CHAPTER

3
MATRICES

About the Chapter

Matrix 2. Column Matrix: A matrix having only one column

A matrix is the arrangement of some elements or sin.

numbers in rows and columns. 2
is a
is called a column matrix. e.g., C o t x
Horizontal lines of elements are called rows of the
matrix while the vertical lines of elements are called
-cos XJ3x1
columns of the matrix.
column matrix of order 3 x 1.
The plural sense of matrix is matrices.
3. Square Matrix A matrix having equal number of
The elements of a matrix are enclosed by bracket ()
rows and columns is called the square matrix.
or [].
Matrix having m rows and n columns is called an 2-3 1
m xn matrix (read as "m byn' matrix) containing mn etc.
elements in it. The order of this matrix is m x n.
2 0-13J3x3 5 422 10 0J22
It is denoted by A = [4], 1 s i sm and 1 sjan. aj
4. Diagonal MatriX A square matrix whose all the
is the element of a matrix lying in the ith row and jth
non-diagonal elements are zero, is called a square
column. matrix.
Example 3 0 0
13 dn eg
-2 0 or diag. -2 3]. |0 -1 0
a11 12
21 22 23 a2n
0 3 22 0 0 2J3x3
A -[ajmxna or diag. [3 -1 2].
ai2 aj3(.in
iINOTE
Lml m2 m3 mn Jmxn
Diagonal means principal diagonal or main
diagonal (from upper left to lower right element).
i, jth element of matrix
Le., the element of ith row and jth column. 5. Scalar Matrix A diagonal matrix in which all the
elements of principal diagonal are equal but non-
Types of Matrices
1. Row Matrix : A matrix having only one row is zero, is called the scalar matrix.

called a row matrix. e.g, [5-3 7 Jx3 is a row

e.g
matrix of order 1 x 3.
 Class XII
40 VATSAL 1sC QUESTION BANK ofMATHEMATICS MATRICES 41

6. Cnit or Identity Matrix A diagonal matrix whose

Scalar Multiplicotion
be multiplied by some scalar k, then 4. For what value of x : [1 2
12 001
11| 2
12. TfA and B are square matrices of same order and B is a

each diagonal element is 1, is called a u i t oor If any marix is to

matrix would be k times
0 1|| 2= 0? skew-symmetric matrix then A'BA is a
every element
of resulting (a) skew-symmetric matrix (6) syTnmetric matrix
identity matrix. matrix and the
the corresponding
element of given (a)-i
1 (b) 0 (c) zero matrix (d) identity matrix
remains the same.
(c) 2
order of this matrix (d) none of these
ka kb kc
0 0 1s-3

Zero Matrix : A matrix whose all the

eg d ke 5. The values of X, Y, z if the matrix A
0 2y z rA-2: is a symmetric matrix, then
Nul Matrix or
zero matrix. It
=

x y -z| XIS
zero, is called a null or
elements are

a y be of any orde
Multiplication of Matrices
x -y z
(a) 5 (b) 3
A and B is def+ned which satisty the equation AA'
Mulüplication of two matrices =
L
0 00 o columns of A is equal to the
(c) 4 (d) none of these
eg only when the number of (a) x = -

number of rows of B.
14. is
usually denoted by 0.
It is fthe number of columns ofA is differe
from number
If the matrix A =
|4-23 a
singular matrix,
EqualMarices: Twomatr+ces are said to be equal,
if:
of rows of B, then the product AB is not
defined. (b) x
=:Y = 7 2 2
(a) their orders are same and
ofA and B are m xn and n xp respectively,
(6) their corresponding elements are also equal. fthe orders will be
then value of x
then order of AB is possible and its order
m xp
-12
are not equal number n from the order (a) * = 12
(b) x29
(omit the adjacent common
29
of both A and B). (d) None of the above
29
be obtained as
maices.
The product AB can 6. If A is square matrix such that A (c) (d) none of these
1-3
=
A, then 12
2nd a2e areequal matrices only
equal matrices only ap +br+ct aq+bs+cu (I A)-7A is equal to
15. Given that
7 0
when a =-3, b = 5 and c = 0.
|b 7

a-d7 dp+er+ft dq+es+fu J2,2

(a) A
(c) I
(6) I - A

(d) 3A A x sin x| d A(adj A) =k

-sin x cos x
ind
Addition/Subtracticn afMatrices 7. If the matrix A is both symmetric and
skew-symmetric,
matrices is omit
Addirion/subracion of two
when the order of both the matrices are same and their
possible only resulting
then value of k
(a) A is a matrixdiagonal (b) A is (a) 1 (b) 2
addition/subracion is also a matrix of same order 1, )th element of AB3 matrix
a zero

(c) A is a square matrix (d) none of these (c) 0 (d)none of these

whose each element is obtained by adding/suburacting byt 4i2 b2j +aj3 bajt.. +ajin bnj
the coresponding element of wo matrices.
a 16. Which of the following is incorrect?
8. If A = i s such that A =I, then
(a) Multiplication of diagonal matrices of same order
Example. A= B = Ay 2
k=1
b is commutat+ve
C z-2 l2.2 (a) 1 +a+By=0 (b) 1-a+y =0
In the above example (AB)2x3 and (BA)3x2 both can (b) If the product of rwo matrices is zero, then it is not
fird A - 2 and A - B.
c) 1 a- By =0 () 1 +a-By =0
-

be determined but they are not same. However AB necessary that one of the matrix is a zero matrix
A-B=+p b+q] 9. The values of x, y and from the equations
Soluion A+BCc+r d+s22 and BA may be equal in some cases.
It is not necessary that if AB is possible, then BA is also X*y*
(c) Muliplication of two matrices of same order is
non-commutative
X3 | are
and A - B =dPb-9 Ans. possible. (a) For every square matrix A, there exist an identity
c-r d-sJz2 matrix such that A* =I
(a) x = 2,y =4, z =3 (b) x= 4,y 2, z = 3

(c) x=2, y = 3, z = 4 (d) none of these 17. If A = and fo) =* - 5x+7, then fA) is
MOST EXPECTED MCQs 10. The value of k, a non-zero scalar, if
equal to
2 4 4 10s
(a) A
COS &-Sin a|
- - 3 2*l3 4 s|"l4 2 14" (b) I
Set- 2. If A
sin a cos athen A+A' =1, if the value
(c) 0 (d) A
Choose the correct anser from tre given four options in (a) 1 (b) 2
2 3
eacn of the following questions from I to 47 (MCOs) (c) 0 (d) none of these

1. IfA and B are symmertric matrices of same order, then

of a it
a) T/6 (b) T/3
18.
If A= andB41 52
AB - BA is a 37/2 11. If A =
,thenA -5A +7Iis
(a) skew-symmetnic matnix tbi syTimetric matrix 3. Matrices A and B will be inverses of each other only (a) only AB is defined
(a) AB = BA
1 a) 0 (b)I
c) zero matrix d) identiry matrix (b) AB = BA = 0 (b) only BA is defined
(d) none of these
(c) AB = 0, BA = I (d) AB = BA =I c)A
 MATHEMATICs Class XIl
42 VATSAL IsC QUESTION BANK of
a matrix such that MATRICES 43
m x n and B is
27. IfA is matrix of order 4 0 1
then order of matrix B is
(e) AB and BA both are defined
AB and BA'
are defined,
(a)4 1 9 5 12 (a) symmetric matrix (b) null matrix
(d) AB and BA both are not defined

fo o 5
(a) m x m
(b) n xn
(d) m xn 0 6)92
O 1 -2
(c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) diagonal matrix
(c) n x1 43. IfA and B are square matrices of the same order then
19. The marix A =|0 5 0is a where aij =lit t#]
and
aj =0 5-1 2 (A+B) (A-B) is equal to
If matrix A lajl2x2, 5
=
28.
(c)9 2 5
5 00 ifi=j then A is equal to
(d9-2 (a)AB (b) A -BA - AB - B

(b)A 0 -1 -2 ()A+ BA -AB B2

(a) scalar matrix (b) diagonal matrix (a) I (unit nmatrix) -1
2. (d)A-BA +B +AB
(d) none of these 44. Use elementary column operation C2C2+2C in the
(d) square matrix
(c) O 36. If A is a square matrix such that A
cunitmatrix in the
=
1, then A is
using elementary operations R1>R1- 3R2
20. FA and Bare symmetric matrices of the same order, then
29. On (a)A- I
(c)
(b) A following matrix equation
202-
AB BA' is a
(a) skew-symmetric matrix (b) symmetric matrix
following equation 3 3o 3|1 1 37. If A and B are invertible
(d) 2A e have

following is incorrect?
matrices, which of the
(c) zero matrix (d) identity matrix

21.
Construct A2 matrix where aj=i+il |AJA
(a) adj A =
(b) det (A= (det A)
202o|
x 2

A -11 ()A +B)=A+Bl (d) (AB)= BA

38. IfA and B are twO matrices such that AB
(b-1 0b B, then B is equal to
=
A and BA =

(d) none of these (a) A (6) B

(c) 0 (d) I
22. Find values of a and b if A =B, where 39. The adjoint of a
symmetric matrix is a
(a) symmetric matrix 45. Choose the scalar matrix from the
(b) null matrix following options
A . B-22 -2 (c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) diagonal matrix
(a) A = 0
30. IfA= and A is symmetric matrix then 1 0 8
(a) a = 2 and b =2 (b) a = 2 and b = 3 IfA = and B =3 1 2 then
(c) a = 2 and b = 1 (d) none of these (b) x= 0
00 1 00 0
23. Solve for x and y
80
(a) x=
(c) y = 0
(d)x#y (a) only AB is defined a2
1 . The sum of twO skew-symmetric matrices is (6) only BA is defined 12 2
(a)x=1 and y = 2
c)x=1 and y = -2
24. The sum of matrices
(b) x=-1 and y = 2

d) none of these
(a) symmetric matrix (b) null matrix

c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) diagonal matrix

32. IfA is symmetric matrix then A", n e Nis
(c) both BA and AB are defined
(d) both BA and AB are not defined
46.

fA32
If A =|2 1 -2

(a) 3
satisfies A' A =I then x +y is
(6) 0
3
A 13and
4
B-
5 4
3
-5 0
1S (a) symmetric matrix (6) null matrix 41. If A= 47. If A
)
=

laij
(d) I
is square matrix of order 3 x 3 such that
(c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) diagonal matrix
aj=it-jf then A is
33. IfA is any square matrix then both AA' and A'A are
ao (a) symmetric matriX (b) null matrix
(a) symmetric matrix (b) null matrix

c)notpos5ible (d) none of these (c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) diagonal matrix
B-
-cocm)cor then A - B is
(c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) diagonal matrix

25. Total number of possible matrices of order 3 x3 with 2 0 0 Set-ll

each entry 2 or 0. 34. If A =0 2 0, then A is -cos"() Choose the correct answer from the given four options in
(a)9 (b) 27 each of the following questions from 1 to 17 (MCQs):
o 02
(c) 81 512 (a) (b) 0 1. If matrix A = [1 2 3], then AA' is
25. If A and B are two matrices of the order 3 m and a) SA b} 10A (a) [6]
(c) 2 (b) [1 4 9
3 , respectively, and m=n, then the (c) 16A (d) 32A
(5A 2B) is
orderof matrix 11
2 0 1
0 7-51 (c)[14] d) 4
(a) m 3 (b) 33 35. If A =
|2 1
3,then A is 42. Thematrix A =
|-7 0 11 is 9
c) m n d) 3 n
5-11 0
 MATHEMATICS Class XII
44 VATSAL ISC QUESTION BANK of
MATRICES 45

2-2 4| 10. 7 2 4 then values of x is

4, then A is
2. If A =|-
1-2 -3 (a) 0
-13
b) 13
(d) none of these
Read the cases given below
CASE-BASED MCQs
a) O (b)I and answer the
following 4. Profit in market A and B
(c) A (d) none of these
hen values of a and b are
questions respectively are
[4 -1 4 11. then (a) ( 15,000, 17,000) (b) R 17,000, 7 15,000)

3. If A = 3 0 4 , then A is 3 (b) a = -1 and b = -3 A manufacture produces three

Case 1 c) (R 51,000, R 71,000) (d) (7 10,000, 7 20,000)
a =-1 and b =
5. Gross profit in both markets
3 -1-3
(a)
(d) a = 1 and b = -3 Eraser and Sharpener which he
stationery products Pencil,
1 and b 3 sells in two markets. (a) 7 23,000
(c) a =
=

Annual (b) 20,300

(6)T
salesare indicated below
(a) O (c) 32,000 d 30,200
(c) A d) none of these
12. I3y then value of x and yare
NEW DELHI Case 2
4. 1f [2x 4] 0, then value ofxis (a) x= l and y = 1 (b) X= -1 and y = -1 STATIONERY
STATICENS FANT MART
Amit, Biraj and Chirag were given the task of creating a
Square matrix of order 2.
(c) x= 1 and y = -1 (d) x=-1 and y = 1
Below are the matrices created by them. A, B, C are the
(a) 4 (b)-4 matrices created by Amit, Biraj and Chirag
c) 2 (d)-2
13. If A and B are
value of (A +B)* is
equal matrices of the same order then respectively.

5. Iffc)= x-5x+7 and A =

| , then fA) is a)A+2AB +B

(c) A+2BA +B2
(6)A+AB +BA
(d) none of these
+ B
a-39c-i
Ifa =4 and b -2, based on the above
=
information answer
the following questions
(b) A -6 0 The Litle
(a) A 14. If 2A-B = and 1. Sum of the matrices A, B and A C, +
(B +C) is
(c) I (d) O
2
Statonery 6
2-3-5 2-2
3
4
3 2
then the value of A is Greaing arca. An &Cran
A t27
6. If A
=-1 5 and B=-1 4 then

1-2-3
AB is equal to 2. (A')' is equal to
(a) B (b)A
d) O
(d) none of these
(c)I
a2 ab ac Products (in numbers
Market 1
0c-b Pencil Eraser Sharpener
7. If
A=-b 0
-a
a
O
and B
=| bbe
ab then 15. If
A-28 0 and 2A-38 3then 10,000 2,000 18,000
ac be c B 6,000 3. (bA)' is equal to
value of B is 20,000 8,000
AB is If the unit sale
price of Pencil, Eraser and Sharpener are
equal to:
(a) A
c) O
(b) B
(d) I
2.50,7 1.50 and 1.00 respectively, and unit cost of the
above three commodities are 2.00, 7 1.00 and 7
0.50
46
respectively, then, -6-2
8. If Aab b then A is equal to (d) none of these Based on the given information answer the TollovwIng 4. AC-BC is
-a2ab questions equal to

(a) A (b) O
16. If A and B are square matrices of the same order
1. Total revenue of market A (a -6
then (A -B) is equal to (a) 64,000 (b) 60,400
(c (d) none of these
(a)A-24B +B2 (c) 46,000 (d) 40,600 4
(b)A-AB- BA +B
2. Total revenue of market B
9. If A
=| and A + aA +
bl =0, then values of a ()A-28A +B (d) none of these
(a) R 35,000 (b) 53,000 5. (a +b)B is equal to
17. Multiplication of two diagonal matrices of same
and b are order is (c) 50,300 (d) 30,500 a) 8 2 10
(a) a=-4 and b = 1 (b) a = 4 and b = 1
a) commutative
(6) non-commutative
3. Cost incurred in market A 10 2
(c) a = 4 and b = -1 (d) a = 4 and b = -1 null (a) 13,000 (b) 30,100
(d)identity
(c) 10,300 (d) 31,000 10
 Class
XII
MATHEMATIC (b) 14,000
46 VATSAL ISC QUESTIONBANK of MATRICES 47
(a) 15,775
(d) 17,125
Case 3 (c) 21,000
fans TwO farmers
Case 5
Ramakishan and 1. The total sales in September and October for each
of
handmade Plates Gurucharan Singh cultivale farmer in each variety can be represented as
a
decided to organize lair
number
then wh only three varieties of rice
Three schools DPS, CVC and KVS sold
4. If the for all the
schools, tis the toal namely Basmati, Permal and (a) A +B (b) A - B
for collecting money for helping
the flood victims. They interchanged
schools? Naura. The sale (in rupees) of these varieties
material collected by all of rice by both (c) A > B
(d) A< B
from recycled the farmers in the month of
handmade fans, mats and plates
money
1ne
(b)6,7500 September and October are 2. What is the value of A23?
at a cost of *7100 and 7 50 each respectively.
25, (a) 18,000
(d) 21,250
given by the following matrices A and B (a) 10,000 (b) 20,000
as
numbers of articles sold are given (c) 5 , 0 0 0 (c) 30,000 (d) 40,000
articles (in total)
are sold by thro.e schoolk? 3. The decrease in sales from September to October is
5. How many (b) 130 8iven by
(a) 230 (d) 330 (a) A + B
(c) 430
(b)A-
(c)A> B (d) A < B
Case 4 4. If Ramakishan receives 2% prolit on gross sales,
decided to donate son
Seema some moncy to compute his profit for each variety sold in October.
On her birthday, home. It there were (n) R 100, 200 and 120
childrenof an orphanage
xio more. However,
children
if. (6)R 100,* 200 andR 130
would have got September sales (in Rupees)
everyone
less, everyone
would have gat 1 (c)R 100, 7 220 and R 120
children more,
were 16

the number of children be x the amount and distributed [10,000 20,000 30,000 Ramakishan (d)R 110, 7 200 and R 120
Let
Seema for one
child be y (in R). 50,000 30, 000 10,000 Gurucharan 5, If Gurucharan receives 2% prolit on gross sales,
by compute his profit for each variety sold in September.
October sales (in Rupees)
(a) R 100, 200, * 120 (b)* 1000,7 600, 7 200
5,000 10,000
6,000 Ramakishan (c) 400, 200, ? 120 (d) 1200, ? 200, ? 120
20,000 10,000 10, 000 Gurucharan

above, answer the following

the infomatuon given
Based
NGERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS
on

questions:
in terms x and y are
1. The equauons
UOUATOAA
(a) 5x-4y = 40 (b) 5x-4y =40
5r-8y=-80 5x-8y= 80 Set-I 4. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order,
(d) Sx + 4y= 40 Choose the correct then (AB' - BA') is a
(c) Sx-4y=40 answer rom the given four optio n
each of the questions 1 to 4
Sx +8y = -80 5x-8y -80 (MCQs) skew-symmetric matrix (b) null matrix
2. Which of the following matrix equations representte 1. If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then )symmetric matrix
School/Article DPS CVC (VS (d) none of these
A +B) (A - B) is equal to
information given above?
Handmade fans 40 25
Set-ll
50 0
(a) A-B (b) A- BA - AB - B
Choose the correct answer from the
Mats given four options in
(c) A B*+ BA -AB (d) A- BA +B +AB
-

20 30 40 each of the questions 1 to 15 (MCQs).

Plates

Based on the information given above, answer the following 2 3 0 0 4|

2. If A= and B =4 -2, then 1. The matrix P |0
questions:
=
4 0
is a
. What is the total money (in Rupees) collected by the 4 0 0
3. The number of children who were given some money
School DPS?
by Seema, is (a) only AB is defined (a) square matrix (b) diagonal matrix
(a) 7 0 (b) 7,000 (a) 30 ) 40 (b) only BA is defined (c) unit matrix d) none
(c) 6,125 d) 7,875 (c) 23 (e) AB and BA both are defined 2. Total number of
(d) 32 possible matrices of order 3 x 3 with
2. What is the total amount of money (in ) collected by 4. How much amount is each entry 2 or 0 is
given to each child by SCeu (c) AB and BA both are not defined
schools CVC and KVs?
a) 32 (a) 9 (b) 27
(b) 30
(a) 14,000 (b) 15,725 (c)R62 (d) 7 26 3. (c) 81
(c) 21,000 (d) 13,125
The matrix A =
|0 5 0
is a (d) 512
Flow much amount
3. What is the total amount of money collected
Seema spends in distributing 5 2x +y 4x 7 7y -13
by all money to all the students of the orphanage: 5x -7 4x y x+6 then the value of
three sch0ols DPS, CVC and KVS? (b) diagonal matrix
(a) 609 (b)960
(a) scalar matrix
(d) square matrix X+y IS
906 (c) unit matrix
d) 690
 BANK of
MATHEMATICS Class XI
48 VATSAL Isc QUESTION
is matrix of order
m x n
and B is a
matrix such that MATRICES49
10. IfA order of matrix B is
defined, then
(b)x 2,y 3 BA are both

PREVIOUS YEARS 1SC (XI) QUESTIUNS

=
(a) x = 3,y = 1 and
AB (b) n x n
(c)x = 2, y =4 (d)x= 3,y =3 (a) mx m
(d) m x n
(c) n x m

sin (xr) tan 11. IfA and B

are'matrices of same order,
then (AB BA')
-

1. Find the inverse of the matrix

A=|1
4. If A= 4 2 2002) 10. If (A 2/) (A- 3/) =0 where A
2
is a
matrix
-

= and
skew-symmetric
matrix (b) null
(a)
(d) unit matrix
(c) symmetric matrix find the value of x.
-cos (xT) tan 1, then
[2013]
matrix such that A
=
T
A B IS
12. If A is a square the value of x.
-

B then
A - + ( A +D° 7A is equal
to
-

[2003 11. If A: find the values of x and y such that

(a) A
(b)I-A If the matrix A
= show that Al
equal to (c)I +A (d) 3A 19 A+ xl2 =yA. (2014
(b) O have
(a) 13. For any two matrices A and B, we
|2004]
12. Find the value of k, if MM - 2nd
(b) AB + BA
=
COSX
sin 2
(c) 2
(d (a)AB

c) AB = 0
BA
(d) none of these
4.
Given that A
L-sin x cos x
and A(Adj. A) 3
5. IfA and B are matrices of the order 3
wo x m and M -kM- l2 =
O. [2015)
3 xn, respectively, and m =n, then the order of matrix 14. On using elementary column operations G2-> C2- 2C1 k find thevalue ofk
-1||3 1 [2005]
(5A 28) is inthegivenmatrix equation, 4 0 1|2 4 13. Find the matrix X for which
3 (b) 3x 3
) mx 2x
(c) m n (d) 3 xn ve have 5. Solve for xandy : +2 [2006]
[2016)

6.6. 1fIf A= then A is equal to -5[1 -1|3-5 14. If the matrix

6
-Xis symmetric, find the
A1 0 show that A - 31 = 24.
2x 1 5 10
[2007]
value of x. 12017]
cos 0 sin 0| 15.
7. If MC0) 15. If
If A
A =| and Ais symmetric matrix, show that
- sin cos e
, show that
=b o
M(x) M(y) = M(x + y) [2009] a = b.
(2018]
7. If matrixA = [ail2, 2, where aj =1 ifizj
= 0 ifi =j 6x 2 16. Show that (A +A') is symmetric matrix, if A =
then A is equal to 8. If the matrix A = 2 -1 2 is a
singular matrix,
(a) I (b)A 15. Onusingelementaryrow operation R1 -> R1-3R2 in the -10 5 2 (2019
(d) none of these
(c) 0
following matrix equation :3 30 3|1 1 find the value of x. 12010) 17. = , find x. [2020
1 00 X

B he matrix |0

O0 4
2 0 is a ve have 9. Solve forx and y if 120121
(a) identity matrix (b) syTnmetric matrix
c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) none of these

0-5 8
9. The matrix 5 0 12 is a 1 212 0
-8 -12 o
(a) diagonal matrix (b) symmetric matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix (d) scalar matrix
 Class XI
BR of MATHEMATICS
50 VATSAL ISC QUESTION BANK MATRICES| 51

ANSWER SHEET
=3y,*+,*+y+2=1 .1)
-2y+z=2y-
Case-1 Putting these values of x and
z' in (1).
22
CASE-BASED MCOS
4. (a) 5. (c) 8-15+7 5-5+0 0 0
Set-l 3. (d)
MOST EXPECTED MCos
(d) (a) 5..(a) (c) 2. (b) 3y+y+2=1 -5+5+0 3-10+ 7 0 o-10
1. (a) 2. (6)
8. (c) . (a) LO. (6) Case-2 5. (c)
6 (c) 7. b) (b) 4. (c) 12. Theorem based.
11. (a) 2

17.
(a)

(c)
13.
18. (c)
(a) 14.
19. (d)
(a) 15.
20.
(a)
(c)
1.
Case-3
(c) 2. (a) .

5. (d)
Then
=3x; **t 13. For A to be symmetric matrix A
=A
16. (d) 3 (c) 4. (d)
(b) 2. (a) 4 x+2 2x
1.
=2
3

23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (d) and

21. (d) 22. (a)
26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (a) Case-4 5.
2x-3 x+ 1x+2 x+1
2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b)
1. (a)
31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. d)
Case-5
6. (A+-A* +
3A1+3A P We have Xt2-2x-3 x=5

36. (b) 37. (C) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (a)
3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) =A A +3A 1+3Al+I 14. For A to be a singular matrix |A| =0
1 a) 2. (a)
41. (d) 42, (c) 43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (d) Since A A
NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS Set- (given)
46.
(C 47. (C)
2. (C) . (d) 4. (a) = A A+3A + 3A +
1. (C)
Set-ll = A+3A + 3A +I
1. (c) 2 (C) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d) Set-ll S(-4 + 6)-x(8+ 21)-(8 + 14) =0
2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5 d) A+3A+ 3A +l= 7A +I
7. 8. (b) . (a) 10. (b) 1 (a) 10 29x-22 0
6. (b) C)
(a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d) Thus (A +)- 7A =7A +I- 7A =I
15. (b) 6. d)
11. d) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 3. (d) 14. (d) 15. (a) 7. Amatrix can be both
11. (a) 12. (a) symmetric and skew- symmetric only X= -
16. (b) 1 7 . (a) when it is a zero matrix (null
matrix).
cos x-sin x
HINTS&sOLUTIONS 8. A- B1-+r up-uß 15.
Adj A sinx cos x

x cosx sinx
MOST EXPECTED MCQs
4 +4x= 0 Then A (adj A) =|sin x *Sin
cos x sin x cos X
Set- X=-1
1. Theorem based.
1(asgiven)
5. Given AA' =I aß+a cos x+sin x

|cos a-sin a A
cos a sin a | 0 2y 2 |0 Then +y=1 1-a-Py=0
2. A ,then sin x + cos* x
sin a cosa
-

sin cos
j 9. The equahons are X+ y+z=9 ..1)
2 cos a 0 X+ZZ=5
o ka5 given)
Now A +A o 2cosa en O+4y+ 0+2y- 0-2y +z| From (1) and (2), 5+y= 9
y+ Z=7
y=4
2)
(3)
Thus k 1
= From (1) and (3), X+/=9 X=2
Thus 2 cos =1 cosa= a
3 02y? ++2-y-? Putting these values in (1),
16. (a), (6), (e) are correct. Let us see the correctness of (d).
3. AB=l » B= IA* =A
BA =I A = 18 =B
0-2+x--? 2+y +| Thus required values are
2+4+Z9
x =
Z=3
2, y=4, 2 =3
Let

and 1 0 0 10. Given matrix equation

isS
1 2 00

o
0 1
o 1
4
6k 0
2k_4 4
10 then-1
hence (d) is incorrect.
4 6+2k
4y +22 2y2 -2 -2y+ or
2+k 17. AA)=A- 5A +71
-2+3k-6+4k 4 +Sk
or [1+4+1 2+0+0 0+2+2]2 = 0 2y- y+ -y? - Thisgives 2 +k=4 k=2
x -2y2+ - - ? +y2 + This value satisfies all other equations.
1 0 0 11. A-5A +71-1
6 2 4] 2 = 0
1

lo o 1 [9-1 3+215 5S 8-15+7 5-5+0 0 0

[0+4+4x] =0
Equating
-3-2 -1+4 -5+S+0 3-10+7o o
+y+=4y +z
 VATSAL ISC QUESTION BANK of
MATHEMATICS Class XI MATRICES | 53
52
i.e., AB is defined
for A lo|l
=

will 28. We have

A is 2x3 and B is 3 that AB is defined and AB
2 number of columns in B (i.e., 3) * 47.
a--f
O110, O12 =1, 0211, O22=0
so
(18.
x
number of
>
a1 =0, a12 -3, 013-8
x3 so that BA is also BA is not defined. rows in A
be 2 x 2 matrix B is 3 x 2 and A is 2
defined and BA will be 3 x 3 matrix.
213,a2 =0, a23=-5
Also it is not a unit Thus A1
L* 1 41. A-8=
1 tan (x) +
cot (Tx) O318, a325, 33=0
19. A is neither scalar, nor dlagonal matrix. 8
matrix. It is 3 x 3 square matrix. 0
sin "(x)+ cos (x) Thus A 3

-1 /2 011 0 8 5 0
20. Let
A= the matrix equation becomes This is skew-symmetric matrix because a=-0 and all the
29. Applying given operation,
symmetric matrices. 42. AS O- for I j diagonal elements are zero.

Then b C d_ac +bd ad +bc

AB Lb o d c
and ay=0 for /=j
Set-1
bc+ ad bd + ac Thus the matrix is
skeW-symmetric.
30. Since Ais symmetric matrixA =A 43. Theorem based.
BA= | JLb boc +bd ad+be] 44. With given operation 1. A =11 2 3] then A =|2
a |ad + bc bd+ ac Xy
d 2 1+2x23 1 1 0+2x1 3

31. For the skew-symmetric matrices

A =
[ayl and B =
lbyl we 2 0+2x2] [2 ojl-1 1+2x(-1)
have
AA = [1 2 3] 2=[1+4 +9] - [14)
i.e.,
21. We have a - i + i l o=0 and b = 0 then au + by= Cu 3
O11-1+1|=0,012=l-1+2|=1, a21 =|-2+1|=1 0+0=C C=0
Hence c is also skew-symmetric. 45. For scalar matrix, all the elements of -24
and a22-2+2|=0. must be equal but non-zero.
principal diagonal
2. 4
1 32. Theorem based. [1 2 21
The matrix A221
1 o0
*22 which is none of the given
33. A=lol, then A' =[aj
Given
For 4+2-4 -4-6+8 8-8+12|
matrices. square matrix o =a since
22. A=B gives o + 4= 2a + 2 a=2 ForAA'= [aj+ Gl ill be symmetric -2-3+4 2+9-8 4+12-12|

b+2 3b b-3b +2 0 b=2,+1 lay+ayl=layt al 2+2-3 -2-6+6 -4 -8-+9

But b 1 does not satisfy-6 b°-Sb, hence b = 2 Similary A'A wll also be symmetric matrix. then

Thus propervalues of a and b are a=2, b= 2. 1 0 01

2-2-4
-13 4 = A
34. Given A =2 0 1 0
23. We have
0 0 1 2 12 21
4--4||4-1 -4
These give 2x + 3y - 8 0 and x+ 5y-11 =0
1 00 1 2 2
l 2
y 3.
Solving these x = 1, y = 2
A =2|0 1 o=16x20 1 0=16A 3-1 -33 -1 -3
24. Since A is 2 * 2 matrix and B is 2 x 3 matrix therefore A+B
1+4+x 2+2+2x 2-4+xy
0 0 1 o 01
is not possible. 2+2+ 2x 4+1+ 4 4-2+ 2y 16-3-12-4+0+4-16+4+12
12+0-12 -3+0+4-12+0+ 12|
25. 9 places are to be filled with two digits 2, 0. Total number

ofways 2 =512.
20 ?0 1
35. A=2. 1 321
2-4+ xy 4-2+2y 4+4 +y
12-3-9 -3+0+3 -12+4+9
26. The matrices are of order 3 x m and 3 xn where m =n. 5+x 4+2x -2+Xy [10 0
SA will be of order 3 k m and 28 also of 3 X n (i.e., 3 x m)
Then 5A- 2B wll be ot order 3 xm or 3 x n. 4+0+1 0+0-1 2+0+0 5 -1 2
4+2x
9
9 2+2y
=01 0=
4+243 0+1-3
-2+ xy 2 +2y 8+y 1
27. SinceA is of order m x n, A is of order n xm
2+3+o-9 2 5 1 0 01
Let order of B is p x q then that of B' is q p. 2-2+0 0-1+0 1-3+0 0 -1 -2]
AB' to be defhned, the number rows in B
0 1
0 (eiven)
4
(2x-32)=0(given)
36. A= AA}A =A
no. of column
in A 1] 2x-32 0 x4
number ofcolumn in B =n IA=AI A=A 5. See Q. 17 Set I
BA' to be defined, number of rows in B 37. Theorem based.
LOmparin8(4+2x) =0 >X=
no. of columns in A 38. Theorem based.
=
number of rows in A .
39. Theorem based. y=-1
m and 2+2y) =0 =
40. 9
The order ot matrix BIS thus m xn. 2 x3
AIS matrix and B is 3 x 3
matrlx, then number
columns inA number of
=
Thus X+y=-2-1=-3
rows in B
 Class XII
BANK Of MATHEMATICS MATRICES| 55
VATSAL isc QUESTION
54 -6
Case-2

Case-4
4+3-54-9+10 -8-12 +15 14. Wehave 2A-8 -4 2 1 1. A+(B +C) = 1. Sum donated =
Xy
=-2-4 +5 2+12-10
4+ 16-15 In first case (x-8(y+ 10) =xy
L2+3-4-2-9+8-4-12+12] So that
4A-28 4 2 P
10x 8y=80
5x-4y= 40 .(1)
2-3-5| .2) In second case (x + 16)(y - 10) = xy
4 5 A
28A-21 -7 =-2A = -10x+ 16y= 160
1-34] 15-10
bA
then (-2 - Sx-8y=80 ...2
fo cb
7a ab ac Adding (1) +(2), SA
=-10 5 5 AC-
2. Writing equations (1) and (2) in matrix form

a ab b be 4.
7. Here AB =|-c
-a
0 ac bc cJ
2+2 0-48+0 0 Solving (1) and (2) 4y = 120 y= 30
0+ abc-abc 0+ bfc-b°c 0+ bc -bc
15. We have 2A 4 8 =
243 0-62+5 -10 and then 5X= 160
*=32
=-ac +0+afc +0 +abc -abc -acs +0+ac 4. Give as y= 30

ab-ab+0 ab -ab +0 abc abc+0 2A- ..2)

. Total amount = 32 x 30 = 960
and
Case-5
= 0 0 0 =0 Subtracting (2) - (1)
(a+b)8 (4-2 s2 10 1. Total sale =A +B
2. A23-Element in 2nd row, 3rd column 10,000.
Case-3 3. Decrease in sale = A - B3
BA +B
A-B) (A -8) =A - AB
-

16. 1. Total money collected by DPS

8. -|ob b | ab b 17. Commulative law of multiplication is obeyed. 25
4. 2% of R 5,000 -
5,000 x =
100/
--ob--ob Case-1 [40 50
100
CASE-BASED MCQs 20] 100
(1,000 +5,000+1,000] =7,000 2% of 10,000 10,000 x =200/
ab-ab ab-ab o o 1. Total revenue of market A 50 100
-a'b +a'b -a'b +o'blo o 2.50 2. Total amount collected by CVS and KVS 2% ofR 6,000 = 6,000x
2
=120/-
= [10, 000 2,000 18,000] x 1.50
100

9.
A+ 0A+bl = 1.00 25 . For Gurucharan
= {25,000 +3,000 +18,000] = [46,000) = { 46,000
[25+35 40 +50 30+40]| 100 :2% of 50,000 1000/-
2% of 30,000 600/-
2. Total revenue of market 5 so 2% of 10,000 = 200/-

2.50 251 NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS

Set-
=6,000 20,000 8, 000) x 1.50
11+3a +b 8+2a o 8+ 2a=0>0=-4 =[60 90
70] 100=[1,500+9,000+3,5oo) =[14,000] 1. (A+8)-(A-B) =A- AB +BA-8
4+a 3+0+b 3+a+b=0~b=1
1.00 50 2. The order of matrix A = 2 x3
= [15,000 + 30,000 +8,000]
10.26 -6+12 -4 6] = (53,000]=* 53,000
Total from all the three schools
=7,000 +14,000=21,000 he order of matrix B = 3 x 2

5-14 -15+28-9 x 3. Cost incurred in market A

4. After interchanging fans and plates Clearly AB is defined BA is also defined.
3. By definition, it is neither diagonal unit matrix. It is just
-4 61[-4 6 Total amount nor
2.00 a square matrix of order 3 x 3.
= [10,000 2,000 18,000]x| 1.00 25 4. Theorem based.
2a-b =5 |20 +30+40 50+ 40+50 40+25 + 35]| 100
11 2
-2a -2b = 4 0.50 Set-ll
l-20-26 [20,000+2,000+9,000] = [31,000] = 7 31,000
0

.
Solving these b = -3, o=1 4. Profit in By definition, it is neither a diagonal matrix nor a unit
market A= 46,000 31,000 15,000 25 matrix. It is simply a square matrix of order 3 x3.
12.
bys2 Profit in market B =
[6,000 20,000 8,000]
o.50
x|0.5
(90 140 100| 100
50
2.
3.
See Q. 25, set-1.
We have 4x= X+6 X=2
X+2y 3 and 2x+3y=5
0.50 (2,250+ 14,000+ 5,000) {21,250
= =

and
Solving these x = 1, y=1 2x+y=7
3,000 +10,000+4,000] = 17,000 110 +95 + 125 = 330 y=7-2x= 7 -4 = 3
1otal number of articles sold
13. (A =A+A B+ B:A+B
=

+B) (A+ B) 5. Gross

profit =15,000+17,000 32,000
 Class XII
56 VAATSAL 1sc QUESTION BANK ofMATHEMATICS MATRICES 57
(AB-BAY={AB')- (BA'Y
then P
(8' A)-(AY B'
-1AdjA)1-2 -37
cos(xn) -19-5 2 9
4. A-B sin m)+ cot (xn)+ tan (x)] BA'-AB' =
-AB- BA)
=
-P
2 31A
Therefore matrix P= AB'
-

BA' is skew-symmetric,
195 219 x+Ax =21 and +6y=9
12. Given that A = . COS X
A in x x +4x-21 = 0 and y +6y +9 =0
-xy) -sin x cos x JA= 1
Using x+= (*+ yl*
+

We have Sin x
(x+71x-3) =0 and (y+3 0
+(A+ 1* and Adj(A) X - 7o r x = 3 and
Y =-3
5. Since A is of the order 3 x m,
(A- +(A+/° ={{A -)+ (A +
0}{A- Sin x cOs x
then 5A wll also be of the order 3 x m A A + 10. A-2/) (A 3/) 0
0
Also as B is of the order 3 xn then
=(2A)(A*+- 2A1 A*+ + Thus,AAdiA)=O
28 Is also of the order 3 x n
Since (5A-28) Is defined, the matrlces SA and 28 must be
+2Al-A +'|| sin x cosXsinxk 0
cOsx
(2A)(A + 3/') =(24) {+3/)
of the same order and 5A - 28 will be of the same order.
This Implies that m = n and 5A - 28 is of the order 3 x m
sinx cosxsin x cosx 0 k
(24)(4/) 8Al=8A 0 2x-2
3 Xn.
Therefore(A - +{A+- 7A 8A 7A A cosx+in x Sin x Cos X + COS X
sinx
6. A2 0 10+1 0+01 0 13. Matrices Aand B may be of any different orders, hencein sin x cos X + COS XSin x
sinx +cosx
-X +1 x - 5x +4

A11o00 1+0) |o1 general operations given in options (a), (b), (c) may
true. Thus (d) is the correct option.
not be
-X+
7. A
[oylzx 2 14. Using the elementary column operations in
X= 1,4.
hencea10, d12 =1, a21 1, a22 = 0
k 1
Thus A1 o 11.

We have
| 5. -
4x=21
P:
and +6y= -9
A+xl yA
16 +X 8
56 32
3 11

1 00 15. Applying the operation R1 > R1 - 3R, in

+4X- 21 =0 and 56 32+x7y 5y
|>8 y=a8nandx
dx
=88 =

8. A =0 2 0 A. +6y +9 =0
x + 7)(x - 3) = 0 and + 3)=0
0 0
X=3,-7 and y-3,-3
12. 1x1+2*21x2+2<3 58
Thus A is the symmetric matrlx. 2x1+3x22*2+ 3x3 8 13
9. By definition it is not a diagonal or symmetric matrix. Let
Weabtain 72 o Now, we have
M-kM-2=0
us now check it for skew-symmetric matrix.
-S 8 0 S -8
PREVIOUS YEARS ISC (XI) QUESTIONS
LHS. A -3
-(
Given A 5 0 12, then A' =|-S 0 -12 K:
-11 4
-8-12 o L8 12 0
Al=2, AdiA) 2 4
2A .H.S.)
" -2
0-5 8 7. Mx)Mly)
13. We have,
A =AdjiA)12
or,
-5 0
12=-A
8 -12 A 2-4 coSX Sin x ||cosy siny
Sinx cos X JL- Siny cosyj AX =B, where A
10.
Thus the given matrix is skew-symmetric matrix.
Given matrix A is of the order m xn
-3x 4-14 4-1 cOS X C o y - sin x Sin y COS Xsin y + Sin x cosy
X=AB
SIn x COsy- sin y cos X-sinx sin y + cos X COs y
Let B is of order p x
q then 8' will be of order q xp
As AB is defined, B' must be of order n xpi.e., =n x-3x=4 x- 3x 4 0 x= 4 and- cosx+ y) sin( + y
Also B'A is defined,
B' must be of order q x m i.e., p =
m
Values of x are 4 and-1.
sin(x + y) cos(x + y)
Mx +y)
Therefore B must be of order pq1.e., m xn. by direct method)
3.
Cofactor of A= -3 Since, A is a singular matrix.
11. The
et
given matrices Aand B are of
matrix P(AB-BA')
the same order.
and 1A =-19
AdA5
2 2
6(-2-10) -x (4 + 20) +2(10-10) =0
A=
1x1-4x1 1(-2)+ (-43) 3 -14
-72-24x=0 X-3. L-1)1+S(1)-1(-2)+5(3) 4 17
 58 VATSAL ISC QUESTION BANK of MATHEMATICS Class X

we have
On comparing the elements,
6 6 2x-15
14. Let A 6 -x a = b.
=2x-15 10
then A=
2 10
16. Glven, A=2 547 therefore A=
Since, A is a symmetric matrix.
A'A
4 1071
B A+A|7
( 6 2x-15 6 x

10 (2x 15
-s 10
4 7=B
On comparing, weget
2x 15 =-x x+2x-15 =0
Clearly,
B7 10
(x+5) x-3) =0 X=-5 or x=3 Therefore, A +A' is symmetric matrix.
15. Since A is a symmetric matrix.
17. Given,
A' = A

5 b -4 6-4 6 X = 13
(i)
a
-9 13