Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NAME: ____________________________________________ Score ________________________________
Grade and Section _______________________________ Teacher _____________________________
MODULE IN TLE 10 EIM
First Quarter – Week 10
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
 PERFORM MEASURATION AND CALCULATION
OBJECTIVES:
 Describe the operating procedure of analogue multi – meter (VOM) as
Ohmmeter
 Read and interpret the Ohmmeter scale using the different Omh ranges
The operation of analogue multi-meter is quite easy. With a knowledge on how
to make voltage, current and resistance measurements it is only necessary to
know how to use the multi meter itself. Typically the analogue test meter will
have the main meter dial and below this there will a switch for the range.
Analogue multi-meters have multiple scales on the dial, a moving needle and may
manual settings on the function switch.
LESSON 1
ANALOGUE MULTI - METER
Analog multi meter are those that have a moving needle that stops on a
number that is printed o the background behind the moving needle. The number
that the needle stops on indicates the volts, ohm’s or amps the meter is measuring
depending on how the control knob is set. Analog multi meters are cheaper than
digital multi meters but not as robust or simple to use.
Analog multi meter are preferred by some technicians because the movement of the
needle can show some things that are not so obvious with digital multi meters.
A multi-meter or a multi-tester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-
milliammeter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several
measurement functions in one unit. A typical multi-meter can measure voltage,
current, and resistance. Analogue multimeters use a microammeter with a
moving pointer to display readings. Digital multi-meters (DMM, DVOM) have a
numeric display, and may also show a graphical bar representing the measured
value. Digital multi-meters are now far more common due to their lower cost and
greater precision having obsoleted analogue multi-meters.
General properties of multi-meters
Any meter will load the circuit under test to some extent. For example, a multi-
meter using a moving coil movement with full-scale deflection current of 50
microamps (μA), the highest sensitivity commonly available, must draw at least
50 μA from the circuit under test for the meter to reach the top end of its scale.
This may load a high-impedance circuit so much as to affect the circuit, thereby
giving a low reading. The full-scale deflection current may also be expressed in
terms of "ohms per volt" (Ω/V). The ohms per volt figure is often called the
"sensitivity" of the instrument. Thus a meter with a 50 μA movement will have a
"sensitivity" of 20,000 Ω/V. "Per volt" refers to the fact that the impedance the
meter presents to the circuit under test will be 20,000 Ω multiplied by the full-
scale voltage to which the meter is set. For example, if the meter is set to a range
of 300 V full scale, the meter's impedance will be 6 MΩ. 20,000 Ω/V is the best
(highest) sensitivity
available for typical analogue multi - meters that lack internal amplifiers. For
meters that do have internal amplifiers (VTVMs, FETVMs, etc.), the input
impedance is fixed by the amplifier circuit
Modern digital meters (DVMs) and some modern analogue meters also use electronic
input circuitry to achieve high input impedance—their voltage ranges are functionally
equivalent to VTVMs. The input impedance of some poorly designed DVMs (especially
some early designs) would vary over the course of a sample-and-hold internal
measurement cycle, causing disturbances to some sensitive circuits under test.
Additional scales such as decibels, and measurement functions such as capacitance,
transistor gain, frequency, duty cycle, display hold, and continuity which sounds a
buzzer when the measured resistance is small have been included on many multi-
meters. While multi-meters may be supplemented by more specialized equipment in a
technician's toolkit, some multi-meters include additional functions for specialized
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
applications (temperature with a thermocouple probe, inductance, connectivity to a
computer, speaking measured value, etc.).
Analogue multi meter.
Operational procedure as ohmmeter. (Analogue VOM)
Resistance measurements on an analogue meter, in particular, can be of low precision
due to the typical resistance measurement circuit which compresses the scale heavily
at the higher resistance values. Inexpensive analogue meters may have only a single
resistance scale, seriously restricting the range of precise measurements. Typically, an
analogue meter will have a panel adjustment to set the zero-ohms calibration of the
meter, to compensate for the varying voltage of the meter battery, and the resistance
of the meter's test leads.
Steps in using multi meter as Ohmmeter:
1. Connect test probe to appropriate jack / terminals
The red test probe to the + terminal and the black test probe to the – terminal.
2. Set the range to be used in measuring resistance (eg. RX1, X10,X1K etc)
3. Check if the pointer rest exactly at the zero position or infinite position at
ohmmeter range.
4. Check the accuracy of the ohmmeter by holding the both the test probe lead.
5. Short the test probe leads to check if the multi meter is working and to check if
the pointer or needle is set to the right infinity (Zero).Adjust the right zero
adjustment screw to set the pointer to the right infinity.
6. Always set to the highest range if you’re going to measure unknown amount of
resistance.
Note : Most of the analogue multi meter has 4 different ranges for resistance
measuration. These are the following;
RX1 –range used in measuring resistance from zero ohms but not
But not more than 2kΩ or 2,000 Ω
RX10- range used in measuring resistance value from 2kΩ but not
more than 20kΩ or 20,000Ω
RX1k – used in measuring resistance from 20,000Ω but not
more than 2mega ohms or 2,000,000Ω.
RX10k- range used in measuring resistance value from 2mega ohm;s
but not more than 20 mega ohms