoint slide]
https://isiswauitmedu.sharepoint.com/sites/ECW557EC2205A35A4/Class%20Materials/WEE
K%2010%20RATIONAL%20METHOD%20PART%201.mp4 (Part 1)
V. IR TS Jalina Kassim (2020, December 2020) Week 10 Rational Method (MSMA) [Lecturer
notes, PowerPoint slide]
https://isiswauitmedu.sharepoint.com/sites/ECW557EC2205A35A4/Class%20Materials/WEE
K%2010%20RATIONAL%20METHOD%20PART%202.mp4 (Part 2)
VI. Urban Stormwater Management (n.d)

https://www.water.gov.my/jps/resources/auto%20download%20images/58464d4daef41.pdf
51

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, SHAH ALAM

GROUP PROJECT: URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN

NAZIRUL AZRIE BIN AZMI (2018410276)

MUHAMMAD SYUKRY BIN ALIAS (2018224226)

NASZIRAH BINTI ROSLAN (2018654346)

NURSULAIHA BINTI MD SAAD (2019359117)

NURUL ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILI (2019312167)

IR JALINA BINTI KASIM

1.0 Introduction Drain Design

2.0 Background Project

4.1 Proposed Drainage Layout for Plan B

4.2 Proposed Development (Plan view)

4.3 Drain Catchment (Area identification of each drain)

4.4 Drain Catchment; Design Layout

5.0 Sample of Calculation

5.1 Area Boxes

5.2 Detail Inverted Level Calculation

5.3 Sample of Calculation for Drainage Design

5.4 Calculation for Each Drainage Design

6.0 Summary Worksheet

7.0 Design Sheet

7.5 Drain of D12

I. To ensure students appreciate the mutually-complementary role of hydrological analysis.

4.1 Proposed Drainage Layout for Plan B

4.2 Proposed Development (Plan view)

4.4 Drain Catchment; Design Layout

5.1 Area Boxes

7 35.802 7.314 261.856 26 9.492 4.602 43.682

Length Width Area

29 7.273 11.689 67.907 643.826

SECTION Height (m) Width (m) Area (𝒎𝟐 )

type H (m) Total (m)

Type total depth length Gradient

For Drain Section,

Overland sheet flow path length, L = 27.684 m

Slope of overland surface, S = 1.86 %

Time concentration, tc = Overland flow + Drain time

Critical time of concentration

Average recurrence interval, T = 10

Storm duration, d = 8.178388

Fitting constants dependent on the rain gauge location λ, κ, θ, η

C for R1 (Open Spaces: Grass Cover) = 0.40

Equivalent Runoff Coefficient, Ce

(0.40 × 0.0230) + (0.90 × 0.1455)

R (1) + A (1) = 0.0230 + 0.1455= 0.1685 ha

Intensity, I = 254.457 mm/h

0.83175 × 254.457 × 0.1685 m3

Design Drain Section = D1 Gradient, S = 1/500

Capacity Discharges, QC = 1 𝐴𝑅2/3𝑆1/2 𝜂

Concrete (steel form), n = 0.011,

From the Table 14.2,

Area, A = 0.206 m2, R = 0.135 m

Inverted level, IL=Total depth + H

Total depth = (1.5×0.3048) +0.3048 m

1st IL = 43.0 m (RL) – 0.7620 m = 42.238 m

2nd IL = 43.3 m-0.0696 m=42.17 m

Drain: D1 Length = 118.289 m Designed by: Nurul Athirah Bt Zaili

State: Negeri Sembilan

Road (R1) 0.0230 0.40 0.0092

Inlet time t0 = 5 min (Remark: adopt 5 since inlet time is 3.32523< 5)

Drain section: F-12 Section details:

n = 0.011 Proposed gradient: 1/800

Capacity Q = 0.174242 m3/s