Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KÌ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 THPT
CHUYÊN
HÀ NỘI
NĂM 2021 - 2022
______________________________________
ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC
You will hear part of a talk about a type of bird called a crane.
For each questions 1-10, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS/ A
NUMBER for each answer.
In parts of Asia, the crane is thought to represent both (1) ________ and (2) _________. The total
population of the blue crane stands at around (3) ________________ individuals. The crane’s usual
habitat is in areas of (4) ________, which are getting scarcer in Africa. Both small animals and (5)
________ are given as examples of what cranes eat. Cranes often collide with the (6) ________ that
are now found across southern Africa. Crane conservation in South Africa is coordinated by an
organization called (7) ________________. In one conservation scheme, local women both (8)
________ and (9) ________ like cranes when looking after young chicks. Cranes’ movements are
also being tracked through the use of tiny (10) ________ linked to airports.
Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently
from that of the rest in each of the following questions. (0.2 pt)
Part 1. Circle the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences. (1.2 pts)
A. the most second B. second in the most C. the second most D. two the most
27. The scenery is spectacular when ________ from the mountain top. It feels like your breath is
being taken away.
28. When things go wrong and make you angry, say to yourself: “________”. Remind yourself that
getting angry won’t solve anything, and won’t make you feel better.
29. We offer classic wildlife safaris, exciting expeditions, family holidays, and ________ holidays.
30. Thomas Cook, the father of modern mass tourism, immediately saw the potential of a convenient
‘________’ holiday product in which everything was included in one cost.
A. off the beaten track B. off the peg C. off the record D. off the hook
31. I want to thank ________ person who has contributed to this project.
A. every and each B. each of all C. each and every D. all and every
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A. in the footsteps B. ahead of schedule C. on the wrong track D. out of the way
33. Mary wanted to give Nigel a present that was a little bit out of the ________.
34. These plants needed water and now they are dead. You ________ them regularly.
37. You’ll really have to work hard if you want to make the ________ as a journalist.
Part 2. Think of ONE word which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. (0.4 pt)
38. ____________
• However troublesome he could be, the mother had a soft ________ for Daniel.
• Mira rather put the boss on the ________ by asking him when he was going to give us a pay
rise.
• This historic building is a popular ________ for field trips for various schools, ranging from
primary to high schools.
39. ____________
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40. ____________
• Last week we had a memorable trip to a new zoo on the outskirts of the city where each
species is kept in one big ________.
• Severe droughts may ________ food shortages in the region if there is no urgent measure to
address this.
• His jokes have been described as ________ of fears, anxieties, and insecurities.
41. ____________
• This medication could affect your ________, so you must only take it before you go to bed.
• He was finding it difficult to strike a ________ between his family and his work.
• My bank ________ is always low at the end of the month.
Part 3. Complete the idiom/phrasal verb in each sentence by using a verb in column A and a
particle in column B. You should use the correct form of the verbs. There are more verbs and
particles than necessary. (0.6 pt)
Column A Column B
go pull turn get for through out by
put play drive see to over in round
42. I want this project to be successful. Let’s ________________ all the stops.
43. The kids have been ________________ me ________________ the bend today. They are too
noisy!
44. Amanda was refusing to give me the week off so I ________________ her head and spoke to the
boss.
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46. When she arrived, she was nervous because she felt that he could ________________ her claims
to have worked as a waitress before and would turn her down.
47. “Who can I ________________ for help with my homework now?” Phuc said.
Part 4. Give the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the passage. (0.8 pt)
Many people simply can’t imagine a life without plastic and the fact is that this (48. MARK)
________ material has really made its (49. PRESENT) ________ felt since its invention. In a
relatively short period of time, plastic has gone from novelty to dominator. Part of what makes the
story of plastic so (50. COMPEL) ________ is that it now surrounds us in all areas of our lives.
Some people, however, have had enough of plastic, and one historian has proposed that for one day
every year we should all (51. TAKE) ________ not to touch anything made of plastic.
This means (52. VARY) ________ countries would be able to buy anything, except by means
of coins, because their bank notes are printed on plastic, and another (53. SEQUENCE) ________
would be that no one would be able to use their credit cards. People would have to write in pencil
rather than pen, and nothing could be handled that was wrapped in plastic. It is hoped that this (54.
INITIATE) ________ would be a major breakthrough in making people realise how much of an
(55. INTRUDE) ________ plastic is on our lives.
Part 1. Read the passage and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. (0.6 pt)
The benefits of the Internet are widely known: it offers access to all kinds of information
imaginable and provides opportunities to communicate with others around the world, to share
opinions and play games. Parents recognise that it can (56) ________ a world of learning and new
experiences for their children, but because the Internet is (57) ________ of millions of private sites
which no one can control, (58) ________ there are risks involved. It potentially exposes youngsters
to offensive material and even dangerous situations, and crimes like abductions, which begin with
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Part 2. Read the passage carefully and then fill ONE suitable word in each gap. (0.5 pt)
Life on a small island may seem very inviting to the tourists who spend a few weeks there in
the summer, but the realities of living on (62) ________ is virtually a rock surrounded by water are
quite different from what the casual visitor imagines. Although in summer the island villages are full
of people, life and activity, when the tourist season is over, many of the shop owners shut down their
businesses and return to the mainland to spend the winter in town. (63) ________ to say, those who
remain on the island, whether by choice or necessity, face many hardships. One of the worst of these
is isolation, with (64) ________ many attendant problems. When the weather is bad, which is often
the (65) ________ in winter, the island is entirely cut off, this means not only that people cannot
have goods delivered but also that a medical emergency can be fatal to someone confined to an island.
At (66) ________, telephone communication is cut off, which means that no word from the outside
world can get through. Isolation and loneliness are basic reasons why so many people have left the
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Part 3. Read the following passage about ways of reusing escaped heat. Six paragraphs have been
removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap There is
one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. (0.6 pt)
City of Heat
Escaped heat costs us money and affects our climate. Chelsea Wald reports on a grand plan to
capture it and put it to good use.
Deep in the tunnels of London’s underground railway, as in many around the world, it’s so hot it can
feel very uncomfortable. And yet in the basement of a building only a few metres away from the
station a boiler is firing to heat water for someone’s shower.
67. ________
Recapturing it wouldn’t just benefit our wallets. It would reverse some of the damaging effects on
the climate. The good news is that several cities have found a way to hunt down their surplus heat in
some unexpected places. These cities are building systems that deliver heat in much the same way
that suppliers handle electricity and water. Could they point the way to the next energy revolution?
68. ________
It was also estimated that given the right technologies, we could reclaim nearly half of that energy,
although that’s easier said than done. ‘We often talk about the quantity of waste heat,’ says David
MacKay, chief scientific adviser to the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change, ‘but not the
quality.’ Most of what we think of as ‘waste heat’ isn’t actually all that hot; about sixty percent is
below 230° C. While that may sound pretty hot, it is too cold to turn a turbine to generate electricity.
69. ________
There, buildings tap into the system to warm their water supplies or air for central heating. Many
countries are encouraging such cogeneration, as it is called. A US initiative, for example, might save
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70. ________
As it happens, there is an existing technology that can siphon energy from such temperatures,
although applying it on a large scale to capture waste heat is as yet unachievable. Ground source heat
pumps have been helping homeowners save on heating bills since the 1940s, when US inventor
Robert Webber realized he could invert the refrigeration process to extract heat from the ground.
71. ________
The mechanism for this is simple. A network of pipes makes a circuit between the inside of the
dwelling and a coil buried underground. These pipes contain a mix of water and fluid refrigerant. As
the fluid mixture travels through the pipes buried underground, it absorbs the heat from the 10° C
boil.
72. ________
This system is powerful enough to efficiently provide heat even in places as cold as Norway and
Alaska. It is also cheap. Scientists around the world are now working on the idea that the way ahead
is to develop city-wide grids using source-heat pumps to recycle waste on a grander scale, from
sources such as subways and sewers.
A But that’s not all it can do. Reverse the process and it can cool a home in summer. If the
ground is cold enough, it simply absorbs the heat from inside the building instead of from the
ground.
B It’s an attractive proposition. A report in 2008 found that the energy lost as heat each year by
US industry equaled the annual energy use of five million citizens. Power generation is a major
culprit; the heat lost from that sector alone dwarfs the total energy use of Japan. The situation in
other industrialised countries is similar.
C Yet even this is just a drop in the ocean compared with the heat lost from our homes, offices,
road vehicles and trains. However, waste heat from these myriad sources is much harder to harness
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Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (0.8p)
It seems like a normal bus, except that it moves almost silently, and it does not give off any exhaust
fumes. Instead, a small cloud of white steam emerges from the roof. But this is no ordinary vehicle.
It is part of an experiment that could revolutionize public transport in our cities, providing
sustainable, non-polluting transport from renewable energy resources.
A Urban transport is a major problem in the countries of the European Union, where over 75% of
the population lives in towns and cities. It is becoming increasingly difficult to reconcile individual
needs and expectations of personal mobility with the preservation of the fabric of our cities and with
the quality of life of their inhabitants. Transport is already one of the chief contributors to health and
environmental problems in urban regions, and increasing levels of congestion mean that in some
cities the average speed of traffic at peak times is slower than it was in the days of the horse and cart.
In addition, exhaust fumes are a major contributor to rising levels of CO2 emission in the atmosphere,
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B To address this problem, the European Commissions has allocated £18.5m to project entitled
CUTE (Clean Urban Transport for Europe), one of the most ambitious experiments in energy and
transport taking place today. The aim of the project is to investigate the role that hydrogen and fuel
cells could play in providing a safe, clean and efficient means of public transport. In order to do this,
the nine participating cities have each been supplied with three buses which are powered by hydrogen
in the roof, which supply fuel cells. Here, the hydrogen molecules are split and electricity is produced
to power the bus, together with pure water which escapes into the atmosphere as stream. The buses
only need refueling once a day and can travel at speeds of up to 100kph.
C The nine participating cities vary widely in their local conditions and the type of operating
systems they use, allowing data to be collected and comparisons to be made between the different
systems. One decision the transport authorities in each city have to make is the source of the
hydrogen they use for fuel. This may be produced either from renewable resources, or from fossil
fuels. At present only around 40% of the energy required for the production of hydrogen on the
project comes from renewable resources such as wind power. Amsterdam and Hamburg both use
energy from this source to produce the hydrogen for their buses. Stockholm also uses a renewable
resource, in this case hydro power, while Barcelona profits from its high number of hours of sunshine
to make use of solar power. In cases such as these it may be possible to have a zero emission system,
with no harmful by-products given off at any stage of the project. However, other cities such as Porto
and London use natural gas or other non-renewable resources to produce the hydrogen.
D In addition to deciding on the means of production, the cities also have to decide on the location
where the production of hydrogen is to take place. The on-site production of hydrogen removes the
need for its transportation by truck in liquid or gas form, which is again an advantage in ecological
and financial terms; this solution is used by several cities including Madrid. In London, however, in
order to make the hydrogen available to other users, the authorities decided against on-site
production, so the hydrogen production plant is some way from the bus depot.
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F The overall remit of the project therefore involved comparison of performance and costs involved
in three main areas: the production of hydrogen, the organization of infrastructure (for example, the
location of hydrogen refilling stations), and the use of the buses in varying operational conditions.
There is still some way to go before hydrogen buses will be replacing ordinary public transport on a
large scale – at present running costs are ten times higher, which does not make them a commercial
proposition – but it is beginning to look as if the days of the diesel driven bus are numbered.
Questions 73 – 76
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
Write
73. ________ Traffic may cause problems both to city buildings and to residents.
74. ________ The most efficient way to solve urban transport problems is to increase the use of
public transport.
75. ________ The chemical reaction which produces power for the hydrogen bus takes place in the
fuel cell.
76. ________ The nine cities in the CUTE project have zero emission systems for their hydrogen
buses.
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The reading passage has six paragraphs labelled A-F. Which paragraph contains the following
information? Write letter A-F in the blanks. You may use any letter more than once.
77. ________ a contrast between the two main methods of hydrogen production
78. ________ a reason why hydrogen powered buses may not be widely used for some time
80. ________ a justification for the transportation of hydrogen by road to refuel London buses
Part 1. Rewrite each of the following sentences beginning with the word(s) given in such a way
that it means the same as the original one. (0.5 pt)
Water ………………………………………………………………………………………………
82. I think you should spend more time improving your pronunciation.
If …………………………………………………...…………………………………………………
83. Although I made every effort, I couldn’t finish the writing in one hour only.
Try ……………………………………………...……………………………………………………
84. It was such a heavy snowfall that all the flights had to be cancelled
So ………………...…………………………………………………………………………………...
85. His command of English improved with the time he spent on practicing this language.
Part 2. Rewrite each of the following sentences using the word given in bold so that it has the same
meaning as the original one. (0.5 pt)
86. By leaving Mary alone, I’m sure she’ll finish the project on time. devices
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87. I can recommend you to the manager. I’m a friend of his. word
88. Zoe always makes spontaneous decisions concerning her travel plans. acts
89. She is well-known for her vast knowledge of Renaissance painting. authority
Part 3. Write an academic essay of about 250 words on the following topic. (1.0 pt)
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