FALGUNI MISS

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STD – X, MATHS (66) FORMULAE 2021 – 22.

GST [GOODS AND SERVICES TAX]

1. GST deposited with government = GST collected – GST paid OR
2. GST deposited with government = GST on value created or profit.
𝒓
3. GST = S.P. (𝟏𝟎𝟎)
4. CGST + SGST = GST

BANKING RECURRING DEPOSITS

𝑛𝑥
5. Total principal for 1 month, P = (𝑛 + 1), Where x = monthly deposit, n = no. of months.
2
1 𝑟
6. Total interest, I=P× × 100, Where P= Total P for 1 month, r = rate % p.a.
12
7. Total amount on maturity, M.V. = (nx) + total interest OR
𝑛𝑥𝑟(𝑛 + 1)
M.V. = (nx) + [ ].
2400

LINEAR INEQUATIONS
8. Represent natural numbers, whole numbers, & integers by an empty or a shaded circle with or
without a vertical line, on the number line on each of the numbers of the solution set.
9. Represent real numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, with a line joining the 2 circles
(empty or shaded) with or without the vertical lines marked as limits on the number line. Shade
the area enclosed between the number line and the line joining the set boundaries.
10. Types of Linear inequations:
a. P – Q = Elements of P which are not in Q.
b. P ∩ Q = Elements that are present in P & Q.
c. P ∪ Q = Elements of both P & Q.
d. Q – P = Elements of Q which are not in P.
e. Q’ = All other elements but not Q.

QUADRATICS EQUATIONS
− 𝑏 +/− √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
11. For ax2 + bx + c = 0 ; where a ≠ 0; x = 2𝑎
12. Upstream – subtract, Downstream – add.

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13. If a, b, and c are real no and a ≠ 0; Its discriminant (D) will be used to identify the nature of the
roots as follows:
a. If b2 – 4ac = 0; roots are real and equal.
b. If b2 – 4ac > 0; roots are real and unequal.
c. If b2 – 4ac < 0; roots are imaginary.

Note:
a. 2 significant figures mean 2 digits only – 0.23, 1.3, 0.012, etc.
b. 2 decimal figures mean – 0.23, 1.22, 0.66, etc.
c. For quadratic equations always solve for 3 decimal places and then round it off to 2
decimal places; if nothing is specified in the question.
d. Use one variable only.
e. You can use 2 variables x, y only if the question is based on digits or fractions but solve
the 2 equations by substitution method only.

RATIO
𝑏
14. If a quantity increases or decreases in the ratio a : b, the new quantity = 𝑎 times of the original quantity.
15. For any two more equal ratios, each ratio is equal to the ratio between sum of their
𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎 𝑐 𝑒 𝑎+𝑐+𝑒
antecedents and sum of their consequent. = = → = = =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓 𝑏 + 𝑑 +𝑓
16. Compound Ratio of a : b and c : d ; the compound ratio is (a × c) : (b × d)
17. Duplicate Ratio of a : b = a2 : b2
18. Triplicate Ratio of a : b = a3 : b3
19. Sub – duplicate Ratio of a : b = √𝒂 ∶ √𝒃
𝟑
20. Sub – triplicate Ratio of a : b = 𝟑√𝒂 ∶ √𝒃
21. Reciprocal Ratio of a:b=b:a

PROPORTION
22. Third proportion of a & b is a : b :: b : c, or If a, b & c are in continued proportion, then
𝑎 𝑏
= 𝑐 i.e. b2 = ac or b = √𝑎𝑐.
𝑏
23. Fourth proportion of a, b, and c is a : b :: c : d, or If a, b, c & d are in continued proportion, then
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= = 𝑑.
𝑏 𝑐
24. Invertendo: a : b = c : d, then b : a = d : c
25. Alternendo: a : b = c : d, then a : c = b : d
26. Componendo: a : b = c : d, then a + b : b = c + d : d
27. Dividendo: a : b = c : d, then a – b : b = c – d : d
28. Componendo and Dividendo: a : b = c : d, then a + b : a – b = c + d : c – d
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𝑎 𝑐
29. If 𝑏 = = 𝑘, then a = bk & c = dk.
𝑑
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
30. If 𝑏 = 𝑐 = = 𝑘, then a = dk3 , b = dk2 , c = dk.
𝑑
𝑎 𝑏
31. If = 𝑐 = 𝑘, then a = ck2, b = ck.
𝑏

FACTOR THEOREM
32. If (x – a) is a factor of polynomial f (x), then f (a) = 0.
33. Remainder Theorem: If f (x), a polynomial in x, is divided by (x – a); the remainder = f (x)
eg. If f (x) is divided by (x – 3), the remainder is f (3).
Here, f (x) = x2 – 8x + 4; (i) By Remainder Theorem, if f (x) is divided by (x – 1), the remainder is
f (1): ∴ f (x) = x2 – 8x + 4; f (1) = 12 – 8 × 1 + 4. (Replacing x by 1); Remainder = – 3.
34. When a polynomial f (x) is divide by x – a, the remainder = f (a). and, if remainder f (a) = 0; x – a
is a factor of the polynomial f (x).

MATRICES
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 − 𝑐
35. Addition: [ ] + [ ] = [ ] , Subtraction: [ ] − [ ] = [ ]
𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 𝑑 + 𝑏 𝑑 𝑏 − 𝑑
𝑎 𝑏 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑏
36. Multiplication by a scalar number: 𝑘 [ ]=[ ]
𝑐 𝑑 𝑘𝑐 𝑘𝑑
𝑎 𝑐 𝑝 𝑞 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑐𝑟 𝑎𝑞 + 𝑐𝑠
37. Multiplication of two matrices: [ ][ ]= [ ]
𝑏 𝑑 𝑟 𝑠 𝑏𝑝 + 𝑑𝑟 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑑𝑠
38. In matrices algebra rules do not apply, i.e. [A + B]2 not equal to A2 + 2AB + B2
39. Matrices additions are commutative and associative.
1 0 0
1 0
40. Unit matrix: [ ] , [0 1 0]
0 1
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0
41. Zero or null matrix: [ ] [0 0 0] , 𝑒𝑡𝑐
0 0
0 0 0
42. The order or type of a matrix: If a matrix has m rows and n columns then its order is m × n (to
be read as m by n or m cross n) or [m, n].
𝑎 𝑏 1 2
43. Equality of matrices: If [ ]=[ ] then a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4.
𝑐 𝑑 3 4
44. Compatibility for addition of Matrices: Two matrices can be added together, if they are of the same order.
45. Compatibility for multiplication of Matrices: Two Matrices A & B can be multiplied together the
matrix AB if, and only if, the number of columns in A (first matrix) is equal to the numbers of
rows in B (second matrix).
46. Additive identity: Any matrix can be added or subtracted with a null matrix, and the answer
remains the same as the original matrix.

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47. Cancellation law is not applicable to matrices.

48. Matrices are distributive over addition. A (B + C) = AB + BC.
49. A × I = A = I × A. (where I is identity matrix and A is any other matrix.)
50. Types of matrices:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎 𝑏
a. Square matrix: [ ] 𝑂𝑅 [𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 ]
𝑐 𝑑
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖
𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
b. Rectangular matrix: [ ] 𝑂𝑅 [ 𝑐 𝑑 ]
𝑑 𝑒 𝑓
𝑒 𝑓
5 0 0
2 0
c. Diagonal matrix: [ ] 𝑂𝑅 [0 − 2 0]
0 3
0 0 3
2 0
2 3 7 ′
d. Transpose of matrix: If A = [ ] , 𝐴 = [3 4]
0 4 7
7 7
4 −2 −4 2
e. Additive inverse: If A = [ ] , 𝐴′ = [ ]
−3 7 3 −7
1 0
f. Identity matrix: I=[ ]
0 1

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
51. First term = a, common difference = d.
52. nth term (tn) or Last term (𝑙) = a + (n – 1) d.
53. rth term from the end = (n – r + 1)th term from the beginning.
𝑛 𝑛
54. S = 2 [2a + (n – 1) d] or Sum S = 2 (a + 𝑙) or
𝑎+𝑏
55. Arithmetic mean between a and b = .
2
56. Unknown consecutive terms to be assumed if sum is given:
Number of consecutive terms Terms to be assumed as
3 a – d, a, a + d
4 a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
5 a – 2d, a – d, a, a + d, a + 2d

57. Unknown consecutive terms to be assumed if sum is NOT given:

Number of consecutive terms Terms to be assumed as
3 a, a + d, a + 2d
4 a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d
5 a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d

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SIMILARITY
58. If triangles are non - overlapping or vertically opp. to each other then,
𝐴∆𝑃𝑂𝐵 𝑃𝑂 2 𝑃𝐵2 𝐵𝑂 2
= 𝑄𝑂2 = 𝐴𝑄2 = 𝐴𝑂2
𝐴∆𝑄𝑂𝐴

59. If triangles are overlapping or having the base line parallel and
share a vertex, then (the area of two similar triangles is
proportional to the square of their corresponding sides),
𝐴∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 𝐴𝐷2 𝐷𝐸 2
= 𝐴𝐵2 =
𝐴∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶 2

60. If many triangles have a common vertex and their bases

are along the same straight line, the ratio between their
areas is equal to the ratio between the lengths of their
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 𝐵𝐸 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐷 𝐵𝐷
bases. = ; = ……..
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐷𝐶 𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶

61. Median divides the triangle into two equal areas.

62. Area of trapezium will be area of bigger triangle less the area of smaller triangle.

63. Some Algebraic Identities: squares:

a. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 OR
= (a – b)2 + 4ab.
b. (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 OR
= (a + b)2 – 4ab.
c. (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2.
d. a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab OR
= (a – b)2 + 2ab
e. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 4ab
1 2 1
f. (𝑎 + 𝑎) = 𝑎 2 + 2 + 𝑎2
1 2 1
g. (𝑎 − 𝑎) = 𝑎 2 − 2 + 𝑎2
1 1 1
h. (𝑎 + 𝑎) (𝑎 − 𝑎 ) = 𝑎 2 − 𝑎2
1 2 1 2
i. (𝑎 + 𝑎) − (𝑎 − 𝑎) =4
j. (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑐𝑎 OR
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= 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
k. (𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏𝑐 − 2𝑐𝑎 OR
= 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 + 2(𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐)
l. (𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑐 OR
= 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 + 2(−𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐)
m. (𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏𝑐 − 2𝑐𝑎
1 1
n. (a2 + 𝑎2 )2 = a4 + 𝑎 4 + 2
1 1
o. (a2 – 𝑎2 )2 = a4 + 𝑎 4 – 2
1 1
p. a4 + 𝑎4 = (a2 + 𝑎2 )2 – 2
1 1 1
q. a4 – = (a2 + ) (a2 – )
𝑎4 𝑎2 𝑎2

64. Some Algebraic Identities: cubes:

a. (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏2 + 𝑏3
= 𝑎3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑏3

b. (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏2 − 𝑏3

= 𝑎3 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏) − 𝑏3

c. 𝑎3 + 𝑏3 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)
= (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )

d. 𝑎3 − 𝑏3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏)
= (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )

1 3 3 1
e. (𝑎 + 𝑎) = 𝑎3 + 3𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎3
1 1
= 𝑎3 + 3 (𝑎 + 𝑎) + 𝑎3

1 3 3 1
f. (𝑎 − ) = 𝑎3 − 3𝑎 + −
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎3
1 1
= 𝑎3 − 3 (𝑎 − 𝑎) − 𝑎3

1 1 3 1
g. 𝑎3 + = (𝑎 + ) − 3 (𝑎 + )
𝑎3 𝑎 𝑎
1 2 1
= (𝑎 + 𝑎) (𝑎 − 1 + 𝑎2)

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1 1 3 1
h. 𝑎3 − 𝑎3 = (𝑎 − 𝑎) + 3 (𝑎 − 𝑎)
1 1
= (𝑎 − ) (𝑎2 + 1 + 2 )
𝑎 𝑎

65. SOME VALUE OF ROOTS:

a. √2 = 1.414 d. √6 = 2.500 g. √13 = 3.610
b. √3 = 1.732 e. √7 = 2.645 h. √17 = 4.123
c. √5 = 2.236 f. √11 = 3.316 i. √19 = 4.360

66. SOME CUBE VALUES:

a. 23 = 8 b. 33 = 27 c. 43 = 64 d. 53 = 125 e. 63 = 216
f. 73 = 343 g. 83 = 512 h. 93 = 729 i. 103 = 1000

---------ALL THE BEST ----------

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