‫ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﻤﺎدة‪ :‬م‪ .

‬ﻟـــﺪرع‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫‪2016 - 2015‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺠــــﺎﻣﻌﯿﺔ ‪2016 - 2015‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﺠـــﺎﻣﻌــــــﻲ ﻟﻤﯿـــــــﻠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋـﻠــــﻮم و ﺗﻘﻨﯿــــﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﮭﺪ اﻟﻌـــﻠﻮم و اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿــــــﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤـﺎدة ‪ :‬أﻋـﻤﺎل ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯿﺔ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﺎء ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴـــﻢ اﻟﻌــــﻠﻮم و ﺗـﻘـﻨﯿـــــــــﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮج‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ واﻟﻠﻘﺐ‬

‫اﻻﺳﻢ واﻟﻠﻘﺐ‬

‫‪.................................................................:‬اﻟﺘﻮﻗﯿﺖ‪.............................................................:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬

‫‪ .I‬اﻟﮭﺪف‪:‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﺎﻧﻮن أوم و ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ و ﺑﻨﺎء دارﺗﻲ ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‪.‬‬

‫‪ .II‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ أو ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ھﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺪارات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻤﮭﺎ اﻟﻄﻼب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪھﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﻷي دارة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﯾﻘﻮم اﻟﻄﻼب ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﻗﯿﺎس ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﯿﺎر وﻗﯿﺎس ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎرات اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪ .III‬اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪R1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬ ‫‪ .1 .III‬ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ ﻛ ﻞ واﺣ ﺪة‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ‪ U‬ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻟﺪ و ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‪ I‬اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺪارة ھ ﻮ ﻧﻔﺴ ﮫ اﻟﻤ ﺎر ﻓ ﻲ‬
‫‪R2‬‬ ‫‪U2‬‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .2 .III‬ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪I1‬‬ ‫‪I2‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻌ ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺮع ﺛ ﻢ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻞ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﻮﻟ ﺪ اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺎوي ﻟﻔﺮق ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪R1‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪R2‬‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ‪ I‬ﺗﺒﻌ ًﺎ ﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدﺗﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪارة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ‪ .‬ﯾﺤﺴ ﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﻤﺎدة‪ :‬م‪ .‬ﻟـــﺪرع‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫‪2016 - 2015‬‬

‫‪ .3 .III‬ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :1 .3 .III‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‪ ،‬أﻛﻤﻞ ﻣﻸ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪:U=10V‬‬

‫)‪R 1 ( Ω‬‬

‫)‪R 2 (Ω‬‬

‫)‪(R 1 +R 2 ) (Ω‬‬

‫)‪U 1 (V‬‬

‫)‪U 2 (V‬‬
‫)‪(U 1 +U 2 ) (V‬‬

‫‪ :2 .3 .III‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‪ ،‬أﻛﻤﻞ ﻣﻸ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أن ‪:U=10V‬‬

‫)‪R 1 ( Ω‬‬

‫)‪R 2 (Ω‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪(R 1 ×R 2 ) (Ω‬‬
‫)‪(R 1 +R 2 ) (Ω‬‬

‫)‪R éq ( Ω‬‬

‫)‪I (A‬‬

‫)‪I 1 (A‬‬

‫)‪I 2 (A‬‬

‫‪ :3 .3 .III‬إذا اﻋﺘﺒﺮﻧﺎ أن دارة ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ‪ R2 ، R1‬و ‪ R3‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺿﻊ داﺧﻞ إطﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻟﻔﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ طﺮﻓﻲ ‪R2‬‬

‫‪ :4 .3 .III‬إذا اﻋﺘﺒﺮﻧﺎ أن دارة ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿ ﺎر ﺗﺤﺘ ﻮي ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺎت ‪ R2 ، R1‬و ‪ R3‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﺘﻔ ﺮع‪ ،‬ﺿ ﻊ داﺧ ﻞ إط ﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪R2‬‬

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‫ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﻤﺎدة‪ :‬م‪ .‬ﻟـــﺪرع‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫‪2016 - 2015‬‬

‫‪ .IV‬اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1 .IV‬اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ‪ ،‬آﻣﺒﯿﺮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻟﻄﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬أﺳﻼك ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪U1‬‬
‫‪ .2 .IV‬ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪R1‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺣﻘﻖ اﻟﺪارة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﯿﺚ ‪U=E=10V‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻧﻘﯿﺲ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯿﻦ ‪ R1‬و ‪ R2‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻷوﻣ ﺘﺮ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪E‬‬

‫‪R2‬‬ ‫‪U2‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻮﻟﻄﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘ ﯿﺲ ﻗﯿﻤ ﺔ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﮭ ﺪ ‪ U2‬ﺑ ﯿﻦ طﺮﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ‬
‫‪ R2‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫)‪R 1 ( Ω‬‬

‫)‪ΔR 1 ( Ω‬‬

‫)‪R 2 (Ω‬‬

‫)‪ΔR 2 (Ω‬‬

‫)‪U 2 (V‬‬

‫)‪ΔU 2 (V‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻗﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﺘﺠﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺎت وﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I1‬‬ ‫‪I2‬‬ ‫‪ .3 .IV‬ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‪:‬‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺎﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻧﻔ ﺲ ﻗ ﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺎت اﻟﺴ ﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻘ ﻖ اﻟ ﺪارة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿ ﺔ‬

‫‪U‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﯿﺚ ‪U=E=10V‬‬

‫‪E‬‬
‫‪R1‬‬ ‫‪R2‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻵﻣﺒﯿﺮﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﯿﺲ ﻗﯿﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺘﯿ ﺎر ‪ I2‬اﻟﻤ ﺎر ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ ‪R2‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻣﺴﺆول اﻟﻤﺎدة‪ :‬م‪ .‬ﻟـــﺪرع‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ و اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫‪2016 - 2015‬‬

‫)‪R 1 ( Ω‬‬
‫)‪ΔR 1 ( Ω‬‬
‫)‪R 2 (Ω‬‬

‫)‪ΔR 2 (Ω‬‬
‫)‪I 2 (A‬‬

‫)‪ΔI 2 (A‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻗﺎرن ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ و اﻟﺘﺠﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬

‫‪ .V‬اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‪:‬‬

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