Semiotika: Semiotics

saqarTvelos semiotikis sazogadoeba
semiotikis kvlevis centri
semiotika
samecniero Jurnali
SEMIOTICS
SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Tbilisi
Tbilisi
2011
2
UDC 81′22
mTavari redaqtori Editor-in-Chief

cira barbaqaZe Tsira Barbakadze
redaqtorebi Editors
Tamar berekaSvili Tamar Berekashvili

Tamar lomiZe Tamar Lomidze
gia joxaZe Gia Jokhadze
© semiotikis kvlevis centri 2011
ISSN 1512-2409
dagvikavSirdiT: E-mail: tsira_barbakadze@iliauni.edu.ge

3
Sinaarsi
dro enasa da kulturaSi, drois semiotika
elizbar elizbaraSvili (Telavi, iakob gogebaSvilis

saxelmwifo universiteti)
Jan bodriaris kulturuli bulioni da qarTuli
“bulionis” dro.........................................................................7
inga milorava (Tbilisi, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli

literaturis instituti)
“nivTi”, rogorc drois da kulturuli sivrcis
simbolo modernistul teqstSi...........................................17
ada nemsaZe (Tbilisi, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli

kitriani aryis boTli/mzis amosvlis kunZuli (ori
qronotopuli simbolos analizisTvis) ............................29
rusudan zeqalaSvili (Tbilisi, ivane javaxiSvilis

drois fenomeni da misi metaforuli interpretacia
enaSi ..............................................................................................37
maia jaliaSvili(Tbilisi, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli

drois metafizika qarTul modernistul romanSi .........48
zeinab kikviZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universiteti)
eris cnobierebaSi arsebul idiomaTa dro-sivrculi
semantemebi..................................................................................68
4
salome omiaZe (Tbilisi, ivane javaxiSvilis

punqtualuroba, rogorc drois konceptis erT-erTi
Semadgeneli ................................................................................77
tariel daTiaSvili ( quTaisi, damoukidebeli

mkvlevari)
uZravi da moZravi (globaluri da lokaluri) dro .......81
nino gogiaSvili (Telavi, iakob gogebaSvilis

gzis semiotika qarTuli masalebis mixedviT ...................90
gia joxaZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
dro da xsovna.............................................................................96
nino abakelia (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
“ornamentizebuli” dro da sivrce saqarTvelos
teritoriaze dacul brinjaos artefaqtebze ................104
semiotika da sxva
lali guledani (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
“mamaTa Segonebanis” ideur-Tematuri Taviseburebani... 113
rusudan mircxulava (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
simbolos “namdviloba” art-sesiaze (art-Terapiasa
da fsiqologiur art-treningSi).........................................127
5
dali baxtaZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
germanuli da qarTuli kulturis semiotika xatovani
azrovnebis enobriv subsistemebSi ......................................136
daviT SavianiZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universiteti)
sizmris semiotika eTnografiul masalebsa da
mxatvrul literaturaSi .......................................................144
maia miqautaZe, giga qamuSaZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis

sametyvelo kodTa SereviT gamowveuli semantikuri
Taviseburebani imerxevelTa metyvelebaSi ......................152
laSa CxartiSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti, doqtoranti)
scenur-sivrciTi metaforis semantika robert
sturuas speqtaklSi “mefe liri”.........................................160
Tamar kiknaveliZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

patris pavis “Teatraluri leqsikonis” mniSvneloba
Tanamedrove TeatrmcodneobaSi .........................................169
luiza xaWapuriZe, ia xaWapuriZe (quTaisi, akaki

wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti)
kulturaTa integracia da enobrivi desemantizacia
(megobari/Seyvarebuli/boifrendi)....................................176
nana trapaiZe (baTumi, SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo

universiteti)
veragoba da/Tu siyvaruli.....................................................182
6
irine CaCaniZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universiteti)
sqesi da genderi: leqsikografiuli panorama .................196
SoTa barbaqaZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universiteti, magistri)
“Ria” adamianebi “ Ria sazogadoebaSi”................................204
Tamar lomiZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
ucnaurisa da gaucnaurebis cnebaTa semantika me-20
saukunis 10-20-iani wlebis kulturaSi ..............................214
aTinaT mamacaSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
winaaRmdegobis gamomxatveli sityva fransis ponJis
da giorgi leoniZis SemoqmedebaSi ......................................222
cira barbaqaZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
dagineba da furTxeba qarTul sabWoTa poeziaSi ...........235
daviT TinikaSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

drois aRqma avgustinesTan anu “SenSi, sulo Cemo,
vzomav dros” ..............................................................................242
lali zaqaraZe (baTumi, SoTa rusTavelis

merab mamardaSvili: evropuli identobis aRqma — gza
TviTgamorkvevisken .................................................................247
Tamar berekaSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

universiteti)
identobis problema — dro da sarke ...................................253
dro enasa da kulturaSi
drois semiotika
a
elizbar elizbaraSvili
Jan bodriaris kulturuli

bulioni da qarTuli
“bulionis” dro
frangi filosofosi Jan bodriari

Tanamedrove evropuli postindustriu-
li sazogadoebis analizisas gamohyofs
socio-kulturuli sivrcis ramdenime
maxasiaTebels _ maT Soris erT-erT mTa-
vars _ “JanrTa aRrevis kanons”. es aris
situacia, rodesac moxsnilia socio-
kulturuli sivrcis tradiciuli, Sina-
gani diferenciacia da misi yvela sfero
erT did “kulturul bulionSi” (bod-
riaris termini) aRireva. 1990 wels ga-
mocemul wignSi _ “borotebis gamWvir-
valoba” (Tavi “orgiis Semdgom”) frangi
postmodernisti wers, rom Tanamedrove
sivrceSi seqsi, ekonomika, politika,
mecniereba, xelovneba, sporti erTmaneTi-
sagan gamijnul “teritoriebze” aRar
arsebobs, yoveli sfero ganicdis “de-
kompensacias” _ gadaiJoneba danarCen
sxvaSi, ganzavdeba yvelaSi da kargavs
Tavis specifikas. yoveli diskursi yvel-
gan “saxeze myofia”. am “politikuri da
informaciuli kulturis bulionSi” se-
qsualuroba gardaiqmneba transseqsualu-
robad, ekonomika _ transekonomikad, po-
8 elizbar elizbaraSvili
litika _ transpolitikad, esTetika _ transesTetikad. es aris

iseTi mdgomareoba, rodesac yvelaferi seqsualuria, yvelaferi
politikuria, yvelaferi esTetikuri. wignis calkeuli Tavi Ti-
Toeuli fenomenis ganxilva-ilustrirebas eTmoba.
termin „transpolitika“-Si igulisxmeba, rom politika
moCvenebiT, meorad arsebobaSia gadasuli. mas arseboba ki ar Se-
uwyvetia da am saxiT ki ar gamqrala, aramed ufro farul,
TvalTmaqcur arsebobas ganagrZobs. es niSnavs, rom politika,
rogorc realuri fenomeni, Tavisufldeba Tavisi ideebisagan,
koncepciebisagan, Tavisi arsebisagan, Rirebulebisagan, Tavisi
warmomavlobisa da daniSnulebisagan da adgas usasrulo TviT-
warmoebis gzas. TiTqos yvelaferi ganagrZobs funqcionirebas,
maSin rodesac arsebobis sazrisi gaqra. politikuri sfero ga-
nagrZobs funqcionirebas sakuTari Semadgenlobisadmi srul
gulgrilobaSi. avtori aq dasZens: „paradoqsi isaa, rom aseTi
funqcionirebiT sulac ar zaraldeba igi, aramed piriqiT _
sul ufro srulyofili xdeba“ („borotebis gamWvirvaloba“ gv.
12). es aris didi sazogadoebrivi agregati, romelic TiTqos
„cariel siCqareze“ muSaobs. anu politikidan didi xania gaqra
ideebi, magram politikuri moRvaweebi kvlav ganagrZoben TavianT
TamaSebs. es aris politikis formalur-carieli TamaSebi, rode-
sac misi moqmedi pirebi srulebiT gulgrilni rCebian sakuTari
„fsonebisadmi“. maT ar ainteresebT ideebi, maTi ganxorcieleba-
ganuxorcielebloba, ainteresebT mxolod karieruli TamaSebi:
Sejibri, winsvla, gamarjveba, damarcxeba. aRar arsebobs poli-
tikuri avangardi, romelic gardaqmnisa da cvlilebebis ideebis
ZaliT kritikas SeZlebda. politika mTlianad moCvenebiT arse-
bobaSi gadadis. igi iqceva speqtaklad, romlisac aRaravis swams.
am speqtaklis miRma araviTari ideaTa Widili ar imaleba. yvela-
feri carieli TamaSebia, sadac aRar arsebobs realuri politi-
kuri procesebi. bodriari askvnis: „yovelive amis Sedegad mivi-
ReT sruli gaurkvevloba da SeuZlebloba imisa, rom kvlav da-
veufloT saganTa politikuri gansazRvris principebs“ („boro-
tebis gamWvirvaloba“, gv. 18). „Cven vsaxlobT transpolitikur-
Si, sxvagvarad _ politikuris nulovan niSnulze, romelic misi
kvlavwarmoebisa da usasrulo simulaciisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebe-
li“ („borotebis gamWvirvaloba“, gv. 19). da radganac ar arse-
Jan bodriaris kulturuli bulioni da qarTuli `bulionis~ dro 9
bobs originaluri politikuri strategiebi, aRar xdeba socia-

luri urTierTobebis gonieri, swori marTva, saxelmwifo kar-
gavs Tavis socialur arss. saxelmwifo „aRar funqciobs poli-
tikuri nebis Sesabamisad, mas marTavs SantaJi, daSineba, Tval-
Tmaqcoba, provokacia an saCvenebeli problemebi.“ „is igonebs po-
litikas, romlisTvisac gulgrilobaa damaxasiaTebeli“ („boro-
tebis gamWvirvaloba“, gv. 117).
es aris politikis dasasrulis erTi aspeqti. meore aspeq-
tia politikis yvelgan da yvelaferSi SeWra. ai, misi es aqcenti
gvainteresebs Cven yvelaze metad. frangi postmodernistis az-
riT, dRes politika SeiWra sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela
sferoSi: biznesSi, xelovnebaSi, mecnierebaSi, sportSi, seqsSi.
yvelaferi gaxda politikuri. politika SeiWra sxva sferoebSi
imdenad, ramdenadac isini kargaven TavianT specifikur xasiaTs
da „aRrevisa da dasenianebis erTian procesSi xdebian CaTreul-
ni“. maTgan TiToeuli sfero, rogorc politikis sfero, Tanaba-
ri xarisxiTaa Sepyrobili, daavadebuli „jaWvuri reaqciiT,“
SemTxveviTi da uazro gamravlebiT, metastazirebiT“ („borote-
bis gamWvirvaloba“, gv. 14).
ras niSnavs warmodgenili sferoebis urTierTdainficireba?
es imas niSnavs, rom sferoebi urTierTSenacvlebulia, „Janrebi
aRreulia“. anu seqsi dRes arsebobs ara mxolod seqsSi, ro-
gorc aseTSi, aramed mis farglebs miRma, rom politika aRaraa
koncentrirebuli politikaze da exeba yvela sferos: ekonomi-
kas, mecnierebas, xelovnebas, sports. sportic gavida sportis
miRma da igi biznesSicaa, seqsSic, politikaSic. sportis aseTi
gansvla sakuTari Tavidan imaSi Cans, rom „yvelaferi upirateso-
bis, Zalisxmevis, rekordis, infantiluri TviTgadalaxvis spor-
tuli koeficientiTaa gaJRenTili.“ Sedegad viRebT erTian kul-
turul „bulions“, sadac aRar arsebobs „diferencirebuli ve-
li“ da „gansxvavebuli sagnebi.“
es aris „JanrTa aRrevis“ „kanoni“: yvelaferi seqsualuria,
yvelaferi politikuria, yvelaferi esTetikuria. wignSi „boro-
tebis gamWvirvaloba“ vkiTxulobT: „yvelafers, gansakuTrebiT
1968 wlidan, politikuri sazrisi eniWeba: yoveldRiuri cxov-
rebac, sigiJec, enac, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebic, survi-
lebic politikuri xasiaTisani arian... amave dros, yvelaferi
seqsualuri xdeba, yvelaferi survilis obieqtia: Zalaufleba,

codna... amavdroulad, yvelaferi esTetikuria; politika gadaiq-
ceva speqtaklad, seqsi _ reklamad da pornografiad“ („borote-
bis gamWvirvaloba“, gv. 16). magaliTad, endi uorholi esTetikis
transvestitia, radganac igi xelovnebaTa da esTetikaTa univer-
salur aRrevas axdens, misTvis yvelaferi esTetikuria. kultu-
ruli „bulioni“ niSnavs imas, rom TiToeuli sfero midreki-
lia sakuTari Tavis umaRlesi xarisxiT ganvrcobisaken. amiT ki,
avtoris azriT, TavianT specifikas kargaven da yvela danarCenSi
ganzavdebian. es aris saganTa paradoqsuli mdgomareoba, rodesac
uaryofa da likvidacia siWarbiTa da sakuTar farglebs miRma
gafarToebiT miiReba.
Jan bodriarTan rogorc transpolitikurobaa politiku-
robis dasasrulis mauwyebeli, iseve transseqsualuroba _ seq-
sualurobis dasasruli. frangi avtori transseqsualurobis
cnebas biologiur-anatomiuri CarCoebidan socio-kulturul
ganzomilebamde afarToebs, romlis arsic simboloTa, niSanTa
da organoTa aRreva-maskaradSi mdgomareobs. seqsualurobisa da
transseqsualurobis gamijvnis erT-erTi mTavari kriteriumi
isaa, rom seqsualuroba orientirebulia siamovnebaze, transseq-
sualuroba ki – xelovnurobaze. CiColina, madona, maikl jekso-
ni – popkulturis sivrcis transvestitebi arian, radganac isi-
ni cxovroben simboloTa, niSanTa da organoTa aRreviT, isini
arian sqesebs Soris „gadamrbenebi“. seqsualuri gaTavisufleba
orgiis etapia dasavlur kulturaSi, transseqsualizmi ki _
maskaradis dro, radganac, bodriaris azriT, survilebis gaTavi-
suflebas mosdevs seqsualurobis Cakargva gaurkvevel Teatra-
lizebul zedmetobebSi. amitomac survilebis gandevnis strate-
gia seqsualuri gaTavisuflebis dros erTia, xolo transseqsua-
lizmis dros – meore: survilebis „Zveli, keTili“ represia ic-
vleba am survilebis zedmeti, gadaWarbebuli demonstrirebiT. es
meqanizmi, filosofosis azriT, ufro efeqturad gandevnis sur-
vilebs. Sesabamisad, transvestitis cxovrebis wesi `me varsebo-
bi~-dan icvleba `me var danaxvadi~-T, `me var gamosaxulebi~-T.
janmrTelobisaken miswrafeba icvleba sareklamo brwyinvalebiT.
sabolood, bodriari askvnis, rom seqsualuri revolucia erT-
erTi etapia transseqsualizmisaken mimaval gzaze. nebismieri re-
voluciis Semdeg dgeba gaurkvevloba, gangaSi da aRreva. seqsua-

luri revoluciis Semdgom dasavlur kulturaSi yvelaferi
sqesTa aRrevisa da am gziT _ gaurkvevlobisaken warimarTa. esaa
niSanTa dausrulebeli cirkulaciis etapi, sadac problema
identurobaa.
es ki aris seqsualurobis dasasrulis erTi aspeqti. misi
meore aspeqtic seqsis yvelgan da yvelaferSi SeWraa. rogorc
vxedavT, termin „transpolitikas“ Jan bodriari, umTavresad, am
ori aspeqtiT iyenebs. transpolitikaSi igi gulisxmobs politi-
kis dasasruls Tanamedrove samyaroSi, romelsac ori mxare, ori
momenti aqvs. pirveli isaa, rom politikuri agregati funqcio-
nirebs „cariel siCqareze“ da moCvenebiT arsebobaSia gadasuli.
meore ki isaa, rom Tanamedrove kulturul sivrceSi „Janrebia
aRreulia“, amis Sedegadac yvelaferi politikaa, anu aRaraferia
politika. aseve iazrebs avtori termins „transseqsualuroba“:
pirveli aspeqti simboloTa, niSanTa da organoTa arReva-maskara-
dia, xolo meore aspeqti _ „JanrTa aRreva“, anu seqsis yvelagan
da yvelaferSi SeWraa. es ori aspeqti ganapirobebs seqsualuro-
bis dasasruls. aseve, „transesTetika“ esTetikaTa da xelovneba-
Ta aRrevaa, xolo meore aspeqti _ esTetikis, speqtaklurobis,
warmodgeniTobis aseve yvelagan da yvelaferSi SeWra, yvelafris
gaesTetureba xelovnebis dasarulia.
„magram, rodesac yvelaferi politikuria, maSin ukve aRa-
raferia politikuri, Tavad es sityvac hkargavs azrs. rodesac
yvelaferi seqsualuria, maSin ukve aRaraferia seqsualuri da
seqsis gageba SeuZlebelia ganisazRvros; rodesac yvelaferi es-
Tetikuria, aRaraferia arc mSvenieri da arc sazizRari, am
dros xelovnebac ki qreba“ („borotebis gamWvirvaloba,“ gv. 17).
xelovneba qreba ara amaRlebul idealizaciebSi, aramed _ yo-
veldRiurobis srul esTetizaciaSi. xelovneba gaqra maSin, ro-
desac yovelive banaluri esTetikuri gaxda. xelovneba am dros
ganzavda banalurobis transesTetikaSi. „aRar arsebobs esTeti-
kuri tkbobisa da msjelobebisaTvis oqros standarti“ („boro-
tebis gamWvirvaloba,“ gv. 24). im qaosSi, romelic xelovnebaSi
arsebobs, SesaZlebelia esTetikis „saidumlo kodis“ darRveva
amovikiTxoT iseve, rogorc simsivnea biologiuri organizmis-
Tvis genetikuri kodis darRveva.
saqarTveloSi, rogorc dasavluri socio-kulturuli siv-

rcidan aTwleulebis manZilze izolirebul sivrceSi, msgavsi
maxasiaTeblebi istoriulad arasodes SeiniSneboda. magram Tana-
medrove saqarTveloSi ki ukve SeimCneva bodriaris mier aRweri-
li erTiani kulturuli bulionis warmoqmnis cxadi tendencia.
unda aRiniSnos, rom “JanrTa aRrevis kanonze” qarTul sivrceSi
saubrobs ara romelime sociologi an filosofosi, an romelime
mwerali-avangardisti, aramed _ mxatvar-performatorTa axal-
gazrduli jgufi, mizanmimarTuli konceptualuri saTauriT _
“bulioni”. jgufi daarsda TbilisSi 2008 wels (Sedgeba 6
mxatvrisagan). sakuTari koncepcia man swored Jan bodriaris aR-
niSnul Teoriaze („Janrebis aRreva“) daafuZna. jgufis prezen-
tacia am konceptis warmoCenaze iyo gaTvlili _ performansi
“bina-3”. es jgufi xelovnebis eniT gadmoscems qarTul socio-
kulturul sivrceSi sferoTa gadaJonva-ganzaveba-aRrevas, razec
frangi postmodernisti Tavis droze saubrobda. amis saukeTeso
magaliTia 2009 wels Tbilisis saerTaSoriso festivalze “ar-
tisteriumi” (qarvasla) da 2011 wels laifcigis Tanamedrove
xelovnebis muzeumSi dadgmuli performansi _ “Zalosnebi”. per-
formansi jgufis erTwliani mzadebis finaluri etapi gaxldaT:
mxatvrebma relurad gaiTamaSes ZalosnobaSi momzadebis, varji-
Sis da Sejibrebaze gasvlis yvela etapi. yvelaferi garegnulad
ise gamoiyureboda, rogorc sporti: anturaJi, inventari, wesebi,
magram nawarmoebis qveteqstebi politikur da socialur dis-
kursebze migvaniSnebdnen. mxatvrebma sporti, politika da socia-
luri diskursi erTmaneTSi Segnebulad auries. amasve mianiSnebda
aRniSnul formatSi seqsualuri diskursis Semotanis mcdelo-
bac. artisteriumis CarCo Temac _ “cvlilebebis manifesti da
Sinagani gamocdileba” _ am konteqsts warmoaCenda.
ai, ra iyo, mxatvrebis TqmiT, am performansisas winaswar
gaazrebul-dagegmili. isini werdnen:Mmxatvrebis jgufi ori kvi-
ris manZilze qalaqis erT-erT centralur sportul darbazSi
daqiravebuli mwvrTnelis zedamxedvelobiT gaivlis fizikur
momzadebas ZalosnobaSi: gamofenis gaxsnisas man unda SeZlos
iseTi simZimis Zelis aweva, romelic manamde warmoudgenlad eC-
veneboda. Zelis simZimis standarti winaswar iqneba gansazRvru-
li. varjiSebi Catardeba dReSi orjer, erTsa da imave dros,
sruli datvirTviT. Mmxatvrebi, yovel dRe erTnair sportul

formas Caicvamen (maisurebs, romlebzec gamosaxuli iqneba mom-
devno ricxvebi evrokavSirSi Sesuli bolo qveynis Semdeg*. mag
_ 28,29,30 da a.S. 2007 w. bulgareTi da rumineTi gaerTianda
evrokavSirSi. rumineTi jerjerobiT bolo, 27-e qveyanaa:)Pper-
formansi Catardeba galereaSi, sadac Zelis garda, Sejibrebe-
bisTvis saWiro inventars miitanen.
daskvniT etapamde, varjiSebis periodSi “sportuli jgufi“
gamarTavs erT an ramdenime preskonferencias, sadac auditorias
mimdinare wvrTnebis Sesaxeb acnobeben. warmodgenis am formas
daskvniT etapze jgufis mier SemuSavebuli koncepcia axlda,
romelic nawarmoebis organuli nawili iyo. koncepciaSi vkiTxu-
lobT:
“namuSevris koncepcia CamovayalibeT sami mimarTulebiT.
1. movaxdinoT evrokavSirisaken swrafvis parodireba, am
swrafvaSi urTierTkonkurencia da dadgenili standartebis Ses-
ruleba gaviTamaSoT.
2. movaxdinoT dasavluri sazogadoebis korporaciuli
”eTikis” parodireba. sportuli TamaSis wesebTan misi gaigivebiT
gvsurs warmovaCinoT, Tu rogor gaxda korporaciuli eTikis
mTavari elementi sportuli Jini. Cveni mizania, sazogadoebas
davanaxoT, rom “yvelaferi upiratesobis Zalisxmevis, rekordis,
infantiluri TviTgadalaxvis sportuli koeficientiTaa gaJRen-
Tili” (J. bodriari).
3. movaxdinoT imis demonstrireba, Tu rogor SeiZleba sa-
xelovnebo aqciasa da sportul Sejibrebebs Soris zRvris gad-
Rabvna.
am sami mimarTulebiT gvsurda Segvexeda evropisaTvis _
Signidan, dasavluri kulturuli tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT
gadagvelaxa provinciuli evropocentrizmi da arc antievropul
poziciaze aRmovCeniliyaviT.“
jgufi `bulioni~ vizualuri xelovnebis eniT gvesaubreba
imaze, rac filosofiisa da sociologiis kvlevis sagani unda
iyos. mxatvrebi faqtis, procesis zogad konstatacias axdenen
TavianT koncepciaSi da toveben metaforebs, miniSnebebs romle-
bic xsnian am TemasTan dakavSirebuli Warbi interpretaciis Se-
saZleblobas. Cven SegviZlia met-naklebi sizustiT movniSnoT
dRevandel qarTul droSi es “gadRabvnis adgilebi” da ganvsaz-

RvroT am procesis siCqare qarTul socio-kulturul sivrceSi.
dRevandeli qarTuli dro sportisa da xelovnebis, spor-
tisa da mecnierebis, xelovnebisa da politikis sivrceTa aRre-
vis dasawyisiT xasiaTdeba. xelovnebisa da sportis diskursebis
erTmaneTSi aRreva Cvens droSi marTlac saxezea. Tanamedrove sa-
qarTvelos elitarul-avangardistuli Tu masobrivi mediakul-
turuli sivrceebi xelovanis, artistis warmoCenis, arsebobis
da “tiraJirebis” iseT “sistemas” gvTavazoben, rodesac, bodria-
ris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, „yvelaferi upiratesobis, Zalisxme-
vis, rekordis, infantiluri TviTgadalaxvis sportuli koefi-
cientiTaa gaJRenTili.“ mxatvrebi iqcnen sportsmen-mxatvrebad,
poetebi _ sportsmen-poetebad, mwerlebi _ sportsmen-mwerlebad.
garemo karnaxobs yvelas konkurentuli upiratesobis mopovebas
nebismieri Zalisxmevis fasad, aCvenon mudmivad sarekordo maCve-
neblebi, akeTon is, rac maT SesaZleblobebs bevrad aRemateba,
miaRwion pirad „rekordebs“. am sferoSi, rodesac sportuli
Sejibris stiliT aris gaJRenTili yvelaferi, raodenoba amar-
cxebs xarisxs. raodenoba SesamCnevia, igi arsebobis da „mzis
qveS adgilis“ dasakuTrebis realuri „ganacxadia“, raodenobiT
SeiZleba „laparaki“, xarisxi ki raodenobis gareSe SeumCnevelia,
wamieri gaelvebaa, saidanac „ver ilaparakeb“: mediakulturas,
Tanamedrove galereebisa da redaqcia-gamomcemlobebis mudmivga-
naxlebad konveiers sWirdeba mudmivi siaxle, bevri axali da
farTomasStabiani produqcia. dRes erTi genialuri leqsi, CaTva-
leT, rom arc arsebobs, aseve _ erTi genialuri tilo an roma-
ni. poeti iZulebulia, ara leqsebiT, aramed yovelwliuri kre-
bulebiT (zogjer erTze metiT) gelaparakos, mxatvari _ ara
tiloebiT, aramed seriebiT gesaubreba, prozaikosi yovelwliuri
romanebiT, moTxrobaTa da piesaTa krebulebiT, da es imisaTvis,
rom ubralod iarsebos, ar iyos „daviwyebuli“ am saerTo-kul-
turul SejibrSi. „SemoqmedebiT formaSi“ aseTi yofna Zalze wa-
agavs sportsmenis cxovrebis grafiks, Tavisi kolosaluri dat-
virTviT, romelic jer swraf produqtiulobaSi gavarjiSebiT,
Semdeg gadaRliT, Semdeg gamofitviT, sulieri travmebiT, da bo-
los meqanicizmiTa da „formalur-zedapirulobiT“ mTavrdeba. sa-
bolood, rogorc daviT CixlaZe ambobs _ „isini arafers qmnian,
isini Widaoben TavianTi ofliani fexsacmelebiT” („meti triq-

steria saWiro. oRond marto „SabaTis SouSi“ ara, cxovrebaSi,
literaturaSi...“ `24 saaTi,~ 21.11.10).
meore mxriv _ speqtakluroba, warmodgeniToba, sareklamo
brwyinvaleba SeiWra sportSi. dRes yvela sportsmeni Sou-biz-
nesmenobaze, modelobaze, warmodgenebSi, piar-saRamoebSi, media-
sivrcis sareklamo rgolebSi, tokSouebSi monawileobaze ocne-
bobs.
diskursTa aseTive aRrevaa samecniero da sportul sivrce-
ebSic. Tanamedrove qarTuli sauniversiteto-samecniero garemo
mecniers arsebobis iseT „sistemas“ sTavazobs, rodesac, filo-
sofosis sityvebi rom gavimeoroT, „yvelaferi upiratesobis, Za-
lisxmevis, rekordis, infantiluri TviTgadalaxvis sportuli
koeficientiTaa gaJRenTili.“ akademiur-samecniero wreebSi momu-
Save adamiani iZulebulia, mudmivad reitingebze da am reitinge-
bis maqsimalurad swrafad zrdaze zrunavdes. unda aCvenos mud-
mivad sarekordo maCveneblebi konferenciebSi, monografiebSi,
statiebSi, treningebSi, grantebSi da sxva samecniero koeficien-
tebSi. mecnier-sportsmeni mudmivad sakuTari CV-is SesaZleblo-
bebis zrdasa da konkurenti mecnier-sportsmenis damarcxebaze
fiqrobs. yovelive es ki, rogorc aRvwereT, raodenobis sasar-
geblod ganapirobebs swraf svlas. raodenoba amarcxebs xa-
risxs da yvelaferi aqac meqanicizmiT da formalur-zedapiru-
lobiT sruldeba _ „ofliani fexsacmelebiT“ CempionatSi gasa-
marjveblad.
aseve sportSic SeiWra mecnierebis diskursi: fizikuri
kondicia, kvleva, eqsperimenti, Teoriuli analizi, testireba,
analitikuri dapirispireba, fsiqologia.
CvenSi diskursTa urTierTgadafena-gadRabvnis adgilia aseve
xelovneba da politika. „yvelaferi xdeba esTetikuri; politika
gadaiqceva speqtaklad“ (J. bodriari). dRes politikuri, media-
gasarTobi da Soubiznesis sivrceebi urTierTgadakveTilia. po-
litikosi iqca msaxiobad, mediasaxed. sazogadoebis winaSe Tavis
prezentireba-wardgena, gamosaxuleba, piari, imijTa gaTamaSeba
sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba politikosisaTvis. amave dros,
yvela sxva `cnobad~ adamianebTan erTad politikosebi avseben
Sou-gasarTob da sareklamo sivrceebs mediaSi. politikis Ziri-
Tadi teqnologia xdeba dadgma, speqtakli, kargi anturaJi, dama-

jerebeli TamaSi.
Tavis mxriv, xelovnebis da kulturis sivrceSic SeiWra
politika _ xelovanTa calkeuli jgufi-partiebi, gaerTianeba-
asociaciebi, mediasaSualebebi, produqciis promouSeni, reklama,
momxre-fanebis moZieba, Zalauflebis demonstrireba, kuluaruli
da Ria brZola, SantaJi, garigeba, konkursebi... asparezze gamosu-
li yoveli axali xelovani erTveba rTul politikur urTier-
TobebSi ukve Camoyalibebul kulturul infrastruqturasTan.
yoveli xelovani aseve politikosia kulturul sivrceSi. iZu-
lebulia, iyos politikosi.
rac Seexeba mecnierebisa da xelovnebis sivrceTa gadRabvnas, mis
magaliTad Tavad jgufi „bulioni“ gamodgeba, romlis yoveli
performansi, hepeningi Tu dadgma aseve garkveul Camoyalibebul
kvlevas da mentalur Tu kulturul eqsperiments warmoadgens,
romlis dasrulebasac axali Sedegebis molodini mohyveba xol-
me.
inga milorava
,,nivTi~, rogorc drois da

kulturuli sivrcis
simbolo modernistul
teqstSi
mwerlis mier garkveul dro-siv-

rcul lokalSi moTavsebuli ,,nivTebi’’
saSualebas aZleven mkiTxvels, srulad
Cawvdes mis Canafiqrs, nawarmoebSi asa-
xuli dro-sivrcis arss, teqstis
struqturis da saTqmelis Camoyalibeba-
Si drois da sivrcis gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas. modernistuli teqsti Ta-
visi mravalSrianobiTa da ,,mravalsafe-
xurianobiT’’ gamoirCeva. pirvel, sayrden
sibrtyeze gamosaxul mxatvrul svrceSi
TavianTi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWi-
ravT ,,nivTebs’’. maT sxvadasxva funqcia
eniWebaT. Tu nivTi mxolod anturaJis,
dekoraciis Sesaqmneladaa gamoyenebuli,
maSin is am safexurzeve rCeba da mxo-
lod dekoratiuli elementis funqciiT
ifargleba. magram modernistul teq-
stebSi ,,nivTebi’’ gadadian Tvisobrivad
ufro maRal safexurze da eniWebaT uf-
ro farTo esTetikuri da simboluri
mniSvneloba _ isini drois Tvisobriobis
da im kulturuli sivrcis formisa da
Sinaarsis gamomxatveli niSnebi xdebian,
romelTac ekuTvnian. am SemTxvevaSi ,,niv-
Ti’’ inacvlebs Semdgom, ufro maRal _
,,filosofiur’’ da ,,ideur’’ doneebze.
18 inga milorava
modernistul teqstebSi ,,nivTi’’ gvxvdeba, rogorc drois Sina-

arsis mkveTrad gamomxatveli niSani; sivrculi (reliefuri) sim-
bolo; ,,winaT’’ - ,,axla’’ opoziciis ilustracia (sivrcis da mi-
si Semavsebeli movlenebis yofiTi, filosofiuri da kulturu-
li cvlilebebis gamomxatveli); droTa kavSiris uzrunvelyofis
saSualeba; teqstSi garkveuli tipis sivrcis SemokrebisTvis au-
cilebeli sakraluri da mxatvruli centri; xsovnis qronoto-
pis sayrdeni da garkveuli filosofiuri ideis nawilobriv ma-
inc xelSesaxebi dadastureba.
nivTebs, sagnebs udidesi mniSvneloba aqvT adamianisaTvis.
SeiZleba iTqvas, room civilizaciis istoria, garkveulwilad,
`nivTebis~ Seqmnis, cvlilebis, ganviTarebis da gaazrebis vrceli
da idumalebiT moculi ambavicaa, radgan `nivTebma~ uxsovar
droSive gadalaxes utilitaruli mniSvnelobis farglebi da Se-
iWrnen adamianis warmosaxvaSi, rogorc garkveuli ideis aRmniS-
vneli da esTetikuri Rirebulebis mqone mxatvruli elementebi.
`nivTs~ _ saTqmelis zustad, naTlad, xelSesaxebad gamoxatvis
saSualebas – iyenebs folklori, miTologia, literatura,
mxatvroba... SeiZleba gavixsenoT uamravi SemTxveva, rodesac
`nivTebi~, `sagnebi~ ikaveben centralur adgils mxatvrul naaz-
revSi, maT garSemo nel-nela iqsoveba mxatvruli qsovili, vi-
Tardeba movlenebi da swored nivTebi gamoxataven nawarmoebis
ideas, filosofiur safuZvels, esTetikur koncefcias. TiTqmis
yvela CvenTvis cnobil kulturaSi dasturdeba `nivTis~ amgvari
funqcia. isini uxvad aris warmodgenili folklorSi, zRaprebSi.
mravali miTis arss `nivTebi~ gansazRvraven, Tundac _ òqros
sawmisi~ an `pandores yuTi~. `nivTebis~ meSveobiTaa warmodgeni-
li antikuri panTeonis warmomadgenelTa niSan-Tvisebebi. mogvia-
nebiT dasavlur mxatvrul azrovnebaSi Cndeba `nivTi~-simbolo _
`graalis Tasi~, romelic evropuli saraindo romanebis erT-erT
mTavar RerZad iqca. paralelurad `nivTebi~ inarCuneben meore,
SedarebiT ufro martiv funqciasac, roca gamodian samkaulis,
anturaJis, dekoraciis nawilis, samoqmedo sivrcis `Semavseblis~
rolSi. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sakmaod rTulia, da
gansakuTrebiT _ mxatvrobaSi, mkveTrad gaimijnos `nivTis~ ide-
ur-simboluri da esTetikuri funqciebi. flamandiuri skolis
mxatvarTa naturmortebSi, renesansul portretebSi Tu impresi-
onistTa kompoziciebSi, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos umiznod moxved-
rili `nivTebi~ moulodnelad bevrad ufro mets yvebian Semoq-
`nivTi~, rogorc drois da kulturuli sivrcis simbolo ... 19
medTa grZnobebze, samyarosadmi damokidebulebaze, epoqaze, dro-

ze, vidre _ Tundac mkveTrad gamoxatuli siuJeti. `nivTebis~
metyvel enas TiTqmis yvela epoqisa da sxvadasxva literaturu-
li Tu xelovnebis mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi iyenebdnen da
iyeneben. zog SemTxvevaSi mxatvrul teqstSi `nivTi~ TiTqmis
srulyofilebas aRwevs, srulad warmoCndeba misi simboluri
mniSvneloba, filosofiuri azris saxierad gamomxatvelis fun-
qcia, ideuri siRrme, esTetikuri daniSnuleba, da `nivTi~ xdeba
nawarmoebis mxatvruli samyaros centri, romelic izidavs da
Tavis orbitaze atrialebs movlenebs, personaJebs, fiqrebs, gan-
cdebs da saSualebas aZlevs mkiTxvels, srulad, udanakargod
Cawvdes mwerlis Canafiqrs, saTqmels da mwerlis mier gamosaxu-
li mxatvruli dro-sivrcis rogorc arss, ise _ mSvenierebas:
Tundac _ rogorc balzakis `Sagrenis tyavSi~ an oskar uaildis
`dorian greis portretSi~.
bunebrivia, `nivTebis~ funqcias yuradReba miaqcia qarTulma
mwerlobamac. droTa ganmavalobaSi icvleboda aqcentebi, Tumca
yvela epoqam Tu calkeulma Semoqmedma Seqmna met-naklebad mdi-
dari, magram, miuxedavad amisa, individualuri niSnebiT aRbeWdi-
li da Zalze mniSvnelovani e. w. `nivTieri veli~. am Tvalsazri-
siT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gansakuTrebiT Sedegiani XX s-is pir-
veli naxevris mwerloba, modernistuli mxatvruli azrovneba
aRmoCnda.
k. gamsaxurdias moTxrobaSi `porcelani~ faifuris Cais
servizi – simbolod gardaqmnili `nivTi~, sagani iWers `salo-
nis~ sivrculi modelis centrs da moqmedebis mTeli azrobrivi
datvirTvac masze gadadis. `nivTi~ sxvadasxva mniSvnelobas iZens.
es aris uZvelesi nakeToba, droSi gadebuli xidi, sxvadasxva
kulturis Sexvedris wertili, droTa kavSiris Semkvreli rgo-
li. igi Tavisi sinatifiTa da mSvenierebiT erTveba omiT, socia-
luri da sulieri ZvrebiT aborgebuli adamianebis cxovrebaSi,
romelTa kuTvnili urbanistuli, racionaluri da civi samyaro
Tavbrudamxvevi siswrafiT mieqaneba win, momavlisaken. magram ase-
Ti ioli `CarTva~ da `SeTviseba~ moCvenebiTia. `nivTs~, romelmac
simbolos funqcia itvirTa, Tavisi Sinaarsi aqvs, Tavisi grZno-
badi veli, romelic gars akravs da mxatvruli qsovilis siR-
rmeSi Camaluli ideis Sesabamis gancdas iwvevs. `nivTi~ SekumSu-
li, gamkvrivebuli, sagnad qceuli dro-sivrcis saxea, romelic
erTveba nawarmoebis mxatvruli drois dinebaSi da xels uwyobs
20 inga milorava
misi mtruli bunebis gaxsnas, drois damangreveli funqciis ga-

mosaxavas. porcelanis muzeumis sacavSi, samarxSi gamoketvas,
rac drois SeCerebas, statikaSi gadasvlas, sagnis WeSmariti da-
niSnulebis – esTetikuri tkbobis miniWebis saSualebis – mospo-
bas gulisxmobs, mwerali aRiqvams, rogorc harmoniuli samyaros
msxvrevas, WeSmariti silamazis daTrgunvas, faseulobaTa siste-
mis rRvevasa da Canacvlebas. marTlac rom `berwma evropam~ gayi-
da rafinirebuli, unaklo silamaze – porcelani da amiT gamoxa-
ta mSvenierebis gaufasureba-dakargvis aSkara safrTxe. `porce-
lanSi~ epoqis kvdomis, Sinagani ganxeTqilebis, erTi drouli
plastis meoriT Secvlis mZime suraTi esTetis TvaliTaa dana-
xuli. `nivTis~ servizis Tvalsawieridan gaqrobiT gawyda kidev
erTi Zafi, romelic adamianebs warsulTan, sxva kulturasTan,
mSvenierebasTan akavSirebs da sakuTar TavTan gaucxoebis kedels
gadaalaxvinebs. am SemTxvevaSi `nivTi~ TiTqos mxolod erTi pa-
tara wertilia uzarmazar samyaroSi, magram es aris materiali-
zebuli, xelSesaxebi mSveniereba, romelsac xavsiviT unda moeWi-
dos adamiani, magram amasac arTmeven da mas sicariele, damcroba
da gaufasureba elis.
zog SemTxvevaSi swored `nivTebis~ ganlageba da mdgomare-
oba gamoxatavs nawarmoebSi asaxuli drois dinebas, is mianiSnebs
droTa kavSiris arsebobaze an, piriqiT, xazs usvams droTa kav-
Siris rRvevas. n. lorTqifaniZis `dangreul budeebSi~ mwerali
awmyos arss vizualuri deesTetizebis xerxiT warmoaCens, sama-
gierod, imave sivrceze alag-alag àmagrebs~ naglej-naglej Se-
monaxul warsuls, romelic marTlac mSvenieria. am ori sapi-
rispiro suraTis erT CarCoSi SeerTebiT iqmneba aRwerili mov-
lenebidan miRebuli grZnobad-emociuri STabeWdilebis asaxvis da
mxatvrul saxeebSi damajereblad gamosaxvis pirobebi.
`dangreul budeebSi~ mxolod `nivTebis~ Sesabamisi ganla-
gebiTa da peizaJuri cvlilebebis aRweriT SesaZlebeli gaxda
`winaT~ _ àxla~ opoziciis Sinaarsis srulad gadmocema, dro-
is funqciis gansazRvra. mwerali ar asaxavs drois msvlelobas,
naCvenebia mxolod Sedegi. Sedegebidan ki Cans, rom dro ngrevis
wyaroa. da es aisaxa peizaJze da `nivTebze~, peizaJiTa da `nivTe-
biT~. peizaJi: `koSksa hgavs, magram igi gadamwvari saxlis gadar-
Cenili buxaria~, `daRvremili Tone~, `TmagaCeCili nalia~, `mop-
ranWulsaxian marans loTiviT guli gadauReRia~, `mZinare sawna-
xeli~, `namexari xeebi~, sarevela, broweulis kokrebi da may-
vlis marcvlebi, rogorc tuCebi da cremlebi. ezo, kar-midamo,

nagebobebi sulieri arsebebis Tvisebebs iZenen, itanjebian, xevde-
bian, kvdebian da awmyos Tvisobriobas TavianTi mdgomareobiT ga-
moxataven.
`nivTebi~: àm oTaxSi ki namdvili zRapruli ambavi xdebo-
da. erTmaneTs Caxuteboda vercxlis gvirgvini, nazi xuTfolaqia-
ni qalis sabalo xelTaTmani, damtvreuli skamebi, kubos farCa,
lampis SuSa, uZvelesi xelnawerebi, aWedili patara kolofi,
JangiT SeWmuli utar-uqarqaSo xmali, romelzedac grZel xel-
weraSi Zlivs gavarCie... `giorgi saakaZisagan~... savarZlebi, et-
lis baliSebi, da maT Soris Tixis veeberTela qoTanSi magno-
lia~ (lorTqifaniZe 1950: 295).
sruli qaosia, iseTive, rogoric sufevs im samyaroSi, im
àwmyoSi~, romelSic Tavi moiyares am `nivTebma~. magram aseT
usistemo ganlagebas Sinagani kanonzomiereba da mizandasaxuloba
aqvs: misi meSveobiT unda aRiZras sazogadoebrivi, socialuri,
politikuri, zneobrivi, msoflmxedvelobrivi struqturebis
msxvrevis SegrZneba da am procesis Tanmdevi imedis, mSvenierebis
da harmoniis gaqrobis gancda. `nivTebis~ meSveobiT gadmocemu-
lia adamianis sacxovrisis _ budis, misi kuTvnili droisa da
Sinagani samyaros wesrigis ngrevis tragikuli suraTi.
ngrevisa da gapartaxebis, faseulobaTa cvlilebis da gan-
wirulobis SegrZnebis gadmosacemad `nivTebis~ imave funqcias
iyenebs mixeil javaxiSvilic `jayos xiznebSi~. marTalia, es ar
aris modernistuli teqsti, magram, rogorc Cans, empiriuli
dro-sivrce, realoba mTeli ZaliT iWreba mxatvrul qsovilSi
da ukve TviTon sTavazobs mxatvrul saxeebad gardasaqmnel ti-
pur suraTebs.
`kedelSi Catanebuli muxis farTe ganjinebi, isic xaratiT
nakeTebi, iaraRis aseTive saWurWle da sawigne savsea myrali
loginiT, jagriT da matliT.
aqa-iq gafantulia xevisTavTa gvareulobis ganTqmuli iara-
Ri: javSnebi, muzaradebi, perangebi, sabarkulebi da samklaurebi,
Cafxutebi da asnairi Tofi da maxvili: laxvari orpiri, bun-
grZeli, pirprtyeli da bunzomieri; saTxedebi, xelSubebi, geone-
bi, xiStebi, zufanebi, libadakebi, gmierebi. sirma, siaTa, yirimi,
franguli, damski, daRestnuri, gorda da mravalnairi xanjali
da xmali.
22 inga milorava
erTi pirmomtvreuli Zveli xanjali da gordas xmali ai-

vanze eyarnen. saca fiCxsa da wnels gorda-xmliT sWridnen, ram-
denime Zveli fari sarqvelis magivrad WurebisTvis da kasrebis-
Tvis daexurnaT. Zveli franguli da yirimuli xarixebad gadae-
keTebinaT da zed akidoebi CamoekidnaT.
saxlSi arc erTi wigni aRar moipoveboda. Teimurazis mamis
suraTi, feradebiT naxati da mSvenier mooqrovil CarCoSi Casmu-
li, xonCad aris gamoyenebuli. xatebi da uZvelesi wignebis yde-
bi mwnilebis da yvelis qilebisTvis dauxuravT.
saxlis ukan gaSenebuli yvavilnari, sadac winaT iSviaTi
jiSis vard-yvavili iyo moSenebuli, exla savsea didi yviTel-
wiTeli gogrebiT, mzesuWvriteTi, simindiT da lobioTi.
winaT sanaxevrod micemuli da kargad napatronebi venaxi
exla jagnarad gadaqceula, xexili da vazi gafarCxula da li-
axvis Walas dahmsgavsebia~ (qarTuli... 2006: 232).
aqac erT sivrcul modelSi paralelurad dafenilia `wi-
naT~ da èxla~ (àxla~). peizaJi da `nivTebis~ ganlageba sru-
lad gadmoscems imave tragikul ambavs – epoqis rRvevis, fesve-
bis amoZirkvis, sakuTari budis ngrevis da adamianisTvis am sam-
yaroSi adgilis warTmevis, warsulis sruli gaufasurebis su-
raTs.
m. javaxiSvili amave teqstSi cota ufro adrec iyenebs
`nivTebis~ _ drois maxasiaTeblebis funqcias. mis mier aRweri-
li maRaziaSi gasayidad gamotanili `nivTebis~ suraTi aRZravs
ngrevisa da qaosis imgvarive SegrZnebas, rogoric `dangreul bu-
deebSia~ mocemuli. Tumca am SemTxvevaSi mwerali iqve ganmar-
tavs mizezs – lukma puris arqonas da Seufaravad gamoxatavs
movlenis Sinaarssac – maRaziebSi saqveynod gamofenil, gasayidad
gamotanil `nivTebTan~ erTad iyideba warsuli, awmyo da momava-
li, iyideba adamianebis cxovreba, maTi grZnobebi, iTeleba, knin-
deba da samudamod ikargeba epoqa, Rirseba, saZirkveli, imedi da
sicocxle.
`ra ar iyo am maRaziebSi saqveynod gatanili erT lukma
purisTvis! kabebi da sacvali, WurWeli da suraTebi, wignebi da
albomebi, samkauli da saTamaSo, naqargi da naqsovi, naCuqari da
saxsovari, col-qmrobis, daniSvnis, jvrisweris, da-Zmobis, mama-
Svilobis da megobrobis aTasnairi wvrilmani, uTvalavi mogone-
biT aRsavse, natifi naxelovnebi, intimuri da Zvirfasi nivTi.
yovel nivTs _ beWedsa da sayures, samajurs da koxta

sarkes, vercxlis saTuTunes, qalis naqsov xelis qisas, farCis
korsetsa da qarvis krialosans, spilos Zvlis saTamaSos da
brinjaos qandaks, faifuris vazas da moqargul oqronemsuls,
fer-umarilis WurWelsa da atlasis saTamaSo qaRalds, saqor-
wilo TeTr kabas da abreSumis windebs – uklebliv yvelafers
hqonda Tavisi romani da warsuli, sixaruli da dardi, sicili
da cremli, intimuri istoria da ucxo Tavgadasavali. imediani
dasawyisi da sevdiani dasasruli~ (qarTuli... 2006: 210).
swored es mizezTa mizezi _ lukma puri da drois daman-
greveli Zala _ udevs safuZvlad vasil barnovis moTxrobas
`sadedoflo sartyeli~. mxatvruli qsovilis centrSi moTavse-
buli `nivTis~ _ sadedoflo sartylis – irgvliv gamkvrivda da
Semoikriba droc da samoqmedo sivrcec. oRond am SemTxvevaSi
mweralma kidev ufro siRrmiseul Sres miapyro mzera da Ziri-
Tadi idea, mZime, tragikuli SegrZneba _ àmao amaoebaTa~ _ `niv-
TTan~ dakavSirebuli ori drouli segmentisa da lirikuli
planis monacvleobiT gamoxata.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi mTavari gmiri gogia axalgazrdaa, gare-
mo _ mSvenieri, brwyinvale, bednieri. qorwilSi pirvelad gamoC-
nda sadedoflo sartyeli, rogorc _ naTeli, imediani, uRrub-
lo samyaros nivTieri gamoxatuleba.
lirikul gadaxvevaSi mweralma warmoaCina moTxrobis az-
robrivi dasayrdeni: `naxe walkotSi zamTris susxiT danazrobi
yvavilTa jgufi, agktiva guli: aRar damrCala arc nasaxi maT
siturfisa. ager gamxmara, mtvrad qceula turfa, amayi; aha, Cam-
pala es surneli bilila nazi.
amao amaoebaTa! magram...~ (barnovi 1962: 122).
meore droul segmentSi ukve daberebuli, cecxldaSreti-
li gogia maRaziaSi lukma purisTvis gasayidad gamotanil niv-
TebSi dainaxavs sadedoflo sartyels. bednieri samyaro, romel-
sac Tavis TavSi inaxavda sartyeli, daimsxvra, daxurdavda da
maRaziaSi umweod gamoifina, gasayidad. am SemTxvevaSi sartylis
`bedma~, `nivTma~ warmoaCina ara mxolod erTi epoqis tragedia,
aramed, zogadad, adamianuri yofis, drois dinebis tragizmi _
àmao amaoebaTa!~.
mweralma gamoiyena `nivTebis~ TiTqmis yvela funqcia; `sa-
dedoflo sartyeli Tavis TavSi inaxavs gardasul dros, xsov-
nas. maRaziis vitrinebSi qaoturad ganlagebuli `nivTebis~ meS-
24 inga milorava
veobiT aRiZvris dangreuli epoqis SegrZneba: `yvelanairi nivTebi

elaga farTo fanjrebSi~, ZvelisZveli simdidre saojaxo: mooW-
vili xmali, vercxlis CarCoiani sarke, vin icis, ramdeni saxe
iyo mis minazed aRbeWdili? SeWedili dambaCa taliani, SirmiT
morTuli savarZeli, bajaRlos farculi, muzaradi, raRaca war-
weriT, xmlis piri rom etyoboda Sublzed, isarTan... vin mos-
Tvlis? (barnovi 1962: 124). `nivTebis~ gayidvis mizezis ganmar-
tebam gasagebi gaxada epoqis Sinaarsi: ìci Sen, ra Rvarmac gamo-
itana es mZimed daculi simdidre salaroebidan da duqanSi gamo-
riya? iseTi Zala moipova mWadma, veRaraferi gaumagrda mas.
cxraklituli rkinis karebebi Calewa misma Zlierebam. wamoaca-
riela uryeveli saunjeebi~ (barnovi 1962: 122). sabolood ki am
safuZvelze gamoikveTa siRrmiseuli, modernistuli msoflmxed-
velobisTvis niSneuli daskvna: àmao amoebaTa!~
rogori bedic unda ergoT `nivTebs~ mxatvrul qsovilSi,
isini TiTqmis yovelTvis inarCuneben erT-erT umTavres _ xsov-
nis Semnaxavis, droTa kavSiris Semkvrelis _ funqcias. v. barno-
vis moTxrobaSi `Zvirfasi Tvali~ `nivTma~ _ sagvareulo ganZma
_ Zvirfasma Tvalma – erTmaneTs daukavSira warsuli, awmyo da
momavali. igi gulisxmobs gvaris Rirsebas, tradicias, gardasu-
lis xsovnas da misi mfarvelobis ZaliT ikveTeba saimedo moma-
vali (analogiur rols asrulebs modeli `miwa-mamuli~ n. lor-
TqifaniZis `dangreul budeebSi~). Zvirfasi Tvali, rogorc wina-
parTa sulieri monapovris nivTieri gamoxatuleba, awmyoSi ga-
darCenili da daculi, safuZvels uyris momavals.
usaxuri awmyodan naTeli, bednieri warsulisaken gadebul
xidad warmodgnen `nivTebi~ n. lorTqifaniZis miniaturebSi `bi-
usti~ da àlbomi~. biustma Semoinaxa werili-xsovna da àxla~,
dangreul awmyoSi, uceb gacocxlda da aelvarda gardasuli
dReebis samyaro.
leo qiaCelis moTxrobaSi `Tavadis qali maia~ `nivTebi~ bi-
ografiul dros, xsovnas, gardasul movlenebs inaxaven. maias
TiToeuli samkauli misi cxovrebis TiTo Tavia da erTad mTel
sicocxles moicaven.
ài, es beWdebi SemrCa mxolod da es samajuri! maT Tvaleb-
Si Cemi bedis yvela safexuria aRbeWdili da sicocxle da sik-
vdili imdeni vaJkacis, ramdenic xelze beWedi maqvs da samaju-
ri~ (qiaCeli 1985: 276).
maia, romelic midis zRvasTan, raTa mis talRebSi povos

aRsasruli, saTiTaod ixsnis am `nivTebs~. yovel maTgans Tavisi
ambavi aqvs, maT irgvliv ganfenilia warmosaxviTi veli, romel-
Sic mudmivad arsebobs gardasuli movlenebi da grZnobebi. Tava-
dis qali maia nel-nela atans zRvas Tavis samkaulebs, Tavis
xsovnas, Tavis codvebs, siyvaruls, siZulvils... mTel sicoc-
xles. yovlis ganmwmend wyalSi dainTqa `nivTebSi~ Senaxuli
mTeli cxovreba da mxolod amis Semdeg miiRo zRvam da sik-
vdilma daSretili, sasomixdili qalis sxeuli.
warsuls, gardasul dReebs inaxaven da acocxleben `nivTe-
bi~ Tinos bebiisTvis (n. lorTqifaniZe, `Selocva radioTi~). am
SemTxvevaSi SemorCenili ubralo `nivTebi~ awmyoTi SeZrul,
TiTqmis ganadgurebul qals saSualebas aZleven ipovos Sveba,
cota xniT mainc daubrundes bednier warsuls, xsovnis meSveo-
biT aRidginos sulieri simSvide.
garemos, moqmedebis, movlenis arsis gadmocemisas da esTe-
tizebulad gamosaxvis procesSi modernistul teqstSi saxeob-
rivi sistema iSleba da sam Tanmimdevrul doneze lagdeba: 1) sa-
moqmedo sivrce; 2) `nivTebi~ _ yvela funqciiT; 3) adamiani,
romlis mdgomareoba, bediswera, qmedebis motivacia da pirovnu-
li niSan-Tvisebebi ganisazRvreba da Semdeg TvalsaCino xdeba
`nivTebTan~ mimarTebiT, maTi meSveobiT. roca samive done gaaqti-
urebulia, saTqmelis zustad, xatovnad da lakoniurad gamoxat-
visaTvis maqsimalurad xelsayreli garemo iqmneba. niko lorTqi-
faniZis miniaturaSi ìngliseli~ moqmedeba SemosazRvrul siv-
rceSi _ `yavaxana~ _ da ukiduresad dakumSul droSi xdeba,
magram moicavs adamianebis mTel sicocxles. ramdenime wuTSi in-
gliseli eziareba udides siyvaruls da upasuxo grZnobis gamo
kvdeba. aseve ramdenime wuTSi, `yavaxanidan~ gausvlelad, aRmoa-
Cens qmari, rom misi umSvenieresi coli usulgulo, ugrZnobi
arseba yofila da samudamod Sordeba. am ukiduresad dakumSuli
mxatvruli dro-sivrcis centrSi moTavsebulia `nivTi~ _ beWe-
di, romelmac Semokriba mxatvruli qsovili da xeli Seuwyo
saTqmelis srulad gamoxatvas. beWdis saSualebiT gamoTqva in-
gliselma Tavisi grZnoba, `nivTTan~ _ beWedTan mimarTebiT ga-
moCnda qalis WeSmariti saxe. swored `nivTis~ aqtiurma funqci-
obam misca saSualeba mwerals ukiduresad mozRudul samoqmedo
sivrceSi moqceuli masStaburi movlena mwiri gamomsaxvelobiTi
saSualebebiT srulad gamoexata. mTeli cxovreba `wamier~ STa-
26 inga milorava
beWdilebebSi `Caetia~ da amasTan sruli mxatvruli damajereb-

loba mieniWebina ambisa da xasiaTebisaTvis. samive donea gaaqtiu-
rebuli m. javaxiSvilis givi Saduris ciklis erT-erT moTxro-
baSi `wiTeli Rili~. Tumca mweralma gaafarToa samoqmedo siv-
rcec, or damoukidebel nawilad gayo da aseve, or droiT seg-
mentSi moaqcia tragikuli movlenebi, adamianebis mTeli cxovre-
ba, grZnobebi, sikvdili. warsuls da awmyos erTmaneTTan swored
pawawina xidi _ `nivTi~ _ wiTeli Rili akavSirebs, romelic
inaxavs saidumlos da movlenebis gasaRebsac. is sasaflaos sev-
dian sivrceSi aelvarda, rogorc gardasulis, vnebis, codvis pa-
tara wiTeli naperwkali. am SemTxvevaSi `nivTis~ simbolur
mniSvnelobas aRrmavebs wiTeli feri, romelsac Tavisi tradici-
uli datvirTva aqvs. aseve nawarmoebis koncepcias gamoxatavs Sa-
vi xaverdis kaba m. javaxiSvilis moTxrobaSi `Savi kaba~. adamia-
nis tanjvas, sikvdilis garduvalobis, unugeSo sevdis gamomxat-
veli sagnis – kabis mniSvnelobis gamosakveTad Sav ferTan erTad
faqturacaa moxmobili, xaverdi STanTqavs sinaTles. ASavi xaver-
dis kaba gamoxatavs adamianis gamouval mdgomareobas, romelSic
imedis patara sxivic ki arsad Cans.
saerTod, mxatvrul teqstSi `nivTebi~, sagnebi xSirad iZe-
nen feriT funqcias. SesaZloa, maTi ferebs arc hqondes raime
simboluri datvirTva, magram nawarmoebis samoqmedo sivrceSi
ganlagebuli sagnebidan, `nivTebidan~ aRZruli feriTi asociacie-
bi qmnian samoqmedo garemos, ferwerulobis, feradovnebis Seg-
rZnebas. SesaZlebelia sagnis, `nivTis~ meSveobiT feris konstru-
ireba, kompoziciaSi moqcevac, rasac yvelaze xSirad k. gamsaxur-
dia iyenebs. sapirispirod _ sruliad konkretul, dasaxelebul
da Tanac, Zireul ferebs aniWebs `nivTebs~ leo qiaCeli moT-
xrobaSi `scalade~. am SemTxvevaSi wiTel-yviTeli mosasxami da
Savi niRabi ar Seicavs `nivTis~ arc erT funqcias: isini arc
droTa kavSirs gamoxataven, arc drois Sinaarss, arc movlenaTa
msvlelobas ganapirobeben da arc pirovnebis fsiqologiuri maxa-
siaTeblis rolSi gamodian. `nivTebi~ _ mosasxami da niRabi –
karnavalis tradiciuli atributebi – mwerals modernistuli
azrovnebis sayrdeni filosofiuri ideis – samyaros iluzoru-
lobis, realobis Secnobis SeuZleblobis – gamosaxatavad sWir-
deba. `yoveli sinamdvile warmodgenaa da yoveli warmodgena si-
namdvile~ (qiaCeli 1984: 340). es debuleba moTxrobaSi mosasxa-
mis da niRbis meSveobiT dasturdeba, roca xeze Camokidebuli
`nivTebi~ adamianebs cocxali qali hgoniT da qali ki am dros

maTTan erTad dgas da mware sarkazmiT Sescqeris adamianebis um-
weobas, Seicnon arsebobis WeSmariteba: `rogor mogwons Cemi
idea? ar gagonebs gana es suraTi TviT kacobriobas, mis brZo-
las, mis cxovrebas? ra kargia: gana ase tyuilad ar ibrZvis ka-
cobrioba? gana ase TavdaviwyebiT ar epotineba raRac ideals,
romelic bolos da bolos iseTive sisulelea, rogorc xeze Ca-
mokidebuli Cemi niRabi da wiTel-yviTeliani mosasxami?~ (qiaCe-
li 1984: 342). `nivTebma~ gamoxates zmanebisa da cxadis uxilav
zRvarze gaSlili modernistuli samyaros tragikuli arsi:
`Tvali gvatyuebs, miakuTvnebs ra mzis Tvisebas yvavils, romel-
sac Cven vumzerT; yuri gvatyuebs, miiCnevs ra haeris rxevas
mowkriale zaris Tvisebad. mTeli Cveni cxovreba gvatyuebs...~
(briusovi 1973: 92).
zmanebisa da cxadis, realuris da irealuris urTierTmi-
marTebis gamosaxatavad iyenebs `nivTebs~ – xelovnur yvavilebs
– v. barnovi moTxrobaSi `yvavilebi~. am SemTxvevaSi xelovnuri
yvavilebi `nivTis~ damaxasiaTebel mraval funqcias iZens. maTi
meSveobiT mwerali mxatvrul qsovilSi gamosaxavs samyaros
iluzorulobis SegrZnebas da misTvis Zalian mniSvnelovan me-
temfsiqozis ideasac, romelic saTaves platonis filosofiaSi
iRebs. maxinji, kuziani babuca sruliad ucxo, martosuli da
ubeduria, sicocxle azrs da fers kargavs misTvis. magram Tan-
daTanobiT is iwyebs sxva, winare cxovrebis gaxsenebas, roca
ulamazesi iyo. im miRmur samyaroSi Cadenili codvisTvis, siyva-
rulis uaryofisTvis daisaja da awmyoSi maxinji sxeuli Seisxa.
igi cdilobs, gaixsenos is mSvenieri garemo, romelSic bednieri,
srulyofili iyo, sadac mSvenieri yvavilebi ertya gars. zmane-
bismierTan damakavSirebel xidad iqcnen `nivTebi~ _ xelovnuri
yvavilebi, romlTac babuca sakuTari xeliT qmnis. mweralma ga-
mosaxa Semoqmedebis meSveobiT adamianis gadarCenis, Svebis Ziebi-
sa da povnis suraTi, warmosaxviT, iluzorul samyaroSi `gaqce-
uli~ adamianis sulis moZraoba. `nivTebma~ _ xelovnurma yvavi-
lebma SeiZines xsovnis funqcia, oRond es aris babucas winare
cxovrebis xsovna. isini asruleben droTa kavSiris Semkvrelis
funqciasac, magram es ara realuri warsulis, aramed idumali,
amoucnobi, iluzoruli metafizikuri samyarosa da realuris
kavSiria. marTalia, yvavilebma ferebi Semates babucas moquf-
rul, nacrisfer cxovrebas, magram isini xelovnuria, maSasadame,
28 inga milorava
maTi feradovnebac da surnelic moCvenebiTi, yalbia. namdvili

yvavilebi ki iq, im winare cxovrebaSi darCa, iq yvavian, iq af-
rqveven surnels. xilul, realur awmyoSi yvelaferi yalbia _
babucas sxeulic da yvavilebic, zmanebismier, irealur samyaroSi
ki imaleba WeSmariteba. mxatvruli qsovilis sxva elementebTan
erTad `nivTebic~ _ xelovnuri yvavilebic – gamokveTs ideas,
rom realoba mxolod miRmuris arasruli anareklia.
modernistulma mwerlobam marTlac rom srulad da mra-
valmxriv gamoiyena `nivTis~ mxatvruli SesaZleblobebi, magram
Semoqmedebis Sedegis Secnoba Zalze rTuli procesia da misi
`mibma~ `nivTTan~ an mxatvruli qsovilis romelime sxva elemen-
tTan gadaWarbeba iqneboda. `nivTi~ mxolod erT-erTi Zafia mra-
valTagan, romlebic miemarTebian Semoqmedis warmosaxvaSi war-
moqmnili samyaros siRrmisken. es samyaro ki bevrad ufro rTu-
ladaa mowyobili, vidre erTi SexedviT an Tundac xangrZlivi
ganWvretiT Cans. ase rom, `rodesac xelovneba esTetikuri intu-
iciis ZaliT gviSlis suraTs, romlis xilva silogizmisa da
logikis saSualebiT ar ZalgviZs, unda davtkbeT am suraTiT da
vlocavdeT im SemoqmedebiT niWs, romlis wyalobiT uxilavi
xdeba CvenTvis xilulad da SeuZlebeli SesaZleblad~ (jorjaZe
1989: 47).
damowmebani:
barnovi 1962: barnovi v., TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. t. VI.

Tb., gamomcemloba `sabWoTa mwerali~, 1962.
briusovi 1973: Брюсов В., Вопросы поэтики. Т. VII. М., 1973.
lorTqifaniZe 1950: lorTqifaniZe n., rCeuli Txzulebani. t. I.
Tb., gamomcemloba `merani~, 1950.
qarTuli... 2006: qarTuli literatura (XX s.)., qrestomaTia.
Tb., gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~, 2006.
qiaCeli 1984: qiaCeli l., Txzulebani. t. I. Tb., gamomcemloba
`ganaTleba~, 1984.
qiaCeli 1985: qiaCeli l., Txzulebani oTx tomad. Tb., gamomcem-
loba `merani~, 1985.
jorjaZe 1989: jorjaZe a., werilebi. Tb., gamomcemloba `merani~,
1989.
ada nemsaZe
kitriani aryis boTli / mzis

amosvlis kunZuli
(ori qronotopuli simbolos
analizisaTvis)
`mxolod simboloa maradiuli. anda, maradi-

uloba mxolod simboloebis saxiT arsebobs.
ase rom, rac ufro meti simbolo gveqneba,
miT ufro iolad gavitanT Tavs am gaZaRle-
bul wuTisofelSi~
(o. WilaZe).
oTar WilaZis mxatvruli sistemis

centraluri RerZi sikeTe/borotebis ma-
radiuli dapirispirebaa, rasac mwerali
sxvadasxva romanSi gansxvavebul dro-
sivrcul modelebSi asxams xorcs. qro-
notopis kvlevebSi aRniSnulia, rom
`drouli da sivrculi koordinatebi
warmoadgenen nawarmoebis ara marto kar-
kass, aramed misi Sinaarsis organizebis
yvelaze realur saSualebebs~ (gei 1975:
277). oTar WilaZe sikeTe/borotebis
opoziciis mxatvruli gansaxovnebisaTvis
erTgvar simboloebs qmnis, romelTac
qronotopuli SeiZleba vuwodoT. swo-
red maTSia mxatvruli teqstis mTavari
saTqmeli kodirebuli. amjerad Cveni mi-
zania ori konkretuli saxis analizi:
mzis amosvlis kunZuli (àvelumi~) da
kitriani aryis boTli (`rkinis Teat-
ri~). o. WilaZis mxatvrul sistemaSi
30 ada nemsaZe
aseTi, erTi SexedviT, uCveulo saxeebi Tu pasaJebi arc mou-

lodnelia da, miT ufro, arc SemTxveviTi. zemoxsenebuli ori
simboluri saxec sabWoTa imperiis mier Seqmnili Caketili dro-
sivrcis reprezentacias emsaxureba, erTi pirdapiri Cvenebis
gziT (kitriani aryis boTli), meore ki sawinaaRmdego parale-
lebiT (mzis amosvlis kunZuli). tropis orive saxe Seicavs da-
matebiT gamaZlierebel elementebs (kitri, arayi, siSiSvle, kun-
Zuli, mze, zRva...), rac kidev ufro afarToebs maT mniSvnelo-
bebs.
àvelumi~ `borotebis imperiis~ ngrevis siRrmiseuli ana-
lizis warmomsaxveli romania. aq sikeTe/boroteba ori imperiis
saxiT upirispirdeba erTmaneTs, erTia àvelumis siyvarulis im-
peria~, meore ki - `sabWoTa imperia~; pirveli realurad arsebu-
lia, meore mxolod gmiris personalur sivrceSia, Tumc, amis
miuxedavad, igi gacilebiT saSiSia pirvelisaTvis, rogorc ar-
sobrivad misi opozicia. amitomac iyo, rom àvelumis mikroimpe-
riis, anu misi mravalsaxa, magram erT sul da erT xorc siyva-
rulis Cakvlasa da gabiabruebas gadahyva Tan msoflioSi erT-er-
Ti udidesi saxelmwifo, umkacresi imperia~ (WilaZe 2007: 13).
mwerali simboloebs damatebiTi qvesimboloebiT aZlierebs, rom-
lebic siRrmiseulad da sivrculad iSlebian teqstSi da cxov-
rebis yvela realur Tu warmosaxviT sferos moicaven. sivrce aq
yvelaze SexuTuli, viwro da arajansaRia, bednierebis misaRwe-
vad yvelaze didi xelisSemSleli faqtori. mas ki qmnis erTmor-
wmune mezobeli, romelic xan `gubernias~ eZaxda moferebiT, xan
`respublikas~. amasobaSi ki dRiTidRe ebzareboda da erRveoda
saukuneobiT nagebi cixe-galavani zneobisa, patiosnebisa, kdemamo-
silebisa~ (WilaZe 2007: 297). erTmorwmune mezoblis mier sam-
yaroSi SemosazRvruli sivrce SeuZlebelia, sakmarisi aRmoCndes
erisTvis, rac unda didi iyos igi. radgan Tavisufleba TviTon
awesebs sakuTar sazRvrebs, vinmes mier dadebuli ukve misi Sez-
Rudvaa. ìmperiuli modelis warmosaxvas emsaxureba sabWoTa
sivrcis warmosaxva saknad, romlis patimrebadac miiCneven Tavs
avelumi da fransuaza. SemosazRvruli sivrcis mxatvruli saxea
romanSi minosis labirinTic - es uzarmazari da Tan saocrad
SezRuduli garemo, sadac Tavs verasodes grZnob bednierad, sa-
dac sul viRac giTvalTvalebs, romlidan gamosasvleladac au-
kitriani aryis boTli / mzis amosvlis kunZuli 31
cileblad gWirdeba ariadnes Zafis gorgali, radgan marto amas

ver moaxerxeb da bunebrivia, aseT sivrceSi verc verasodes mi-
aRwev im netar gancdas, Tavisufleba rom hqvia~ (nemsaZe 2009:
114-115).
uaRresad sainteresoa àvelumis~ sivrculi struqtura.
aq erTiani sivrce ar gvaqvs, igi ramdenime nawiladaa daSlili,
romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. pirveli
maTgani aris `sabWoTa imperia~, is adgili, sadac avelums uwevs
cxovreba. aqedan wasvlis survilis SemTxvevaSic ki (Tuki aseT
rames odesme isurvebs), igi ver datovebs mas, radgan aq mkacrad
kontroldeba yvelaferi, TviT ucxoeTidan Semosuli sasiyvaru-
lo werilebic ki, xolo aqedan samogzaurod mimaval moqalaqes
uSiSroebis ramdenime agenti mihyveba Tan (gavixsenoT avelumis
safrangeTSi samogzaurod wasvlis epizodi romanidan). meore
sivrce aris sabWoTa imperiis gareT arsebuli samyaro, romelSi
moxvedrac TiTqmis SeuZlebelia pirveli sivrcis mkvidrTaTvis.
xolo mesame sivrced SesaZloa ganvixiloT personaJis persona-
luri sivrce, mxolod mis cnobierebaSi arsebuli da, aqedan ga-
momdinare, SeuzRudavi yovelgvari kanoniTa Tu normiT. swored
am sivrceSi axdens avelumi sakuTari pirovnebis formirebas, aq
SeuZlia mas fransuazas siyvaruli Tamamad, Tumc gare sivrceebi
(vgulisxmobT Cven mier dasaxelebul pirvel da meore sivrce-
ebs), yvelanairad uSlis xels am siyvarulSi.
Cven mier gansaxilveli simboloc - mzis amosvlis kunZu-
li - meore sivrcis Semadgeneli nawilia da masSi fokusirebu-
lia Tavisufali sivrcis yvela maxasiaTebeli. kunZuli fransua-
zas bebiam ipova da kurortad aqcia, wesebic TviTonve daudgina:
aq dasasveneblad Camosul adamians ekrZaleba tansacmlis tareba.
`SiSvlad siaruli fransuazas bebiam da misma megobarma daam-
kvidres Turme am kunZulze. maSin kunZuli jer kidev ukacuri
yofila TiTqmis - mavTulxlarTebiT SemosazRvruli samxedro-
sazRvao bazis garda, sul ramdenime qoxmaxi mdgara... titvlebi
imzadebdnen saWmels, titvlebi Wamdnen, titvlebs sZuldaT da
titvlebs uyvardaT erTmaneTi... aq sxvisi siSiSvlisTvis yurad-
Rebis miqceva iseve miuRebelia, rogorc tangauxdeli siaruli.
rasakvirvelia, ZaliT aravin gagxdiT, magram TeTri viriviT ga-
morCeuli ki iqnebiT sul, axlos aravin gagikarebT, radgan Seni
32 ada nemsaZe
Cacmuloba, upirveles yovlisa, maTi siSiSvlis gamomJRavnebas

niSnavs. marili ki swored siSiSvlis arSemCnevaa, misTvis yurad-
Rebis armiqcevaa da ara piriqiT...~ (WilaZe 2007: 117-118). mzis
amosvlis kunZuli `borotebis imperiis~ mier SemosazRvruli
totalitaruli sivrcis opoziciuri simboloa. aq pirovnuli
Tavisuflebis umaRlesi xarisxi denotaciurad garegnuli utan-
sacmlobiTaa gamoxatuli. gavixsenoT pirveli adamianebis yofa
samoTxeSi: RvTaebriv arsTan erTianobis gancda pirvelma adamian-
ma swored maSin dakarga, roca Sescoda da sakuTari siSiSvle
sircxvilad aRiqva. amas mohyva bednierebis SegrZnebisa da RvTis
mier misTvis Seqmnili samoTxis dakargvac. oTar WilaZis àve-
lumSic~ es bibliuri paradigma SeiniSneba. fransuazas bebia kun-
Zulze qmris Ralatis Semdeg midis da axal cxovrebaSi pou-
lobs simSvides. mzis amosvlis kunZuli is sivrcea, sadac bed-
nierebis miRweva realuri xdeba. es simboluri saxe konotaciur
doneze uamrav sxva maxasiaTebels moiazrebs. yuradRebas SevaCe-
rebT erT detalze: safrangeTSi Casuli avelumi fransuazasTan
erTad apirebs kunZulze gamgzavrebas, magram ver axerxebs. Cveni
azriT, es, erTi SexedviT, umniSvnelo pasaJi didi da faruli
datvirTvis matarebelia. `sabWoTa tusaRi~ (rogorc avtori
uwodebs Tavis gmirs) Sinaganad ver Tavisufldeba, amitomac ver
warmoudgenia mas, rogor unda gaiaros fransuazas mSoblebis
winaSe sruliad SiSvelma. eris koleqtiur cnobierebaSi ise
Rrmad sZinavs pirovnuli Tavisuflebis SegrZnebas, rom mis ze-
dapirze amotanas Taobebis gamocdileba sWirdeba. avelumis Tao-
ba amas ver axerxebs, am brZolas ekaekaterinekatos Taoba iwyebs.
simboloTa leqsikonebSi aRniSnulia kunZulis ori gan-
sxvavebuli simboluri mniSvneloba: erTi mxriv, igi izolaciisa
da martoobis adgilia, meore mxriv ki _ usafrTxo, qaosis Za-
lebisagan daculi sivrce (simboloTa...). àvelumSi~ mzis amos-
vlis kunZulSi orive es mniSvneloba erTdeba da erTian dadebiT
vels qmnis. igi kidev ufro Zlierdeba wylisa da mzis velebiT,
romlebic, Tavis mxriv, sinaTlis, siwmindis, simarTlis, sicoc-
xlis mniSvnelobebs Seicaven. amrigad, kunZuli mxolod hori-
zontaluradaa dasazRvruli (vgulisxmobT SemosazRvrulobas
sibrtyeze), vertikalur sivrceSi igi usasrulod iSleba mzis-
ken, rac Tavisuflebis usazRvro gancdas badebs. rac Seexeba me-
ore simbolur saxes - kitriani aryis boTls _ igi mkacrad

aris sivrceSi SemosazRvruli yoveli mxridan. aq mxolod erTi
opozicia SegviZlia ganvixiloT - SigniT/gareT.
g. asaTiani oTar WilaZis Semoqmedebis analizisas aRniSnavs,
rom mwerlis amosavali wertili aris simbolika. mis prozaSi
mxatvruli saxeebidan gamorCeuli adgili uWiravs `simbolosken
mimaval `naturas~ anu gasimboloebul `naturas~. `natura~ anu sa-
gani gadaizrdeba simboloSi da ukve miRebuli simbolo aq kargavs
Tavis pirvandel sagnobriv funqcias. aseTebia saaTis gasaRebi, bedi-
as Toki, revolveri, friqses wyaro, germanelis baRi da a. S. (asa-
Tiani 1977: 34). am simboloTa rigs uTuod daamSvenebs Cven mier
saanalizod warmodgenili kitriani aryis boTlic. igi Jurulebis
ojaxSi inaxeba da erTdroulad aris rogorc am erTi ojaxis
cxovrebis metaforuli saxe, aseve - farTo mniSvnelobiT _ imperi-
is SezRuduli, dakanonebuli sivrcis niSanic. kitriani aryis boT-
li Jurulebis ojaxis sakuTrebaa da igi ara yoveldRiuri, aramed
gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis mqonea, mas stumrisTvis inaxaven. ga-
ocebul elenes ase uxsnis maspinZeli am `saidumlos~: `sanam nayo-
fi pataraa, boTlSi Seayofineben Tavs da Tavidanve boTlSi izrde-
ba~ (WilaZe 1987: 197). stumarze waruSlel STabeWdilebas tovebs
igi, TiTqos raRac saidumlos miagnoo, TiTqos raRac winaswarmet-
yvelur miniSnebas inaxavda es Cveulebrivi sasmeli. `boTlis viwro
yelSi patara, xorkliani nayofi SeyuJuliyo da TandaTanobiT iz-
rdeboda, izrdeboda, sul ufro da ufro avsebda boTlis sicarie-
les. `verafriT veRar gamoeteva, sanam Sigve ar gamolpeba. araySi
inaxaven, gvamiviT~, - fiqrobda SeZrwunebuli, amrezili. dariam rom
hkiTxa, xom ar gegvesinjao, lamis Sehyvira; xeli uaris niSnad ha-
erSi aasavsava, TiTqos gulisxmieri maspinZeli Sxams aZalebda~ (Wi-
laZe 1987: 199). aSkaraa, simbolo iseTi Rrma konotaciuri mniS-
vnelobebiT aris daxunZluli, rom mxatvruli teqstis personaJis-
Tvisac ki igi refleqsiis mizezi xdeba. raRac farul da, amave
dros, avismomaswavebel miniSnebebze fiqrs elene iwyebs. amitom
sruliad bunebrivia, rom aRmqmeli subieqtisTvis igi erTiorad sa-
intereso xdeba. mkiTxveli aq personaJTan erTad aqtiurad erTveba
fiqrisa da gansjis procesSi da mxatvruli sityvis azrobrivi po-
tencialis wvdomas cdilobs. amis saSualebas xom Tavad mwerali
34 ada nemsaZe
uqmnis mas, roca ùflebas aZlevs, iyos misi gonebrivi muSaobis

partniori~ (averincevi).
o. WilaZis Semoqmedebis erT-erTi rusi mkvlevari tatiana
meizerskaia wers: romanSi yovel gmirs Tavisi myari da mudmivi
simbolo aqvs: cezaris toga - msaxiobs, pistoleti - gelas,
mundiri - saba lafaCs, qolga da Savi vuali - elenes, kitriani
aryis boTli - dimitris... (meizerskaia 1985: 143). Cven veTanxme-
biT am mosazrebas, Tumc migvaCnia, rom velis gafarToeba aq
usasrulod SeiZleba. simbolos azrobrivi potenciali xom yo-
velTvis ufro farToa, vidre misi mocemuli realizacia: `kavSi-
rebi, romlebSic eSveba simbolo Tavisi gamoxatvis unaris wya-
lobiT ama Tu im semiotikur wreSi, ver amowuravs mis yvela
azrobriv valentobas. es ki qmnis im azrobriv rezervs, romlis
daxmarebiTac simbolos SeuZlia CaerTos moulodnel kavSirebSi,
Secvalos Tavisi arsi da moaxdinos teqsturi wris deformire-
ba~ (lotmani 1992: 194). am mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, kitria-
ni aryis boTlic rTuli simboluri saxea. boTli anu Sekruli
sivrce, aris ganviTarebis mxolod sakuTari kanonebis karnaxiT
SemosazRvruli adamianis sulis SemxuTveli garemo, Tavisufle-
bis damTrgunveli faqtori, amitom masSi sxvadasxva, erTmaneTis-
gan sruliad gansxvavebuli masStabis movlenebi SeiZleba moviaz-
roT: imperiis marwuxebSi moqceuli saqarTvelo, raRac idumali
bedisweriT Sekruli adamianis cxovrebis gza (mag., Tbiliseli
msaxiobi, ojaxur borkildadebuli elene Tu am borkilebis dam-
sxvrevis msurveli gela). nebismieri maTgani aq erTi saerTo
niSniT isazRvreba: yvela moZraobs romeliRac Caketili wris
irgvliv, romlidanac Tavis daxsnis survili maTi cxovrebis
mTavari mamoZravebeli azria. wre anu Caketili, lokaluri siv-
rce eSmakis gzaa (rogorc amboben RvTismetyveli mamebi), RvTis-
ken mimavali biliki ki sworxazovania. amitomac daiRupeba yvela,
vinc am wridan (boTlidan) swor gzaze ver moaxerxebs gamos-
vlas. romanSi es marTlac asea: dimitri da daria erTaderT qa-
liSvils kargaven, elene - qmarsac da Svilsac, mxolod gela
axerxebs Tavis daRwevas udidesi sulieri da fizikuri gansac-
delis gavliT. pirovnebis Tavisufal sivrceSi gadasaxleba in-
tegraciis rTuli procesis Sedegia. Tavis monografiaSi `qrono-
topi antiutopiur romanSi~ i. ratiani wers: `mTavari gmiri
mudmivad miiswrafis faseuli sazRvrisken, romelic mijnavs mi-

wier, drois diqtatiT marTul samyaros sulieri, droisagan Ta-
visufali samyarosagan, romelic transformaciis gziT miiRweva.
gza zedrouli da zesivrculi samyarosken TviTSemecnebaze, SiS-
ze, sevdaze, monaniebaze, sikvdilsa da aRdgomaze devs~ (ratiani
2005: 160-161). boTlis Sida sivrce swored rom `drois diqta-
tiT marTuli samyaroa~, mTeli gare sivrce ki _ `sulieri da
Tavisufali~. gela boTlidan Tavis daRwevis Semdeg poulobs
sakuTar daniSnulebas. rac Seexeba avelums, misi socialuri ro-
li ar aris iseTi aqtiuri, rom es winaaRmdegoba gadalaxos,
amitomac igi gelasa da Tavisi Svilis, ekaekaterinekatosagan
gansxvavebiT, `sabWoTa tusaRad~ rCeba.
kitriani aryis boTli romanSi rogorc gamoxatvis, ise _
Sinaarsobriv planSi, sakuTar mniSvnelobebs flobs. am mniSvne-
lobaTa semiotikuri konteqsti mravalferovania da xSirad er-
TmaneTisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli, Tumc maT Sorisac SesaZ-
loa gamovyoT erTi zogadi da, Cveni azriT, dominanturi mniS-
vneloba - kitriani aryis boTli totalitaruli sivrcis simbo-
loa, romelSic mkacradaa zRvardadebuli arsebobis droc, moZ-
raobis SesaZleblobac da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, azrovnebis we-
sebi. mzis amosvlis kunZuli ki, rogorc misi opozicia, Tavi-
suflebisa da bednierebis umaRlesi gamovlinebaa.
damowmebani:
asaTiani 1977: asaTiani g., poezia da proza, alm. kritika, Tbi-

lisi., gamomcemloba `merani~, 1977.
gei 1975: Гей Н. К., Поэтическое время и пространство //
Гей Н. К., Художественность литературы.
Поэтика, стиль. М., Наука, 1975.
lotmani 1992: Лотман Ю. М., Символ в системе культуры //
Избранные статьи. Т. 1. Таллин., 1992.
meizerskaia 1985: Мейзерская Т. Великий путь любви и скорби.
Литературная Грузия, 1985, №7.
nemsaZe 2009: nemsaZe a. sivrcis identifikacia // identifikaciis
problema oTar WilaZis romanebSi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `mwignobari~, 2009.
36 ada nemsaZe
ratiani 2005: ratiani i. droisa da sivrcis kategoriaTa mxat-

vrul-literaturul sistemaSi implantaciis
Teoriuli paradigma // qronotopi antiutopiur
romanSi. esqatologiuri antiutopiis interpre-
taciisaTvis. Tbilisi., Tsu gamomcemloba, 2005.
simboloTa... Словарь символов -
http://mirslovarei.com/content_sim/ostrov-
587.html
WilaZe 1987: WilaZe o., rCeuli Txzulebani 3 tomad, tomi me-
same. Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqar-
Tvelo~, 1987.
WilaZe 2007: WilaZe o., avelumi. Tbilisi., gamomcemloba àre-
te~, 2007.
rusudan zeqalaSvili
drois fenomeni da misi

metaforuli interpretacia
enaSi
`Cvens garemomcvel bunebaSi amouc-

nob movlenaTa Soris yvelaze amoucno-
bia dro, radgan aravin icis, ra aris is
da rogor unda marTos igi~ (aristote-
le).
drois fenomenis wvdomasa da ax-
snas kacobriobis arsebobis dRidan cdi-
lobdnen adamianebi. zogierTi mis arse-
bobas axlac uaryofs da ubralo ab-
straqciad miiCnevs. droisa da sivrcis
idumalebis wvdomis survili gansxeul-
da msoflios xalxebis miTossa da
folklorSi. gansakuTrebuli niWis ada-
mianebis uCveulo unari, iwinaswarmetyve-
lon momavali, dRemde gaocebasa da SiSs
iwvevs, radgan adamians SeuZlia mxolod
awmyos SegrZneba da warsulis gaxseneba
(isic garkveul zRvramde), momavali ki
misTvis idumali da gaurkvevelia.
drois fenomenis enobrivi inter-
pretacia xSirad metaforulia da akumu-
lirebulia xalxis rwmena-warmodgenebSi,
folklorSi, xelovnebis nimuSebSi da
es, Tavis mxriv, samyarosadmi ayalibebs
specifikur damokidebulebas.
erT-erTi qarTuli xalxuri zRap-
ris gmiri, gulnatkeni imiT, rom sikvdi-
li arsebobs, midis ukvdavebis saZebne-
38 rusudan zeqalaSvili
lad. bolos is erT mzeTunaxavTan aRmoaCens ukvdavebas da mara-

diul netarebas, magram mxolod im pirobiT, rom arasodes moin-
domebs Tavis axloblebTan dabrunebas. ymawvili, miuxedavad uk-
vdavad yofnis udidesi survilisa, am pirobas mainc ver Seasru-
lebs da TavisianebTan dabrunebas moisurvebs, Tumca icis, rom
amiT sanetaro wadilTan dasabrunebel gzas iWris... magram, misda
saubedurod, Turme imdeni dro gasula, rom yvela misi naTesavi
da axlobeli gardacvlila. am zRaparSi vlindeba xalxuri sib-
rZne: drois fardobiToba, sxvadasxva samyaroSi misi aTvlis gan-
sxvavebuloba, adamianis maradiuli natvra ukvdavebaze anu droze
gamarjvebis survili da am ocnebis ararealuroba.
msgavsi siuJeti gvxvdeba sxva xalxebis miTosSic. magali-
Tad, iaponur folklorSi aseTi idea jer kidev mexuTe saukunis
erT TqmulebaSi gamovlenila. uraSimata taro, axalgazrda me-
Tevze, Cadis wyalqveSa samyaroSi, zRvis fskerze agebul sasax-
leSi, da iq erTi dRe rCeba. ukandabrunebuli ki aRmoaCens, rom
samasi weli gasula. sofelSi ukve aRaravis axsovs, misi saxli
dangreula, xolo axloblebidan cocxali aRaravinaa. qarTuli
zRaparic da es Tqmulebac maSin Seiqmna, roca warmodgena ar
hqondaT realurad drois fardobiTobaze.
droSi mogzaurobis Tema arc gviani periodis literatu-
risTvisaa ucxo (gavixsenoT herbert uelsis wigni `drois manqa-
na~, romelSic aisaxa adamianis ocneba, imogzauros warsulsa da
momavalSi, dabrundes ukan da raRac Secvalos Tavis saqcielSi).
drois ganxilva SeiZleba mravalgvari aspeqtiT: is-
toriuliT, religiuriT, fsiqologiuriT, filosofiuriT,
eTnografiuliT da a. S. CvenTvis sainteresoa misi enobri-
vi interpretacia, romelSic areklilia samyaros xati. bev-
ri lingvisti dros miiCnevs enis erT-erT semantikur uni-
versaliad, romelic gaaCnia nebismier gamonaTqvams yvela
arsebul enaSi (veJbickaia 1999, 172). istorikosi a. i. gu-
reviCi wers: `cota Tu moiZebneba kulturis iseTi maCvene-
beli, romelic im doniT axasiaTebdes mis arss, rogoriTac
drois gageba. masSi gansaxierebulia da masTan dakavSirebu-
lia epoqis msoflaRqma, xalxis qceva, misi Semecneba, cxov-
rebis ritmi, damokidebuleba sagnebTan~ (gureviCi, 1984,
15).
drois fenomeni da misi metaforuli interpretacia enaSi 39
drois uZvelesi, miTologiuri gageba naivuria da TiTqmis
yvela enobriv sinamdvileSi vlindeba anTropomorfuli an zoo-
morfuli saxiT. erTi qarTuli gamocana drois mdinarebasa da
ciklurobas gamoxatavs xis saxiT, romelsac scviva foTlebi,
magram mudam axali amosdis:
èrTi alvis xe midgia, Tormeti toti abia,
scviva da scviva foToli, isev imdeni abia~.
dro Zalze abstraqtuli fenomenia: TvaliT uxilavia,
yuriT ar gvesmis, xeliT ver SevexebiT. amitomac aris misi
aRqma ase mravalgvari da yvelafris momcveli. xalxis war-
modgenaSi weliwadis droebi, dRe, Rame, sibere (rogorc
drois mdinarebis kanonzomieri Sedegi) da sikvdili (ro-
gorc misi sasruli) xSiradaa personificirebuli. magali-
Tad, erT-erT Tanamedrove leqsSi dro gaigivebulia cbier
qalTan:
`dro flidi qalia, yovelTvis bolomde gvimetebs...~
(l. laCaSvili)
gansxvavebulia drois religiuri aRqma, romelic mas sxva
datvirTvas aniWebs: drois aTvla iwyeba RvTis mier samyaros
SeqmniT da sruldeba RvTis samsjavroTi. TiToeuli adamianis
dro (anu sicocxle) ki iyofa or nawilad: erTi _ amqveyniuri,
miwieri, xorcieli cxovreba, romelsac aqvs sawyisi (dabadeba)
da sasruli (sikvdili), meore ki _ imqveyniuri, zeciuri, mara-
diuli, romelic grZeldeba ukuniTi ukunisamde. suli maradiul
sasufevelSi moxvdeba, Tuki adamiani miwier cxovrebaSi RvTis
mcnebebis erTguli iqneba. es mxatvrulad asaxa d. guramiSvilma:
`kacs mis meti ara aqvs-ra sikvdils ukan Tan sabargi,
suls miuZRvis xorcT naqnari: avsa avi, kargsa kargi~.
(d. guramiSvili)
drois subieqturi aRqma yvelaze axlosaa mis filosofi-
ur-fsiqologiur aspeqtebTan da xSirad iSveliebs metaforiza-
cias. amiT vlindeba drois gagebis universalurobac. drois me-
taforaTa nawili bevr enaSi meordeba da garkveuli epoqis su-
lis gamoxatulebadac SeiZleba iqces. qarTul sinamdvileSic
vxvdebiT drois mravalgvar metaforul gaazrebas: dro, rogorc
marad moZravi, mimdinare, uwyveti da cvalebadi movlena; ro-
gorc ganumeorebeli da mouxelTebeli ram; amas garda, dro gan-
meorebadi da cikluri; misi batonoba yvelasa da yvelaferze
(`droni mefoben da ara _ mefeni~); dro, rogorc damangreveli

da gamanadgurebeli Zala; misi ganusazRvreloba, fardobiToba,
arakonkretuloba da subieqtur aRqmaze damokidebuleba; dro,
rogorc fasis mqone da amasTanave RirebulebaTa sazomi (anu
calkeuli adamianisa Tu kacobriobis Rvawlis, istoriuli Ri-
rebulebebis Semfasebeli movlena); dro, rogorc yvelafris
mkurnali da sxv. (Sdr. baruzdina, 2008; SCerbina, 2006 da sxv.)
vfiqrobT, qarTvelis azrovnebaSi gansakuTrebiT xSirad
vlindeba damokidebuleba, rom dro daundobeli, yvelafris da-
mangreveli, gamanadgurebeli, gulgrili da ganurCevelia Zalaa.
didi sibrZnis Semcvelia qarTuli andaza: `yvelaferi dros
elis, dro ki _ araferso~. amitomac dro xSirad gaigivebulia
bediswerasTan, bedis borbalsa da wuTisoflis amaoebasTan.
am saWirboroto sakiTxze bevri qarTveli poeti dafiqre-
bula. dro wyeulia, rogorc yovelgvari borotebis saTave:
`hxedav, Cemo, viT gagvyarna sofelman da Jamman krulman?~ _
swers satrfos mravali ubedurebis momswre nestan-darejani.
dro arafers ar indobs, yovelgvar naRvaws anadgurebs:
`midis-modis es sofeli, qar-texilTa zRvisebr Relavs!
ukan dasdevs dro da Jami, mis naqselavs qsovs da sTelavs.
(d. guramiSvili)
dro (igive Jami) xSirad Tavisi arsiT gaiazreba glovisa
da mwuxarebis damTesad:
`ganilevian amo glovani,
Jamman JamobiT rac mogvasia~.
(e. WiWiaSvili)
drois uguloba da daundobloba Cveulebrivia, radgan is mudam
midis:
àr Cerdebao dro,
viRaca brZenma brZana...
(n. gomelauri)
imave poetTan vkiTxulobT:
`wveTen wamebi, wuTebi.
dro sisxls da saxsrebs mwovs.
dros xom ver gaebutebi?
xaTri ara aqvs dros...~
(n. gomelauri)
dro da Jami spobs cocxalsa Tu aracocxals, celiani
sikvdili yvelas miadgeba, mis klanWebs veravin dauZvreba, Tumca
genialuri vaJa amaSi did kanonzomierebas xedavs, radgan sicoc-
xle sikvdiliT fasdeba:
`RmerTma giSvelos, sikvdilo,
sicocxle mSvenobs SeniTa~.
(vaJa-fSavela)
adamiani miwaa da miwadve iqceva, dedabunebis wiaRs ubrun-
deba. dro gadis, cxovreba midis da es kanonzomieria:
`viRaca tiroda,
viRacas Sioda,
viRacas cioda,
da
dro
gadioda~.
(m. maWavariani)
dro efemeruli da warmavalia, sizmariviT gaielvebs da qreba:
ìs droeba sizmariviT wavida,
odes bavSvi iyav moxetiale~.
(g. tabiZe)
anda: `gaqra zafxuli, ise, TiTqos ara iyo ra~.
(n. ingoroyva)
sainteresoa, rom drois enobrivi aRqma fardobiTia. misi
aRmniSvneli TiToeuli leqsikuri erTeuli SeiZleba gamoiyene-
bodes gadataniT anu fardobiTad an metaforulad. maradiulo-
bisTvis saukunec wamia da am gagebasTan aris dakavSirebuli
sityva `wuTisofeli~ an `sawuTro~ _ dro, romelsac adamiani
amqveynad atarebs: drois uwyveti da usasrulo mdinarebisTvis
sicocxle mxolod wuTia, Tvalis daxamxameba:
`wuTisofeli ra aris,
agorebuli qva aris,
rawams ki davibadebiT,
iqve samarec mza aris~.
qarTvelma kargad icis, rom adamianis sicocxle Zalze
xanmoklea: `ra aris Cveni sicocxle,
CitiviT gagvifrindeba~.
axalgazrdoba ise swrafad gairbens, ukan moxedvasac ver
vaswrebT:
`daukariT! moaswariT, Torem heri...
da siberec Zu mgeliviT mogvixteba~.
(l. asaTiani)
ivane wiklauris erT-erTi leqsi _ `ram damabera~ _ am

problemas utrialebs: ratom berdeba adamiani? ra aris Cveni
cxovreba?
`ver micna Cemma sworferma, qalam Cem drosam, xnisama:
_ ram dagabera, _ is miTxra, _ biWo, mzem Cemis Zmisama!
_ Cem dabereba, qalao, welma qna samocisama,
samoc-samocjer masvlama gazafxulisam, sTvlisama,
ocdaerT aTas cxraasjer cazed amasvlam mzisama,
gafrenam sizmariviTa Svidas ocisa Tvisama,
Cem Tavzedac qna boini msajulma sicocxlisama...~
(iv. wiklauri)
qarTvelma kargad icis, rom dros ver daiWer, qviSis saa-
Tis qviSasaviT udrtvinvelad Caicleba. Semodgomas moaqvs da-
Tovlili Tmebi, daRaruli Subli, Cacvenili kbilebi, akankale-
buli muxlebi, aTasgvari seni da ubedureba. yvelanairi simdid-
risa da sikeTis mqone rostevanic ki wuxs amas:
`sibere mWirs WirTa ufro Znelia,
dRes ara, xvale movkvdebi, sofeli asre mqnelia~.
(rusTaveli)
adamianis cxovrebis wamierebasa da miwieri yofis miraJu-
lobaze bevri qarTveli Semoqmedi werda Tu xatavda. aq ASeiZ-
leba gavixsenoT amerikaSi moRvawe SesaniSnavi qarTveli mxat-
vris, gulnara wiklauris, saocari eqspresiis mqone siurrealis-
turi suraTi `kanonzomieri metamorfoza~, romelzedac gamosa-
xulia orad gayofili saxe: erT naxevarze ulamazesi axalgaz-
rda qalia daxatuli, meore naxevarze ki _ amave qalis dam-
Wknar-daRaruli, siberisgan damaxinjebuli saxe. Turme rasac
Cven ulmoblobad aRviqvamT, is kanonzomieria!
salvador dalis cnobili tilo `mudmivad moZravi droc~
gabrtyelebul-deformirebul saaTebs gamoxatavs da migvaniSnebs,
rom dro mouxelTebeli, ganusazRvreli da aRuqmelia.
drois maradiul dinebasa da amqveyniuri cxovrebis amaoeba-
ze fiqrma Seqmna qarTuli filosofiuri lirika, romelSic poe-
tebi cdilobdnen, sworad aexsnaT cxovrebiseuli faseulobebi.
swored am iluzoruli drois dinebas da xorcieli silamazis
warmavlobas daupirispira nikoloz baraTaSvilma sulieri mSve-
nierebis maradiuloba:
`silamazea niWi mxolod xorcielebis
da, viT yvavili, Tavis droze mswraflad daWknebis~.
bolos poeti genialurad wyvets am maradiul Temas:
`TviT ukvdaveba mSveniersa sulSi mdgomarebs,
mas verc SemTxveva da ver xani ver daaberebs~.
(n. baraTaSvili)
sulieri simaRlisken, sulis mSvenierebisken swrafva aris
ltolva maradiulobisken anu drois damarcxeba, masze gamarjve-
ba.
amas garda, dros TiTqos aqvs mijna, romlis gadalaxvac
didi Semoqmedis ocnebaa:
`gadavlaxavdi dro-Jamis mijnas,
viqaTqaTebdi,
viT alaverdi~.
(m. maWavariani)
dRes Rame cvlis, zamTars gazafxuli mohyveba, gazafxuls
_ zafxuli, wuTi wuTs misdevs, TiTqos mudam ismis warmosaxvi-
Ti saaTis sabediswero wikwiki. viRac gviTvlis wlebs, Tveebs,
dReebs, saaTebs, wuTebs, wamebs... da adamiani iwyebs ukvdavebisa
da maradiulobis Ziebas siyvarulsa da xelovnebaSi: `da mainc
ra aris ukvdaveba, Tu ara siyvaruli...” (k. gamsaxurdia). `mxo-
lod ostats ver eweva sikvdili... aTaseuli wlebi walekaven
irgvliv yovelives. mxolod sveticxoveli darCeba rogorc
RmerTTan da sikvdilTan mebrZoli iakobi~ (k. gamsaxurdia). ami-
tomac droze gamarjvebul Zeglebad dagvrCa: sveticxoveli, var-
Zia, alaverdi, jvari, gelaTi, bagrati, qarTuli poezia, `tyapu-
Wiani, xelkombliani~ glexis Seqmnili poeturi margalitebi,
ubiri glexisa, romelic kacobriobis maradiul problemebze
ubadlo sisadaviT msjelobda.
xelovani cdilobs daarRvios drois Cveuli dineba, gamoi-
gonos irealuri, iluzoruli samyaro, imogzauros warsulsa
Tu momavalSi, realoba ki mxolod subieqtur aRqmaSi datovos,
radgan warsuli da momavali mxolod abstraqciaa. amitomac
hqonda galaktions ufleba, rom eTqva:
`me arc warsulis, arc momavlis ar meSinia!~
(g. tabiZe)
poetis kiTxva _ `romeli saaTia?~ konkretul dros
ar miemarTeba, SeiZleba droidan gaqcevis cdac iyos da
mtkivneuli, sisxliani epoqis gamoZaxilic. ugulo, ulmo-
beli dro suls fleTda da daWril guls sisxlisgan

wretda:
`xanma undobarma, gza rom SeeReba,
uxvad moitana sisxli da cxedrebi~.
(g. tabiZe)
xelovan adamians ki marTlac Tavisi dro aqvs: `Semoqmede-
biTi dro swrafad mihqris. laparakia im droze, romelic saxe-
lovnebo situaciaSi ki ar arsebobs, aramed sakuTar TavTan da
faseulobebTan mimarTebaSi. Seni dro TavisTavad Zalze aCqarebu-
lia~ (r. amaRlobeli).
mxolod geniosTan aRiqmeba dro gansxvavebulad. marTalia,
is arasodes Cerdeba, magram geniosis winaSe mainc uZluria:
`...roca mocarti notebs arCevda,
droebiT Sercxva dros da gaCerda...~.
(n. gomelauri)
Tanamedrove poeziaSi gansakuTrebiT mravalferovani da
mistikuria drois aRqma: is maradiuli, mouxelTebeli, fardobi-
Ti, subieqturi da cvalebadi movlenaa. poets SeuZlia sakuTari
cxovrebis areuloba metaforulad Seadaros moumarTav saaTs:
`dauqoqavi saaTi,
viTxov Rirseul wres.
drosTan gavmarTe kamaTi,
dro ar Cerdeba, wveTs...~
(n. gomelauri)
enis prizmaSi gardatexili samyaros xati drosa da siv-
rces subieqturad aRiqvams. uiliam Seqspiri werda: `dro sxva-
dasxva adamianisTvis gansxvavebulad midis~. marTlac, gansakuT-
rebiT TvalSi sacemia, rom yofiT situaciaSi drois aRmniSvneli
TiTqmis nebismieri leqsikuri erTeuli SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
rogorc konkretuli, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, ise gadataniT,
zogadad, drois an zogjer _ epoqis mniSvnelobiTac. magaliTad,
Semodgoma gadataniT siberes aRniSnavs, gazafxuli _ axalgaz-
rdobasa da yvavilobas... yvelam icis, vinme roca gvpirdeba, am
wuTas movalo, viciT, rom gvaZlevs male mosvlis pirobas da
ar gulisxmobs konkretulad imave wuTs. didi xnis unaxav mego-
bars sayveduriT veubnebiT, saukunea, ar SevxvedrivarTo da vgu-
lisxmobT xangrZliv dros (SeiZleba, erT weliwads an ramdeni-
mes). xSirad viyenebT sityvebs: `wuTi~, `wami~ da `saukune~. ada-
mians sWirdeba drois monakveTebis subieqturi aRqmis xazgasma
da fardobiTad warmoCena, amitomac yvelaze mcire monakveTis
aRsaniSnavad iyenebs `wuTs~ an `wams~, xolo xangrZlivi monakve-
TisTvis _ `saukunes~. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSi ar igulisxmeba
konkretuli dro: saaTis an wuTis mesamocedi nawili an zustad
100 weli, aramed ganusazRvreli dro _ Zalian mokle an Zalian
grZeli: sicocxle wamia (wuTia)! saukunem wamiviT gairbina. xva-
lindeli dRis imediT vcocxlobT!
drois mdinareba marTlac subieqturad aRiqmeba. henri
van daiks uTqvams: `momlodinesaTvis dro miizlazneba, Si-
SiT SepyrobilisaTvis _ miqris, mwuxarisaTvis _ aRar Tav-
deba, mxiarulisaTvis – wamSi gaivlis; SeyvarebulisaTvis
ki igi usasruloa~. amitomacaa, rom adamiani xSirad wuwu-
nebs, dro swrafad gadiso:
ìsev ise garbis dro,
ar gvanebebs Tavs,
gaumaZRar siyvaruls
es cxovreba hgavs~.
(ir. Carkviani)
amboben, bednierebs saaTi ar sWirdebaTo. umaRlesi
bednierebisa da netarebis Jams adamiani ver grZnobs drois
arsebobasa da mdinarebas, magram zogjer dro autanlad
iWimeba da miizlazneba, rasac xelovani kidev ufro mtkiv-
neulad ganicdis:
`dro miizlazneba, ar midis arsaiT
da Zlivs imeorebs andante andantes...
ho,
aq Caivlian dReebi,
kvirebi,
Tveebi,
wlebi da
Caivlis yvela dro~ (g. alxaziSvili).
anda: `sizmarTa asxmam fiqrni dalesa
da Zils mZivebad esxa zmanebac,
xan Cqara garbis dro, uCqaresad,
xan ZlivZlivobiT miizlazneba~.
(d. gogibedaSvili)
miuxedavad adamianis cxovrebis xanmokleobisa, Cven mainc

daudevrad veqceviT RvTis mier boZebul dros da xSirad mas
uazrod, umiznod vflangavT. erT metad saintereso Tanamedrove
poetTan vxvdebiT am problemis moulodnel da originalur in-
terpretacias:
`dros maSin vpoulob,
roca vkargav,
an _ roca vflangav...!
...ar vici axla _
vflangav, vxarjav Tu vpoulob dros...~
(c. barbaqaZe)
amboben, dro yvelafris mkurnaliao. am sityvebiT isev
drois dinebas esmeba xazi, rom gaivlis xani da didi ubedure-
bac ki daaviwydeba adamians, mineldeba misi tkivili da gaufe-
ruldeba simwvave, magram zogjer esec araa nugeSis momtani:
`dro yvelafris mkurnalia,
oRond Cemi ara.
saocari unaria
dardi wara-mara.
rasac vfiqrob, gadmovisvri
umartives leqsad~.
(n. gomelauri)
xSirad vimeorebT, rom Cven vcxovrobT epoqaSi, sadac dro
fulia (cnobili gamonaTqvami `dro fulia~ 1748 wels gaCnda,
misi avtori benjamin franklinia). Sesabamisad, yvelafers vake-
TebT imisTvis, rom dro davzogoT, rac xSirad, rogorc Cans,
sakuTari janmrTelobis fasad gvijdeba. es gamoTqma saqmianma
epoqam moitana, raTa xazi gaesvaT drois fasisTvis, rom aravis
gaeflanga is fuWad. qarTul sinamdvileSi ki mainc SedarebiT
axali Semosuli Cans.
bolos _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom drois qarTuli msoflaR-
qma mravalferovania da moicavs rogorc mis realur, ise mis-
tikur da filosofiur gaazrebas.
literatura
baruzdina, 2008 _ Баруздина С. А., Лингвокультурный концепт
"Время" в метафорических репрезентациях (на материале
немецкого языка): дис. канд. филол. наук, Смоленск,
2008.
gureviCi, 1984 _ Гуревич А. Я., Категории средневековой культуры
/ А. Я. Гуревич. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп.– М. : Искусство,
1984. – 350 с.
veJbickaia, 1999 _ Вежбицкая А., Семантические универсалии и
описание языков, М., 1999.
SCerbina, 2006 _ Щербина В. Е., Концепт "время" во фразеологии
немецкого и русского языков: дис. канд. филол. наук,
Уфа, 2006.
maia jaliaSvili
drois metafizika qarTul

modernistul romanSi
qarTul modernistul romanebSi

drois metafizika warmodgenilia adamia-
nis Sinagan samyarosTan kavSirSi. es ro-
manebi, upirvelesad, sulis biografiebia
da, aqedan gamomdinare, erTi, ucvleli,
sulis dro e.i. maradisoba vlindeba
konkretul sivrceSi, rac mis awmyod,
warsulad Tu momavlad saxeldebas gana-
pirobebs.
`ra aris dro? – kiTxulobs To-
mas mani `jadosnur mTaSi~ da iqve pasu-
xobs: `saidumloeba – usaxelo da yov-
lismZle, movlenaTa samyaros ganmsaz-
Rvreli piroba, moZraoba, gadajaWvuli
da Serwymuli sivrceSi sxeulebis gan-
lagebasa da moZraobasTan. iarsebebda ki
dro, moZraoba rom ar yofiliyo? an
moZraoba ki iarsebebda drois gareSe?
kiTxva kiTxvad rCeba. aris Tu ara dro
sivrcis funqcia, an piriqiT? an iqneb
isini erTmaneTis identurni arian? aqac
mxolod kiTxvas vsvamT! dro moqmedia.
mas zmniT gamosaxatavi Tviseba gaCnia:
igi ìwvevs~, magram ras? cvlilebas!
àxla~ da `maSin~ erTi da igive ar
aris. àq~ ar aris ìq~, radgan maT So-
ris moZraoba Zevs, magram vinaidan moZ-
raoba, risi meSveobiTac dros vzomavT,
wriulia da Tavis TavSi Caketili, ami-
drois metafizika qarTul modernistul romanSi 49
tom aseTi moZraobisa da cvlilebisTvis aseve Tavisuflad SeiZ-
leboda simSvide da uZraoba gvewodebina – `maSin~ xom gamudme-
biT meordeba àxlaSi~, àq~ ki cnebaSi ìq~ (mani 1984: 5).
dro qarTul modernistul romanebSi gvevlineba, rogorc
`movlenaTa ganmsazRvreli piroba~. Tomas maniseuli SekiTxvebi
drosTan dakavSirebul yvela problemas moicaven. Tu rogor
ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs àq~ da ìq~, `maSin~ da àxla~, qarTvel
modernistTa yuradRebis saganicaa.
`yovel civilizacias gansakuTrebuli Sexeduleba hqonda
droze: bevri mas maradiul gameorebad miiCnevda. mas xan swor
xazad warmoidgendnen, xan ki spiraliseburad. platonikosTaTvis
weli wriulia da srulyofili, TiTqos zeciuri sxeulebis
moZraobas imeorebs. qristianebisTvis dro apokalipturia da
sworxazovani, indoelTaTvis iluzoruli – mxolod gardasaxva-
Ta realoba. XIX saukune dros maradiul, ganuwyvetliv progre-
sad aRiqvams~ (pasi 1999: 2).
sazogadod, romanis dro gamoirCeva sisavsiT, radgan aq
xdeba Cveulebrivi yofis Zlieri dramatizacia. romanists per-
sonaJi gamohyavs Cveulebrivi yofis sazRvrebidan, raTa cxovreba
mTlianad, mTeli sisavsiT ganacdevinos. TviTon cxovrebis pro-
zas xSirad amgvari sisavse aklia. personaJi ki, umetesad erTba-
Sad, uamrav sawinaaRmdego vnebaTa WidilSi cxovrebas mTlianad
SeigrZnobs. amitomac dro Cqardeba. mcire monakveTSi imdeni mov-
lena xdeba, rasac Cveulebriv yofaSi wlebi dasWirdeboda.
m. prusti wers, rom romanSi erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi
adamianSi Relavs uamravi sixaruli Tu naRveli, cxovrebaSi ki
amas wlebi moundeboda. Tanac ise, rom mxolod zogierTis Sec-
nobas moaxerxebda kaci. arseboben gancdani, – fiqrobs prusti,
– romelTac verc ki aRviqvamT, radgan maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia
imgvari Senelebuloba, rac `droSi~ Zneli mosaxelTebelia
(prusti 1993: 112).
modernist mwerals, upirvelesad, adamianis `me~ aintere-
sebs da `drois xlarTebi~ mxolod imisTvis sWirdeba, rom es
`me~ rac SeiZleba, mraval ganzomilebaSi warmoaCinos.
`gvelis perangis~ pirvelive Tavis epigrafad wamZRvarebu-
li sityvebi: `Cemi Zma aryofili viTar miyvardis, umetes mzisa
da umetes xmalisa, rameTu iyo igi sxvai Cemi~ – simboluri
mravalmniSvnelovnebis Semcvelia, romelTagan gamorCeulia pi-
rovnebis `mes~ damokidebuleba Tavisave idealur `sxva mesTan~.
50 maia jaliaSvili
herman hese werda: `Tqven ise laparakobT, TiTqos `me~

cnobili obieqturi sidide iyos, magram es sruliadac ar aris
swori. TiToeul CvenganSi ori `mea~ da vinmem rom icodes, sad
iwyeba pirveli da sad mTavrdeba meore, brZenTabrZeni iqneboda.
Cven subieqtur, empiriul, individualur `mes~ rogorc ki da-
vakvirdebiT, maSinve vnaxavT, rom igi cvalebadia, Wirveulia,
sul advilad ganicdis yovelgvar garegan gavlenas... magram aris
meore `mec~, dafaruli pirvel `meSi~. masTan gadaxlarTuli,
magram isini erTmaneTSi ar unda avurioT. es meore umaRlesi,
wminda `mea~ (indoelTa àtmani~, Tqven mas `brahmasTan~ aigi-
vebT), mas ar gaaCnia piradi sazrisi. igi moaswavebs imas, ramde-
nad wilnayari varT RmerTTan, cxovrebasTan, mTelTan, upirov-
nosTan, zepirovnulTan~ (yaralaSvili 1988: 144).
romanis gmiris gza, upirvelesad, amgvarad warimarTeba –
adamiani midis Tavis dakargul, gaucxoebul `mes~-Tan. `Seimose-
ba~ Sinagani adamianiT – amgvarad ubrundeba RvTaebriv sawyiss.
TavisTavad, es gzac mravalSriania da erTdroulad moicavs ram-
denime aspeqts: 1. adamianis dabruneba RmerTTan, 2. fesvebTan
(realuri mama, samSoblo), 3. sakuTar TavTan. amaTgan yvelaze
mniSvnelovania adamianis `dabruneba~ RmerTTan. drouli Tval-
sazrisiT, es gza wamsac gulisxmobs da maradisobasac. grigol
robaqiZe wers: `RmerTi àdgens~ Tavis Tavs samyaroSi, garna am
`dginebiT~ ar `Tavdeba~ igi. yoveli mqmedi acxadebs – kidev me-
ti: amyarebs – Tavis arsebas naqnarSi~ (robaqiZe 1991: 243).
misi azriT, `qceulSi~ RvTis aqti dasrulebulia, aqedan
gamomdinareobs ucvleli kanoniereba mineralur, mcenareul Tu
cxovelur sxeulebSi. adamianSi ki es aqti RvTisa Canasaxia TiT-
qo, romelic adamianma TviTon unda ganasxeulos. àq marxia ada-
mianis RvTiurziaryofiloba. adamians SeuZlia asec imoqmedos da
isec – Tavisufleba RvTiurobis niSania. xolo: radgan adamiani
RmerTi ar aris mainc, amis gamo sicocxle misi cdaa Sinagani,
cda romelsac `cdena~ – `cdomad~ Tan axlavs mudam Jam. SesaZ-
loa vidodes adamiani RvTiuri geziT, SesaZloa gadauxvios man
am gezs – da ai, gvevlineba igi: sworad an mruded, waRmarTad
an ukuRmarTad, marTlad an umarTlod, kargad an avad, keTilad
an borotad. igi yovel wels gzajvaredinzea mimdgari: marjvniT
marji, anu misi RvTiuri modgmis `ganaRdeba~, marcxniT – marcxi
anu Tavis Ralati da ganadgureba. es usaSinelesi da Tanve una-
yofieresi Wimi Tu Zabuli RvTiurisa da araRvTiurisa adamianis
bunebaSi maister ekhartma gamohkveTa erT sworupovar TqmaSi:
`TumcaRa sruliad sxva, igi, RmerTi ufro axloa CemTan, vidre
me TviTon Cem TavTan~ (robaqiZe 1991: 244).
`sruliad sxvas~ grigol robaqiZe Tvlis transcendentad,
ùfro axlos~ ki – imanentad. `me var namdvili mxolod imde-
nad, ramdenadac CemSi xorcieldeba igi: `sruliad sxva~, anu
RmerTi~. mwerali aqedan daaskvnis: àdamiani `qceulia~, radgan
igi naxevrad nivTier samyaros ekuTvnis, igi Tanve `qcevadia~,
radgan meore naxevriT Tavisi bunebisa igi RvTiur Taursaa zia-
rebuli: mqmneli da mqnadi erTad. qcevadi samyaro – ara samyaro,
erTxel da samudamod qmnili, aramed iseTi, romelic mudam Jam
iqmnis – aris are adamianis TviTmxilebis da TviTmyarebisa. viTa-
reba am areSi ubralo `procesSi~, anu naturaluri dgena mine-
ralis, mcenaris, cxovelis, – aramed qmediTi ìstoria~, savse
dramatiuli xveuliT da ganfeniT. ìstoria~ ese moiTxovs ara
marto winxedvas: saiTken, aramed ukan gaxedvasac: `saidan~ (roba-
qiZe 1991: 245). es vrceli citata imitom movixmeT, rom `gve-
lis perangSi~ swored es `qmediTi istoriaa~ gadmocemuli.
`gvelis perangis~ personaJebi SeiZleba gaviazroT, ro-
gorc arCibald mekeSis sulieri Ziebis gzaze TviT misive Sina-
gani impulsebi (Sesabamisad, damabrkolebelni Tu xelSemwyobni).
amitomac es romani gaJRenTilia religiur-mistikuri intonacie-
biT, radgan umaRlesi, wminda `me~, romliskenac miiswrafis ro-
manis gmiri, masSive arsebuli RvTaebrivi naperwkalia, romelic
adamians akavSirebs RmerTTan, transcendentur samyarosTan.
drois robaqiZiseuli metafizika am romans samyaros er-
Tgvar modelad aqcevs. konkretuli movlenebi ganzogaddeba da
arCibald mekeSis `Tavgadasavali~, saerTod, adamianis bedad
aRiqmeba. drois msvleloba romanSi or gansxvavebul ganzomile-
baSi warmodgeba: 1. es aris dro horizontalze – arCil mayaSvi-
li droSi moZraobs, gadaadgildeba. xdeba movlenaTa drouli
cvla. arCibaldi garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi – mamaze fiqriT
dawyebuli da misi `povniT~ damTavrebuli – uamrav SemTxvevaTa
monawilea. igi xvdeba sxvadasxva personaJebs, iZens gamocdilebas
da sxva. imavdroulad, arCibald mekeSi sxva ganzomilebaSic
moZraobs – Tavis Sinagan samyaroSi. aq xdeba drois CaRrmaveba
vertikalurad~ – garegani movlenebi gmirs xels uwyobs am
`CaRrmavebaSi~. yoveli axali garegani gamocdileba mis sibrZnes
amravlebs da exmareba sakuTari arsebisa Tu samyaros gaazrebaSi.
52 maia jaliaSvili
mkiTxvels romanSi warmoudgeba `kacadqmnis~ rTuli da

Rrma procesi, romelic gare samyaroSi ki ara, aramed adamianis
SigniT mimdinareobs, amitomac romanSi warmodgenili sinamdvile
irealuri elferiT imoseba da magiurad aRiqmeba (literaturaSi
arsebobs termini `magiuri sinamdvile~, romelic herman heses
ekuTvnis). sulier procesebs xilul movlenaTa saxe eniWebaT da
realuri sagnebi `magiuri sinamdvilis~ simboloebad warmodgeba.
iqmneba erTgvari Caketili, SemosazRvruli sivrce, xdeba erTgva-
ri `hermetizacia~. vfiqrobT, `gvelis perangi~ hermetul roman-
Tan garkveul siaxloes amJRavnebs.
nicSe saubrobs sulis sam cvalebaze, romelic droSia.
suli ìqmneba~ jer aqlemad, mere lomad da bolos bavSvad. `Sen
movale xar~, es aris sulis cvalebis is safexuri, roca adami-
anSi Warbobs morCileba, uneboba. Semdeg suli icvleba lomad,
romelic gamoxatavs adamianis daumorCileblobas, transcenden-
tur samyarosadmi eWvs, gaorebulobas. misi mTavari principia
`me msurs~. Tumca igi axal Rirebulebebs ver qmnis, magram `Ta-
visuflebis mopoveba axali qmnadobisTvis~ warmoadgens lomis
Zlierebas. erT dros wmidaTawmidaSi adamiani hpovebs `Secdomasa
da Tavnebobas~ da Tavisufali xdeba, magram aq ar mTavrdeba yve-
laferi. suli icvleba `bavSvad~, radgan bavSvi ùmankoebaa da
daviwyeba~, axali dasabami, laRoba (TamaSi), TviT – Zruli bor-
bali, pirveli Zvra, Tqma RvTaebrivi dasturisa~ (nicSe 1993:
25).
bavSvobaSi mTavaria swored `daviwyeba~ da `RvTaebrivi
dasturi~ – yvelaferi iwyeba Tavidan, Tanac RvTaebrivi wesri-
giT. `lomi, iseve rogorc aqlemi, nicSes naazrevSi kacobriobis
istoriis garkveul epoqaze migviTiTebs, esaa Tavad `zaratus-
tras~ avtoris Tanadrouli epoqa. uSfoTveli, mSvidi, morCili
aqlemi iqca lomad, romelic RvTaebriv àras~ eubneba yvela
Zvel maRal Rirebulebas, movaleobas! Zveli ingreva, hkargavs
fass. ra unda akeTos adamianma am RirebulebaTa vakuumSi? Zveli,
Secdomebze agebuli Rirebulebebi unda Secvalos axalma, yvela-
feri unda daiwyos Tavidan~ (buaCiZe 1993: 253).
`yvelafris axlidan~ dawyebis surviliT aris gamsWvalu-
li qarTuli modernistuli romanis gmirTa goneba. gvelis mier
perangis gaxdis metaforis erTi aspeqti amasac gulisxmobs.
`me msurs~ nicSesTvis ar aris calsaxa da erTmniSvnelo-
vani, amisTvis saWiroa TviT survilis Secnoba. es ki rTuli da
xangrZlivi procesia. igi gulisxmobs, upirvelesad, TviTSemecne-
bas, etapobriv amaRlebas. didi xnis ganmavlobaSi emzadeba arCi-
bald mekeSi `survilis~ – mamis povnis ocnebis Sesasruleblad,
magram amisTvis `did gzas~ gaivlis, xdeba misi sulis `cvaleba~,
amaRleba. survilis Secnoba misTvis samyaros Secnobasac eTanab-
reba.
savarsamiZis saxeSic mkafiod irekleba sulis amgvari cva-
lebadoba – mamisgan gaqceviT man Tavisi neba gamoxata – aqlemi
lomad iqca, morCileba TavisuflebiT Seicvala. Tumca mas bo-
lomde srulyofilad ara aqvs gacnobierebuli, ra surs. TviTon
am survils `ver cnobs~, amitomac sulis cvaleba `bavSvad~ me-
tad nela da mtkivneulad mimdinareobs. farvizis sikvdilis Sem-
deg TiTqos mokvda masSi `lomi~ da daiZra fiqri axal Rirebu-
lebaTa Sesaqmnelad, gasaRviZeblad. axali cxovrebis dasawyisad,
Tumca Zala ar eyo da kvlav survilis tyveobaSi darCa, amgva-
rad, kvlav `lomis~ – gaurkveveli, aramdgradi, meryevi pozici-
is tyveobaSi aRmoCnda.
uiliam folkneri werda: `dro medinia, romelsac ar gaaC-
nia sxva arseboba, garda pirovnebaTa wamieri gardasaxvisa. ar
arsebobs ìyo~, arsebobs mxolod àris~. ìyo” rom arsebuliyo,
wuxili da dardi ar iqneboda~ (folkneri 1984: 69).
`pirovnebaTa wamieri gardasaxvani” qarTvel modernist
romanistTa umTavresi fiqris sagania. savarsamiZe xandaxan cdi-
lobs drois gareSe cxovrebas. amas igi axerxebs italiaSi je-
netTan erTad ganmartoebisas. qveynis drtvinvas moSorebuli al-
bano mas àmoagdebs~ drois Cveuli mdinarebidan. jibis saaTic
ki uCerdeba. saxlis kedelze amoWrili mzis saaTiT misdevs
dros, an kidev maxlobeli eklesiis zarebis rekva mianiSnebs
drois garkveul monakveTebs. Tumca, aRar aRelvebs, sazogadod,
dro. mamlis yivilze Tendeba, mzis Casvlisas Ramdeba. dro TiT-
qos am or wertils Soris moeqceva, Tavis TavSi Caiketeba. am
gziT savarsamiZe cdilobs gare samyaroSi gafantuli mzeris
sulSi Cabrunebas. iseTi gancda aqvs, TiTqos arasdros utria-
lia cxovrebis SuagulSi, ar `gasdevnebia~ dros. amitomac iyo,
rom swored albanoSi SeZlo Tavisi sulis bneli ufskrulebis
moxilva.
arCibald mekeSi cxovrobs `droSi~ da ara `sivrceSi~.
sivrce aq meoreulia. `sad~ yofnas yovelTvis gadaswonis `ro-
gor~ mdgomareoba. arCibald mekeSi yvelafers ganicdis, Wvrets,
54 maia jaliaSvili
gznebs da ara _ ubralod aRiqvams. amgvarad, `gvelis perangis~

drois koncefcia emsgavseba bibliurs, sadac cxovreba warmoC-
ndeba, rogorc maradiuli, dausazRvravi dineba RmerTisken – mo-
mavali xsnisken. s. averincevma drois es mdinareba saxeldo, ro-
gorc _ òlami, romelic TavisTavSi Seicavs yvelafers. samya-
ro, rogorc istoria~. àrCibaldis saqarTvelosken mogzaurobas
Tan axlavs iseTi miTologiuri motivebi, romlebic mis moZrao-
bas qristianuli simbolikis konteqstSi aTavseben. am simboli-
kis Sesabamisad, igi miimarTeba vertikalurad aRma, anu qveskne-
lidan zesknelisken, sibnelidan sinaTlisken. amas adasturebs
romanSi gamoyenebuli mravali bibliuri motivi. maT Soris, yve-
laze mniSvnelovania aRTqmuli miwisken ebraelTa ormocwlian
mogzaurobasTan dakavSirebuli aluziebi~ (kiziria 1989: 6).
drois Zalian saintereso mxatvruli koncefcia SemogvTa-
vaza xorxe luis borxesma moTxrobaSi: `baRi, romelSic bilike-
bi itotebian~. moTxrobis erTi gmiris azriT, samyaro hgavs gan-
totvil bilikTa baRs, sadac es TiToeuli biliki dros ganasa-
xierebs. àra swamda erTiani, absoluturi droisa. igi xedavda
droebaTa uTvalav rigebs. xedavda gantotvil, Tanmxvedr da pa-
ralelur droTa TviTmzard bades~ (borxesi 1994: 34).
am SemTxvevaSic xdeba `mes~ ganvrcoba, Sinagani sulieri
samyaros garkveul fizikur sivrced gadaqceva, gancdaTa gasag-
nobriveba. Cven davxetialobT Cvensave TavSi da sxvadasxva bi-
likze vxvdebiT gansxvavebul adamianebs – Cveni vnebebisa da
survilebis xorcSesxmul saxeebs. erTi ram ki ar icvleba –
Cven yovelTvis vxvdebiT Cvensave Tavs.
`gvelis perangSi~ arCibald mekeSi poulobs sakuTari Ta-
visken mimaval gzas, magram yoveli povna warmoSobs Ziebis axal
gzebs. arsad ar aris am gzaze wertili – Sesveneba. bevrs sagu-
lisxmos igznebs ZiebaTa am rTul xlarTebSi arCil mayaSvili.
umTavresi ki mainc sulSi RvTaebrivi naperwklis gznebaa: `me Se-
ni var, mamav~... `Sen CemSi xar, mamav~.
`gvelis perangSi~ warmodgenili drois metafizika samya-
ros fantasmagoriad aqcevs, sadac araferia umniSvnelo. aq yve-
lafers Tavisi funqcia aqvs. swored dro aris is magiuri Zala,
romelic romanis gmirs samyarosTan erTobis tkbil-mware bedni-
erebas agrZnobinebs.
amiran gomarTeli wers: `gvelis perangis~ avtoris azrov-
neba, misi Ziebebic qarTvelobis arsis dasadgenad swored rom
zeistoriulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom romans konkretuli drois
lokali aqvs – iwyeba 1917 wlis zafxulSi hamadanSi da mTav-
rdeba 1918 w. zafxulSi sairmeSi, magram drois amgvari aRqma
mxolod realur plans Seexeba. mTlianad romanis, misi yvela
plastis mimarT ki formaluria. robaqiZis msoflmxedvelobis
areSia ara mxolod es erTi weli, aramed aTaswleulebi kacob-
riobis istoriisa~ (gomarTeli 1997: 164).
gmiri fiqriTa da gancdiT gadaswvdeba am istorias da
dros ganicdis, rogorc `mes~ sxvadyofnas.
ralf emersoni werda: `me vxedav saberZneTs, italias, es-
paneTs Cems gonebaSi. es `xedva~ ara mxolod aerTebda sxvadasxva
geografiul adgils, aramed sxvadasxva drosac. wami itevda ma-
radisobasac. `Tu wamis maradisobas CavwvdebiT, amiT mTel cxov-
rebas gaviazrebT~ (emersoni 1989: 486).
`yovel droSi Zevs saidumlo, – fiqrobda Tomas mani, –
radgan saidumlo zedroulia, magram zedroulobis forma arse-
bobs axla da aq... radgan arsi cxovrebisa awmyoa~ (mani 1989:
489). ase xdeboda awmyos warmosaxviT garRveva da zedrouli
saidumlos gzneba.
a. losevis azriT, dro ar aris wminda xangrZlivoba, rad-
gan igi an odesme mTavrdeba an arasdros. dro aris àlogikuri
Camoyalibeba maradisobisa~. amitomac, dro, erTdroulad, aris
da ar aris kidec maradisoba, radgan maradisoba ar aris gansaz-
Rvruli da SemosazRvruli. losevi saubrobs drois gansxvavebu-
li xarisxiT mudmivobaze. didi moZraobisas sxeuli kargavs mo-
culobas, igi erTdroulad moicavs mTel usazRvroebas – es
aris ideis maradiuloba – es ki eTanabreba platonis ideas, ro-
melic erTdroulad yvelgan aris da arsad. aqedan gamomdinare,
a. losevi sainteresod daaskvnis: `miTologiaSi yvelaferi xor-
cielia da, imave dros, ar aris xorcieli~ (Лосев 1990: 475).
misive azriT, erTi da igive sagani SeiZleba warmodges da gamoi-
xatos usazRvro formebiT, imis mixedviT, Tu romeli sivrcul-
drouli yofis planSi moviazrebT. igi asaxelebs antikuri kos-
mosis xuT rigs: cecxli (pirveli, erTiani), Suqi (goneba, idea),
haeri (suli, samSvinveli), miwa (sofiuri sxeuli), wyali (meoT-
xe sawyisis xarisxi). aqedan gamomdinare ki, arsebobs sivrcis
xuTi tipi da sxeulis xuTi tipi: cecxlis sxeuli, naTlis
sxeuli, haeris, miwisa da wylisa.
56 maia jaliaSvili
iseve, rogorc realurad, aseve irealuradac SeiZleba am

sxeulebis cvalebadoba. losevis azriTve, ìmdeni droa, ramde-
nic sagani. sagani ki, ufro zustad, misi saxeobani imdenia, ram-
denic _ azri da idea~ (Лосев 1990: 473).
àxali epoqis dro qristianuli drois pirmSoa, pirmSo
da uaryofa: igi sworxazovania da Seuqcevadi, magram mas ara
aqvs dasawyisi da arc dasasruli eqneba, igi arasdros SeuqmniaT
da arc arasdros daemxoba. misi mTavari moqmedi piri codvili
suli ki ara, adamianTa modgmis evoluciaa _ saxelad istoria.
Tanamedroveobis fundamentSi ormagi paradoqsia Cadebuli. erTi
mxriv, yofierebis sazrisi unda veZioT ara warsulSi an maradi-
sobaSi, aramed momavalSi. swored amitomaa, rom istorias prog-
ressac uwodeben~. `Cven dros ar gaaCnia arsi, ufro metic, misi
pozicia nebismieri arsis kritikaSi mdgomareobs~. àxali dro
axali miTologiaa: Tanamedroveobis udidesi qmnilebebi – ser-
vantesidan joisamde da velaskesidan marsel diuSanamde – sxva
araferia, Tu ara drois kritikis Sesaxeb miTis gansxvavebuli
variantebi~ (pasi 1999: 4).
oqtavio pasi Tvlis, rom `RvTaebrivi komedia~ qristianu-
li sazogadoebis yvelaze srulyofili da gamTlianebuli nawar-
moebia, `don kixoti~ ki axali samyaros yvelaze didi qmnilebaa.
servantesis romanSi adamianis sulzea saubari, magram ara ukve
dacemul, aramed gaucxoebul sulze. misi gmiri codvili ki
ara, SeSlilia. igi zogadsakacobrio xvedris miRma dgas, radga-
nac gawyvita kavSiri samyarosTan. don kixotis istorias ver
uwodeb kacobriobis istoriis gansaxierebas. igi gamonaklisia.
igi ironiuli msoflaRqmis magaliTia, romelic aqamde uaryofiT
midis: igi iseTi araa, rogorc yvela sxva adamiani. lamanCeli
raindis xetiali ar aris RmerTis rCeuli xalxis Tavgadasaval-
Ta alegoria. esaa gzasacdenili, martoxela adamianis alegoria
(pasi 1999: 4).
am TvalsazrisiT, don kixoti konstantine savarsamiZis ar-
qetipadac SeiZleba gaviazroT. qarTul modernistul romanebSi
xdeba droSi `CaRrmaveba~. am gziT Seicnoba drois arsi. Jan-pol
sartri folkneris roman `xmauri da mZvinvarebis~ droze dak-
virvebisas SeniSnavs: àwmyo gatenilia xvrelebiT, saidanac war-
suli ambebi – gayinulni, uZravni da mdumareni – iWrebian masSi.
gmiris cnobiereba `warsulSi vardeba~ da isev wamoiwevs, raTa
kvlav Cavardes. awmyo ar arsebobs, is modis~ (sartri 1984: 8).
drois aseTi xvrelebiT aris savse qarTuli modernistu-
li romanebi, romelTagan zogs miTis, zogs zRaprisa da legen-
dis, zogs istoriis, zogs raime konkretuli ambis siRrmeSi mih-
yavs mkiTxveli. `sanavardoSi~ warsuli mxolod imitom SemoiW-
reba, rom awmyos ubadrukobas gaesvas xazi. Tavad yaramanis gva-
ri `grgvinavda warsulSi. gvaris mematiane daSvra WilaZeTa gmi-
ruli warsulis aRweraSi. es gvari flobda didebul Wyondi-
delTa kverTxs da zviadad ganagebda sanavardos, saWilaos, ma-
rans, orpirs, qoreisubans~. yaramans ki warsulidan mxolod
sagvareulo seni SemorCa. amitomac gvariT Tumca amayobda, imav-
droulad, adanaSaulebda gvarsve Tavisi Svilis ubedurebaSi. sa-
qarTvelos warsuli ki didad ar anaRvlebda. `saqarTvelos dar-
dsa da warsul didebas RvinoSi Tu moigonebda~ (Sengelaia 1983
:6). warsuli, yaramanis mamis saxiT SvilSi – bondoSi gansxeul-
da TiTqos.
sazogadod, XX saukunis literatura gamoirCeva drois
mxatvruli xatebis ZiebiT. `Tanamedrove mweralTa umetesoba, –
wers Jan-pol sartri, – prusti, joisi, dos pasosi, folkneri,
gaidi da virjinia vulfi _ Seecada, TiToeuls, Taviseburad da-
emaxinjebina dro. zogierTma gamoiyvana dro warsulidan da mo-
mavlidan da wamis wminda intuiciamde Seamcira. sxvebma, dos pa-
sosis msgavsad, is meqanikur da SezRudul mogonebad aqcies.
prustma da folknerma, ubralod, Tavi mohkveTes dros. maT uar-
yves momavali – ase vTqvaT, sazomi Tavisufali arCevanisa da
qmedebisa~ (sartri 1984: 120).
qarTveli modernisti mwerlebic `TviTneburad~ epyrobian
dros. isini Tavisuflad gadaanacvleben drois Tanmimdevrul mo-
nakveTebs, warmosaxvaSi ùreven~ da am gziT swvdebian adamianis
droSi arsebobis saidumloebas. maT ainteresebT adamiani univer-
salur droSi – maradiul awmyoSi.
arCibald mekeSis gonebas xSirad moicavs xolme burani da
TvalRia sizmars miecema. am SemTxvevaSi xdeba CaRrmaveba. arCi-
bald mekeSi mogonebiT midis sadRac Sors. mesopotamia – spar-
seTi: es uaxlesi gzaa. magram swored am gzis mogonebiT gavla
uSoresia. mesopotamia akvania kacobriobis. aq TviTon niadagSia
aseTi guneba. aq TiTqo yvelaferi bavSvia kidev, magram ramdeni
gauvlia am bavSvs. swored bavSvis xanis mogonebaa rTuli. rad-
gan misi xana ugrZelesia yvela xanaze. didi tolstoi hoi ra
marTalia. pirveli wlidan mexuTe wlamde xani ufro grZelia,
58 maia jaliaSvili
vidre mexuTe wlidan meoTxmoce wlamde. ugenialesi sinamdvile.

vin icis. egeb ukan pirveli wlis ukan, saSosken xani kidev uf-
ro metia. uTuod metia~.
arCibald mekeSs sakuTari fesvebis Zieba sxvadasxva mxare-
Si gadaisvris – fiqrebiT Tu realurad. yvelgan grZnobs sao-
car erTobas – rogorc zogadad adamiani, magram rogorc kon-
kretuli rasis pirovneba, ver isvenebs da Tavis sakuTar miwas
daeZebs. ase magaliTad, mesopotamiaSi, romelic mas kacobriobis
akvnad warmoudgeba, igi grZnobs miwis sinorCes. àq aris pirve-
li miwa: pirveli sicocxle~. swored aq igznebs Tavis Zirebs,
rogorc adamiani.
arCibald mekeSi mTeli romanis manZilze ase `mogzaurobs~
droSi. xan midis `Sors~, xan modis `Soridan~. xolo es `Sors~
xan egviptea, xan siria, xan `samoTxe~… amitomacaa, rom mis arse-
bobas, cxovrebas, azrovnebasa da gznebas ganapirobebs uZveles
xalxTa warmodgenebi samyaros arsze. mis fiqrTa mdinarebaSi
irekleba egvipturi, induri Tu sparsuli sibrZne. xdeba Zvel
aRmosavlur swavlebaTa erTgvari sinTezi.
baRdadidan hamadanamde arCibald mekeSma mravaljer daadga
fexi im balaxs, romelic, gadmocemiT, adamians gzas urevs. àrc
iqiT. arc aqeT. arc win. arc ukan. arc zemo. arc qvemo. gza ab-
neuli. atomi retdasxmuli... mekeSi eZebs Tavis Tavs. ver naxu-
lobs fesvebs~. arCibaldi xSirad `dneba~ sivrceSi. erTi aseTi
`gadnobisas~ man igzno, rom: `mTeli are: erTi udidesi arsi ar-
yofili miTosidan: romelic galeSili Tvlemidan erkveva~ da am
`gamorkvevisas~ arCibalds èZleva~ codna, rogorc saswauli.
igi grZnobs erTobas yvelaferTan, rac mis irgvlivaa. igi er-
wymis yovelives, TiTqos iSleba mTeli misi arseba da samyaroSi
ganzavdeba, oRond imgvarad, rom Tan ar hkargavs TavisTavs.
`TviTeuli da mTeli.
mTeli – ara grova calkeulebis –
aramed: sxeuli TviTeulebis…
TviTeuli marto: TiTqo mTels gamoyofili…
TviTeuli sxvebTan: TiTqo mTelSi gaxsnili…
qva. mcenare. wyali. cxoveli. kaci.
yoveli am rigiT da am saxiT~ (robaqiZe 1989: 231).
amgvari Serwymis gziT ki igi miagnebs im èrTs~, romelic
`yvelafers hqmnis~. èrTi didi usaxelo. ruaxh elohim: sunTqva
usaxelosi~. is èrTi~ aris da Tan `mravali~. ìgi ar aris arc
materia da arc suli.… an ukeT. igi am dayofis maRla dgas~.
msgavsi SegrZnebebi aqvs mTaze ganmartoebul hans kastorps
(T. manis `jadosnuri mTis~ gmirs): àm dros erTbaSad Tavisi
cxovrebis im adreul wlebSi gadavida, am ramdenime Ramis win
nanaxi uaxlesi STabeWdilebebiT aRZrul sizmars rom edo sa-
fuZvlad. iseTi Zlieri, mTliani da dro-Jamisa da sivrcis gama-
uqmebeli iyo es gadasvla cnebebSi ìq~ da `maSin~, rom Tamamad
SeiZleboda geTqvaT, aq, zeviT, CanCqeris piras, Zelskamze usulo
sxeuli wevs, xolo namdvili hans kastorpi gardasul Jamsa da
garemoSi imyofeba, Tumca, ubralo, magram mainc saxifaTo da gu-
lisamaCqrolebel situaciaSio~ (mani 1984: 197).
arCibald mekeSis CaRrmaveba droSi – irubaqiZeTa gvaris
istoriis gzneba – aris sakuTari arsebis Caketili `sivrceebis~
gasaRebi. gavixsenoT epizodi: xelnawerebiT savse kolofs zed
ewera: `gaxseni kolofi maSin, roca erTi fiqriT iqne liToni-
viT avsili~. èrTi fiqriT~ avsebas arCibaldma sicocxlis TiT-
qmis naxevari moandoma. dro jer Setborda TiTqos erT adgilas
da Semdeg `CaRrmavda~ – es ar aris ubralod warsuli – Cavli-
li da gardasuli. am `CaRrmavebul~ droSi – dro ar aris gayo-
fili monakveTebad, aramed mTliania, amitomac warsuli erTdro-
ulad awmyoc aris da momavalic. arCibaldma sakuTar TavSi unda
igrZnos gardasul irubaqiZeTa `vneba~, da es marTlac ase xdeba.
romanSi `wami~ da `maradi~ erTmaneTSi gadadis da
erTurTs enacvleba. erT epizodSi, varskvlavian RameSi, arCibal-
di usmens sferoTa musikas – es musika `droSia~, amitomac aris,
rom igi usmens `wams~ da `miriads~ erTdroulad – swvdeba
drois Sobis saidumloebas.
romanSi Tumca kalendaruli dro ar gamqrala, magram misi
funqcia minimumamdea dayvanili. Sinagani dro, romelic gansaz-
Rvrulia gmiris fiqrebiT, gancdiT, gansjiT – gadafaravs `ga-
regnul~ dros. drois es umciresi, obieqtur da astronomiul
droSi fiqsirebuli monakveTebi usazRvvrod farTovdeba cnobie-
rebis nakadis, asociaciebis, personaJTa fiqrebisa da azrebis,
warmodgenebisa da xilvebis wyalobiT, – wers rezo yaralaSvi-
li joisis ùliseze~ dakvirvebisas, – gmiris cnobierebas mkiT-
xveli gadahyavs uSores warsulsa da momavalSi, istoriasa da
miTosSi, sxvadasxva qveyanasa da mxareSi. aseTi teqnikis saSua-
lebiT sul mcire droc saocrad tevadi xdeba. awmyos yoveli
60 maia jaliaSvili
wami mTel samyaroebs moicavs, rac drois sruli gaqrobis, àx-

las~ dausrulebeli denadobis SegrZnebas warmoSobs. es yoveli-
ve SesaZlebeli xdeba cnobierebis moZraobis mikroskopuli ana-
lizis, azris umciresi niuansebisa da detalebis naturalistu-
ri aRnusxvis meSveobiT~ (yaralaSvili 1984: 75).
`gvelis perangSi~ awmyo ar aris mkafiod gamijnuli war-
sulisa da momavlisagan. is iracionaluria Tavisi arsiT. yvela-
feri warsulSi momxdaria, magram isev xdeba awmyoSi. dro ar
misdevs qronologias, aramed impulsebs, STabeWdilebebs, emoci-
ebs, SegrZnebebs.
imavdroulad, romanSi wamotivtivdeba `wminda dro~, rome-
lic gamoricxavs drois mdinarebas – qronoss. grigol robaqiZe
axdens drois berZnuli (miTosuri) da bibliuri koncepciebis
Serwymas, amgvari sinTezi ki ganapirobebs arCibald mekeSis mxat-
vruli saxis siRrmesa da sirTules.
`wminda droSi~ inaxeba Tesli, romelic profanulSi ga-
movlindeba, rogorc `mama~ an `Svili~. Tesli – es aris `me~,
ìs~ da `sxva~ erTad – xolo `gamovlenilSi~ _ cal-calke. Tan
am ganyofisas ìs~ ar ikargeba da rCeba, rogorc `sxva – aryo-
fili~.
`warmomSobi Zala kosmiuri.
mama da Svili erTad. erTimeoreSi. mama. èrTi~. Svili mama
da Tan `sxva~. jeims joisi wers ~uliseSi~: ìs, rac momavalSi
unda moxdes, axlave afens sakuTar Crdils~.
`gvelis perangis~ personaJi taba-tabai ambobs: `raRac su-
ni sdis… momavals~. grigol robaqiZe wers romanSi: `warsuls
mxolod iynosav, sxvarig mas ver aiTviseb. gardasuls surnelis
gzneba Tu moabrunebs~. swored amgvari `surnelis~ gznebiT ab-
runebs mwerali warsuls iransa Tu sparseTSi. `sparseTis tit-
vel napralebTan, RamiT, roca mTvare aTovda fantasmebs, arCi-
baldma igrZno, rom daibada qveynis meore piri: usaxelo – usxe-
ulo – xeluxlebi – orali. dRidan gamoyolilma mzis cxelma
surnelma masSi `gaacocxla~, ori aTasi wlis winaT rogor Se-
agdo aleqsandrem Tavisi bucefali ekbatanis simagreebSi. imav-
droulad, warmosaxvaSi wamotivtivdeba soleiman brwyinvalis
mier cxenis Segdeba aia-sofiis taZarSi. ori sxvadasxva `sivrci-
sa~ da `drois~ movlena gmiris cnobierebis `maradiul droSi~
SeerTda – orsave SemTxvevaSi gznebas aRvivebda `vneba da gada-
laxva~, rom `kacuri marTlac scildeba aq kacuris kidurs~.
marsel prustmac surneliT daabruna warsuli. igi werda:
ìs, rasac goneba gvawvdis warsulis saxeliT, marTla warsuli
rodia. sinamdvileSi Cveni cxovrebis yoveli wuTi – iseve ro-
gorc micvalebulTa sulebi zogierT xalxur legendaSi – sik-
vdilisTanave saxierdeba da Tavs afarebs romelime materialur
sagans. datyvevebulia, samudamod datyvevebuli, sanam am sagans
ar gadaveyrebiT. misi meSveobiT ganvlil wuTs SevicnobT, vux-
mobT da vaTavisuflebT~. CaiSi Cambali orcxobilis gemom da
surnelma mweralSi saswaulebrivi gancda gamoiwvia: ùecrad
mexsierebis mijnebi moirRva, Cems gonebaSi agarakze gatarebuli
wlebi SemoiWra da Tan moiyola zafxulis mravali dila, bedni-
eri wuTebis uwyveti nakadi~ (prusti 1993: 3).
Tu prusti amgvari gziT Tavis piradad gancdil, konkre-
tul warsuls abrunebda da dakargul dros kvlav moipovebda,
grigol robaqiZe zogadad adamianis, kacobriobis warsuls ìy-
nosavs~ da acocxlebs, igznebs.
netari avgustine Tavis àRsarebanSi~ wers: àris sami
dro-awmyo warsulisa, awmyo awmyosi da awmyo momavlisa. es ra-
Rac sami dro mxolod Cvens sulSi arsebobs da sxvagan versad
ver vxedavT maT. awmyo warsulisa-mexsierebaa, awmyo awmyosi –
uSualo Wvreta, awmyo momavlisa ki molodini~ (netari avgusti-
ne 1996: 2).
arCibald mekeSi swored amgvarad ganicdis dros – igi aw-
myoSia, Tan warsulsa da momavalSi, radgan mudmivad ixsenebs
warsuls, mudmivad Wvrets da mudmivad elodeba. drois amgvarad
ganmcdeli adamianisTvis samyaro gamWvirvale xdeba da dafaruli
xelSesaxebi.
xorxe luis borxesi musikas drois idumal formad miiC-
nevda. `Sopenhaueri ambobs: musikas ZaluZs iarsebos sivrcis ga-
reSe, musika droa. me gavagrZele es azri da vifiqre, rom
RmerTs ar Seuqmnia sivrce, man Seqmna dro, an Seqmna Tanmimdev-
roba. asec SeiZleba iTqvas. ase rom, SesaZlebelia, iarsebos
sityvebis, musikis, bgerebis meSveobiT erTmaneTTan urTierTobaSi
myofma cnobierebaTa samyarom, romelic ar saWiroebs sivrces.
igi sivrcis gareSe dgas, Tu ar CaTvliT, rom es gansazRvreba
TviTon warmoadgens sivrcobriv saxes. advilad warmosadgenia
pirwmindad droismieri samyaro, pirwmindad sivrcobrivis
warmodgena SeuZlebelia~ (borxesi 1996: 117).
62 maia jaliaSvili
`dro-Txrobis stiqia~, – ase uwodebs dros Tomas mani

`jadosnur mTaSi~. misi azriT, moTxrobas orgvari dro aqvs: sa-
kuTari, musikalur-realuri dro, romelic mis srbolas, mis ga-
movlenas ganapirobebs da meorec, Sinaarsiseuli dro, romelic
perspeqtiulia, oRond am TvalsazrisiT ise sxvadasxvagvari, rom
moTxrobis moCvenebiTi dro lamis savsebiT emTxveva Tavisave mu-
sikalur dros. Tomas mans magaliTad mohyavs xuTwuTiani valsis
xuT wuTSi Sesruleba, `xolo moTxroba, romlis Sinaarsiseuli
drois xangrZlivoba xuT wuTamde aRwevs, am xuT wuTs zedmi-
wevniT keTilsindisierad Tu Seavsebs, SeiZleba aTasjer metxans
gagrZeldes da xanmoklec gveCvenos, Tumca Tavis moCvenebiT
drosTan SedarebiT SeiZleba Zalze gaxangrZlivdes kidec. meore
mxriv, isic SesaZlebelia, im moTxrobis Sinaarsiseulma drom,
romlis sakuTari xangrZlivoba Semoklebis wyalobiT ganuzome-
li xdeba. diax, Semoklebas vambobT, raTa warmovaCinoT is ilu-
zoruli, anu ufro naTlad rom vTqvaT, avadmyofuri elementi,
rac aq zedgamoWrili gvgonia, radgan swored im hermetul magi-
asa da droismier zeperspeqtivas, zogierT aranormalur da aSka-
rad zegrZnobadi sferos momcvel realur gamocdilebas mogva-
gonebs~. Tomas mans am SemTxvevaSi Triaqis mwevelis magaliTi
mohyavs, xanmokle transis dros aT, ocdaaT da meti wlis mom-
cvel sizmrebs rom xedavs (mani 1984: 24).
xulio kortasaris `mdevarSi~ warmoCenilia musikisa da
drois originaluri urTierTdamokidebuleba. saqsofonisti joni
musikas ganicdis, rogorc Zalas, romelic `drois nakadSi iT-
revs~. `roca vukrav, dros ar vwydebi, mxolod viTqvifebi mas-
Si~ (kortasari 1984: 123). igi uceb dakvras Sewyvets da ambobs:
àmas me ukve xval vukrav~. `vinaidan joni yovelTvis `xval~
ukravs, mis mier im wuTSi dakruli ki ukan rCeba, rCeba swored
im `dRes~, romelsac iolad usxlteba igi Tavisi musikis pirve-
live bgerebiT~ (kortasari 1984: 122). `me vteni xolme mTel
Cems musikas im mcire droSi, roca vukrav~, – ambobs joni. mas
ukvirs, rogor SeiZleba, rom `saaTis meoTxedi fiqrobde da ama-
sobaSi mxolod wuTnaxevari gavides?~ `metroTi mgzavrobisas
ise vgrZnob Tavs, TiTqos zed saaTze vijde. sadgurebi – wuTe-
bi. gesmis, es Cveni droa, Cveulebrivi dro. magram me vici, arse-
bobs sxva droc da vcdilob, rame gavugo mas~ (kortasari 1984:
1270. joni ase hyveba dakvrisas gancdilze: àr arsebobda Cem-
Tvis arc dro da arc Semdeg. ar arsebobda araviTari `Semdeg~.…
raRac wamiT maradisobaSi aRmovCndi da fiqradac ar momsvlia,
rom es yovelive sicrue iyo, rom musikis gamo damemarTa ase,
rom musikam gamiyolia da damaxvia Tavbru... dakvra rogorc ki
davasrule,… imave wuTSi sakuTar Tavs davubrundi~ (kortasari
1984: 167).
joisis ùlises~ meTxuTmete epizodSi fantasmagoriulad
ixateba dro. TiTqos igi musikis saSualebiT Tavisufldeba yo-
velgvari àrtaxebisgan~ da gapirovndeba. profesori gudvini
roialze ukravs. mTeli sameZao saxli Seipyro “moZraobis poe-
ziam~ (ase uwodebs joisi cekvas), dromac TiTqos dro ixelTa:
“kunWulidan dilis saaTebi gamofrTxialdebian, oqrosTmianebi,
tankenarebi, msubuq sandlebSi, qalwulebriv iisferebSi gamowyo-
bilni, ubiwo xelebiT. moxdenilad cekvaven, saxtunela bawars
atrialeben. maT qarvaoqrosfersamosiani SuadRis saaTebi mosde-
ven. mxiarul ferxulSi Cabmulni, didroni savarcxlebis brWyvi-
aliT, xelebs maRla sweven da anci sarkeebiT mzis aTinaTs iWe-
ren~. `mwuxris saaTebi erTmaneTSi ixlarTebian, erTmaneTs rka-
lad gadaaWdoben mklavebs, ileTebis mozaikas qmnian~ (joisi
1983: 75).
`nebismieri sazogadoeba sakuTar `msoflxats~, `samyaros
models~ ayalibebs. es modeli aracnobieris sferoSi iSveba da
igi drois Sesaxeb Taviseburi warmodgenebiT sazrdoobs~, –
wers oqtavio pasi. misi azriT, dro udides rols TamaSobs sam-
yaros modelirebaSi. adamianebi arasodes aRiqvamen dros, ro-
gorc wminda xangrZlivobas. igi mowesrigebuli, marTvadi, gar-
kveul Sedegze mimarTuli procesia. adamianuri qcevebi da sit-
yvebi droisganaa nakeTebi, isini – droa: moZraoba aqeT an iqiT,
mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rogori iqneba realoba – aRvniSnavT mas
àq~Tu ìq~, an Tundac àrsad~. dro-sazrisis sacavia~ (pasi
1999: 4).
floberis prozaze dakvirvebisas J. Jeneti SeniSnavs dumi-
lis momentebs. misi azriT, aRwerebis simdidres floberTan iw-
vevs Wvretis siyvaruli, aRwera xSirad viTardeba aRwerisTvis,
moqmedebis xarjze. amgvari `dumilis momentebi~ xSiria qarTul
modernistul romanebSi. am dros Txroba TiTqos Cerdeba da
qvavdeba `saganTa gamaqvavebeli mzerisagan~ (sartri). Jenetis az-
riT, aq aris ormagad usityvo momentebi: pirvel rigSi, imitom,
rom personaJebma Sewyvites laparaki da usmenen samyaros xmebs
da Tavis ocnebebs. meored imitom, rom es Sesveneba dialogSi
64 maia jaliaSvili
aCerebs TviTon romanis metyvelebas, raRac drois xangrZlivobas

ganazavebs munj kiTxvaSi. aris erTgvari musikaluri momentebi,
roca Txroba ikargeba da daiviwyeba mWvretelobiT eqstazSi.
aseTi Sesvenebis udroo xasiaTi xazgasmulia zmnis axlandel
droze gadasvliT (Jeneti 1998: 229). misive azriT, floberma
pirvelma daiwyo kritika naratiuli funqciisa, rac dRemde sa-
fuZvelia romanisa. Txrobis amgvar ùsiyvarulobaSi~ Cans Tana-
medrove literaturis erTi aspeqti.
aRwera aRwerisTvis xSirad gvxvdeba qarTul modernis-
tul romanebSi. aqac Sesustebulia naratiuli funqcia. Wvreta
Warbobs moqmedebas. es ki iwvevs drois gauqmebasa da maradiso-
bis SegrZnebas.
`tramvai mixrialebs.
rusTvelis prospeqti mzeSia gaSxvarTuli.
prospeqtze kaci midis – (Suagul quCaSi: qvafenils gaur-
bis). acvia rusuli `surTuki~ moxelis folaqebiT: ukve gacve-
Tili. fexebze – getrebi: esec gacveTili. sayeloze – farTo
yelsaxvevi Zirs gaSlili. kaci maRali tanisaa. Tavze `kakardia-
ni~ qudi. magram midis rogorc oskar uaild. adamianTa maRla
ixedeba. Semogxedavs – (ara: Tvals mogkravs) – da uecrad aile-
weba: tani igrixeba da maRldeba. kaci odnav gaiRimebs. Semdeg
isev Sors iwyebs cqeras~ (robaqiZe 1989: 215). am kacs sxvagan
romanSi aRar SevxvdebiT, miuxedavad amisa, mwerali dawvrilebiT
aRwers mis nakvTebsa da moZraobebs.
ai, ase aRwers savarsamiZe baronesas sasaxles: `garedan es
saxli TvalsaCino rames ar warmoadgenda. tipiuri antiuri sa-
saxle, romelsac zedve etyoba mravalgzisi restavracia. wina
nawilis SuagulSi Cveulebrivi romauli atriumi. SuSiT gadaxu-
ruli erdo. ukana korpusSi gayviTlebuli doriuli svetebiT
Semortymuli romauli peristoli~ (gamsaxurdia 1992: 171).
Sarl bodleri wers `xelovnur samoTxeSi~: `ras warmoad-
gens adamianis tvini, Tu ara ukidegano da bunebriv palimf-
sests? Cemi tvini palimfsestia da Tqvenic, mkiTxvelo, agreTve.
azrTa, grZnobaTa uamravi Sre Tqvens tvinSi dadebulia erTma-
neTze, erTimeoris miyolebiT msubuqad, rogorc sinaTle. TiT-
qos yovel momdevnos unda daemarxa wina, magram sinamdvileSi
arc erTi ar momkvdara. daviwyeba aRmoCnda wuTieri da romeli-
Rac sazeimo wuTebSi, SesaZloa, swored sikvdilisas, an saer-
Tod, Zlieri aRgznebisas, romelsac qmnis opiumi, es usazRvro
da rTuli palimfsesti xsovnisa datrialdeba erTdroulad,
yvela SriT, dabalzamirebuli saidumlo TemebiT, romelTac Cven
daviwyebas vuwodebT. imis msgavsad, rom nebismieri moqmedeba,
samyaroSi gasrolili, TavisTavad Seuqcevadi da aRudgeneli,
rogorc nebismieri azri – waruSlelia. xsovnis palimfsesti
daurRvevelia~.
am `palimfsestis~ yvela Sres, ra Tqma unda, Tavisi dro
aqvs da roca romelime maTgani zedapirze wamotivtivdeba, is
Tavis drosac moiyolebs. rac ufro rTulia xasiaTi, miT ufro
ulevia palimfsestis SreTa raodenoba. qarTuli modernistuli
romanis gmirTa xsovnac palimfsesturi figuralobiT warmoud-
geba mkiTxvels.
zedapirze arsebuli qceva xSirad ganpirobebulia am xsov-
nis palimfsestis romeliRac miviwyebuli SriT. magaliTad, sa-
varsamiZis aRzrdam erTgvarad ganapiroba misi gaorebuloba war-
marTobasa da qristianobas Soris. bavSvobis `dro~ masSi ar wai-
Sala da Sesabamis pirobebSi ifeTqebs xolme. xom ambobs kidec
erTi personaJi – iohanes noiSteti: `yoveli adamiani mudam er-
Tsa da imaves ganicdis... mxolod sxvadasxva variaciiT, bavSvobis
pirvel Rimilidan pirvel vnebamdis, pirveli vnebidan – pirvel
sikvdilamdis~.
sikvdili ganicdeba, rogorc maradiulad arsebuli dro
adamianSi – dabadebidan `bolo sikvdilamde~. `Cven sicocxleSive
mravaljer unda movkvdeT. Cven bavSvobaSi vcocxlobT mxolod
namdvili cxovrebiT. sxva danarCeni adamituri ucodvelobis mo-
gonebaa da adrindel bednierebaze dardi. me sisxli meyineba, ro-
ca gavifiqreb, rom Cven sikvdilisgan dadaRuli vibadebiT, merme
Cvens tuCebze aTasi Rimili ielvebs da sikvdili yvelas ise wa-
lekavs, rogorc qviSaze frinvelis nakvalevs qari~ (gamsaxurdia
1992: 235).
sikvdilis SiSs ganapirobebs adamianis mier momavlis uco-
dinrobac. bianka eubneba savarsamiZes, rom maTi saxlis win gam-
xmari nuSi erTi wlis darguli iyo. `moulodnelad mokvda is
nuSis xe, misgan Civili aravis gaugonia! ai, netav Cven SegveZ-
los viswavloT uCivlelad sikvdili~.
droSi CaRrmavebiT qarTuli modernistuli romanebis gmi-
rebisTvis naTeli xdeba konfliqti maTsa da dros Soris. axal-
ma drom moitana imgvari ram, rac maT xels uSlida transcen-
dentalur samyarosTan kavSirSi. RmerTTan misasvleli gza TiT-
66 maia jaliaSvili
qos gaSualda (es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba konstantine savarsami-

Zisa da bondo WilaZis saxeebSi). `miwa da ca, romelic filo-
sofiam RmerTebis gareSe datova, TandaTan saSinelma teqnikurma
konstruqciebma daikava. mxolod erTia, rom es qmnilebebi ara-
fers gamoxataven da arsebiTad, metyvelebis unarsac moklebul-
ni arian. romanuli taZrebis, budisturi safexurebis, meqsoame-
rikuli piramidebis safuZvelSi drois ideaa Cadebuli da maT
formaSi samyaros Sesaxeb warmodgenaa ganxorcielebuli: arqi-
teqtura TiTqos kosmosis simboluri oreuli iyo. barokuli
sasaxle – mrude xazebis monologi, romelic itoteba da er-
Tdeba, netarebisa da sikvdilis monologi, mogoneba, romelsac
daviwyeba cvlis, indoelTa taZari – qvis erotikuli Sambnari...
ras gveubnebian Cven rkinigzis sadgurebi, dawesebulebaTa Senobe-
bi, qarxnebi da sazogadoebrivi Zeglebi? eseni ver metyveleben –
eseni funqciebi arian da ara mniSvnelobebi, energiis centrebi,
nebisyofis Zeglebi, Zal-RoniT aRsavse niSnebi – magram ara saz-
risi. Zveli qmnilebebi sinamdvilis Sesaxeb warmodgenebs gamoxa-
tavdnen – rogorc realuris, ise warmosaxviTis. teqnikis qmni-
lebani sinamdvileze Zaladobaa~, `samyaro rogorc modeli, ro-
gorc xati, qreba~ (pasi 1999: 4).
damowmebani
borxesi 1994: borxesi x., baRi `romelSic bilikebi itotebian.

J. `XX saukune~, #1, 1994
borxesi 1996: borxesi x., enigmaTa sarke. Tb., 1996
buaCiZe 1993: buaCiZe T., fridrix nicSe da misi èse ityoda za-
ratustra~. wignSi èse ityoda zaratustra~. Tb.,
1993
gamsaxurdia 1992: gamsaxurdia k., dionisos Rimili. Txz. 20
tomad. t.II. Tb., 1992
gomarTeli 1997: gomarTeli a., qarTuli simbolisturi proza.
Tb., 1997
emersoni 1989: emersoni r., esseebi, Tb., 1989
kiziria 1989: kiziria d., grigol robaqiZis `gvelis perangi”
rusul-evropuli simbolizmis konteqstSi. gaz. `li-
ter. saqarTvelo~, 2 ivnisi, 1989
kortasari 1984: kortasari x., mdevari, Tb., 1984
losevi 1990: losevi a., samyaros dialeqtika, Mm. 1990 (rusul
enaze)
mani 1984 : mani T., jadosnuri mTa. Tb., t. I. Tb., 1978, t. II.
Tb., 1984
mani 1989: mani T., esseebi, Tb., 1989
netari avgustine 1996: netari avgustine., dro. gaz. `liter.
saqarTvelo~, 23 – 30 agvisto, 1996
nicSe 1993: nicSe, f., ese ityoda zaratustra. Tb., 1993
pasi 1999: pasi o., axali analogia. poezia da teqnologia. J.
“arili~. 8-21, aprili. 1999
prusti 1993: prusti m., wignis kiTxva. Tb., 1993
Jeneti 1998: Jeneti J., figurebi, m. 1998 (rusul enaze)
robaqiZe 1991: robaqiZe gr., saqarT. saTaveni J. `liter. da xe-
lov.”.#2, 1991
robaqiZe 1989: robaqiZe gr., `gvelis perangi~, `falestra~. Tb.,
1989
sartri 1984: sartri Jan-pol., dro folkneris romanSi “xmau-
ri da mZvinvareba~.
folkneri 1984: folkneri u., saubrebi, Tb., 1984
Sengelaia 1983: Sengelaia d., sanavardo. rC. Tb., 1983
Sengelaia 1960: Sengelaia d., Txz. 2 tomad, t. II, Tb., 1960
yaralaSvili 1984: yaralaSvili r., drois gauqmeba jeims joi-
sis da herman heses TxrobaSi. wignSi: jeims joisi-
100~. Tb., 1984
yaralaSvili 1988: yaralaSvili r., aRsarebiTi prozis tradicia
da Tanamedrove `centriskenuli~ romani. wignSi: `da-
savleT evropis literatura~, Tb., 1988
joisi 1983: joisi j., ulise. Tb., 1983
zeinab kikviZe
eris cnobierebaSi arsebul

idiomaTa dro-sivrculi
semantemebi
droisa da sivrcis semantemaTa ga-

gebisas, upirvelesad, asociaciurad cno-
bierebaSi warmoCindeba universumis Seq-
mnis faqti. adamianuri goni leqsemaTa
ganmartebisas konkretuli mniSvnelobis
miniWebis funqcias aRsaniSns ukavSirebs,
radgan aRsaniSni yovelTvis iTxovs aR-
mniSvnels. misi funqcia ki gacilebiT
ufro meti xdeba, vidre ubralod sag-
nis, an movlenis fiqsacia. aq aucileb-
lad unda gavixsenoT Carlz pirsis cno-
bili gamoTqma: cnobierebaSi niSani ax-
dens sagnis reprezentacias da enacvleba
mas [pirsi 2000:]. mecnieris ganmartebiT,
elementaruli niSnuri urTierTobisaT-
vis, anu imisaTvis, rom niSani niSnad Ca-
iTvalos, aucilebelia triaduli anu
samwevra mTlianoba: aRsaniSni sagani, ni-
Sani da Semecneba, romelic gonebaSi mim-
dinareobs. pirsis TeoriaSi es sami po-
zicia ase gamoiyureba: niSani anu repre-
zentanti warmoadgens aRqmisaTvis misaw-
vdom elements, romelic obieqts enac-
vleba; interpretanta_am obieqtis menta-
luri anu cnobierebis Sesatyvisi xati
da TviT obieqti anu referenti [kvaWan-
tiraZe 2008:97].
eris cnobierebaSi arsebul idiomaTa dro-sivrculi semantemebi 69
pirsiseul interpretantaSi kodis saxiT Cadebulia is
kulturul-msoflmxedvelobrivi damokidebuleba, romelsac
iCens esa Tu is piri garemomcveli samyarosadmi. calkeul pi-
rovnebaTa pozicia swored droisa da sivrcis urTierTzemoqme-
debis Sedegad ayalibebs eTnosis, eris, saxelmwifos damokidebu-
lebas aRsaniSnis mimarT, rac uSualo kavSirSia eTnokulturu-
li poziciis CamoyalibebasTan. eTnokultura ki formdeba enis
wiaRSi. ena ar SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc mxolod sakomu-
nikacio saSualeba; masSi diaqronulad da sinqronulad vlindeba
eTnoazrovnebis umniSvnelovanesi gamoxatulebani. enis es unika-
luri fenomeni saSualebas gvaZlevs vikvlioT masSi arsebuli
idiomebi, rogorc ara mxolod mxatvruli enis gamovlinebani,
aramed _ rogorc msoflmxedvelobrivi koncepti.
,,enis Seswavla mis bunebriv mdgomareobaSi gulisxmobs yu-
radRebis gamaxvilebas im kulturul sivrceze, romelsac asa-
xavs da romelSic moqmedebs ena, rogorc garkveuli erovnul-
lingvo-kulturuli erTobis ena. es sivrce erovnul-kulturu-
lia, igi am enis matarebelTa masobrivi (koleqtiuri) cnobiere-
biT asaxuli kulturaa, romelic eris sametyvelo moqmedebis,
enobrivi cnobierebisa da komunikaciis Taviseburebebs avlens”
[omiaZe 2008:72]. enis arsebobis istoria afiqsirebs yvela epoqa-
lur movlenas, adamianTa cxovrebis wess, gardaqnis maT enobriv
erTeulebad da leqsikur saganZurSi uCens adgils.
amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom enaSi aRdgeba warsuli, ro-
melic xSirad paradgimulad meordeba da TanamedroveobisTvis
iZens myarad arebuli arqetipis funqcias.
qarTvel mwerals jemal qarCxaZes Tu davesesxebiT, ada-
miani ibadeba droSi, sivrcesa da enaSi. es sami faqtori erTma-
neTTan gansakuTrebul urTierTobas qmnis da ayalibebs erTian
mTlianobas, romelSic TiToeul komponents garkveuli funqcia
eniWeba.
adamianis dabadebis drois gagebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia
ori aspeqti: erTi, Tavad konkretuli TariRi, roca esa Tu is
individi evlineba qveyanas, da dro, Jami, romelic arsebobs am
momentisaTvis, rogorc garkveuli epoqis maxasiaTebeli. aseTive
gansazRvra Seesabameba sivrcesac,_ is moiazreba, rogorc konkre-
tuli adgili, sadac adamiani ibadeba, da im socio-kulturuli
ganfenis gamoxatuleba, romelSic Sedis am adamianis dabadebis
konkretuli sivrce. Tu sivrcesa da drois kategoriebs am or-
70 zeinab kikviZe
mag funqcias mivaniWebT, maSin isini enaSi unda erwymodnen

erTmaneTs. Sesabamisad adamiani myofobs enaSi, mocemul drosa
da mocemul sivrceSi. enaSi inaxeba identobisa da mentalobis
gamomvleni sazomebi. xolo maTi CatvirTva enis mexsierebaSi, ra
Tqma unda, ar ifargleba mxolod erTi empiriuli qronotopiT.
is yalibdeba mudmivad, TavisTavad ganicdis maradiul cvlilebas
da qmnis myar semantemebs, romelTa mniSvnelSi kodirebulia da-
mokidebulebiT mimarTebaTa variaciebi. yofiereba, rogorc aRsa-
niSni, iTavsebs dros, rogorc aRmniSvnels. xolo maTi mudmivi
cvlileba formdeba konotaciurad.
davubrundeT zemoxsenebul frazas. masSi Cadebuli sazri-
si SeiZleba gadavitanoT erze im logikiT, rom erTi sivrcisa
da drois, Sesabamisad _ erTnairi genetikuri kodebis, mentalo-
bis mqone adamianebis gaerTianeba qmnis ers. maSin SeiZleba
vTqvaT, rom eri myofobs droSi, sivrcesa da cnobierebaSi. rad-
gan swored cnobierebaSi xdeba niSnisa da sagnis mimarTebebis va-
rireba da dadgineba. Tumca aqac unda dazustdes, ra unda vigu-
lisxmoT drosa da sivrceSi.
martin haidegeri miiCnevda, rom yofiereba yovelTvis dro-
is TvalsazrisiTaa wvdomadi. arsebobis konkretuli monakveTi
Tavis adgils poulobs Jamis usasrulo mdinarebaSi. filosofo-
sis azriT, ,,munyofierebis ZiriTadi istoriuloba Tavad misTvis
dafaruli rCeba. magram igi SeiZleba garkveuli saxiT iqnas aR-
moCenili da Taviseburad movlili. munyofierebas SeuZlia tra-
dicia aRmoaCinos da aSkarad misdios mas. tradiciis aRmoCena da
imis axsna, Tu ras ,,gadmogvcems” igi da rogor gadmogvcems, Se-
iZleba gagebuli iqnas, rogorc damoukidebeli amocana. munyofi-
erebas aseve Seaqvs Tavisi Tavi JamTaaRmwerlur kiTxvebsa da ga-
mokvlevebSi. magram JamTaRmwerloba _ rogorc SemkiTxveli mun-
yofierebis wesi _ SesaZlebelia mxolod imitom, rom igi Tavisi
yofierebis safuZvelSi istoriulobiTaa gansazRvruli” [haide-
geri 1989:41].
eris myofobis istoriuli safuZvlisa da misi sivrce-
droiTi parametrebis Sesaxeb enobrivi konteqsti amouwurav ma-
salas iZleva. miT ufro, rom ena aris sazogadoebis mexsiereba
da eris cnobierebis gamomvleni niSnebSi.
amrigad, sivrce-drois semantemaTa gagebisas, upiratesad
unda ganixilebodes ara mxolod empiriuli, xiluli dro da
sivrce, aramed gonSi Cadebuli, cnobierebis mier aRqmuli uni-
versumi, rogorc usasrulo gaerTianeba konotaciebisa.
adamianisa Tu eris monawileoba msoflio arsebobaSi gai-
azreba im fsiqologiuri damokidebulebiT, romelsac drois
lokali sTavazobs sivrcis lokals. drois lokalSi vgulis-
xmobT filosofiur, kulturul-esTetikur, politikur, ekono-
mikur elementebs; xolo sivrcis lokalSi moviazrebT eTnoss,
ers, sociums, saxelmwifos. pirvelis dinamikuroba moqmedebs me-
oris statikurobaze. aseve, gansazRvravs sazogadoebis msof-
lmxedvelobriv principebs. orive faqtori umniSvnelovanesia ar-
sebobisaTvis.
Tu samuSao hipoTezad miviCnevT im mosazrebas, rom bina-
ruli struqturebi ganapirobeben arsebobis wess, maSin SesaZle-
belia vimsjeloT qarTul erovnul cnobierebaSi Camoyalibebuli
idiomebis droisa da sivrcis kategoriebTan mimarTebaze. roca
binarul struqturaze vsaubrobT, am SemTxvevaSi vgulisxmobT
sxvadasxva epoqaSi qveynis damokidebulebasa da CarTulobas
msoflio arsebobaSi.
saocaria, magram faqtia, rom saqarTvelos ama Tu im dros
(drois politikuri azrgagebiT _z.k) or, radikalurad gansxva-
vebul saxelmwifosTan, religiasTan, mentalobasa Tu msof-
lmxedvelobasTan uxdeboda urTierToba, da es ar iyo mxolod
politikuri arsebobis wesi. qveyana mudmivad idga arCevanis wi-
naSe: gaevlo ,,scilasa” da ,,qaribdas” Soris, rom aecilebina ma-
Ti mtruli damokidebuleba. xSir SemTxvevaSi ki, iZulebuli
iyo, mieRo romelime maTganis SemoTavazebuli pozicia, rom ga-
darCeniliyo rogorc fizikurad, ise _ mentalurad. xangrZlivi
drois Sedegad arsebulma mdgomareobam Tavisi asaxva hpova eT-
nosis cnobierebaSi. mudmiv brZolebsa da daZabulobaSi yofnam
saocnebo da sasurveli sivrcis referents enaSi Sesabamisi aR-
mniSvneli gamouZebna, romelic myar konceptad dafiqsirda qar-
Tul zepirmetyvelebaSi.
saocnebo, bednieri areali imyofeboda ,,cxra mTisa da
cxra zRvis iqiT”. SesaZloa, es frazeologizmi uZveles, miTo-
sur droSic ki gaCeniliyo, radgan miTosuri epoqa ar icnobs
eTnosur dros da masSi Sesabamisad arc sivrcis faqtobrivi
konstatacia xdeba. amitom es e.w. sasurveli sivrce, magram ma-
inc araadgili, cnobierebaSi aucileblad unda gamovleniliyo
da mieRo interpretantas funqcia.
72 zeinab kikviZe
ra SeiZleboda yofiliyo cxra mTasa da cxra zRvas iqiT?

pasuxi ver iqneba erTi mniSvnelobis Semcveli. igi SeiZleba ga-
viazroT: rogorc azrovnebiTi wvdoma kacobriobis saukeTeso
monapovrebisa, an rogorc miuwvdomeli bednierebis gamomxatve-
li, an kidev TviTdadginebis sazomi adgili. ra mniSvnelobac un-
da vigulisxmoT, es Sesityveba mkafiod gveubneba, rom sasurve-
li obieqti iyo sadRac Sors, daukonkretebel alagas, sadac
moxvedra dabrkolebaTa gadalaxvis Sedegad problemaTa gadaWras
iTvaliswinebda.
azrovnebis aseTi wesi ar iyo mxolod sakuTriv qarTuli.
argonavtebis miTis mixedviT, peliasma iazoni ,,cxra mTisa da
cxra zRvis aqeT”, kolxeTSi gamoistumra, rom, Tu zRvaze xi-
faTs gadaurCeboda, aietis mrisxanebas daeRupa. Tumca is, rac
peliasisaTvis ZmiSvilis gasanadgurebeli saSualeba iyo, iazoni-
saTvis xelmwifobis mosapovebel gzad iqceoda. oqros sawmisis
dauflebiT iniciaciis SesrulebisaTvis aucilebeli yvela dab-
rkoleba gadailaxa da bedniereba gacxadda. magram umTavresi ma-
inc is aris, rogor azrovnebda qarTveli da ras ukavSirdeboda
es azrovneba, arsebobis aziur Tu evropul wesebs? am sivrciTi
arealebis religiur Tu msoflmxedvelobriv denotatebs? ras
iTvaliswinebda erovnuli identobis Ziebisas?
qarTuli eposebis gmirebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi adgebodnen
gzas, romelic midioda ,,cxra mTisa da cxra zRvis iqiT”, es iyo
erTgvari iniciaciuri svla, rituali sakuTari, pirovnuli iden-
tobis fiqsaciisaTvis. rusTavelis gmiric imeorebs am rituals
da misi simRera aerTianebs maSindeli samyaros civilizacias erT
sivrcul fokusSi, romlis mixedviTac, saqarTvelo saxelmwifoTa
gzajvaredinze moiazreboda. am SemTxvevaSi qarTuli dro da siv-
rce erTiandeba erT konceptualur velSi, romlis arsebobas gan-
sazRvravs renesansisaTvis niSneuli humanisturi azrovneba.
TiTqmis iseTive mniSvnelobiT mkvidrdeba idioma ,,bewvis
xidze gavla.” masSi nagulisxmevi azris mixedviT, subieqtisaTvis
miznis asrulebis SesaZleblobani didi riskisa da Zalisxmevis
Sedegad miiRweva. frazis arsi Teologiuria da misi gamoyeneba
maxasiaTebelia qristianuli da islamuri doqtrinebisaTvis. T.
saxokias ganmartebiT, es gamoTqma momdinareobs xalxis Zveli
rwmenidan: ,,saiqioSi, sanam samoTxeSi an jojoxeTSi Sevidodes
kaci, gzaze daxvdeba aduRebuli kupris zRva, zed gadebulia
bewvis xidi da amaze unda gaiaros, Tu adamiani codvilia, bewvi
Cauwydeba, karg kacs ki misi namoqmedari sikeTe da madli mSvi-
dobiT gadaatarebs bewvis xidze” [saxokia 1979:55]. aseTive Sexe-
duleba fiqsirdeba hadisebSi: ,,bewvis xidze (siraT) zogni si-
naTlis xtomiT, zogni cxenis Wenebis msgavsad, zogni ki daoT-
xilni (xelebisa da muxlebis meSveobiT), zogni naxevrad cec-
xlmokidebulni, zogni ki saerTod ver gaivlian da jojoxeTSi
amohyofen Tavs. [http://www.iman.ge/]
,,bewvis xidis” sivrculi gamoxatuleba cnobierebaSi myo-
fobs da is aSkarad konotaciuri mniSvnelobisaa. ilia WavWava-
Zis ,,mgzavris werilebSi” mas erwymis Sesityvebis ,,oTxi weli-
wadis” funqcia. masSi arsebuli denotaciuri mniSvneloba
(mwerlis mier ruseTSi gatarebuli wlebi) gardaiqmneba konota-
ciurad da es xerxdeba swored ,,oTxi weliwadis” ,,bewvis xid-
Tan” dakavSirebiT. ,,oTxi weliwadi iyo, rac me ruseTSi vimyo-
febodi da Cemi qveyana ar menaxa. oTxi weliwadi! ici, mkiTxve-
lo, es oTxi weliwadi ra oTxi weliwadia! pirveli, rom mTeli
saukunea misTvis, vinc Tavis qveyanas moSorebia. meore, eg oTxi
weliwadi cxovrebis saZirkvelia, cxovrebis wyaros saTavea, bew-
vis xidia, sibnelisa da sinaTlis Sua bedisagan gadebuli...… o,
Zvirfaso oTxo weliwado, netavi imas, visac Sengan gadebuli
bewvis xidi fexTa-qveS ar Caswydomia, netavi imas, vinc Sen ri-
gianad mogixmara” [WavWavaZe 1984:198].
mwerals eris cnobierebaSi arsebuli drois kategoriis
gansazRvris axleburi gageba Semoaqvs, romelic dakavSirebulia
ganaTlebasa da misi moxmarebis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobasTan. am
SemTxvevaSi drois aRmniSvneli ,,oTxi weliwadi” upirispirdeba
adre gaCenil idiomas ,,Savi dro,” romelic gvian Sua saukuneebs
ukavSirdeba da literaturaSi mkafiod Tavs iCens romantikoseb-
Tan. miT ufro, rom empiriulobis dasaxasiaTeblad romantizmis
logikur, saazrovno sferoSi Tavsdeba da upirispirdeba kon-
cepts ,,cisferi,” romlis semantikuri mniSvneloba asaxavs samya-
rosadmi (sivrcisadmi) romantikul damokidebulebas, sasurveli
gaitanos empiriis miRma, idealurSi. Savi, rogorc dro, da cis-
feri, rogorc sivrce, iqceva erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSire-
bul konceptebad, maTSi antinomiurad aisaxeba drosivrculi aR-
saniSnebi. Tu cisfers vaniWebT Savis antonimur mniSvnelobas, es
imas niSnavs, rom masSi gaTvaliswinebulia TeTris, naTlis deno-
tatic, rac TavisTavad ukve konceptia iliasTan. mwerali umoq-
medobas, uswavlelobas (anu sibneles) upirispirebs qmedebas, ga-
74 zeinab kikviZe
naTlebas (anu sinaTles), rasac, 60-ianelTa TvalsazrisiT, um-

Tavresi roli eniWeboda eris vinaobis garkvevisa da aRdgenisaT-
vis. amave konteqstSi logikurad Tavsdeba koncepti ,,bewvis xi-
di,” rogorc erTgvari sademarkacio xazi. drois konceptis aR-
mniSvneli ,,oTxi weliwadi,” masSi kodirebuli miznobriobiT, em-
saxureba evropul sivrcesTan eris msoflmxedvelobriv miaxlo-
ebas. amitom is unda miviCnioT rogorc ,,qarTuli drois” aR-
mniSvneli, romlis ganzomilebac SesaZloa mTel saukunes itev-
des.
ilia WavWavaZis nawerebidan enaSi mkvidrdeba koncepti
,,Tergdaleulebi”. misi mniSvnelobis gaazrebisas aucileblad
unda gaviTvaliswinoT msoflio kulturisaTvis kargad cnobili
da simboluri funqciurobiT tevadi mdinaris koncepti. masSi
Semavali arqetipebidan ramdenimeze SevCerdebiT.
bibliis mixedviT, mdinare gaazrebulia, rogorc erTgvari
sazRvari Zvelis dasasrulisa da axlis dasawyisisa. ormoci
wlis ganmavlobaSi udabnoSi moxetiale israelis SvilebisaTvis
iordanes gadalaxva erTgvari ideafiqse iyo, riTac wertili un-
da dasmoda egvipteze mogonebebs da ,,aRTqmuli qveynis” damkvid-
reba dawyebuliyo. berZnul miTologiaSi qvesknelis mdinareebs
(stiqsi, leTa, xaroni) amqveyniuri cxovreba unda daeviwyebinaT
gardacvlilebisaTvis da suleTSi gadaeyvanaT. daaxloebiT ase-
Tive mniSvnelobis unda iyos qarTuli miTologiis simuris wya-
lic. Tumca frazeologizmi ,,Cailuris wyali dalia” ufro mka-
fiod asaxavda sicocxlisa da sikvdilis sazRvars. Tergis
wylis ,,daleva”(simboliuri gagebiT) niSnavda adamianis mier am
mdinaris Tvisebebis (isev iliadan _ ,,giJi, gadareuli, mRvrie,
daumonavi Tergi”, z.k.) miRebas.
Tu isev Carlz pirsis samwevra mTlianobas moviSveliebT,
Tergi aris referenti, misi, rogorc mdinaris, miTosur-empiriu-
li mniSvneloba _ reprezentanti, xolo am konceptis dedaaazri,
romelic damkvidrda eris cnobierebaSi, rogorc mentaluri xa-
ti _ interpretanta. Tergdaleulebs uwodebdnen im pirovnebebs,
romlebic ruseTSi iRebdnen ganaTlebas, eziarebodnen demokrati-
ul ideebs da cdilobdnen TavianTi gamocdileba qveynis sasike-
Tod da warmatebisaTvis gamoeyenebinaT. am SemTxvevaSi ,,Ter-
gdaleuloba” aRiqmeba evropul sivrcesTan Tanaziarobis gamom-
xatvel konceptad.
mogviano periodSi _ XX saukunis dasawyisSi _ evropul
civilizaciasTan ziareba ruseTSi tranzitis gareSe gaxda SesaZ-
lebeli, Tu XIX saukuneSi saqarTvelosaTvis ganaTlebis evro-
pulobas ruseTis universitetebi qmnidnen, gasuli saukunis pir-
velive wlebSi Cveni qveynisaTvis evropulobis sazomad TviT ev-
ropulobis sivrce iqca, rac umal Seimosa enobriv qsovil-
Si_Tergdaleulobas raindaleuloba Caenacvla. evropulma, ker-
Zod ki _ germanulenovani filosofiis principebma, qarTul su-
lierebaSi amoZebna daviwyebuli arqetipebi da modernistul li-
teraturaSi sawyisTan mibrunebis impulsebi gaamZafra.
konstantine gamsaxurdia werda: ,,me davibade msoflios
umcires da umokles mdinaris pirad...… rogorc winaT miRebuli
iyo, me momixda ramdenime universitetSi swavla. yvelgan da yo-
velTvis mixdeboda gajibreba germanelebTan, ebraelebTan, polo-
nelebTan, amerikelebTan, frangebTan. aravis vumxeldi, magram Cem
Tavs veubnebodi: Sen, hei, msoflios umcires mdinaris piras So-
bilo biWo, ar gajobon didi mdinareebis pirad dabadebulTa”
[gamsaxurdia 1985:511]. am amonaridSic ikveTeba mdinaris, rogorc
konceptis, ZiriTadi arsi. masSi Cadebuli simbolika mianiSnebda
saqarTvelos simcires msoflios wamyvan qveynebTan SedarebiT.
magram Tu simcire teritoriuli da politikuri mniSvnelobis
gamomxatveli Tviseba iyo, mis Svilebs marTebdaT mentalur do-
neze amodgomodnen gverdiT msoflio civilizacias da sakuTari
adgili ganesazRvraT.
Tu Tergisa da rainis arsi erTi kontinentis toposur
idiomas qmnida da masSi, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebis, esTetikuri
principebisa da saqarTvelos Zveli mentalobis aRdgenis ideas
ganasaxierebda, TanamedroveobaSi idiomaTa semantikuri areali
gascda ,,beber” kontinents da igive principebi sivrculad da
azrobrivadac axla ufro meti masStabebiT gamosaxa. ,,Tergdale-
ulebisa” da ,,raindaleulebis” msgavsad gaCnda koncepti ,,okea-
nedaleulebi” (atlantdaleulebi). magram misi masStaburoba re-
ferentis sididiTa da vrculobiT ar gansazRvrula. masSi Caido
adamianTa damokidebulebebi, cxovrebis wesi, mentaluri niSnebi,
kulturul-filosofiuri orientirebi, politikur-ekonomikuri
urTierTobebi. am SemTxvevaSi difuzia ganicada triadulma
mTlianobam (aRsaniSnma saganma, niSanma da Semecnebam). referentis
vrculoba gadavida reprezentantisa da interpretantas funqci-
ebze.
76 zeinab kikviZe
qarTuli msoflmxedvelobrivi orientirebis qronotopuli

fiqsacia, faqtobrivad, erTi ZiriTadi arsis gamomxatvelia. ar-
sebuli drois kvaldakval semantema ,,evropuli sivrce” mianiS-
nebs Sesabamis aRmniSvnels da modificirdeba calkeuli epoqis
Sesabamisad. Tumca masSi gaazrebuli erovnuli cnobierebis xati
ar icvleba, _ interpretanta gardaiqmneba erTgvar mudmivad,
romelSic myofobs qarTuli mentalobis ganmsazRvreli dro-siv-
rculi orientirebi.
gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. Abrams 1999: Abrams M.H., A Glossary of Literary Tearms

(seventh edition). Cornell University. 1999
2. gamsaxurdia 1985: gamsaxurdia k., sityva, warmoTqmuli saiu-
bileo saRamoze, zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis
TeatrSi, Txz. t. VIII, Tb., 1985
3. kvaWantiraZe 2008: kvaWantiraZe m., enis semiologiuri kvle-
vis meTodologiisaTvis, XX saukunis ZiriTadi me-
Todologiuri koncefciebi da mimdinareobebi (T.
doiaSvilisa da i. ratianis redaqciiT), Tb., 2008
4. raSi gmoixateba bewvis xidis WeSmariteba?
http://www.iman.ge/
5. omiaZe 2008: omiaZe s., bunebrivi ena da kultura_ eris
cocxali mexsiereba, semiotika #4, 2008
6. pirsi 2000: Пирс Ч. С., Избранные философские произведения,
М., 2000
7. saxokia 1979: saxokia T., qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani.
Tb., 1979
8. WavWavaZe 1984: WavWavaZe i., Txzulebani, Tb., 1984
9. haidegeri 1989: haidegeri m., yofiereba da dro (g. TevzaZis
Targmani), Tb., 1989.
salome omiaZe
punqtualuroba, rogorc
drois konceptis
erT-erTi Semadgeneli
dro erT-erTi ZiriTadi konceptia

nebismieri lingvokulturis konceptos-
feroSi. mis mravalganzomilebian struq-
turaSi gamoiyofa droiTi sizustisadmi
damokidebuleba anu punqtualuroba, rom-
lis enobrivi reprezentaciis Seswavlac
mniSvnelovania konkretuli enobrivi er-
Tobis samyaros suraTis dasaxasiaTeblad.
`punqtualuroba~, iseve rogorc
sxva kulturuli konceptebi, ZiriTadi
da meorexarisxovani aRmniSvnelebiT ga-
moixateba. misi ZiriTadi aRmniSvnelia
saxeldobr `punqtualuroba~ da mocemu-
li cnebis sinonimebi, xolo konceptis
yvela danarCeni Semadgeneli misi meore-
xarisxovani aRmniSvneli gaxlavT.
qarTul enaSi franguli warmomav-
lobis am sityvas erTkomponentiani zus-
ti Sesatyvisi ar moepoveba. `punqtualu-
robiT~ aRniSnuli cnebis gamosaxatavad
yvelaze xSirad kvlav ucxo Ziris (la-
Tinuri) sinonimuri sityva àkuratulo-
ba~ an orkomponentiani leqsemebi: `me-
tismeti sizuste~, ùkiduresi sizuste~
`zedmiwevniT moqmedeba~ gamoiyeneba. TiT-
qos SemTxveviTi arc aris, rom am cnebis
qarTuli saxeli ara gvaqvs. punqtualu-
78 salome omiaZe
roba, rogorc qcevis norma, qarTul kulturaSi dominanturi

arasodes yofila. drois mofrTxileba maSin daviwyeT, roca
`dros fasi daedo~, roca `dro gaZvirda~, es ki savsebiT axali
movlenaa Cvens realobaSi. ukanasknel xans yofiT metyvelebasa
Tu mediadiskursSi sul ufro xSirad gvxvdeba fraza _ `dro
fulia~. fasdadebulma drom, ufro zustad ki _ drois fasdau-
deblobis SegrZnebam, bevri ram Secvala Cvens yoveldRiurobaSi.
aRniSnulis miuxedavad, qarTul diskursSi koncepti `pun-
qtualuroba~ sakmaod mdidari struqturiT xasiaTdeba, romlis
erTeulebsac droiT sizustesTan asociaciurad dakavSirebuli
leqsemebi da paremiebi warmoadgens.
pirvel rigSi unda davasaxeloT Sesityveba `zusti dro~
da misi stilistikuri alternantebi _ daTqmuli an SeTanxmebu-
li dro /vada/, TariRi; zedsarTavi saxelebi: punqtualuri, aku-
ratuli, zusti, mowesrigebuli, wesieri, keTilsindisieri, sai-
medo, sando ... ; zmnizedebi: pasuxismgeblobiT, zedmiwevniT, ga-
nuxrelad ... ; zmnuri sawyisebi: SeTanxmeba, molaparakeba, mos-
wreba, miswreba, CamorCena, dagvianeba ... da maTi piriani formebi.
sagangebod unda SevCerdeT daagvianda // Seagvianda wyvilze.
romlis pirveli cali, saleqsikono definiciis mixedviT, mxo-
lod imas aRniSnavs, rom viRac daniSnul droze gvian mivida
sadRac, xolo Se- zmniswiniani `Seagvianda~ cota xniT dagviane-
bulze iTqmis. Se- zmniswini ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi odnaobiTo-
basTan erTad unebliobis semantikasac gamoxatavs, amas mowmobs
konteqstebi pirveli piris monawileobiT, rodesac mTqmeli ar
gaurbis imis winaswar aRniSvnas, rom punqtualuri ver iqneba,
magram am azris verbalizebisaTvis `Semagviandebas~ irCevs nac-
vlad `damagviandebasi~ da amiT sakuTari pasuxismgeblobisa Tu
danaSaulis Semsubuqeba, adresatisagan gagebisa da TanagrZnobis
mopoveba surs, rom mkacrad ar gansajon.
Segvianebaca da dagvianebac warsulSi ufro SeiZleboda,
vidre dRes. adre punqtualurobas mxolod im SemTxvevaSi viCen-
diT, Tu sapirispiro qmedebas garkveuli sanqciebi unda mohyo-
loda. magram sanqciebis damwesebel-gamtarebelnic yovelTvis
ver axerxebdnen wesebis ganuxrelad dacvas, radgan isinic imave
sazogadoebis wevrebi iyvnen, sazogadoebisa, romelsac drois di-
nebisadmi Taviseburi, gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba hqonda. im
droSic nebismieri dramatuli Teatrisa Tu kinodarbazis sala-
rosTan ekida abra, romelic iuwyeboda, rom dagvianebuli mayu-
punqtualuroba, rogorc drois konceptis erT-erTi Semadgeneli 79
reblebi ar daiSvebodnen, magram yovel speqtakls, yovel kinose-

anss, sauniversiteto leqciasa Tu saskolo gakveTils punqtua-
lurebTan erTad arapunqtualurebic eswrebodnen.
droiTi sizustisadmi germanelebis damokidebuleba sayo-
velTaod cnobilia. qarTul diskursSic gvxvdeba am faqtis am-
saxveli iseTi Sesityvebebi, rogorebicaa: `germanuli punqtua-
luroba~, `germanuli sizuste~, `germanuli droiT~. qarTvele-
bis mimarTeba droiT sizustesTan da am niSniT germanelebTan ma-
Ti kontrastuloba kargad Cans Semdeg stereotipur situacieb-
sa da konteqstebSi, magaliTad, xuT saaTze mipatiJebis pasuxad:
`xuTze germanulad Tu qarTuli droiT?~ an daniSnul dros
zustad misuli stumrebis danaxvisas: `germanelebs gaumarjoT!~
da sxv. germanul kulturaSi punqtualuroba absoluturi Ri-
rebulebaa, qarTulSi ki igi SefardebiTia. qarTuli stumarmas-
pinZloba is ganzomilebaa, romelSic drois saTvalavi saerTod
ar arsebobs. es erTnairad exeba rogorc maspinZels, aseve _
stumars. maspinZlis droisadmi amgvar damokidebulebas mowmobs
miwvevis Semdegi teqstebi: ìqiT kviraSi SemogviareT~, `xval ge-
lodebiT~, òcdasamSi gvewvieT~ da misT., SedarebiT konkretu-
lad SeiZleba mogveCvenos: `diliT saqmeze gavdivar da mere
Tqveni var!~, `naSuadRevs Sin viqnebiT~ an `saRamos SemogviareT~
da sxv. aqve isic aucileblad unda aRvniSnoT, rom TiToeuli
qarTvelisaTvis dilac, SuadReca da saRamoc sul sxvadasxva
dros SeiZleba niSnavdes.
konkretuli drois daTqmas zogjer maspinZeli Takilobs,
ras hqvia, stumrobis dro SemovusazRvro vinmeso. xSirad stu-
maric ukadrisobs, dro Tu daTvlili aqvs, ras mepatiJebao. aq
kidev erTi saintereso detalia saxsenebeli, zogjer stumrobis
dro zustad ki aris gansazRvruli, magram mainc qarTuli dro
moqmedebs. amitom kargma diasaxlisma gemrieli kerZebis momzade-
bis garda isic unda icodes, 5 saaTze dapatiJebul stumrebs
cxeli xaWapuriT romel saaTze Seegebos. qarTuli xasiaTis am-
bivalenturoba cnobili faqtia da amas punqtualurobasTan da-
kavSirebiTac vavlenT. Tamada, ara aqvs mniSvneloba Tavad droze
movida Tu ara, arCevisa Tu daniSvnis wuTidan arapunqtualure-
bis dasjaze iwyebs fiqrs da maspinZelTan erTad gansxvavebul
sasmisebs arCevs dagvianebulTaTvis. Tumca, paradoqsuli is gax-
lavT, rom igive Tamada Semoswrebulebs anu dagvianebulebs sa-
gangebod adRegrZelebs da sufris wevrebisaganac imaves moiT-
80 salome omiaZe
xovs. ganxiluli stereotipuri situaciebi kvalifikaciis mxriv

koncept `punqtualurobis~ meorexarisxovan Semadgenlebs warmo-
adgens, magram mentaluri TvalsazrisiT umniSvnelovanes infor-
macias Seicavs.
Cvens Tanamedrove realobaSi dasaqmebis erT-erT aucile-
bel pirobad kadris punqtualuroba saxeldeba, rasac damsaqme-
belTa Tu samsaxuris maZiebelTa internetgancxadebebic mowmobs.
punqtualurobis moTxovnam, mkacrad gansazRvrulma samuSao saa-
Tebma sayovelTao drois sartyelSi mogvaqcia, rasac, Tavis
mxriv, koreqtivebi Seaqvs Cvens yofiTs cxovrebasa da mentali-
tetSi. gadatvirTuli samuSao dRis Semdeg gaiSviaTda Sua kvi-
raSi daupatiJeblad stumroba, adamianebi, dasavluri qcevis we-
sebis mixedviT, winaswar uTanxmeben erTmaneTs mosalodnel vi-
zits. mkvidrdeba `paraskevi saRamos~ fenomeni, sxva datvirTvas
iZens SabaTi, momavali samuSao kvirisaTvis mosamzadebeli dRis
statuss iZens kviradRe da sxv. dasaxelebuli tendenciebi axal
elementebs matebs, erTgvarad avsebs koncept `punqtualurobis~
semantikursa da formobriv struqturebs.
amdenad, verc erTi konceptis aRwera verasodes iqneba
sruli: konceptSi moqceuli lingvokulturuli informacia mu-
dam ganaxlebadia da, Sesabamisad, mudmiv kvlevas moiTxovs.
tariel daTiaSvili
uZravi da moZravi
(globaluri da lokaluri)
dro
arc ise didi xnis winaT, cira bar-

baqaZis poeziis kiTxvisas aseT sityvebs
gadavawydi: „dros maSin vpoulob, roca
vkargav“. yovelTvis mindoda, am sakiTxis
Sesaxeb meTqva rame gansakuTrebuli, ga-
momeTqva originaluri azri... Tumca,
dro icvleba da mec karga xania, ukve
sxva enaze vmetyveleb, CemSi emocia ase
aRar upirispirdeba azrovnebas, rogorc
teqstis arsebobis SesaZleblobas. teq-
sti erTgvari piramidaa, labirinTuli
tipis nageboba, romlis Sida kedlebi
moxatulia. Sinaarsi, rogorc globalu-
ri dro, rogorc samyaros erTiani sura-
Ti, mxolod da mxolod am kedlebze mi-
mofantuli fragmentebis aseTi Tu iseTi
dakavSirebaa (romelTa raodenoba usas-
ruloa)... is arc dafarulia, e. i. arc
imqveynad momlodine saukuno WeSmarite-
baa da arc _ vasrkvlaviani ca sfinqsis
Tavze...
sabolood, es imas niSnavs, rom am
uZveles sityvebTan dakavSirebiT (ro-
mlebic bolo ori saukunea, gamudmebiT
trialebs enebSi, sxvadasxva tipis teq-
stebSi, aTasnairi ritmiT, paTosiT, kon-
figuraciiT), ar SeiZleboda gamCenoda
raime originaluri azri, rameTu drois
82 tariel daTiaSvili
aseTi wakiTxva TavisTavad, Tavis SinaarsSive auqmebs siaxlis sa-

Wiroebas, originalobas, rogorc esTetikur politikas, istori-
as da a. S... magram isic faqtia, rom adamians arasodes tovebs
wadili, iyos originaluri, gamorCeuli, misi suli mudmiv
swrafvaSia, mudam ukeTess, axals, gansakuTrebul mdgomareobas
eltvis... maS ra vqnaT, ra unda vTqvaT am SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ar-
sebobs faqti – drois uwyveti mdinareba, magram ar arsebobs
aranairi universaluri momavali, romlisken swrafvac ganapiro-
bebs drois Sesaxeb konkretulad aseTi warmodgenis arsebobas?
dRevandel teqstebs ar gaaCniaT ganaxlebis aranairi moTxovni-
leba, sityvebi mxolod sakuTar TavSi arian CaxlarTulni, rom-
lebic ar saWiroeben azris daxmarebas garedan, rom iyvnen gage-
bulni...
jer kidev mecxramete saukuneSi adamianma saintereso gamo-
savals miagno (raSic istoriulma mexsierebamac didi roli iTa-
maSa), Ziebis sadaveebi mTlianad intuicias, wminda moTxovnas, ne-
bas miando, romelic arasodes Cerdeba, arasodes wyvets Ziebas,
maSinac ki, rodesac cnobilia, rom povna SeuZlebelia (is ar
arsebobs), da es mas sulac ar aSfoTebs, miT umetes, veraviTar
nakls ver xedavs Ziebis usazrisobaSi, radgan Zieba (procesi)
ukve aris misi eqsistenciuri yofiereba, rac ukve napovnic aqvs,
ukve Tavis TavSi aqvs es yofiereba (Cven viciT, rom yofnis Ri-
rebulebac swored drosTan aseTma damokidebulebam ganapiroba)...
qalbatoni ciras sityvebSic es gancdaa ganaskvuli. ra Tqma
unda, araviTari Sinaarsi aq ar arsebobs; azri ar aqvs azris ga-
moTqmas; uadgiloa im mizniT msjelobis warmarTva, rom movle-
nebi daalago. ubralod, aq Tvali unda adevno gamofenas, mis Si-
da moxatul kedlebs da fragmentebis saukeTeso kavSirebis Zie-
biT (rac mxolod cdis Semadgenelia) daxato suraTi. amasTan
erTad, es suraTi imis gamo ki ar aris WeSmariti, rom erTader-
Tia, ganumeorebelia (e. i. gamoyofilia mravlisagan, rogorc gan-
sakuTrebuli), rac suraTs, naxats aqcevs xatad, xatebad; aramed
is aris mravlis gamorCeuli konfiguracia, ra Tqma unda, gamo-
irCeva, gamoiyofa sxva kavSirebisgan, magram ara mravlisagan
(mravali masSi TavisTavad monawileobs, swored mravlisagan iq-
mneba es kavSirebi)...
amitom WeSmariteba aq drosTan wminda esTetikuri mimarTe-
baa. sityvebSi „dros maSin vpoulob, roca vkargav“ sruli qao-
sia, maTSi mobinadre azri Tavisuflad SegviZlia SevamkoT epiTe-
uZravi da moZravi (globaluri da lokaluri) dro 83
tiT – gamouTqmeli, romelTan miaxloeba mxolod mxatvruli
saxeebis moxmobiT Tua SesaZlebeli. zogadad is gamoxatavs ada-
mianis dausrulebel xetials Cveni drois mier xelaxla aSene-
bul minosur labirinTSi...
rasakvirvelia, cnebaSi „Cveni dro“ vgulisxmob „sxva“, Cveni
kulturis Tu enisagan (droebisagan) gansxvavebul moZraobas,
xolo Tavis mxriv, gansxvavebaSi, ra Tqma unda, vgulisxmob imave
drois moZraobisa da sivrcis moazrebis wesebs Soris gansxvave-
bas (saboloo jamSi, rasakvirvelia, is raRac wesrigis formasa
da Sinaarsze mianiSnebs).
ra Tqma unda, „Cveni dro“ (da zogadad, wesrigi) ar aris
awmyo, anu iseT konkretul movlenebTan yoveldRiuri Sexeba,
romelic arsebobis gancdas, sruliad realur emociebs tovebs
(raRac xdeba Sens Tavs, maSasadame _ arsebob). mokled, es ar
aris mxolod lokaluri dro, amasTan erTad, is globaluri
droa (is ar xdeba piradad Sens Tavs, lokalur droSi, Sen ub-
ralod misiT arsebob, cocxlob, zogadad), e. i. is aris loka-
luri drois aucilebeli moazreba raRac garemoSi, imave globa-
lur droSi, imave sivrceSi. amasTanave, globaluri dro ar aris
„dro, rogorc aseTi“, is ar aris ganyenebuli moZraoba kultu-
risagan, enisgan da a. S.
magaliTad, „Cveni dro“, ra Tqma unda, globaluri droa;
marTalia, is gamoxatavs istoriis dasrulebul suraTs, is er-
Tgvari drois amowurvaa, romelsac axasiaTebs e. w. yovlismom-
cveloba, ise iqceva, TiTqos yvelaferi misi sakuTrebaa, rac is-
toriul wignebSi weria; saboloo jamSi, yvela drom misTvis
imuSava... momavlisken mimavali misi gzac warsulis gameorebaa da
a. S., magram yovelive es mainc Cveni konkretuli drois niSania,
es suraTi mxolod da mxolod „Cveni enis“ mier aris daxatu-
li, misi mravalenovneba mxolod da mxolod am erT enaze saub-
ris wesia, romelsac aqvs mxolod am enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Janri, moZraobis unari da mTlianobis miRwevis wesi.
mokled, „Cveni dro“ sxva araferia, Tu ara garkveuli is-
toriuli periodi (rogorc vTqviT, is RirebulebaTa sistemaze
dafuZnebuli garkveuli wesrigia), romlis wiaRSic moviazrebiT
Cven, rogorc _ movlenebi, rogorc _ enisa da kulturis nawi-
lebi, gnebavT, personaJebi. erT kulturaSi erTdroulad ramde-
nime „Cvenma drom“ SeiZleba iarsebos, magram istoriis sazrisSi
arsebobs mxolod ori mTavari dro, romelTa monacvleoba (wina-
aRmdegoba da erTianoba) ganapirobebs nebismieri wesrigis arse-

bobis SesaZleblobas. maT urTierTobebSi xdeba SesaZlebeli
WeSmariteba da a. S.
es „ori dro“ erTmaneTisgan, rogorc vTqviT, uamravi niS-
niT gansxvavdeba, magram mTavari am ganmasxvavebel niSnebs Soris
aris minc e. w. procesi (mas SegviZlia vuwodoT msjelobis war-
marTvis wesic). es ambis Cveulebrivi Txzvis procesia. dro igi-
ve msjelobaa, is arsebulis da ararsebulis dialeqtikuri mo-
azrebaa, amitom kulturis siRrmeSi misi arseba ganisazRvreba
ambis moyolis xasiaTiT, Sesabamisad, droc am enebSi ise moZra-
obs, istoriac ise miedineba, rogorc iqmnebian ambebi.
magaliTad, cnobilia, rom bibliur ambebSi movlenebi ar
icvleba. arsebobs Teologia, ara rogorc interpretaciis SesaZ-
lebloba, aramed rogorc interpretatorebis Zalaufleba, mag-
ram is dialeqtikuri diskursia da mTlianad obieqturi drois,
klasikuri metafizikis farglebSia moqceuli. miTebs ki inter-
pretaciebi praqtikulad ar gaaCniaT (yovel SemTxvevaSi, sokra-
te-platonamde interpretireba ar iyo RmerTisa da organizaciis
saqme, piriqiT, aq RmerTebi da organizaciebi iZlevian niSnebs,
interpretacias ki, msjelobis saSualebiT, adamianebi axdenen).
interpretireba mxolod ambis koreqciiT warimarTeba da ara
sazrisis aRmoCeniT, ideis mowodebiT da a. S. ase iqmneba, maga-
liTad, miTologiuri labirinTi...
miTebSi, bibliuri igavebisagan gansxvavebiT, siuJeti erTma-
neTzea gadaxlarTuli da arasodes sruldeba. ambebi gamudmebiT
gadadian sxva ambebSi. sakmarisia, moyve erTi ambavi, rom jaWvuri
reaqciiT mTeli miTologiuri siRrme zedapirze amoifrqveva.
sruliad SemTxveviTi adamianebis neba-surviliT am uzarmazar
arakontrolirebad sivrceSi siuJetebi gamudmebiT Cndebian da
qrebian zustad iseve, rogorc caze Tanavarskvlavedebi, xomlebi
da galaqtikebi. miTologia socialuri qselis msgavsi iseTi sa-
zogadoebrivi sivrcea (rogorc, magaliTad, interneti), sadac
xalxis nebismieri saxis gancda fiqsirdeba. aq iyris Tavs ubra-
lod anekdotebi, useriozulesi Teologiuri Sexedulebebi, gan-
msWvalulebi uRrmesi religiuri grZnobebiT da namdvili aTeis-
turi (volterianuli) gesliT wamosrolili komentarebi, wmin-
da literaturuli teqstebi, politikuri moTxovnebi da a. S.
ambis aseTi wesiT Txzva mTeli kulturis Sinagani struq-
turis maCvenebelia, sadac drosTan dakavSirebuli wesrigisa da
WeSmaritebis sakiTxebi sruliad SemTxveviT garemoebebze xdebian
damokidebulni. gaxsovT, albaT, rogor daedevna erTxel, beoti-
aSi, kefales mwevari tevmesiis melias. tevmesiis melia RmerTe-
bis sasjeli iyo, is Tebeelebze ganrisxebulma dionisem mouvli-
na beotias. rodesac amfitrionma alkmenes xeli iTxova, mas ase-
Ti piroba wauyenes – alkmenes mogaTxovebT, Tu tevmesiis meli-
as mogvaSorebo. RmerTebisagan iyo dadgenili, rom tevmesiis me-
lias veraferi unda daweoda dedamiwis zurgze. amfitrionma
daxmareba sTxova kefales, romelsac hyavda artemides mwevari.
agreTve RmerTebis mier iyo dadgenili da bedisweriT gadawyve-
tili, rom lelaposs (ase erqva kefales mwevars) veraferi unda
gaqceoda dedamiwis zurgze; rasac daedevneboda, unda daweoda.
erTi SexedviT, am ambebs erTmaneTTan araniri saerTo ar aqvT,
magram erTxel viRac geniosma gadawyvita daecina RmerTebisTvis
da moewyo ise, rom kefales mwevari dadevneboda tevmesiis meli-
as...
am sruliad SemTxveviT kavSirze ideaTa mTeli kolizeumi
aSenda. magaliTad, erT-erTi racionalisturi versiis mixedviT,
saxelganTqmuli monadire kefale varskvlavian cas aris Sedare-
buli, xolo eosis (ganTiadis qalRmerTis) mier misi motaceba
gagebulia rogorc azrovnebis dRis Suqze gamotanis rituali
(religiur eqstazs, ukvdavebisadmi, maradiul gancxromaSi yof-
nisadmi adamianur ltolvas berZnebi yovelTvis upirispirebdnen
wminda adamianur warmaval faseulobebs. rogorc viciT, var-
skvlaviani ca swored dakvirvebasTan, samyarosadmi racionalur
damokidebulebasTan asocirdeba). agreTve, prokridas dakargva-ga-
moCena mTvaris Casvla-amosvlasTan aris Sedarebuli da a. S. es
samyaros, ambis, istoriis wminda daialeqtikuri moazrebaa, az-
rovnebis warmmarTveli ki – kulturaTa gansxvaveba-Sepirispire-
baa.
mokled, am ambavSi gadamwyveti swored drois Rirebulebaa,
rogorc wesrigis cvlis procesisaTvis xazgasma. morali: Rmer-
Tebi gamudmebiT ewinaaRmdegebian sakuTar Tavs da nangrevebze ba-
tonoben. daakvirdiT: zevsis multikulturuli dro iqamde das-
rulda, sanam daiwyeboda, radgan Cveni drois msgavsad, is ar
aris dialeqtikuri safuZveli yovelivesi. movlenebi wrfeze ar
moZraoben erTmaneTis miyolebiT, Tanmimdevrulad, logikurad,
miTebis Txzvis procesi arasodes dasruldeba, vidre iarsebebs
zevsis Zalufleba da wesrigi (aq herakle zustad im dros xde-
ba heraklidebis winapari, rodesac heraklidebi qmnian herakles).

amitom es dasrulebuloba misi Sinaarsis ganuyofeli nawilia,
aq wesrigi qaoturia (swored qaosia RvTaebrivi wesrigi) da pi-
robiTobaa misi arsebobis erTaderTi SesaZleblobac.
maSasadame, „dros maSin vpoulob, roca vkargav“... ideaSi
zevsis mier damyarebuli wesrigis bedi maSin gadawyda, rodesac
lelaposi daedevna tevmesiis melias, da es moxda manamde, vidre
elinebi TavianTi kulturisaTvis safuZvlis Cayras daiwyebdnen.
am periodisTvis jer heraklec ki ar aris dabadebuli, troas
arsebobis Sesaxeb ki araferi ician berZnebma; ufro metic, zev-
sis Zlaufleba jer kidev ar aris myari da RmerTebis omebic ar
dasrulebula da a. S... mokled, es gariJraJia, da es wesrigic,
rogorc vTqviT, swored dasawyisSive imsxvreva, sruldeba. zev-
sma SemTxveviT mohkra Tvali am suraTs da maSinve gaaqvava or-
Tave arseba, magram es ar aris problemis gadawyveta, misi mxo-
lod gaqvavebaa (dakonservebaa). es bedisweraa, RmerTebis neba-
surviliT es arsebebi ukvdavebi arian, amitom adre Tu gvian
isini daibruneben dros (cnobierebas, sakuTar Tavs), lelaposi
daeweva an ver daeweva melias da wesrigic daimsxvreva. berZnul-
ma kulturam swored gardauvali msxvrevis, am gaqvavebuli Se-
saZleblobis wiaRSi iarseba da, amdenad, zevsis wesrigic abso-
luturad pirobiTi wesrigi, droebiTi wesrigi iyo. gamoTqma:
„zevsi iyo, aris da iqneba“ mxolod da mxolod am wesrigis
kedlebSi ismis... is dasasruliT daiwyo, droc zustad maSin
aris napovni, roca is daikarga...
amdenad, yvela dro droebiTia (eqsistenciac ki ar aris am
gansazRvrebis miRma). dro arasodes ar gvaqvs, mas yovelTvis
vkargavT, radgan swored droebiToba aniWebs yovelives moZrao-
bas da maradisobas. es aris ara erTiani uwyveti xazi usasru-
lobisken, aramed mudmivi wyvetebi (dro rom mqondes, am mosaz-
rebas ucileblad parmenidesa da Zenonis argumentebiT gavamya-
rebdi).
dro adamians hgavs, yvela adamiani mokvdavia, magram kacob-
rioba _ ukvdavi. droc zustad aseTi individualuri erTeule-
bisagan Sedgeba. es nawilebi (periodebi) Cndebian da qrebian, isi-
ni adamianebiviT sikvdilis Svilebi arian, magram zogadad dro,
rogorc erTiani suraTi, maradiulia. obieqturad, rasakvirve-
lia, es suraTi ar arsebobs, Cven mas mxolod viazrebT (xan Tan-
mimdevrulad, xan erTdroulad) mxolod im niSnebis wardgeniT,
romelTac, magaliTad, sazogadoebriv urTierTobebSi viyenebT
iseve. rogorc kacobriobis arsebobis Sesaxeb vaskvniT im sagne-
bis mixedviT, romlebic erToblivi ZalisxmeviT Seqmnila (mag,
xidebi, caTambjenebi, omebi da a. S), drois Sesaxeb vaskvniT is-
toriis mixedviT, mxolod imiT, rac iyo da rac SeiZleba iyos
momavalSi, rogorc istoriuli perspeqtiva, rogorc istoriis
sworxazovani gagrZeleba.
rodesac fizikosebi amboben – „dro ar arsebobs!“ _ isini
amiT aristoteles obiqtur dros uaryofen (dro fardobiTobis
farglebSi moeqca, sadac iseTi sagnebic ki amoZravdnen, romle-
bic obiqturad uZravni arian). magram e. w. „wriuli drois“
daSvebis SesaZlebloba zustad obiqturi drois arsebobazea da-
mokidebuli. ramdenadac dro obieqturia da misi gza momavalSi
gadis, amdenad is ukve gavlilia, dasrulebulia, rogorc obi-
eqturi dro, da axla mxolod sakuTari Tavis imitirebas ax-
dens. amdenad, is erTdroulad dakargulicaa da napovnic. Cvens
epoqas, Cvens dros dRes swored es imitirebuli dro miaCnia
Rirebulad da ara obieqturi dro, Tumca maT Soris arsebuli
mimarTeba arasworia, mas sruliad axleburad sWirdeba Camoya-
libeba...
imisaTvis, rom imitirebuli dro ar gadaiqces obieqtur
drod (da, amave dros, obiqturi droc ar gadaiqces imitirebu-
lad, garkveuli politikuri struqturis, garkveuli enis nawi-
lad), saWiroa, dro gyavdes yovelTvis gverdiT, e. i. dro unda
dazogo da sityvebSi Caasaxlo. drom arc unda gaaswros yofie-
rebas da verc unda daewios mas, da es, upirvelesad, drois
aseT gansazRvrebebSi unda moxdes: imitirebuli dro swored
obieqturi drois imitaciaa, is mxolod obieqturi drois arse-
bobis SemTxvevaSi xdeba jer SesaZlebeli da mere Rirebuli.
magram is unda iyos aucileblad ukve dasrulebuli, gaqvavebu-
li, rom absoluturi WeSmaritebisa da ideologiis Semqmnelebi
ar warmoSvas. amisaTvis ani-dan hoe-mde gavlebuli wrfe unda
rogorme moxaro, moZraoba gadaitano wreze, istoria sabolood
gaxado dausrulebeli da amiT daasrulo is, rogorc obieqtu-
rad arsebuli da dileqtikurad adamianis bedis ganmsazRvreli.
mokled, tevmesiis melias (imave _ obieqtur dros), rome-
lic mudam gagvirbis da verasodes veweviT (ris gamoc, is adami-
anebs RvTis risxvad eqca), daedevna imitirebuli dro, lelapo-
si, romelic aseve ukvdavia, magram mxolod adamianuri urTier-
Tobebis (siyvarulis) SenarCunebisTvis aris Seqmnili. Cveni epo-

qac zustad maT gaqvavebas cdilobs, cdilobs winaswarve amowu-
ros sakuTari dro, winaswarve dainaxos sakuTari Tavis dasas-
ruli (dasasrulis koSmari yovelTvis Cveni kulturis yvelaze
sayvareli Tema iqneba). es adgilis garkvevaa, mxolod aq da am
droSi SeuZlia mas iarsebos...
mokled...
„dros maSin vpoulob, roca vkargav“. am sityvebs mecxrame-
te saukunis surneli dahkravs (Sopenhaueri)... es aris pirveli
nabijis gadadgma iracionalizmSi, saidanac azrovnebis dabneulo-
ba iwyeba. e. i. sityvaTa aseTi ukufena mianiSnebs, rom drom
aRar icis, saiT wavides – win Tu ukan.
drom win da ukan uazro mimosvla maSin iwyo, rodesac ra-
cionalizmma waiforxila da cneba „progresis“ SinaarsSi arse-
bulma winaaRmdegobam iCina Tavi. Tumca, istorias svla ar Seu-
Cerebia. Semdeg ki, rodesac „ukan mibrunebac“ progresis (idea-
luri istoriis) samsaxurSi Cadga, saerTod, istoriis dasas-
rulze, „gaCerebaze“ daiwyes fiqri (am tendenciam, marTalia,
imave mecxramete saukuneSi iCina Tavi, magram gansakuTrebuli aq-
tualoba meore msoflio omis Semdeg SeiZina). msgavsi Sinaarsis
teqstebi axlac xSiria da isini yovelives dasasruls ki ar aR-
niSnaven, aramed erT wertilSi droTa kvanZebis ganaskvas cdi-
loben (es wertili, rasakvirvelia, eqsistenciaa).
Cveni epoqis akviatebuli azri, daZlios rogorme e. w.
aristoteluri metafizika, ioli Sesasrulebeli sulac ar aR-
moCnda. aristoteles sityvebi Cvenamde drois uwyvet mdinarebas
moaqvs. ese igi, aq saubaria iseT sityvebze, romlebsac aqvT
mniSvneloba da kiTxviTi mimarTuleba – „saiT mivyavar sityvebis
dros?“; es mniSvnelobebi gamoxatulia, rasakvirvelia, sazrisis
ZiebaSi. ara aqvs mniSvneloba, risi sazrisia, mTavaria, rom „sit-
yvebs yovelTvis aqvT pasuxi“. Semdeg, am sazrisis moZiebisTvis
saWiroa, rom „dro gansazRvro sworad“, „swor droSi moxvde“.
zustad aq aris kvanZic. ramdenadac dro materiis arsebobis
erT-erTi ZiriTadi formaa, romelic movlenebis kanonzomieri
monacvleobiT gamoixateba, xolo klasikuri metafizikis mixed-
viT, sagnebi Tanmimdevrulad aris Cawyobili movlenaTa mwkrivSi,
amdenad, „raime“, riskenac Cven mivemarTebiT, mzamzareuli, WeSma-
riti saxiT Zevs momavalSi. Cveni adamianuri amocanaa, sworad
aviRoT gezi misken. „swor droSi movxvdeT“. swored am dialeq-
tikis daZlevas cdilobs Cveni epoqa (konkretulad, qarTul az-
rovnebaSi am mxriv didi qaosia, romlis amsaxvel SesaniSnav ni-
muSs warmoadgens qalbatoni ciras leqsi).
rogorc vTqviT, dasawyiss SopenhauerTan mivyavarT (simbo-
luri aRniSvnaa). is ase ityoda: „dros rom vpoulob, maSin
vkargav“. aq ar aris, ra Tqma unda, metafizika gauqmebuli, mxo-
lod idealis eSmakuri (hermesuli) xasiaTia xazgasmuli (moCve-
nebas emsgavseba). Tumca, dialeqtikuri wrfis moxra mainc iwyeba.
SeiZleba iTqvas, am wrfis ori wertili sabolood froidTan
erTdeba (Tumca, amaze mTeli meoce saukune muSaobda).
meoce saukunis azrovnebis mTavari amocana iyo „mkvdar“ eq-
sistenciaSi drois faqtoris Setana (iseve, rogorc raciona-
lizmis amocana iyo meqanikur samyaroSi, usicocxlo materiaSi
„pirveli biZgis mimcemis“, imave _ drois aRmoCena)... es ra Tqma
unda, calke sakvlevi Temaa...
e. i. is, rac SeiZleba iyos (rasac vxedav) momavalSi, ukve
aris CemSi (Cems xedvaSi) da a. S. gavixsenoT: „dros maSin vpou-
lob, roca vkargav“... drois dakargva imas niSnavs, rom SeuZle-
belia „swor droSi moxvde“, saiTac Cemi sityvebis dros mivya-
var _ araferia, da amis gancdiT, me dros vkargav... magram ro-
gorc ki is qreba „iq“, Cndeba CemSi (rogorc gancda), da me mas
isev vpoulob... da is, rac CemSia, maiZulebs viaro win _ saku-
Tari Tavisken (sakuTari Tavis Secnobisaken, srulyofisaken),
radgan is CemSi, mxolod da mxolod, myofobs, rogorc momaval-
Si myofi... amitom aris, rom muWSi wyaliviT arasodes miCerde-
ba...
nino gogiaSvili
gzis semiotika qarTuli

masalebis mixedviT
sintagma “gza midis” myaradaa dam-

kvidrebuli qarTul saliteraturo da
sasaubro metyvelebaSi. iqmneba STabeWdi-
leba, rom gza dinamikuria da adgilmde-
bareobas icvlis garemos Sesabamisad,
xolo am sityvaTSeTanxmebis irgvliv
myofi personaJebi uZravebi da fiqsire-
bulebi arian. Ggza adamianis mier gan-
vlili cxovrebis simboloa, gezis aR-
mniSvneli, gamosavlis maCvenebelic da
sasowarkveTilebis gamomxatvelic, kon-
teqstidan gamomdinare. amas gvidastu-
rebs Tqmebi, sityvaTSeTanxmebebi da kom-
pozitebi: swor gzas adgas, gza maswav-
le, gza gaikvala, gzasacdenili, gza ar
Cans, gzas daadga, ugzoukvlod, gzagasa-
yari, gzidan gadauxvia, gza gamoCnda da
a.S. aseve farTodaa gavrcelebuli kiT-
xva: `gza saiT wamiyvans?~ `gza midis da
mihyavs Tavisi mgzavrebi~. aseTi saxis
azrovneba qarTuli mentalitetisTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli, romelic yvelaze ukeT
enaSi vlindeba. aq saubaria personaJis
SedarebiT pasiur mdgomareobaze, rode-
sac ar xdeba movlenebis forsireba, da
“gzasayolili” mgzavrebi gzis nebas mis-
deven. adamiani “gzas rom daagdeba”, iqiT
wava, “gza saiTac waiyvans”. am SemTxveva-
Si gza bedisweracaa, romelic marTavs
gzis semiotika qarTuli masalebis mixedviT 91
adamianebs, da mis mier ukve gaWril da dakanonebul msvleloba-
zea damokidebuli maTi bed-iRbali.
“uremi rom gadabrundeba, gza farTo maSin gamoCndeba”, _
gvaxsendeba yvelasaTvis nacnobi qarTuli andaza, romelic gu-
lisxmobs: rodesac xdeba negatiuri movlena (urmis gadabrune-
ba), maSinRa xedaven adamianebi, Tu rogor unda moqceuliyvnen
sworad (gzis gamoCena). “gzis gamoCena” “swor gzaze dadgomis”
sawindaria. rodesac gezi nacnobia, misi mimarTulebiT svla ukve
arc ise Znelia. “swori gza” swor cxovrebiseul qmedebas aRniS-
navs, “farTo gza” ki misi danaxvis SesaZleblobas. “viwro da
ekliani gza” dabrkolebebisa da winaaRmdegobebis simboloa, Tum-
ca, marTlmadidebluri swavlebis Tanaxmad, isic viciT, rom sa-
sufevelTan misasvleli gza “viwro ars”, anu, sulis cxonebis
ucilobeli piroba sulis gamowrTobaa.
“gza gaexsna” da “bedi gaexsna” erTi da imave azris aR-
mniSvnelia. aq “gza” bedsa da bediswerasTan asocirdeba, radgan
gza ki ar “gaixsna” Tavad subieqtma, aramed gza “gaexsna” misgan
damoukidebeli obieqturi Tu subieqturi mizezebis gamo. am
dros subieqti, TiTqos, kadrs miRma rCeba da Zalauneburad gve-
fiqreba im mistikur da idumal movlenebze, romelTac es faqti
gamoiwvies. aq TvalSisacemia gzis magiuri anu fascinaciuri Tvi-
seba; imoqmedos personaJebze amouxsneli ZaliT. baraTaSvilis
“bedi-mdevaric” gzis meSveobiT sdevs leqsis lirikul gmirs, da
am SemTxvevaSic SegviZlia gzisa da bedis erTmaneTTan dakavSire-
ba.
“sxva gza aRar maqvs” niSnavs adamianis mdgomareobas, rode-
sac mocemul momentSi mocemul qmedebas ver gadauxvevs, da es
mdgomareoba sakiTxisadmi misi principuli midgomidan ki ar ga-
momdinareobs, aramed _ sxva qmedebis SeuZleblobidan. gamonaT-
qvami mkacrad gansazRvrul, mxolod subieqtis mier “damyol”
mdgomareobaSi arsebobas miuTiTebs, romlis iqiTac gza Tavdeba,
anu arseboba wydeba. “sxva gza aRar maqvs” Tqmis definicia Seg-
viZlia aseve qarTuli andaziT gamovxatoT: “CaTrevas Cayola
sjobia”.
TiTqmis yvela zRapruli fiqcia, romelic qarTul xal-
xul zRaprebSi gvxvdeba, ase iwyeba: “bevri iara Tu cota iara”
an personaJi “gzas daadga”. zRaprul qronotopSi dro da siv-
rce Tanmxvedria da fabulis veqtori yovelTvis gziskenaa mimar-
Tuli an misgan radikalurad sapirispirod ixreba. am dros
92 nino gogiaSvili
zRapris gmirs gzaze viRac “Semoeyreba” da swored es geografi-

uli Tanxvedra gansazRvravs kompoziciis ganviTarebas, kvanZis
Sekvrasa Tu gaxsnas, da finalis “hefi ends”. Aaq dro da sivrce
erTiandeba, da dro, romelic ar brundeba, sivrceSi realizdeba,
da, rogorc m. baxtini ambobs: «Здесь время как бы вливается в
пространство...» sivrces ki, raRac WrilSi, gzis simbolo gan-
sazRvravs da mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi iSleba moqmedebis areali,
sadac zRapris kompozicia viTardeba. “qarTuli gzis” arsi da
Sinaarsi ki yvelaze ukeT qarTul gamocanaSi vlindeba: vkece,
vkece, ver davkece. Ggzas arc dasawyisi aqvs da arc dasasruli,
is yofierebis sivrceSi wrfesaviT miemarTeba. Mmas ver amowurav,
Tavsa da bolos ver mouZebni, ver miscem formasa da mimarTule-
bas: midis personaJi, gza ki ar ileva. zRapris imaginaciuri
planis mTavari dekoracia gza da masTan dakavSirebuli elemen-
tebia: gzispira qoxi, saxli gzasTan axlos, gzajvaredinis mis-
tika, gzis arCevani ramdenime gzas Soris (“am gzaze waxval, ina-
neb, am gzas daadgebi – ar inaneb”), Tumca, gzas bolo arasodes
uCans, radgan gza cxovrebaa da is maradiulad arsebobs sivrce-
Si.
gzajvaredinis mistika or simbolos emyareba da ormagi
datvirTviT xasiaTdeba: pirvelia gzis simbolo, xolo meore –
jvris. jvris formis gza gansakuTrebul xasiaTs iZens da in-
terpretirdeba rig sakiTxebSi. magaliTad, naTelmxilvelebi da
mkiTxavebi xSirad urCeven adamianebs gasaRebis, naWrebis Tu sxva
“mojadoebuli” atributebis gzajvaredinze gadagdebas, garkveu-
li magiuri ritualis Semdeg, raTa isini gaTavisufldnen avi
Tvalisa da negatiuri energiisagan.
yvela Sexvedra gzaze xdeba da amitom es “cxovrebis gzaa”.
swored gzis diaqronul WrilSi fiqsirdeba personaJebis Sexeba
da, aqedan gamomdinare, eyreba safuZveli maT Semdgom msvlelo-
bas. Mm. baxtini Tavis kvlevebSi gamoyofs gzisa da Sexvedris
qronotopebs da aRniSnavs, rom Sexvedris qronotopi ufro emo-
ciuri da faseuli intensivobiT xasiaTdeba, gzis qronotopi ki
ufro moculobiTia. Ggzis qronotopi Seicavs Sexvedris qrono-
topsac da ara marto mas. qarTul mentalobaSiAadamianis gauCi-
narebac ki gzis gaqrobasTan asocirdeba: ùgzoukvlod daikar-
ga”, “mis gzasa da kvals ver miagnes” da a.S. rasac ver vityviT
rusul gamonaqvamze: “Пропал без вести”, _ sadac subieqtis ga-
uCinareba masze informaciis ararsebobidan gamomdinareobs, gan-
sxvavebiT “qarTuli gauCinarebisagan”, sadac gzis uqonloba ada-
mianis ararsebobasTan asocirdeba, radgan gza aris is sibrtye,
romelzec moZraobs da romlis meSveobiTac sivrcesa da droSi
gadaadgildeba adamiani.
“Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria”, _ wers galaktion tabiZe.
Mmisi araordinaruli da daxvewili poeturi plasti gverds ver
uvlis “gzis” sayovelTao da trivialur mniSvnelobas da pirda-
pir “cxovrebis gzad” moixseniebs, romelic imgvaria, “rogorc
nawvimar silaSi vardi”. “Cemi cxovrebis naxevargzaze SemomaRam-
da”, _ wers dante. “naxevargza” aq Suagzis aRmniSvnelia da na-
xevari cxovrebis gavlaze miuTiTebs. Ffraza mlianad metafori-
zebulia, da Tu “naxevargza” naxevar cxovrebas aRniSnavs, “Semo-
Rameba” srul dabneulobas, usasoobas, uimedobas asaxavs, rode-
sac usinaTlobisas gza aRar Cans da kvalic ikargeba. irgvliv
bindia Camowolili da “gza xsnisa” arsad Cans. “mirbis, mimaf-
rens ugzo-ukvlod Cemi merani”, “da gza uvali, Sengan Telili,
merano Cemo, mainc darCeba”, _ wers nikoloz baraTaSvili. ta-
tos merani jer isev gaukvalav gzaze midis da mxedars am dros
gzis siZneles imedi uadvilebs, rom mis mier gaWrili gza mara-
diulad iarsebebs, da adamianTa modgmas cxovrebas gauadvilebs.
axali gzis gakvalva axal idealebTan ziarebas niSnavs, es gza
sulier metamorfozebsa da ZvrebTan asocirdeba, rac udidesi
wvlilia kacobriobis mier ganvlil gzaze Setanil cvlilebeb-
Si. axali gzis aRmoCenasa da, miT ufro, gakvalvas, didi Zala,
niWi da energia sWirdeba, es ki mxolod geniosTa xvedria. geni-
osebi kacobriobis gzamkvlevebadac SegviZlia movnaTloT. qarTu-
li gza droSi da drosTan erTad moZraobs, da dro Cerdeba mis
gverdiT. “es gza mec vici, saiTken midis”, _ wers muxran maWava-
riani da aqcents akeTebs cxovrebiseuli gzis konceptze. poetma
icis, saiT midis geografiuli gza, romelic misi mSobliuri
mxaris soflebs kveTs, Tumca man ar icis, sad mihyavs cxovrebis
gzas, romelic cxovrebiseul sivrceSi moiazreba da sicocxles-
Tan erTad moZraobs. “dRes mowyenili mivdivar gzaze”, “minda,
TbilisSi sul ar davbrunde, minda, bolomde gavyve rkinigzas”,
“Zvirfaso, vdgavar gzajvaredinze da vici, Cemi gza romelia”,
“me davbrundi isev, gamoviare gveliviT daklaknili gzebi”, -
wers terenti graneli. “grZeli, Sori gza da ocneba usazRvro
gzebze”, “gza did sicocxlis dagiamos vardma, iama”, _ wers ti-
94 nino gogiaSvili
cian tabiZe. “mwuxare mgzavro, Rame naxe da aqviTindi”, “ar aris

SenTvis gza bneli da gaubedari”, _ wers paolo iaSvili.
qarTul literaturul masalebSi gza cxovrebasTan, mimar-
TulebasTan, bedTan asocirdeba. igive SegviZlia vTqvaT evropul
da msoflio literaturaze; magaliTisaTvis gavixsenoT odisev-
sis, don kixotis da sxvaTa “gzebi”. aqve saWiroa gavakeToT fi-
zikuri da sulieri gzebis diferenciacia, rodesac pirveli ga-
regan efeqtebsa da Zvrebzea dafuZnebuli, meore ki Sinagan, Cab-
runebul procesebs asaxavs da gareSe TvalisTvis xSirad uxi-
lavia, Tumca, droTa ganmavlobaSi, is fizikur sivrceSi tran-
sformirdeba da fizikur gzaSi aisaxeba. am SemTxvevaSi fizikuri
da sulieri gzebi droSi erTmaneTs scdebian, Tumca udroobisa
da maradiulobis sivrceSi erTmaneTidan gamomdinareoben da er-
TmaneTs ganapirobeben.
ra gzas davadge? – kiTxulobs sasowarkveTili qarTveli,
da Znelad SegviZlia gavixsenoT sxva iseTi Tqma, romelic aseTi
bukvaluri sizustiT gamoxatavdes umweobisa da ususurobis
SegrZnebas. enis plastikuroba da yovlisSemZleoba aq mTeli Ta-
visi ZalmosilebiT cxaddeba, radgan “niSanTa yvelaze srulyo-
filsa da gavrcelebul sistemas warmoadgens ena” (manana kvaWan-
tiraZe). oTar WilaZem ki axali gza “gaWra” qarTul litera-
turul sivrceSi da gzas ki ar waayvanina mgzavrebi, aramed gza-
ze waiyvana kaci (romani “gzaze erTi kaci midioda”). WilaZis
polifoniuri romani ganfenilia udroo sivrceebSi, sadac moqme-
debis mTvari areali gzaa. am mravalgmirian romanSi TiTqos mxo-
lod erTi magistraluri gza ikveTeba, sadac monacvleobiT miem-
gzavrebian da cxovroben personaJebi. romanSi arsebulUuamrav
saxes, niSansa da simbolos Soris MmTavari mainc gzaa.
gzis simbolur semantikas uzustesad gamoxatavs saxarebi-
seuli igavi “gzaabneuli cxvari”. “ra ggoniaT Tqven, kacs rom
asi cxvari hyavdes da erT maTgans gza rom daebnas, gana mTebSi
ar miatovebs oTxmocdacxramets da ar wava gzaabneulis mosaZeb-
nad”? (luk.15.4) Tundac mxolod am igavidan gamomdinare, SegviZ-
lia vTqvaT, rom gza Cveulebrivi saxidan gadasulia simbolos
kategoriaSi da is SesaZlebelia saxarebiseul saxe-simbolod Ca-
iTvalos. niSnisa da simbolos konceptebi erTmaneTTanaa daax-
loebuli, Tumca simbolo aRmatebiT xasiaTs iZens da aqvs pri-
vilegia fundamenturi gavlenebis moxdenisa literaturaSi, az-
rovnebasa da komunikaciebSi, rasac ver vityviT niSanze. gza ni-
Sanicaa da simboloc, radgan simboloebiT urTierToba cxovre-
biseul diskursebSi ar amarTlebs da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, saxifa-
Tocaa, radgan, rogorc pirsi ambobs, “simbolo mTlianad damo-
kidebulia interpretatorze”, niSani ki komunikaciebis saukeTe-
so atributia da mas sayovelTaooba axasiaTebs, rac zustad mi-
esadageba “gzas” da masTan dakavSirebul Tu misgan gamomdinare
Tqmebs. “me var gza da WeSmariteba” da visac surs cxoneba, “ai-
Ros Tavisi jvari da gamomyves me”, _ ambobs ieso. jvris simbo-
lo mxolod iesoseul gzaze iZens Tavis namdvil mniSvnelobas
da Tavis funqcias gansazRvravs. is dakavSirebulia saxarebiseul
ideasTan da misgan gamomdinareobs, rogorc saxareba gamomdinare-
obs jvris mistikuri da sakraluri Sinaarsidan. “yvelas, visac
esmis sityva sasufevelze da gonebiT ar Caswvdeba, miuxdeba bo-
roti da mostacebs mis gulSi CaTesils: ai, ras niSnavs gzispi-
ras daTesili”, _ vkTxulobT maTes saxarebaSi. radgan gzaze
bevri adamiani moZraobs da mudmivi dinamikaa, gzispirasac bevri
fexi xvdeba, amitom gzispiras daTesili arasaimedoa. aq Zalian
kargadaa gamoyenebuli gzis uZvelesi simbolo. “simbolo aras-
dros ekuTvnis kulturis romelime erT sinqronul Wrils –
igi yovelTvis vertikalSi msWvalavs am Wrils, warsulidan mo-
suli midis ra momavalSi. simbolos mexsiereba ufro Zvelia,
vidre misi arasimboluri teqsturi garemos mexsiereba”, – wers
iuri lotmani. saxarebiseul SemTxvevaSi “gza” zustad miesada-
geba lotmanis mier ganmartebul simbolos arss. goeTe ambobs:
“yoveli, rac xdeba, aris simbolo”.
rodesac frenk sinatra, devid boui, nina hageni da uamravi
sxva, mRerian hits “My Way”, swored cxovrebis gzas gulis-
xmoben, Tumca “qarTuli gza”gansxvavebuli, specifikuri da
grZelia “evropul gzasTan” SedarebiT, isev da isev qarTuli
cnobierebidan da azrovnebis individualobidan gamomdinare.
gia joxaZe
xsovna da istoria
xsovnis istoria ukanasknel xans

respeqtabeluri diskusiis sagnad iqca,
da es istoriuli anTropologiis damsa-
xurebacaa.
albaT, imitom, rom Tanamedrove
kulturaSi tradiciis danawevrebis Se-
degad ,,koleqtiuri mexsierebis gaqro-
bam” gza gauxsna warsulze alternati-
ul Sexedulebebs. axal amocanad iqca
warsulis Zieba _ individebisa da soci-
aluri jgufebis, gansakuTrebiT _ margi-
nalTa dasaxmareblad, hpovon sakuTari
identoba, gaarkvion, ra da vin hgoniaT
Tavi (hatoni 2003).
mexsierebis, xsovnis erT-erTi gan-
sazRvreba gveubneba, rom mexsiereba war-
sulis Semqnelia da misi istoriuli Ta-
viseburebaa _ myofobdes droSi. univer-
saluri mniSvnelobiT, esaa informaciis
gadarCeva, Senaxva da gamoxatva.
cneba ,,xsovna, mexsiereba” miemar-
Teba adamians da sxva arsebebs, romel-
Tac aqvT fsiqika, radgan mexsiereba ara
mxolod inaxavs informacias, aramed aya-
libebs gamocdilebas, warsuls awmyosa
da momavals uTanadebs, individualurs
_ tomobrivs, erTeuls _ sayovelTaos,
gardamavals _ maradiuls da sxv. (Sku-
ratovi 1997).
mexsierebis problema, ra Tqma un-
xsovna da istoria 97
da, samyarosaviT Zvelia, igi araerTxel ganuxilavT.
antikur droSi moazrovne adamianebi fiqrobdnen, rom Cvens
sulSi aris cvilis naWeri, muzaTa dedis _ mnemosines _ mexsie-
rebis mfarvelis _ ZRveni. roca vxedavT, gvesmis an roca viaz-
rebT rasme, am cvilis naWers Cvens grZnobebsa da azrebs vufenT
qveS da imavenairad aRvbeWdavT maT, rogorc beWedi tovebs xol-
me Tavis kvals. amgvarad, arsebobs codna, romelic ar gamomdina-
reobs Cveni grZnobiTi STabeWdilebidan; Cvens mexsierebaSi inaxe-
ba ideaTa formebi da Sablonebi, romelic sulma manamde icoda,
vidre CvenSi moikalaTebda. WeSmariti codna niSnavs im nakvale-
viT operirebas, romlebic grZnobebma dagvitoves. rogorc xe-
davT, ,,kvali”, ,,nakvalevi”, misi urTierToba imasTan, risi nakva-
levicaa, Zalian mniSvnelovania mexsierebis TeoriaSi. mark blo-
kic xom ambobda, rom istoria aris mecniereba, romelic nakva-
levTa kvalobaze iqmneba! (platoni 1953: 251; rikeri 2004).
antikur droSive arsebobda sxva mosazrebac: yvelanairi

codna Cveni grZnobebisagan, maTi STabeWdilebebidan momdinareobs.
aRqma, romelic grZnobis xuTi organoTi gveZleva, Tavdapirve-
lad gardaiqmneba warmosaxvis meSveobiT, xolo Semdeg es Camoya-
libebuli saxeebi eZleva Cvens inteleqtualur SesaZleblobebs.
gaixseno raRac _ niSnavs, ucqiro sulSi aRbeWdil fantazmebs,
saxeebs, maT miRma ki imas, risi anabeWdebic arian isini. warmo-
saxva mosdevs mexsierebas da cnobierebaze imgvarad zemoqmedebs,
rom aiZulebs mas, xelmeored, xelaxla ganicados warsulis
grZnobismieri impulsebi. magram mexsierebis es tipi mainc war-
sulis gaxsenebaa, warsulis xsovnaa. awmyos momentSi awmyos ver
gavixsenebT. awmyo miiRweva gancdiT, momavali _ winaswarWvre-
tiT, warsuli _ mexsierebiT.
Zalian martivad rom vTqvaT, raRacis Secnoba gaxsenebaa.
raRac gvaxsovs, raRacas viviwyebT. magram es codna ganagrZobs
arsebobas, filosofiuri msjelobiT ki SesaZlebeli xdeba misi
aqtualizeba.
fizikuri obieqtebi exmarebian suls, koncentrireba saku-
Tar Tavze moaxdinos, daubrundes dasabamTa dasabams, xelaxla
daeuflos Tavdapirvel codnas, romelic hqonda manam, vidre
CvenSi daibudebda. Sesabamisad, sikvdili sawyisTan, srulyofil
arsebobasTan dabrunebaa, arsebobasTan, romelsac suli drodad-
ro kargavs xolme, imitom, rom gardaisaxeba (aristotele
98 gia joxaZe
2004:25; eliade; platoni 1993:81).
Suasaukuneobriv tradiciaSi mexsierebas, xsovnas aRniSnav-

dnen laTinuri terminiT ,,Memoria”, romelic mraval Sres Sei-
cavda: religiuri TvalsazrisiT, es iyo cocxlebis mier micva-
lebulTa gaxseneba, socialuri mniSvnelobiT _ mkvdrebisa da
cocxlebis erTianobis, Tanamyofobis damkvidreba. memoria aris
mexsiereba, romelic ayalibebs erTianobas. es adamianis cnobiere-
bis niSandoblivi Taviseburebaa, Seinaxos codna gardasulze,
adamianebze, gardacvlilebze... magram es gaxsenebacaa, cnobiereba-
Si warsulis xat-saxeTa da movlenaTa amotivtiveba, aseve, mogo-
neba im socialuri qmedebebisa, romlebSic es mogoneba manifes-
tirdeba (arnautova 2003:23).
rogor gamoixateboda Memoria?
sxvadasxvagvarad: werdnen biografiebs, ukveTdnen gardac-
vlilTa portretebsa da skulpturebs, amzadebdnen saflavis
qvebs... istorikosebma daiwyes istoriografiuli, gamomsaxvelo-
biTi, monumenturi formebis Ziebaca da gamoyenebac. amgvarad, me-
moria aris gansazRvruli epoqis im azrovnebisa da qmedebis
forma, romlebiTac regulirdeboda mkvdarTa da cocxalTa ur-
TierToba. erTi wminda mama aseT klasifikacias gvaZlevda: adami-
anuri goneba Sedgeba gagebisagan, siyvarulisagan da mexsierebisa-
gan.
Cvenc SegviZlia memorias mniSvnelobaTa serias samgvarad
mivudgeT:
pirveli. socialuri mexsiereba aris procesi, romlis meo-
xebiTac sazogadoeba warsuls aRiqvams, rogorc sakuTari iden-
tobis ganuyofel nawils; aq moiazreba e.w. liturgikuli praq-
tika, istoriografia, genealogia, zepiri tradicia, kulturuli
aqtivobis sxvadasxva forma, romelTa farglebSi individebi da
jgufebi sakuTar warsuls exebian;
meore. mexsierebis, xsovnis istoria aris mexsierebis tre-
ningi, romelic exmareba inteleqtualebs, daimaxsovron da gaix-
senon informacia.
dabolos, mexsierebis istoriis uarsebiTesi aspeqti _ kav-
Siri istoriasTan. an iqneb TviT istoriac mexsierebaa?
memoria, rogorc specifikuri kultura, qreba axali dro-
is dadgomasTan erTad. icvleba cocxlebsa da mkvdrebs Soris
urTierToba, icvleba ,,micvalebulTa”, ase vTqvaT, ,,sazogadoeb-
rivi statusi”.
axalma istoriulma mecnierebam, romelsac istoricizmsac

uwodeben, Camoayaliba koleqtiuri maxsovrobis mamoZravebeli
Zalebi: saxeebi da ideebi. civilizaciis sxvadasxva etapebze saxe
da idea Serwymuli iyo arqauli adamianis cnobierebaSi. adamiane-
bi metaforulad azrovnebdnen, es metaforebi ki iolad gamosa-
xati da dasamaxsovrebeli unda yofiliyo. aq moiazreba kavSiri
adgilebsa da saxeebs Sorisac. cnobiereba abstragirebs da Sesa-
bamisad, manZili saxesa da adgils Soris farTovdeba. mexsiere-
bis am xelovnebaSi poetebi warmosaxvis saSualebiT iyalibebdnen
samyaros aRqmas anu mexsiereba iqmneboda saxeebiT, romelTac
forma da sazrisi unda mieniWebinaT samyarosaTvis. gansakuTrebu-
li sazrisiT imuxteboda zepiri kulturac, romlidanac teq-
stebi, iribi mowmobebi, wyaroebi iqmneba. mas merec, rac Caweres,
isini mainc gadaicemoda zepiri gziT. Tanarsebobda cocxali mex-
sierebac da werilobiTi komunikaciac (viko 1994).
XIX saukune istorizmis xanaa, da mexsierebac sxva arafe-

ria, Tu ara adamianisa da sazogadoebis moTxovnileba, da am
mniSvnelobiT _ istoriis Tavisebureba.
erTi marqsistuli yaidis filosofosi ambobda, rom rad-
gan tradiciasTan kavSiri gawyda (XIX saukunes swored tradi-
ciebisagan gaTavisuflebis epoqad moiazrebdnen), amitom dasan-
grevic aRaraferi darCeniliyo. axla mxolod unda daxriliyavi
da narCenTa grovidan Zvirfasi namsxvrevebi gamogerCia (beniamini
2000:83).
XX saukunis ocian wlebSi sociologebma SemogvTavazes,

mexsiereba koleqtiur socialur fenomenad gangvexila: mexsiere-
ba sicocxlisa da sazogadoebis gadarCenis aucilebeli elemen-
tia. is ayalibebs sazogadoebas, rogoradac ayalibebs; is aris
misi identobis safuZvelTa safuZveli...
magram erTi mniSvnelovani detalic: es gaxlavT opozicia
istoria _ mexsiereba;
koleqtiuri mexsiereba erTmaneTs ukavSirebs warsulsa da
awmyos, maSin, roca istoria angrevs am memkvidreobiTobas, awe-
sebs gansxvavebas warsulsa da awmyos Soris. mexsiereba moqme-
debs emociebze, mexsierebis es magia acocxlebs warsuls. isto-
100 gia joxaZe
ria ki cdilobs, warsuli ise gadmosces, rom misi kavSiri aw-

myosTan emociisagan daclili iyos. mexsiereba ukavSirdeba, Cveu-
lebriv, rigiT movlenebs, istoria _ gamorCeulT, RirsSesaniS-
navT. istorias saqme aqvs iseT warsulTan, sadac cocxali mex-
sierebis natamalic ki aRar arsebobs. aseTi warsulis aRdgena
SesaZlebelia sarwmuno wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, magram mentalo-
bas veRar gavacocxlebT (halbvaqsi 2005).
magram... nuTu ase uimedodaa saqme? aris raime xerxi, rom
istoriam mexsierebaSi SeaRwios da _ piriqiT?
aris.
es gaxlavT avtobiografiuli mexsiereba.
ras vgulisxmobT?
warmovidginoT, rom arsebobs ori saxis mexsiereba: Sinaga-
ni da garegani, piradi da socialuri, avtobiografiuli da is-
toriuli... pirveli iyenebs meores, radgan Cveni cxovrebis is-
toriac istoriis nawilia. magram meore, bunebrivia, pirvelze
farToa. igi warmogvidgens warsuls mxolod Semoklebuli da
sqematuri formiT, maSin, roca Cveni cxovrebiseuli mexsiereba
gvTavazobs ufro uwyvet da ufro msuye suraTs. Tumca mexsie-
reba Zalian arasaimedo winamZRvaria warsulis realobis dasad-
genad.
Semdeg, XX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi, saerTod uaryves

tradicia, rogorc istoriuli kvlevis safuZveli: roca isto-
rikosi tradicias mimarTavs, igi Tavs ver aRwevs warsulis kon-
cefciebs. tradiciebi qmnian erTianobis iluzias, imeoreben ad-
rindel inteleqtualur orientirebs... am xanis adeptTa azriT,
istorias, rogorc gaxsenebasa da Secnobas, unda dapirispirebo-
da parodireba da ngreva; istorias, rogorc tradicias _ iden-
tobis rRveva; istorias, rogorc Semecnebas _ WeSmaritebaTa
msxvreva da Sewirva. istoria saerTod unda gaTavisuflebuliyo
mexsierebis modelisagan. istoriisagan unda SeeqmnaT kontrmexsi-
ereba da masSi, Sesabamisad, drois sxva forma ganefinaT.
ufro gvian, eWvqveS daayenes Tavad istoriuli realobis

cneba.
gTavazobT gaazrebas:
Tu is, rac Cemamde iyo, CemTvis ucxoa, Tu ar vici da arc
minda vicode, maSin vkargav identifikacias Cemamde arsebul Tao-
bebTan, ara?
magram isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Sinaganad, eqsisten-
ciurad, me araferi makavSirebs maTTan _ istoriis personaJebi
arc ucxoni arian CemTvis, arc _ nacnobni. istoria, rogorc
obieqturi procesi, ar aisaxeba Cems sazogadoebriv da kultu-
rul Tvalsazrisze da ar ayalibebs mas. CemTan mimarTebiT isto-
ria oden garegania, kargavs Sinagan aucileblobas da amitomac
meZleva, rogorc nebismieri konstruqcia _ SeiZleba misi manipu-
lireba; SeiZleba masze imoqmedos gareatmosferom, ideologiur-
ma impulsebma, piradma swrafvebma da a.S. (fuko 2003:554).
bolo xans, rac ufro did rols TamaSobs mexsiereba, miT

ufro saSuri xdeba masa da istorias Soris kavSiris dadgena.
frangma istorikosma pier noram aRadgina termini ,,koleq-
tiuri mexsiereba“ da gadawyvita Seerigebina isini erTmaneTisaT-
vis. SemogvTavaza, mentalobasaviT Segveswavla koleqtiuri mex-
siereba: Segveswavla topografiuli, monumentaluri, simboluri,
funqcionaluri ,,adgilebi“, romlebTanac sazogadoeba akavSirebs
Tavisebur memorialTa istorias. noram SemogvTavaza, xelmeored
gagveazrebina TviT mexsierebis cneba. is aRar aris warsulis
elementTa erTianoba, romelic unda davimaxsovroT, raTa movam-
zadoT niadagi sasurveli momavlisaTvis; misi saSualebiT Cven
sakuTari awmyo unda gaviazroT. Tavis wignSi ,,xsovnis adgile-
bi“ nora gvirCevs warsulis Zegli vaqcioT xsovnis adgilad, me-
morialad, romelSic mexsierebam unda gaiRviZos. muzeumi, ro-
melsac aTvaliereben, unda iqces muzeumad, romelSic cxovroben,
romelSic eqsponatebTan uSualo da aqtiuri kontaqti aqvT. am
process hqvia warsulis prezentatiulad gamoyeneba.
mecnieris midgomis Tanaxmad, erTmaneTisagan unda gavarCi-
oT memorialebi da is, rasac nora uwodebs ,,xsovnis adgilebs“.
memorialebi isaa, romlebsac qmnis oficialuri sazogadoebrivi
gaerTianebebi an mTavroba, raTa Semoinaxon raRacis xsovna: quCe-
bis saxelwodebani, veteranTa asociaciebi, omis msxverplTa Zeg-
lebi; yovelive es memorialebia.
roca istorikosi amuSavebda cnebas ,,xsovnis adgilebi“,
misi, rogorc mecnieris, amocana iyo, gaeazrebina mexsierebis,
xsovnis gageba, eCvenebina, rom arsebobs mexsierebis sivrce, ro-
melic gacilebiT farToa, vidre memorialebSi asaxuli Sexedu-
leba warsulze. ,,mexsierebis adgilad“ SeiZleba iqces sityva,
102 gia joxaZe
institucia. magaliTad movitanoT safrangeTis akademia. igi

XVII saukuneSi aages, raTa leqsikoni SeeqmnaT, enobrivi normebi
daemkvidrebinaT. safrangeTis akademiisaTvis mexsierebis kulti
Zalian mniSvnelovania _ roca mis wevrs irCeven, Tavis Sesaval
sityvaSi momavalma akademikosma unda moixsenios igi, vis adgil-
sac ikavebs. veravin uwodebs am ceremonias ,,memorials“ _ es
swored rom xsovnis adgilia.
an ganvixiloT safrangeTis revoluciis devizi ,,Tavisuf-
leba, erToba, Zmoba“ ... es ar aris memoriali... aravis ukvlevia
misi istoria. saerTod, safrangeTis ZiriTad simboloTa isto-
ria aravis ukvlevia.
noram swored am simboloTa _ himnis, droSis da sxv. _
kvleva daiwyo.
Semdeg misi TvalTaxedvis areSi moxvda cneba ,,Taoba”. ro-
goria am popularuli terminis istoria? am cnebis gamoyeneba
safrangeTSi revoluciis droidan daiwyes. manamde jer kidev
Zlieri iyo mamaTa avtoriteti. roca monarqia daingra, gaCnda
e.w. horizontaluri solidaroba, magaliTad, SesaZlebeli gaxda,
mSoblebis uneburad daqorwinebuliyavi da memkvidreoba mainc mi-
geRo (manamde memkvidreoba pirmSoobis uflebas gulisxmobda).
,,Taobis” koncefcia viTardeboda, icvleboda 1968 wlamde, vidre
axalgazrdebma ar Seqmnes erTgvari axali tipis Taoba. manamde
safrangeTSi yovelTvis ambobdnen, vTqvaT, ,,pirveli msoflio
omis”, ,,saxalxo frontis’, ,,gaTavisuflebis” Taoba. 1968 wels
gamoCnda wigni ,,Taoba”, romelic gamodioda yvela Taobisa da
avtoritarulobis yvela formis winaaRmdeg. bevrs laparakobdnen
imazec, rom Taobaa erTi asakisa da saerTo mexsierebis xalxi.
am koncefciiT wignebic ki iwereboda.
mark bloki ambobda, rom sityva Taoba istorikosma ar un-
da gamoiyenos, igi umniSvneloa, rogorc inteleqtualuri, ise _
demografiuli TvalsazrisiTo.
pier nora piriqiT moiqca, raTa gaexaza winaaRmdegobis
yvela sirTule da eCvenebina, rom es sityvac (,,Taoba“) xsovnis
erT-erTi adgilia, is adgilia, romelsac granitis memorialiviT
SeuZlia xsovnis Senaxva (nora 1999).
sabolood, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom, rogorc Cans, istoriu-

li identobis Zieba yvelgan da yvelaferSi SeiZleba.
literatura:
1. Хаттон, П. История как искусство памяти. – СПб., 2003

2. Шкуратов, В. А. Историческая психология. – М., 1997
3. Платон. Теэтет / Платон // Собр. соч.: в 4 т. – М., 1993. – Т. 2.
4. Рикёр, П. Память, история, забвение. – М., 2004
5. Аристотель. О памяти и припоминании // Вопросы философии. –
2004. – № 7.
6. Элиаде, М. Аспекты мифа. – М., 2000.
7. Платон. Менон / Платон // Собр. соч.: в 4 т. – М., 1993. – Т.
2.
8. Вико, Дж. Основания новой науки об общей природе
наций. – М. – Киев, 1994.
9. Хальбвакс, М. Коллективная и историческая память //
Неприкосновенный запас. – 2005. – № 2.
10. Фуко, М. Ницше, генеалогия, история // Ницше и
современная западная мысль: сб. статей / под ред. В.
Каплуна. – СПб., 2003.
11. Нора, П., Озуф, М., Пюимеж, Ж. де, Винок, М. Франция –
память / пер. с фр. Д. Хапаевой. – СПб., 1999
nino abakelia
“ornamentizebuli” dro da
sivrce saqarTvelos
teritoriaze dacul
brinjaos artefaqtebze
mkiTxvelis yuradReba gvinda gavama-

xviloT saqarTvelos teritoriaze da-
cul adrebrinjaos xanis gravirebul
sartylebze (Zv.w.IX-VII saukuneebi. rom-
lebic, aseve, gvxvdeba dRevandeli somxe-
Tisa da azerbaijanis teritoriebze), vi-
zualuri masala, werilobiT wyaroebsa
da zepirsityvier masalasTan erTad, mi-
Tebis Seswavlis uniSvnelovanesi wyaroa.
aRniSnuli sartylebis gravirebuli sce-
nebi istoriebs mogviTxroben da, Sesaba-
misad, droisa da sivrcis arahomogenur
struqturaze migvaniSneben.
zogadad, sartyeli, rogorc nivTi,
droSi, sivrcesa da kulturis konteq-
stSi funqciobs. sartyels, rogorc ma-
terialur nivTs, iseT semiotikur sis-
temaSi CarTvisas, rogoric ritualia,
eZleva niSnis funqcia, xolo sistemidan
gamovardnis SemTxvevaSi, isev nivTad iq-
ceva. misi semiotikuri statusi, SesaZ-
loa, arsebiTad Seicvalos droSi, sxva-
dasxvanairad funqciobdes, rogorc erTi
eTnosis SigniT, aseve _ gansxvavebuli
eTnikuri warmonaqmnisaTvis da icvlebo-
des situaciis mixedviT.
òrnamentizebuli~ dro da sivrce saqarTvelos teritoriaze... 105
zogadad, sagani da, konkretulad _ sartyeli, ramdenadac
“simboluri” xdeba, imdenad zebunebriv Rirebulebebsa da for-
mebze mianiSnebs. aRniSnuli sartylebis maRali semiotikuri
statusi Cans mis ramodenime maxasiaTebelSi: a) dekorSi, rome-
lic esTetikur CarCoebs scdeba; b) uZvelesi kosmologiis ana-
reklSi; g) mis reglamentirebul xmarebaSi da sxv. is, rogorc
semiotikuri statusis mqone sagani, garkveuli saxis miTebTan,
anu sakralur istoriebTan, narativebTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Tu rwmena-warmodgenebsa da ritualSi monawile sartyeli
niSania (da is namdvilad niSania), es gulisxmobs masSi kodire-
bul aqtualur informacias, Setyobinebas, romelic unda gai-
Sifros. mas adresati hyavs.
brinjaos sartylebma aRmoCenisTanave mravali mecnieris yu-
radReba miipyro. isini Seiswavleboda, upirveles yovlisa, ro-
gorc xelovnebis nimuSebi da, Sesabamisad, mkvlevrebs aintere-
sebdaT maTSi formisa da stilis ganviTareba. mecnierebs, aseve,
ainteresebdaT, Tu sad da vin atarebda amgvar qamrebs: mezobeli
urartuelebi, xeTebi Tu sxvebi1, qalebi Tu mamakacebi, meomrebi,
warCinebulni, Cinianni Tu uCinoni da sxv. (kozlovi, uruSaZe,
1994; xidaSeli 1984,2001, 2005; surgulaZe 1987; yifiani,
2000) (magram aucileblad migvaCnia imis aRniSvnac, rom TiToe-
uli sartyeli gansxvavebulad aris gaformebuli da, Sesabami-
sad, sxvadasxva informaciis matarebelia).
mecnierebi sxvadasxva dros dekoratiul detalebs xan na-
yofierebis simboloTaAsferos miakuTvnebdnen, xan agrikulturas
ukavSirebdnen, xanac amiranis eposs. mag.; jvaredinad gravirebul
rombisebur formebs an kvadratebs miiCnevdnen kultivirebul ya-
nebad, gravirebuli Strixebi wvimasTan, xolo dawinwkluli sam-
kuTxedebi mTis meurneobasTan kavSirdeboda, yuradReba maxvilde-
boda iremsa da xarze, rogorc sameurneo cxovelebze da sxv.
maT, aseve, agrikulturul kalendarTan, da Sesabamisad, pirveli
1
qamrebi, faqtobrivad, berZeni gmirebis atributebia literaturasa da
xelovnebaSi geometriuli (Zv.w. 900-700 ww) da “orientalizebuli”
(Zv.w. 730-600 ww.) periodebisTvis. miSel benetis mixedviT, homerosis
ìliadaSi~ brZolis dros sartylebi icaven gmirebs sikvdilisgan.
srtylis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia mefis gamorCeva ubralo mokvdavTagan.
sartyeli megobrobis niSnad gaicvleboda. mas atarebdnen mokriveni, me-
etleni, moWidaveni da sxv.
106 nino abakelia
kvalis gayvanasTan, TesvasTan, mosavlis aRebasTan da sxv. akavSi-

rebdnen (kozlovi, uruSaZe 1994), bolo dros ki _ sakralur
nadirobasa da purobasTan (xidaSeli 1984, 2001, 2005; surgu-
laZe 1987).
sartylebze Cvens winaSe iSleba: naratiuli scenebi adamian-
Ta stilizebuli gamosaxulebebiT; aseve ornamentebi, romlebic
geometriuli stilisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
aRniSnul nivTebSi aqcenti ufro nadirobis scenaze iyo ga-
datanili da naklebi yuradReba eqceoda anturaJs, sadac es sce-
na viTardeba, an, ufro zustad, sxvagvarad iyo interpretirebu-
li, vidre qvemoT warmovadgenT.
sartylebze gvaqvs Setyobineba, romelic ganlagebulia ro-
gorc realur sivrceSi, asevev warmosaxvaSi da iqmneba, v. topo-
rovs rom davesesxoT (romelic, Tavis mxriv, hartmans emyarebo-
da), mimarTeba: teqsti, sivrce da sivrce/teqsti (toporovi
1983, 227-284), romelic aseve ilustraciaa propoziciisa, rom-
lis mixedviTac, teqsti sivrculia. sivrcis Wvretisas marTlac
yvelaze mniSvnelovani da paradoqsuli isaa, rom cnobiereba siv-
rces warmogvidgens, maSin rodesac TviTon cnobiereba Tavisi
yvelanairi SinaarsiT usivrcoa (toporovi, iqve).
samonadireo rituali gulisxmobs ramdenime tipis sivrcul
garemos (Sinas da gares), da, Sesabamisad, sakiTxTan dakavSire-
biT, Semogvaqvs termini _ liminaluric ( anu zRvruli), rome-
lic Tavis droze anTropologiaSi van genepma Semoitana socia-
luri da individualuri yvelanairi cvalebadi procesis Sesas-
wavlad droiT da sivrcul planSi. mas Cven ganvavrcobT samona-
direo ritualzec da Sesabamisad, naSromi organizdeba sakiTxe-
bis garSemo: a) Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes liminaluri zemoT
xsenebul artefaqtebSi, romlebic naratiul xatebad warmogvid-
geba.
Tumca liminaluris ganxilvamde, ramdenime sakiTxze gava-
maxvileb yuradRebas. kerZod, aRniSnuli sartylebis Setyobine-
bis gacnobierebas, Cveni azriT, SevyavarT adamiani/buneba-s Soris
arsebuli komunikaciis arsSi da, Sesabamisad _ sivrcul mimar-
TebebSi, rogorebicaa opoziciebi: Sina/gare, saiqio/saaqao, da
droiT mimarTebebSi: amieri/imieri, warmavali/waruvali. qarTul
percefciaSi, romelic araCveulebrivad kompleqsuria Tavisi bu-
nebidan gamomdinare, es opoziciebi dakavSirebulia mokvdavTa re-
alobasTan. Sesabamisad, sivrcul da droiT parametrebSi Sina da
gare samyaroTaAsivrculi mimarTebebi mocemulia istoriebSi,
romlebic exeba mogzaurobas, sanadirod wasvlas, miaxloebas
sakralur centrTan (n. abakelia, 2006). es gadasvlebi, romle-
bic liminaluri zonebis gadalaxvas gulisxmobs, aseve droSi
mogzaurobebicaa. gavixsenoT farTod gavrcelebuli idea, rom
xanmokle mogzauroba “iq”, Seesabameba ufro xangrZliv droiT
intervals “aq” (Tumca inversiuli SemTxvevebic mravladaa), ro-
desac drois xangrZlivoba “iq” ufro didia, vidre “aq”, amierSi.
saiqioSi Sesvla (gasvla) SesaZlebelia: a) TuU individi inicia-
ciagavlili da rCeulia; b) sakralur dros (magaliTad, dRe-
saswaulis dros), an g) nadirobis daSvebis dros, rac sakralu-
ri centris mflobel nadirTpatrons ukavSirdeba (n. abakelia,
2006, 201-13) da sxv.
rogorc specialuri literaturidan kargadaa cnobili, siv-
rcisa da drois centrebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian. amitom siv-
rcis nebismieri aRwera gulisxmobs “aq da axla”-s, xolo yve-
lanairi orientacia droSi gulisxmobs orientacias sivrceSi.
sivrcis dayofa mimarTulebebad da zonebad paraleluria drois
dayofisa fazebad (toporovi, 1983).
sartylis dekoridan da funqciebidan gamomdinare migvaCnia,
rom gravirebuli sartyeli monadiris samosis atributi da Se-
sabamisad, misi statusis maCvenebelic unda yofiliyo. sartylis
tareba, iseve rogorc monadiris mier magiuri beWdis floba,
romelsac tyis dedofali aZlevs monadires, rogorc Tavis rCe-
uls, migvaCnia, rom bed-iRbalTan aris dakavSirebuli (abakelia:
2006, 201-213).
raWa-leCxumSi SemorCenilia ritualuri saferxulo simRe-
ra (“qalsa visme erqva SroSanao...~), romelic nadirTpatrons,
saxelad _ SroSanas eZRvneba (dawvrilebiT analizi teqstisa
ix. n. abakelia 2006, 201-212. iqve literatura).
aRniSnuli ritualuri teqstis analizma gviCvena, rom sawe-
so simRera ufro didi miTis nawils warmoadgens, romelic na-
dirobas, monadirisa da qalRvTaebis sasiyvarulo urTierTobas
da rCeulobis instituts ukavSirdeba. saweso leqsis ufro
farTo konteqstSi ganxilva masTan dakavSirebul axal informa-
ciul nakadebs warmoSobs. qalis saxeli SroSana, romelic mTis
TeTri surnelovani yvavilis (liliis) aRmniSvnelia, mas, erTi
mxriv, odoristul kodSi rTavs, xolo meore mxriv, yvavilis
centridan gamomavali furclebis gamo, romelic centridan ga-
108 nino abakelia
mosxivebas SeiZleba SevadaroT, genoniseuli gagebiT, mas samya-

ros simbolizmTan akavSirebs (gavixsenoT egviptur Sesaqmis miT-
Si an induistur tradiciaSi lotosi, rogorc samyaros gamov-
lineba, romelzec RvTaebaa gamosaxuli da sxv.).
Cveni gamokvlevebidan gamomdinare (2006, 2010 178-187),
qalRvTaeba SroSanasTan ramdenime azrobrivad Tanxvedrili sim-
bolo asocirdeba. mag., yvavili da beWedi. orives (beWedsa da
yvavils), rogorc wris manifestacias, wris yvela miTologiuri
mniSvneloba miuRia da maT Soris TviTobisac anu sicocxlis
yvelaze arsebiTi aspeqtic, iungiseuli gagebiT (TviTobaze ix.:
iungi: 2005), romelic yovelTvis mis absolutur sisruleze
mianiSnebs.
sxva simboloTa agebuleba, romelsac teqstSi vxvdebiT,
efuZneba wrisa da RerZis gamosaxulebas. Tvliani beWedi, ro-
gorc wre, samyaros warmosaxviTi suraTxatia. mis centrSi amo-
suli naZvis xe RerZuli simbolikis mniSvnelobisaa (centris da
RerZis simbolizmTan dakavSirebiT ix. eliade: 1958) Sesabamisad,
wreSi (moZraobis simbolo) amosuli xe (uZraobis simbolo)
moZravisa da uZravis mimarTebis maCvenebelia. horizontalur
proeqciaSi xe, zogadad, samyaros Wipad aris miCneuli, xolo
vertikalSi _ samyaros RerZad (genoni: 2000).
mciremasStabiani samyaros modelis struqturas, romelsac
beWedi iZleva, kosmiuri aspeqti aqvs, xolo beWedi im suraT-
xats gvaZlevs, romelSic dro da sivrce (“aq” da “axla”) iWre-
ba, da iqmneba realoba, mTlianoba.
amrigad, monadire sazogadoebis is privilegirebuli piria,
romelsac qalRvTaebis keTilganwyobis gamo, SeuZlia, neba eZle-
va mivides sakralur centrTan, miaRwios samoTxiseul mdgomare-
obas da droebiT daeuflos mTlianobas.
monadiris gasvla gareT da Sexvedra qalRvTaebasTan, masTan
satrfialo xelSekrulebis dadeba da amiT bedis mopoveba ukve
mis gansakuTrebul sensitivobaze miuTiTebs. praqtikulad, mona-
diris araCveulebrivad gamaxvilebuli grZnobebis meSveobiT
vlindeba sakraluri samyaro sazogadoebisTvis. monadire am Sem-
TxvevaSi gansxvavdeba sazogadoebis sxva wevrebisgan sakuTari
religiuri gancdebis intensivobiT. misi sulieri cxovreba fa-
ruli unarebis gamo ufro Rrma da Sinaarsiania, vidre sxva da-
narCeni xalxisa. monadiris Sexvedrisas qalRvTaebasTan xdeba mi-
si transformacia Cveulebrividan araCveulebrivSi _ rCeulSi.
mTlianoba zemoT motanili wriuli saferxulo rituali-
Tac gamoixateboda. eTnologebis mier Seswavlil ferxulebSi
(zemyrelo, saxato ferxulebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeT-
Si) samyaros wrebrunvis ideaa gamoxatuli samyaros RerZis gar-
Semo, cisa da miwis kavSiri sakralur centrSi, drois cikluri
mdinareba, rac samyaros wesrigs, nayofierebas, keTildReobas da
sxv. ukavSirdeba (alaverdaSvili: 2004,.24; 2005). magram sxva-
dasxva konteqstSi moqceuli TiToeuli ferxuli gansxvavebuli
simboluri mniSvnelobisaa.
ras SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes samonadireo ciklSi Car-
Tuli ferxuli da risi simbolo SeiZleba iyos igi? amaze
SeiZleba teqstma gvipasuxos, romelic realurad qalRvTa-
ebis invokaciaa, da Sesrulebis wesma: ferxuls mTeli so-
feli asrulebs. orive, rogorc verbaluri, aseve araverba-
luri qmedeba erTmaneTs avsebs da exmareba, orive erTad ki
_ monadires.
saferxulo moZraobebiT “daxatuli” forma, Cveni az-
riT, SesaZloa identificirebul iqnas labirinTTan, xolo
cekva _ labirinTul cekvasTan. aRniSnul konkretul si-
tuaciaSi cekvis mizania, gaamxnevos monadire da gauZRves
mas uxilav bilikze, romelic warmavalidan waruval sfe-
roSi miemarTeba (Sdr. Samanebis cekvas, romelic exmareba
Samans, gavides sulier samyaroSi an Sivas cekvas cecxlo-
van wreSi, romelic Sesaqmes ukavSirdeba).
magram ras unda niSnavdes am konkretul SemTxvevaSi
invokaciis Semcveli ferxuli? Tu gaviTvaliswinebT sakra-
luri cekvebis sxvadasxva funqcias da, aseve, Tu mxedvelo-
baSi miviRebT im geometriul naxazs, romelic am cekvebiT
iqmneba, maSin SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom aRniSnul saferxulo
sakraluri cekvis mizani iyo im bilikis, im gzis daxatva,
romelic unda gaevlo monadires da romelic SeiZleba ga-
nisazRvros, rogorc labirinTuli cekva (cekva-labirinTi)
an sulier samyaroSi gasasvleli simboluri gza. sakralu-
ri cekvis mizani iyo, gaemxnevebina monadire da gaecilebina
igi uxilav bilikze, romelsac is unda gaeyvana warmavli-
dan waruval samyaroSi. Cveni azriT, igive idea unda iyos
110 nino abakelia
gamoxatuli adrebrinjaos xanis gravirebul sartylebzec.

zemoT xsenebul gravirebul brinjaos sartylebis (Zv. w.
IX-VII saukuneebi) kideebze SesaZlebelia labirinTis jva-
redini modelis identificireba, romelsac ukve eTnogra-
fiul doneze gamokveTili religiuri mniSvneloba hqonda
qarTvelebisTvis.
Cveni azriT, labirinTis modeli (romelic SeiZleba Sedge-
bodes koncentruli wreebisagan, kvadratebisa an romelime sxva
geometriuli figurisgan) SeiZleba identificirebul iqnas ze-
moT xsenebuli brinjaos gravirebuli sartylebis kideebze Seq-
mnil gamosaxulebebTan; labirinTis modeli eTnografiul done-
ze avlens gamokveTil religiur funqciebs qarTvelTa rwmena-
warmodgenebSi. magram ra SesaZlebeli mniSvneloba SeiZleba
hqondes brinjaos sartylebs, romelnic mecnierebis mier gaigive-
bulia RvTiuri nadirobis da purobis scenebTan? sartyeli Ta-
vad miuTiTebs mis mflobelze e.i. monadireze, romelsac imisaT-
vis rom enadira, samoTxismsgavs sakralur centrSi qalRvTaebis
gulis molboba da Tanxmoba esaWiroeboda, rac ar iyo advili
saqme da sadac misvla mxolod qalRvTaebis rCeuls SeeZlo. aR-
niSnuli rwmena-warmodgenebis fonze gasagebi xdeba, Tu ratom
sruldeboda saferxulo simRerebi mTeli soflis mier, rac gu-
lisxmobda qalRvTaebis invokacias, romelsac monadirisTvis iR-
bliani nadiroba unda uzrunveleyo. ferxulebis zogadi elemen-
tebi moicavs moZraobebis spiralur kompleqsurobas, gameorebiT
reversiebs (erT mxares brunvas, SeCerebas da Semdeg sapirispiro
mxares trials), TiTqosda ganmeorebadi winaaRmdegobebis gamo
SeCerebebis Semdeg xelaxal formad qmnas, romlebic simbolurad
SeiZleba daxveul bilikebs warmoadgendnen. misadgomebi sakra-
lur centrSi rTuli iyo da gmirs (am konkretul SemTxvevaSi
_ monadires) unda daeZlia labirinTuli siZneleebi. Cveni az-
riT, swored saferxulo simRerebis qoreografia avlens labi-
rinTuli konstruqciebis simbolizms.
amgvarad, aRniSnuli ferxulis teqsti qalRvTaebisadmi mo-
wodebaa; xolo rac Seexeba qoreografias, is Zneli gzis sirTu-
leTa magiuri daZlevis saSualebaa, romelic unda daxmareboda
monadires gzis gavlaSi.
Cveni azriT, ferxulis Tu magiuri labirinTis Sesruleba /
warmodgena, magiuri da damcavi sartylis floba (SesaZloa, ma-
giur beWedTan erTad) unda daxmareboda monadires sakraluri
centris saxifaTo Ziebasa da miRwevaSi.
zemoT Tqmulis analizi im varaudis saSualebas iZleva,
rom sakraluri nadiroba uSualod dakavSirebuli iyo sazRvris
garRvevasa da, Sesabamisad, labirinTis daZlevasTan (romelic,
rogorc liminaluri zona, rTuli da saxifaTo gzis daZlevis
simboloa). brinjaos sartylebze gravirebuli sakraluri labi-
rinTi mogviano ganviTarebis Sedegad SesaZloa Secvliliyo Wvi-
ruli balTebiT (a.w. III-II ss.); es ukanasknelni, Cveni azriT,
Zalze lakoniurad aCveneben sakraluri centris simbolizms da
mis mflobel tyis dedofals zoomorful ipostasSi (igi SesaZ-
loa warmodgenili yofiliyo garkveuli saxeobis cxovelis an
hibriduli arsebis saxiT) da, aseve, labirinTis abreviaturas.
amgvarad, sartyeli-balTis kompleqsi, warmoaCenda ra kon-
trasts warmavalsa da waruval samyaroebs Soris, “iwereboda”
“samyaros modelSi”, romelic asocirdeboda garkveul miTori-
tualur kompleqsebTan. isini, Cveni varaudiT, mianiSneben misi
mfloblis statusze (rCeuli monadire, tyis droebiTi meufe da
meuRle sakraluri centris mfloblisa da mcvelisa) da Zala-
uflebaze, xolo maTi gakeTeba da moxsna dakavSirebuli iyo sai-
qioSi gasvlasa da iqidan dabrunebasTan, Sesabamisad _ erTi mo-
dalobidan meoreze gadasvlasTan.
literatura:
abakelia: nino abakelia, simbolo-analogiebi da implicituri

“Teologia”erT saweso saferxulo simReraSi, kavka-
siur-axlo aRmosavluri krebuli, Tb., 2006.
abakelia: nino abakelia, sartyeli-balTa kompleqsis sakulto da
kosmologiuri ganzomilebisaTvis qarTul miToritua-
lur sistemaSi, anTropologiuri kvlevani, Tb., 2010.
alaverdaSvili: qeTevan alaverdaSvili, wriuli ritualuri
ferxulebis simbolikisaTvis qarTuli eTnografiuli
masalis mixedviT, masalebi saqarTvelos eTnografii-
saTvis, 25, Tb., 2005.
genoni: Рене Генон, Символы священной науки., М., 2002.
eliade: Mircea Eliade, Pattens in comparative religion, N.Y., 1958.
iungi: karl gustav iungi, fsiqologia da alqimia, Tb., 2005
kozlovi, uruSaZe: Arielle Kozloff and Nino Urushadze, Animal Style
112 nino abakelia
Bronze Art and its Closest Parallels: A Bronze Belt and Axe
Head. The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum Art. Vol.
.81.No.5.pp. 118-139.
surgulaZe: irakli surgulaZe, xalxuri ornamenti, Tb., 1987
toporovi: В.Н. Топоров, Текст: семантика и структура.М.,1983.
xidaSeli: manana xidaSeli, centraluri amierkavkasiis grafiku-
li xelovneba adreul rkinis xanaSi (brinjaos gra-
fikuli sartylebi). gamokvleva da katalogi, Tb.,
1982.
xidaSeli: manana xidaSeli, samyaros suraTi arqaul saqarTve-
loSi, Tb., 2001.
xidaSeli: manana xidaSeli, rituali da simbolo arqaul kul-
turaSi, Tb., 2005.
yifiani: guram yifiani, brinjaos Wvirul balTaTa atribuci-
is sakiTxebi, kavkasiis macne, # 1, 2000.
semiotika da sxva
a
lali guledani
`mamaTa Segonebanis~ ideur-

Tematuri Taviseburebani
`mamaTa Segonebani’’ miSnis mcire

zomis, magram SinaarsiT mdidari traqta-
tia. miSnis periodis literatura moi-
cavs Cv. w. I-VI saukuneebs, roca ebrau-
li, arameuliT Seviwroebuli, magram
jer kidev rabinTa cocxali salaparako
enaa. maT Seqmnes akademiuri literatu-
ra: bibliis komentarebi da bibliuri ka-
nonebis damatebani, romlebic, ZiriTadad,
iuridiuli da religiuri xasiaTisani
arian [2,70].
saxelwodeba `miSna’’ momdnareobs
zmnidan `Sana”, romlis sawyisi mniSvne-
lobaa `ganmeoreba’’. bibliur literatu-
raSi man miiRo mniSvneloba ìswavla’’,
àswavla’’ zepiri gadmocemiT da ara _
werilobiT. Aam sityvis axali mniSvne-
loba ganapiroba im faqtma, rom garkveu-
li codnis miReba xdeboda xSiri zepiri
gameorebis gziT [1, 64].
sxva mosazrebiT, TviT ebraelebi
`miSnas’’ xsnian, rogorc `meore kanons’’,
iqidan gamomdinare, rom ricxviTi saxe-
li “ori” ebraulSi imave Zirisaa. amave
dros, `pirvel kanonad’’ ebraelebi
Tvlian `Toras’’ _ moses xuTwigneuls,
`miSnas’’ ki isini uwodeben `zepir To-
ras’’, `dawerili Torasagan’’ (e.i. moses
114 lali guledani
xuTwigneulisagan) gansxvavebiT, ramdenadac `miSna’’ moses xuT-

wigneulSi moTavsebuli kanonebis ganviTareba, maTi ganmartebaa.
igi iqmneboda palestinis skolebSi II taZris epoqaSi. `miSna”
moicavs `halaxebs’’ (halaxa sakulto da saRvTismetyvelo-iuri-
diuli normaa). `miSnaSi” mocemulia am normebis axsna da siste-
matizacia avtoritetuli swavlulebis mier [4, 17].
`miSna” iyofa eqvs did ganyofilebad anu ‫( סדרים‬wesrigi),
romelic moicavs 64 traqtatsa (‫ )מסכות‬da 524 Tavs (‫)פרקים‬.
TiToeuli Tavi iyofa paragrafebad (‫ )משניות‬an halaxebad
(‫[)הלכות‬5, 132].
traqtatebis ganlageba ar aris Tanmimdevruli. Mmxolod is
SeiniSneba, rom moculobiT didi traqtatebi win uswrebs mom-
croebs. TiToeul seders Tavisi daniSnuleba aqvs, Tumca xSiria
Temidan gadaxveva. magaliTad, pirveli ganyofileba ixsneba traq-
tatiT RvTismsaxurebis Sesaxeb. aseve moulodnelia meoTxe se-
derSi (‫ )נזקין‬iseTi Txzulebis CarTva, rogoricaa e.w. `mamaTa
Segonebani’’, romelSic Tavmoyrilia sxvadasxva droSi moRvawe
brZenTa zneobrivi Segonebebi, didaqtika, sentenciebi.
`mamaTa Segonebani” religiur-zneobrivi gamonaTqvamebisa da
aforizmebis krebulia. Aaq gadmocemulia uZvelesi saukuneebidan
Cv. w. III saukunemde mcxovreb brZen mamaTa cxovrebiseuli gamoc-
dilebis filosofiuri naazrevi. traqtati Sedgeba xuTi Tavis-
gan, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, paragrafebad iyofa. pirvel oTx
TavSi mocemulia 60 yvelaze ufro cnobili mqadageblis swav-
lebani. TiToeuli maTgani warmodgenilia sxvadasxva ideis mqone
maRali zneobrivi datvirTvis erTi an ramdenime aforizmiT. Tum-
ca aris iseTi nimuSebic, roca erT gamonaTqvamSi gaerTianebulia
saerTo ideis mqone cxovrebiseuli wesi.
aforizmebis gadmocemis sistema damyarebulia qronologiur
principze, anu wminda simonidan moyolebuli mowafeebisa da mo-
wafeTa mowafeebis Tanmimdevroba qronologiurad daculia. mexu-
Te TavSi bolo oTxi paragrafis gamoklebiT, ZiriTadad, anonimi
avtorebis swavlebania mocemuli, xolo meeqvseSi-Toris swavle-
bis mniSvnelobis qadageba. me-5 Tavis bolo da me-6 Tavi mTlia-
nad ganekuTvneba im periods, roca miSnis redaqtireba damTavre-
buli iyo. rogorc Cans, es monakveTi am krebulSi mogvianebiT
CarTes [6, 494-495].
miSnis sxva traqtatebisagan gansxvavebiT, mamaTa swavlebani
ar Seicavs praqtikul miTiTebebs, aramed qadagebs zneobriv da
`mamaTa Segonebanis~ ideur-Tematuri Taviseburebani 115
qcevis normebsa da maRal sulier Tvisebebs. Segonebebs Soris

yvelaze mravalricxovania Torasa da mis swavlebasTan dakavSi-
rebuli gamonaTqvamebi. am Temas exeba “mamaTa Segonebanis” pirve-
li oTxi Tavis umetesi muxli da meeqvse Tavi mTlianad.
pirveli Tavi iwyeba mimarTviT, rom Tora, romelic mosem
miiRo RmerTisagan sinais mTaze, gadaecaT uxucesebs, uxucesebis-
gan winaswarmetyvelebs, xolo maTgan _ didi krebis warmomad-
genlebs, saWiroebs dacvasa da misi swavlebis gafarToebas. aq
aris mowodeba wminda wignis mcodneTa mimarT, raTa gaavrcelon
Toris swavleba, vinaidan samyaro dgas sam safuZvelze: Toraze,
RvTismsaxurebasa da qvelmoqmedebaze [10, 1.2].
imisaTvis, rom naTeli gaxdes, am Temaze ra xasiaTis Sego-
nebani gvxvdeba krebulSi, warmovadgenT maTgan zogierTs Cveneu-
li TargmaniT (krebulis Tematuri mimoxilvisaTvis zedmetad mi-
viCnieT gamonaTqvamebis avtor brZenTa saxelebis miTiTeba):
- ... ar emsaxuro ufals viTarca mona, romelic raime jil-
dos elis, aramed viTarca mona, romelic uangarod, RvTismoSi-
SebiT emsaxureba mas [10, 1.3].
- ... iyos Seni saxli brZeni adamianebis TavSesayar adgilad.
daujeqi maT ferxTiT da daewafe maT sityvebs [10, 1.4].
- ... SearCie maswavlebeli da SeiZine megobari, visTan erTa-
dac (Toras) Seiswavlidi. keTilad moixsenie yoveli adamiani
[10, 1.6].
- ... ipove maswavlebeli da agcdeba saeWvo mdgomareoba
(anu: yvela saeWvo mdgomareobaSi mimarTe maswavlebels). sadac
sizustea saWiro, daicavi da nu iqnebi zedapiruli [10, 1.16].
- ... kargia Toris Seswavla, roca es xdeba sxva praqtikul
saqmianobasTan erTad, vinaidan aseTi ormagi Sroma gangaSorebs
codvebs. Tu Toris Seswavlas ar axlavs samuSao, igi bolos da
bolos Sewydeba da gamoiwvevs raime codvas. yvela, vinc muSaobs
sazogadoebisaTvis, amas unda sCadiodes zeciuri Zalebis saxe-
liT, damoukideblad. ar unda waadges mas winaprebis damsaxure-
ba. am SemTxvevaSi misi Sromis fasi gaizrdeba da umwikvloba da-
ufasdeba [10, 2.2].
- ... nu itrabaxeb ToraSi ganswavlulobiT, vinaidan ami-
saTvis xar gaCenili [10, 2.9].
- ... gaufrTxildi Seni moyvasis qonebasa da fuls, rogorc
sakuTars. moamzade Seni Tavi Toris Sesaswavlad, rameTu is mem-
116 lali guledani
kvidreobiT ar gadmova Senze da mTeli Seni saqmianoba uflis

saxelze warmarTe [2.17]. aq yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sam faq-
torze, romelTa meSveobiTac SeiZleba adamianma sulier srul-
yofas miaRwios:
1. damokidebuleba moyvasis mimarT, 2. damokidebuleba saku-
Tari Tavis mimarT, 3. damokidebuleba gamCenis mimarT... sxvis
sarCos sakuTariviT unda moufrTxilde, gansakuTrebiT im Sem-
TxvevaSi, Tu mas safrTxe emuqreba... icode, rom Tora ar aris
materialuri qoneba, igi memkvidreobiT ar gadadis... uzenaess
surs, rom mas locviT mivmarToT, rameTu locva sulis ganwmen-
dis instrumentia adamianisaTvis) [3].
- ... iyavi punqtualuri da yuradRebiani Toris kiTxvisas
(anu: waikiTxe is Tavis droze), nu iqneba Seni locva danaSau-
lis SegrZnebiT, aramed xvewna da mudara aRavline RmerTisadmi,
rogorc naTqvamia: rameTu Sembrale da gulmowyalea is, mrav-
lismomTmeni da didad mwyalobeli, da cudsac apatiebs. da nu
CaTvli Tavs codvilad [10, 2.18].
- ... Tu ori adamiani zis da maT Soris ar aris sityvebi
Toridan, es masxarebis Sekrebaa. naTqvamia, “qarafSutebis” Sekre-
bas is (RmerTi) ar eswrebao, magram Tu isini saubroben Toraze,
Sexina maT Sorisaa. naTqvamia: roca erTmaneTs RvTismoSiSni esa-
ubrebodnen, Seismina maTi ufalma da daiwera Rirssaxsovari wig-
ni, romelic maT winaSea - RvTismoSiSTaTvis, romelnic pativs
miageben mas (RmerTs) [10, 3.3],
- ... is, vinc Toris uRels idgams, Tavisufldeba amqveyniu-
ri uRlisagan, xolo vinc ar daidgams Toris uRels, moeqceva
amqveyniuri uRlis qveS. (anu: adamiani, romelic did dros uT-
mobs Toris Seswavlasa da mcnebebis Sesrulebas, Tavisufldeba
cxovrebiseuli siZneleebisagan) [10, 3.6].
- ... roca aTi adamiani zis da ToriT aris dakavebuli, maT
Soris Sexinaa (e.i. RmerTi exmareba maT Toris gagebaSi), ro-
gorc ityvian, ufali aris uflis sazogadoebaSi (ebrauli tra-
diciis mixedviT, morwmuneTa sazogadoebad iTvleba minimum aTi
kaci). Tu xuTi Seikriba? naTqvamia: Tavis kavSiri daamyara man
miwasTan. Tu samia? mainc, radgan naTqvamia: msajulTa Soris
qmnis samarTals (rabinTa sasamarTlo 3 kacisagan Sedgeba). Tun-
dac orni iyvnen, vinaidan naTqvamia: rodesac RvTismoSiSebi er-
TmaneTTan saubrobdnen, ufalma Seismina maTi da gaigona [10, 3.7].
- ... nu gamoeyofi sazogadoebas, damcvelis rolSi nu iqne-

bi. nu daamzadeb misgan (Torisgan) gvirgvins, raTa misi meSveo-
biT amaRlde, da nurc niCabs, raTa Txaro igi. Toris gvirgvinis
borotad gamomyenebeli aRigveba miwis pirisagan. yvela, vinc ga-
moiyenebs Toras piradi miznebisaTvis, gaqreba am qveynidan [10,
4.7].
- ... is, vinc pativiscemiT epyroba Toras, dafasebulia xal-
xisagan, xolo is, vinc wabilwavs mas, sayovelTao siZulvils
imsaxurebs [10, 4.8].
- ... vinc asrulebs Toras siRaribeSi, droTa ganmavlobaSi
Seasrulebs mas simdidreSi, da vinc arRvevs Toras simdidreSi,
bolos da bolos daarRvevs mas siRaribeSi 10, [4.11].
- ... Seamcire Seni saqmeebi da dakavebuli iyavi ToriT. mok-
rZalebuli iyavi TiToeulis mimarT (nu CaTvli, rom sxvam Senze
naklebi icis), Tu mowydebi Toris Seswavlas, yovelTvis iarse-
bebs mravalnairi gasamarTlebeli, magram Tu Sen bevrs iSromeb
masze – geqneba uxvi saCuqari [10, 4.12].
- ... gadasaxldi iq, sadac Toras Seiswavlian. Nnu ifiqreb,
rom is TviTon mova SenTan an Seni axloblebi Seasruleben mas
Sens nacvlad. nu daeyrdnobi Sens mosazrebebs [10, 4.18].
- ... gadafurcle Tora isev da isev, vinaidan yvelaferia
masSi. CauRrmavdi mas. daberdi da gaWaRaravdi masTan erTad da
nu ganeSorebi mas, radgan ar arsebobs masze ukeTesi [10, 5.28].
RvTismoSiSebisa da RvTisadmi valdebulebebis Semcveli qa-

dagebani:
- ... gaiTvaliswine sami ram, raTa ar Caidino cudi saqcie-
li: icode, saidan modixar da saiT miemarTebi da vis winaSe mo-
giwevs angariSgeba. saidan moxvedi? myrali wveTidan. saiT mie-
marTebi? iq sadac ferfli, xrwniloba da matlebia. vis winaSe
xar angariSvaldebuli? mefeTa mefis, wmindanis winaSe, kurTxeu-
li iyos misi saxeli [10, 3.1].
- ... iloce uzenaesis keTildReobisTvis, vinaidan Tu ara
SiSi mis winaSe, adamianebi cocxlad STanTqaven erTmaneTs [10,
3.2].
- ... misiT, visiTac xalxi kmayofilia, RmerTic kmayofilia,
xolo visiTac xalxi ukmayofiloa, RmerTic ukmayofiloa [10,
3.13].
118 lali guledani
- ... yvela, vinc wabilwavs RmerTis saxels farulad, Riad

daisjeba. ar ganirCeva, uneblieT Tu winaswar ganzraxviT ibRa-
leba RmerTis saxeli (igulisxmeba, rom marTlmorwmune da is,
vinc Toras Seiswavlis, ufro metad pasuxismgebelia Tavis saq-
cielze RvTis winaSe) [10, 4.5].
- ... erTi mcnebis Semsrulebeli (erTi madlis Camdeni)
iZens TavisTvis erT damcvels, xolo erTi codvis Camdeni iZens
erT bralmdebels (RmerTTan). mobruneba-monanieba da keTili saq-
meebi faria sasjelis winaSe [10, 4.13].
- ... yvela Sekreba, romelic RmerTis saxeliTaa, bolos da
bolos gaZlebs, xolo Sekreba, romelic RmerTis saxeliT ar
aris, ganwirulia [10, 4.14].
- ... dabadebulebi gardaicvlebian, micvalebulebi – mkvdre-
TiT aRsdgebian, xolo cocxlebi samsjavroze warsdgebian. iqneba
uwyeba da gacnobiereba imisa, rom is aris RmerTi, is aris – Se-
moqmedi, is aris Semqmneli, is aris – mWvreteli, is aris msa-
juli, is aris bralmdebeli da igi aris is – vinc gansjis mo-
mavalSi [10, 4.20].
- ... roca Seni mteri ecema, ar gaixaro, Tu is waborZikda,
arc maSin miece sixaruls, RmerTma rom ar dainaxos, imitom,
rom (aseTi saqcieli) ar aris kargi mis TvalSi da misi risxva
gadmova Senze [10, 4.24].
brZenTa da sibrZnesTan dakavSirebuli Segonebani:

- ... me vizrdebodi brZenTa Soris da veraferi aRmovaCine
sxeulisaTvis imaze ukeTesi, vidre dumilia. mTavaria ara swav-
la, aramed moqmedeba. mravalsityvaobas codvamde mivyavarT (am
alegoriis axsnaa: sulisaTvis Toris Seswavla, locvis sityvebi
keTilnayofieria, xolo moqmedeba, mcnebebis Sesruleba - yvela-
ze mniSvnelovani) [10, 1.17].
- ... visi keTili saqmeebic aRemateba mis sibrZnes, sibrZne
myaria, xolo visi sibrZnec aRemateba mis keTil saqmeebs, sib-
rZne ar aris xangrZlivi [10, 3.12].
- ... is, visi ganswavlulobac aRemateba mis keTil saqmeebs,
gavs xes, romelsac bevri toti aqvs da mcire fesvebi. dahberavs
qari, amoTxris mas fesvebianad da miwas daanarcxebs. is iqneba,
rogorc xvia velze, romelic ver dainaxavs momaval sikeTes ga-
momSral, ukacriel da unayofo udabnoSi. xolo visi keTili
saqmeebic aRemateba ganswavlulobas, msgavsia mciretotiani da

mravalricxovani fesvebis mqone xisa. msoflios yvela mxridan
rom dahberon qarebma, Zvras ver uzamen mas. naTqvamia: “is iqneba,
rogorc xe darguli wyalTan, romelsac fesvebi CaSvebuli aqvs
wylis nakadSi. SeumCneveli iqneba misTvis papanaqeba. misi foT-
lebi gamwvandeba. Ggvalvis dros ar SeSindeba is da mudam gamo-
isxams nayofs” [10, 3.22].
- ... Svidi ram axasiaTebs sulels da amdenive – brZens.
brZeni gaurbis saubars im pirTan, romelic sibrZniT aRemateba
an asakiT ufrosia. sityvas ar awyvetinebs moubars, ar Cqarobs
pasuxis gacemas. droulad svams kiTxvas da arsebiTad pasuxobs.
pirvel rigSi pirvel kiTxvas pasuxobs da bolos _ bolo kiT-
xvas: Tu ver gaigebs raimes, ityvis: “ver gavige”. aRiarebs simar-
Tles. sulelis maxasiaTeblebi amis sapirispiroa [10, 4.9].
-
samarTalsa da samarTlianobasTan dakavSirebuli gamonaTqva-
mebi:
- ... nu gamoxval damcvelis rolSi, roca sasamarTlo mim-
dinareobs. orive mxare CaTvale damnaSaved, sanam ganaCens gamoi-
tanen. Ddae, Sens TvalSi gamarTldes is, vinc daemorCileba sa-
samarTlos gadawyvetilebas [10, 1.8].
- ... zedmiwevniT dakiTxe mowmeebi da iyavi frTxili Sens
sityvebSi, raTa maT (sityvebma) ar ganapirobon maTi (mowmeebisa
an mxaris) tyuili [10, 1.9].
- ... sam safuZvelze dgas samyaro: WeSmaritebaze, marTlmsa-
julebasa da mSvidobaze… [10, 1.18].
- ... is, vinc gaurbis sasamarTlomde saqmis miyvanas, Sors
aris mtrobisagan, yaCaRobisa da crumowmeobisgan, xolo is,
vinc gaurbis mosamarTled yofnas, sulelia, upatiosno da amayi
[10, 4.9].
- ... nu gansji erTpirovnulad, vinaidan erTpirovnulad
mxolod erTi (RmerTi) gansjis. Nnu etyvi danarCen mosamarTle-
ebs: “miiReT Cemi mosazreba”, vinaidan amis ufleba aqvT maT da
ara Sen” (igulisxmeba, rom sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba miiReba
xmaTa umravlesobiT) [10, 4.10].
Aadamianis pasuxismgeblobisa da samagieros mizRvis Tema:

120 lali guledani
- ... iyavi gulmodgine Toris Seswavlisas. SesZeli mkvaxed

upasuxo urwmunos. gaxsovdes, vis winaSe xar valdebuli, vin
aris Seni damsaqmebeli, romelic aanazRaurebs Sens Sromas (igu-
lisxmeba RvTaebrivi wyaloba) [10, 2.19].
- ... Sen ar xar valdebuli, daasrulo mTeli samuSao, mag-
ram arc Tavisufali xar uaris gancxadebaze. rac mets iswavli
Toridan, meti mogezRveba. saimedoa Seni damsaqmebeli (darwmune-
buli iyavi), rom gadaixdis Seni SromisaTvis. icode, marTlmor-
wmunes miezRveba momavalSi (im samyaroSi) [10, 2.21].
- ... yvelaferi winaswar aris gansazRvruli (sityvasityviT:
nawinaswarmetyvelebia), magram arsebobs arCevanis Tavisufleba,
(igulisxmeba, rom marTalia, RmerTisTvis yvelaferi winaswar
aris cnobili, magram adamians eZleva borotebasa da sikeTes So-
ris arCevanis Tavisufleba), samyaro ganisjeba sikeTiT (anu: yve-
laferi ganisazRvreba keTili saqmeebis simravliT da ara calke
aRebuli erTi romelime saqcielis mniSvnelovnebiT) [10, 3.19].
- ... yvelaferi gaicema pasuxismgeblobiT. bade gadaSvebulia
yvela cocxal arsebaze. farduli gaxsnilia da mflobeli (igu-
lisxmeba RmerTi) mas debs valSi. valebis wigni gaxsnilia da
xeli wers. yvelas, visac sesxis aReba unda, dae aiRos. Tanxis
amkrebni mudmivad, yoveldRiurad Camoivlian da miaqvT vali ne-
barTviT an unebarTvod; da maT aqvT amis safuZveli (alegoriis
moralia: marTalia, adamiani Tavisufalia, icxovros Taviseburad,
magram yvelafrisaTvis pasuxi unda agos. yovelTvis ver acnobie-
rebs, risTvis atydeba Tavs esa Tu is ubedureba, radgan “bades”
veravin gaeqceva) [10, 3.20].
Mmegobrobis TemasTan dakavSirebuli Segonebani:
- ... amoirCie maswavlebeli da SeiZine megobari da gansaje

yoveli keTilad [10, 1.6].
- ... moeride cud mezobels, ar imegobro codvilTan da nu
idardeb gaWirvebis gamo (igulisxmeba, roca xedav warmatebul
codvils) [10, 1.7].
- ... iyaviT frTxilni xelisuflebaSi myofebTan urTierTo-
bisas. isini megobrebad gaCveneben Tavs, roca maT es sWirdebaT
da gverdiT ar udganan adamians, roca mas esaWiroeba [10, 2.3].
Bbolo Segoneba Tematurad ukavSirdeba Semdegs:
- ... giyvardes Sroma, gZuldes Zalaufleba, da nu ecdebi,

imegobro Zalauflebis mqonesTan [10, 1.10].
swavlis mniSvnelobis Semcveli qadagebani:

- ... is, vinc miiltvis saxelis gandidebisaken, Tavis saxel-
sac kargavs. visac ar surs codnis momateba, kargavs imasac, rac
gaaCnia. visac swavla ar surs an codnis sxvisTvis gadacema,
sikvdilis Rirsia [10, 1.13].
- ... is, vinc swavlobs (Toras) imisaTvis, rom sxvas aswav-
los, eZleva swavlisa da swavlebis saSualeba, xolo is, vinc
swavlobs Toras mcnebebis Sesrulebis mizniT, eZleva saSualeba
iswavlos, aswavlos da daicvas (mcnebebi) [10, 4.6].
- ... iyavi frTxili swavlebisas, radgan gauazrebeli Sec-
domac ki winaswar ganzraxulis tolfasia [10, 4.16].
- ... is, vinc swavlobs bavSvobaSi, msgavsia sufTa furcli-
sa, romelzec weren melniT. xolo is, vinc swavlobs sibereSi,
msgavsia furclisa, romelzec uwindeli naweri waSlilia da
Tavidan aris dasaweri yvelaferi [10, 4.25].
- ... is, vinc axalgazrdasTan swavlobs, emsgavseba imas, vinc
Wams mkvaxe yurZens da svams dauduRebel Rvinos, xolo is, vinc
moxuc xalxTan swavlobs, emsgavseba imas, vinc mwife yurZens
Wams da Zvel Rvinos svams [10, 4.26].
rogori unda iyos mowafe:
- arsebobs moswavlis oTxi tipi: male iTvisebs da maleve
kargavs – Rirseba dafarulia nakliT. Znelad iTvisebs da did-
xans ar iviwyebs – nakli dafarulia RirsebiT. male iTvisebs da
didxans ar iviwyebs – es saukeTeso xvedria. Znelad iTvisebs da
maleve iviwyebs – es yvelaze mZime xvedria [10, 5.16].
- ... arsebobs oTxi tipi, romelic warsdgeba RmerTis wina-
Se: Rrubeli, Zabri, sawyuri da saceri. Rrubeli aris is, vinc
iwovs (anu iTvisebs) yvelafers. Zabri aris is, vinc iRebs erTi
mxridan da uSvebs meoridan (anu is, vinc iTvisebs da male iviw-
yebs), sawuri is aris, romelic uSvebs Rvinos da ikavebs naleqs
(is, vinc analitikosia anu arCevs kargsa da cuds). saceri is
aris, vinc atarebs fqvilis mtversa da tovebs fqvils (anu
praqtikosi, romelic kargs itovebs da cuds yris) [10, 5.19].
Aadamianis xasiaTisa da Tvisebebis gamomxatveli Segonebani:

122 lali guledani
- ... aris oTxi saxeoba adamianisa. is, vinc acxadebs: “Cemi

Cemia da Seni – Seni” – es saSualo tipia (anu axasiaTebs umrav-
lesobas). is, vinc ambobs: “Cemi –Senia da Seni – Cemi” – umeca-
ria; “Cemi Senia da Senic Senia”- keTilsindisieria. Dda vinc am-
bobs: “Cemi Cemia da Senic Cemia” – borotmoqmedia [5. 14].
- ... aris oTxi saxeoba temperamentisa: ficxi, magram si-
ficxe male gadauvlis – nakli RirsebiTaa dafaruli; brazobs
iSviaTad, magram Znelad gadauvlis – Rirseba dafarulia nak-
liT; brazobs iSviaTad da swrafad gadauvlis – RvTismosavia;
ficxia da Znelad gadauvlis sificxe – borotmoqmedi [5. 15].
- ... aris oTxi tipi qvelmoqmedisa: is, vinc gascems, magram
ar surs, rom sxvamac gasces – Suriani; upiratesobas aniWebs,
sxvam gasces da ara man – Zunwi; TviTonac gascems da sxvasac
waaqezebs – keTilsindisieri; arc TviTon gascems da ar surs,
rom sxvam gasces – borotmoqmedi [5. 17].
sxvadasxva sibrZnis Semcveli qadagebani:
- ... ar ugulebelyo aravin da uyuradRebod nu datoveb nu-
rafers, radgan yovel adamians aqvs Tavisi dro da yvela sagans
aqvs Tavisi adgili [4. 3].
- ... avi Tvali, ukeTuri ganzraxva da xalxis siZulvili
uswrafebs adamians sicocxles [10, 2.16] ... Suri, vneba da ampar-
tavneba uswrafebs adamians sicocxles. [10, 4.3]
- ... Cveni samyaro hgavs momavali samyaros winkars. moemzade
winkarSi da daimsaxure Sig Sesvla [10, 4.21].
- ... siyvaruli, romelic ganpirobebulia raimeTi, Camo-
scildeba Tu ara piroba, gaivlis. xolo siyvaruli, romelic
arafriTaa ganpirobebuli, maradiulia…[10, 5.20]
SevniSnavT, rom “mamaTa Segonebani” saintereso Sede-
gebs iZleva paramiologiuri kvlevebis dros, radganac qadageba-
Ta krebuli mravali cnobili ebrauli andazis wyaro aRmoCnda.
Cvens mier andazebisa da Segonebebis teqstebis Sepirispirebam
gamoavlina, rom “mamaTa Segonebanis” ama Tu im muxlSi vrclad
gadmocemuli qadageba andazebSi mokled, sxartad da kompaqtu-
rad TiTqmis ucvleli SinaarsiT gadmoicema [2,70].
ra xasiaTis andazebi iReben saTaves `mamaTa Segonebi-
dan’’? amis dasadgenad maT warmovadgenT wyarodan Sesabamis ci-
tatebTan erTad: `mamaTa Segonebanis’’ erT-erT mniSvnelovan pos-
tulatad iTvleba brZeni hilelis fraza, romelic andazis sa-
xiT aris gavrcelebuli: “...‫[ ”אם אין אני לי מי לי‬8, gv.3]. andaza qar-
Tulad Semdegnairad iTargmneba: `Tu ara me CemTvis, vin Cem-
Tvis’’... igi imdenad popularulia, rom xSirad sauniversiteto
an sxva saswavlo saxelmZRvaneloebSic vxvdebiT. am frazis sib-
rZnes rom CavwvdeT aucileblad unda ganvixiloT igi Sesabamis
konteqstSi (9, gv.150,14):
- ... `Tu me ara CemTvis, maS vin CemTvis’’? da Tu me mxo-
lod CemTvis, maSin vin var me? da Tu ara axla, maSin rodis? am
paragrafSi laparakia imaze, rom moyvasi moyvasisTvis unda iR-
vwodes mudam (alegoria Semdegnairad aixsneba: Tu me ar vizru-
neb sakuTari Tavis srulyofilebisaTvis, sxva aravin izams amas
Cems nacvlad. da Tu me dakavebuli var mxolod sakuTari TaviT,
rad vRirvar?)
A andaza: „ ‫„ים אין קמח אין תורה‬
Targmani: `Tu ar aris fqvili, ar aris Tora’’
nawyveti Sesabamisi paragrafidan (9, gv.158 & 21): `...Tu ar
aris codna, ar aris gageba, Tu ar aris gageba, ar aris codna,
Tu aris fqvili (anu kveba), aris swavla da Tu ar aris swavla,
ar aris fqvili’’ (adamiani, romelic mSieria, ar aris ganwyobi-
li swavlisaTvis da aseve, Tu materialurad uzrunvelyofili
adamiani ar miecema Toris Seswavlas, misi cxovreba azrs mokle-
bulia).
A andaza: ‫איזה עשיר? השמח בחלקו‬
Targmani: `vin aris mdidari? is, vinc moxarulia Tavisi wi-
liT.’’
Sesabamisi nawyveti wyarodan (9, gv. 159 &1): “...vin aris
mdidari? is vinc moxarulia Tavisi wiliT. rogorc ityvian, Tu
ikvebebi Seni xelis SromiT, bednieri xar Sen da sikeTe geqne-
ba...’’
Aandaza: ‫אל תסתכל בקנקן א לא במה שיש בו‬
Targmani: `nu ucqeri doqs aramed imas ucqire, rac masSia.
Sesabamisi pasaJi wyarodan (9, gv.162 &27): ùcqire ara doqs,
aramed imas, rac masSia. xdeba, rom axali doqi Sevsebulia Zve-
liT (RviniT), xolo ZvelSi axalic ki ar aris.’’
andaza: ‫לא הביישן למד ולא הקפדן מלמד‬
Targmani: `morcxvi ver iswavlis da pedanti ver aswavlis.’’
nawyveti Sesabamisi paragrafidan (9, gv.152, &6): ùswavlels ar
eSinia codvis, umecari aris RvTis mosavi, morcxvi ver iswav-
124 lali guledani
lis da zedmetad mkacri ver aswavlis da is, vinc zedmetad da-

kavebulia saqmeebiT, ver gaxdeba ufro Wkviani...’’
andaza: ‫היה זנב לאריות ואל תהיה ראש לשועלים‬
Targmani: ìyavi kudi lomebisa da nu iqnebi Tavi meliebi-
sa’’.
paragrafi `mamaTa swavlanidan’’ (9, gv. 161, &20): `pirveli
miesalme yvela adamians. ukeTesia iyo kudi (anu bolo) lomeb-
Tan da ara Tavi meliebTan’’(alegoriis azri is aris, rom jobs
iyo ukanaskneli Rirseul adamianebs Soris, romelTagan sibrZni-
sa da simarTlis miReba SeiZleba, vidre pirveli uRirsTa So-
ris).
andaza: ‫אל תדין את חברך עד שתגיע למקמו‬
sityva-sityviT ase iTargmneba: `nu gansji Sens amxanags,
vidre ar mixval mis adgilamde.’’
Nnawyveti Sesabamisi paragrafidan (9, gv.152 &5): `nu gan-
calkevdebi sazogadoebisgan, nu endobi Sens Tavs sikvdilamde,
nu gansji Sens amxanags, vidre mis adgilas ar aRmoCndebi da nu
ityvi iseT rames, romlis mosmena sxvebisTvis ar SeiZleba, rad-
gan bolos da bolos yvelaferi mosmenili iqneba. Dda nu ityvi,
roca meqneba dro, maSin viswavli. SeiZleba dro aRar iyos’’ (mo-
ralia: nu iqnebi zedmetad TviTdarwmunebuli da nu gaandob me-
gobars saidumlos im imediT, rom sxva veravin gaigebs. is auci-
leblad gaxmaurdeba).
andaza: ‫אמור מעט ועשה הרבה‬
Targmani: `Tqvi cota da gaakeTe bevri’’.
paragrafi wyarodan (9, gv.150 &15): `gaxade Seni swavla
(saqmianoba) mudmivi (ZiriTadi). ilaparake cota da gaakeTe bev-
ri. miiRe yvela adamiani gulTbilad.’’
andaza: ‫היום קצר והמלאכה מרובה‬
Targmani: `dRe moklea da saqme mravali’’
Sesabamisi paragrafi (9, gv. 154, &20): `dRe moklea da saq-
me bevri. arabejiT momuSaveebs, radgan gadasaxadi maRalia, pat-
roni aCqarebs’’
andaza: ‫[ חכמים היזהרו בדבריכם‬7 ].
Targmani: `brZenno, gafrTxildiT Tqvens sityvebSi’’. Sesaba-
misi paragrafi (9, gv.150,&11) `brZenno, gafrTxildiT Tqvens
sityvebSi, raTa ar daimsaxuroT (sasjeli) gadasaxleba da ar
iyoT gandevnilebi adgilebSi, sadac cudi wyalia da daleven
Tqvens Semdgomi mowafeebi mas da mokvdebian...’’ (alegoriis azri
isaa, rom brZeni xalxi unda moeridos iseT qadagebas, romelic

arasworad SeiZleba iqnas gagebuli. maSin maTi mowafeebi aras-
wor gzas daadgebian da es RmerTis saxels SebRalavs).
andaza:‫שתיקה‬- ‫סיג לחוכמה‬
Targmani: `zRude sibrZnisa _ siCumea’’.
Sesabamisi paragrafi (9, gv.157, &17): `sicili da Tavqaria-
noba aCvevs xalxs garyvnilebas. Ggadmocema (zepiri) zRudea To-
ris, aRTqma zRudea TavSekavebis, zRude sibrZnisa _ siCumea’’.
andaza: ‫מרבה נכסים מרבה דאגה‬
Targmani: `meti qoneba _ meti sazrunavi’’.
Sesabamisi paragrafi (9, gv.152,&8): `meti xorci-meti lpo-
ba, meti qoneba _ meti sazrunavi, meti qali _ meti grZneuleba,
meti monaqali _ meti garyvnileba, meti mona _ meti taceba, me-
ti swavla _ meti cxovreba...’’ da ase Semdeg.
amrigad, “mamaTa Segonebani” Tematurad mravalferovani da
ideuri TvalsazrisiT saintereso krebulia. simravliT da paTe-
tikiT gamoirCeva TorasTan da mis swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli
gamonaTqvamebi, sadac aRiarebulia Toris upiratesoba, misi swav-
lis aucilebloba sibrZnis dauflebisa da codvebis acilebis
mizniT, rac aaxloebs adamianebs RmerTTan. gansazRvrulia Toris
swavlis pirobebi. xazgasmulia is, rom RvTismoSiSebis grZnobiT
Toris daufleba ganaridebs adamians yvela ubedurebisagan, vinai-
dan RmerTi samarTliania, yvelafers xedavs, yvelafers Seafasebs
da yvelas Tavisi miezRveba. is, vinc did yuradRebas uTmobs To-
ris Seswavlasa da mcnebebis Sesrulebas, Tavisufldeba cxovre-
biseuli siZneleebisagan da mas Sroma sikeTiT aunazRaurdeba.
Toris swavlebis Temas mWidrod ukavSirdeba brZenTa mimarT
gamoTqmuli Segonebani, romelTa ZiriTadi mizania, Seaxsenos
brZenebs, raoden didi misia akisriaT maT. rogori frTxilebi
unda iyvnen isini qadagebisas, raTa maTi sityvebi arasworad ar
iqnas gagebuli. axsna imisa, Tu ra aris namdvili sibrZne, Sego-
nebebSi zogjer alegoriuli formiT gadmoicema.
Toris swavlebis Temas xSirad Tan sdevs samarTalsa da sa-
marTlianobasTan dakavSirebuli gamonaTqvamebi. ZiriTadi azri is
aris, rom samyaro sam safuZvelze dgas: WeSmaritebaze, mar-
Tlmsajulebasa da mSvidobaze. zogjer qadagebaSi miTiTebulia,
Tu rogor unda moiqce sasamarTloze, rogor unda daikiTxos
mowmeebi da a.S. rac mTavaria, ar unda gansajo erTpirovnulad,
vinaidan amis ufleba aqvs mxolod erTs (RmerTs).
126 lali guledani
Toris swavlas ukavSirdeba megobrobis Tema. swavlis dros

didi mniSvneloba aqvs, vis SearCev megobrad. qadageba gveubneba,
rom unda moerido cud mezobels, xelisuflebaSi myofsa da ar
unda imegobro codvilTan. aseve, ar unda gansajo megobari, vid-
re sakuTar Tavs mis adgilze ar daayeneb.
zogadad swavlis mniSvnelobasa da mowafis tipebs eZRvneba
ramdenime Segoneba. mxatvrulad aris gadmocemuli mosazreba
imis Sesaxeb, rom swavla axalgazrdobaSi sjobia da ara sibere-
Si, rom axalgazrda maswavlebelze ukeTesad _ gamocdili, xan-
dazmuli aswavlis, Tumca iqve amis sapirispiro mosazrebaa ga-
moTqmuli, romlis mixedviTac, mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, rogor
gamoiyureba maswavlebeli, aramed imas, Tu ra aqvs mas TavSi.
“SegonebanSi” alegoriulad aris daxasiaTebuli mowafis 4 tipi.
aseve, adamianis 4 tipic – xasiaTis, temperamentisa da qvelmoq-
medebis gacemis sxvadasxvanairi unariT. saintereso da sasargeb-
lo rCevebia mocemuli yvela sxva brZnul qadagebaSi.
“mamaTa Segonebanis” Tematuri mravalferovneba erTi ideiT
aris ganmsWvaluli: adamianebma unda Seisminon brZen mamaTa qada-
gebani TavianTi zneobriv-moraluri da eTikuri normebis dasaxve-
wad da sulieri srulyofis misaRwevad.
literatura:
1. guledani l., ebrauli enis ganviTarebis meore periodi _ miS-

nis ebrauli, ~sazrisi”, 2005 w.
2. guledani l., “ebrauli andazebis erT-erTi wyaros – `mamaTa
swavlanis~ Sesaxeb, perspeqtiva XXI, saq. mecn. aka-
demia, Tbilisi, 2005
3. z. SafToSvili, ebrauli sibrZne – mamaTa Segonebani, Jurnali
ebrauli samyaro, #10
4. k.wereTeli, bibliis ebrauli (gramatika, qrestomaTia, leqsi-
koni), Tsu, 2001 w.
5. Еврейская энциклопедиа, т 11, с-Петербург
6. Краткая Еврейская энциклопедиа, Иерушалим, Евр. ин-Т,
1992 г
7. 1999 ,‫ אליהו לארור נדפס בישראל‬,‫ גיאזרהר‬,‫אמרות התנייך היפות‬.
8. 1989 ‫ רנה רפאסי‬,‫ ללמוד עברית ברמה ג מאיירה רום‬.
9. 1996 ‫שומרי אמונה‬,‫רוסי אמונה‬-‫סידור עברי‬
10. ‫ תשנייה‬,‫ הוצאת ישיבה תשביר ברוקלין‬,"‫"פרק' אבות‬
rusudan mircxulava
simbolos „namdviloba“
art-sesiaze (art-Terapiasa
da fsiqologiur
art-TreiningSi)
xelovnebis simboluri enis aRmoce-

nebas magiasTan akavSireben. gavrcelebu-
li SexedulebiT, niRabi, rogorc samo-
nadireo magiis atributi, bunebis mibaZ-
vis, bunebaTan gaigivebis swrafvas ukav-
Sirdeba; irgebda ra nadiris niRabs, mo-
nadire Tavis msxverpls da, globalu-
rad, bunebas erwymoda. am mistikur iden-
tifikacias, sxva miznebTan erTad, sru-
liad pragmatuli safuZveli hqonda da
msxverplis sisxlis uflebis mopovebas,
sisxlis „gamoTxovas“ iTvaliswinebda.
magram niRabi ara mxolod bunebis
mibaZvis, aramed aseve, misgan gancalkeve-
bis, misi dauflebis da, Sesabamisad, ara-
bunebrivis, xelovnuris gamoxatuleba-
dac iqca. xelovnebismieri realoba bu-
nebrivi realobis antagonistad Camoya-
libda. es antagonizmi, tradiciulad,
realurisa da fsevdo-realuris (magiu-
ris an warmosaxulis) dapirispirebad
aRiqmeba, xolo niRabi da, zogadad, sim-
bolo _ rogorc obieqturi realobis
vualirebis, SeniRbvisa da iluziebiT
TamaSis instrumenti.
“realobis vualirebis“ calsaxa
128 rusudan mircxulava
midgomas safuZveli ecleba, Tuki gaTvaliswinebiT, rom niRabsa

da simbolos polisemantika, Sinaarsobrivi siRrme axasiaTebs da
rom pirvelyofili ritualebic ara erTmniSvnelovani, aramed
multirakursulia. simbolosa da ritualis polifunqciuroba,
maT mier religiuri, ideologiuri, socialuri, fsiqologiuri
Tu samedicino funqciebis gamTlianeba fsevdo-realobis ideas
eWvis qveS ayenebs da mas „niRbis upiratesobis“ ideiT anac-
vlebs; „namdviloba“ (auTenturoba) ara realur (Cveul da yo-
veldRiur) obieqtTa Soris vlindeba, aramed mxolod xelovne-
bisa da simboloTa „i-realobaSi“.
e.w. fsiqologiuri art-teqnikebis (art-Terapiis, art-rei-
ningis) fenomeni simbolos auTenturobis („namdvilobis“) sakiTs
axal mniSvnelobas aniWebs. fsiqologiuri art-teqnika simbolo-
sa da zogadad, xelovnebis funqciebs praqtikuli da kerZod,
fsiqo-koreqciuli miznebisTvis gamoiyenebs. Sesabamisad, fsiqoTe-
rapiis es mimdinareoba simbolos „namdvilobaze“ dakvirvebisa da
misi Seswavlis unikalur SesaZleblobas iZleva. gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa, am mxriv, art-sesiis (art-Terapiis, art-Treiningis)
farglebSi mimdinare komunikaciis sakiTxi; art-sesia mxatvruli
niSnebiT komunikaciaa da misi Terapiuli efeqti bevradaa damo-
kidebuli mis procesSi „gamdinare“ komunikaciuri arxebisa da
damyarebuli socialuri kavSirebis auTenturobaze. j. morenom
Tavis meTods, Tanamedrove art-Terapiuli arsenalis erT-erT
umniSvnelovanes monapovars, „fsiqodramas“ (an „Seqspiriseul
fsiqiatrias“) Sexvedra uwoda da amiT meTodis swored socia-
lur funqcias gausva xazi. fsiqodramis e.w. triadul sistemaSi
(sociometria, fsiqodrama, jgufuri Terapia) gamorCeuli mniS-
vneloba eniWeba Terapiuli jgufis socialuri kavSirebis gamov-
lenas, maT Seswavlas da marTvas (an maTze kontrols) rogorc
diagnostikuri, aseve Terapiuli TvalsazrisiTac. fsiqodrama,
rogorc Sexvedra, adamianebs Soris „namdvili komunikaciis“ are-
naa, sadac simbolo da niRabi ara SeniRbvas, aramed Sinaganisa da
farulis gareT gamotanas, obieqtur realobaze proecirebasa da
mis gaziarebas (ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom fsiqodramis finalur
etaps „gaziareba“ shering ewodeba) emsaxureba. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom fsiqodrama (da sazogadod, art-Terapia) xelovnebis socia-
luri funqciis erTgvari hiperbolaa.
ra ganixileba mxatvrul niSnad an simbolod art-sesiis
manZilze? _ praqtikulad, yvelaferi. kerZod, 1. warmodgenili
simbolos `namdviloba~ art-sesiaze~... 129
sivrce; is, Tu sad viTardeba mxatvruli moqmedeba da sad iqmne-

ba mxatvruli produqti (oTaxi, darbazi, ezo, baRi, quCa), 2.
monawileni (kerZo participanti, mTlianad jgufi, fsiqoTerapev-
ti, Treineri), 3. qmedeba _ ras saxis, rogor aqtivobas (zoga-
dad) da mxatvrul aqtivobas (konkretulad) aqvs adgili, 4.
urTierTqmedeba _ ra saxis socialuri mimarTebebi vlindeba
jgufis wevrebsa da fsiqoTerapevts (Treiners) Soris.
art-sesiis procesSi simboluri teqstis saxiT gaigeba ara
mxolod mxatvruli produqti (naxati, instalacia, dramatuli
kompozicia da sxv.), aramed, aseve, mxatvruli aqtivoba (xatvis
procesi, instalaciis damzadebis procesi, dramatuli moqmedeba
da sxv.), sazogadod aqtivobis nebismieri forma (rogor moZrao-
ben da urTierTqmedeben jgufis wevrebi sesiis procesSi, mxat-
vruli aqtivobisgan damoukideblad) da mTliani art-sesiac.
(rogor mimdinareobs sesia da ra specifika gamoarCevs mas). maga-
liTad, semionia ara mxolod naxati, aramed xatvis procesi,
participantis mTliani moqmedeba da xatviTi-sesia. aseve, semio-
nia ara mxolod Sesrulebuli roli, aramed aseve, misi Sesru-
lebis forma, participantis moqmedeba sesiis ganmavlobaSi da
mTliani drama-sesiac.
magaliTi: jgufisa da art-sesiisadmi sakuTari damokidebu-
lebis gamosaxatad participanti skamebisgan „kedels“ aRmarTavs,
iatakze jdeba „kedlis“ miRma da Tavs muxlebSi Cargavs. niSnis
funqcias iZens ara mxolod participantis poza Tu „kedeli“,
aramed mTlianad sesiis sivrcec da jgufis wevrebisa da fsiqo-
Terapevtis (Treineris) ukukavSiric. mxatvrul simbolos qmnis
jgufis urTierTqmedeba, romelSic ganmsazRvrel funqcias par-
ticipantis poza da „kedeli“ asrulebs; es erTgvari „CamrTavi
meqanizmebia“, stimulatorebi, romlebsac moqmedebaSi mohyavT
jgufi da sesia.
fsiqologiuri art-teqnika mxatvruli niSnebiT manipulire-
bas da ufro konkretulad, simboloebiT komunikacias efuZneba;
aq igulisxmeba TviTkomunikacia, aseve, jgufis wevrebTan, fsiqo-
TerapevtTan da zogadad, garemosTan komunikacia. art-sesiis mo-
nawile „pirdapir“ ar amxels saTqmels (sakuTar gancdas, Sexe-
dulebas, damokidebulebas) da mas simbolos saxiT warmoadgens.
verbalizebas art-sesiis bolo safexurebze mimarTaven; mas
Semdeg, rac ukve Seiqmneba mxatvruli produqti da ganxorciel-
deba mxatvruli qmedeba. verbalizeba SemoqmedebiTi procesisa da
misi „produqtis“ obieqtivirebas, saxeldebasa da kategorizebas

axdens. verbalizeba da, masTan dakavSirebuli, interpretacia ko-
munikaciisa da TviTkomunikaciis procesebSia CarTuli. simbolo-
saTvis mniSvnelobis miniWebas, participanti jgufsa da sakuTar
TavTan aqtiuri da zogjer mtkivneuli komunikaciis safuZvelze
axdens.
art-sesiaze ganxorcielebuli simbolizebis 4 magaliTi:
magaliTi 1: zerka morenos cnobil fsiqodramatul sesiaze
participanti (protagonisti-mTavari moqmedi piri) sakuTari bav-
Svobisadmi damokidebulebas Teatralizebuli scenis saSualebiT
gaiTamaSebs (spontanurad, Tavisufali improvizebiT); „patara-me“
da „didi-me“ avtomanqanaSi sxedan da davoben, Tu romeli maTga-
ni miujdeba saWes da romeli ivaldebulebs manqanis wayvanas.
scena avtomanqanaSi simboloa, romelic participantis sakuTari
bavSvobisadmi an bavSvis rolisadmi damokidebulebas niRbavs da
imavdroulad, asaxavs. ufro metic, scena manqanaSi asaxavs (da
niRbavs) sazogadod, aqtualur me-koncepcias, misi samomavlo
cvlilebisa Tu participantis pirovnuli zrdis perspeqtivasac.
vin daikavebs adgils saWesTan („didi“ Tu „patara“ me), rogor
moxdeba maT Soris SeTanxmeba, ra saxis reagirebas moaxdens par-
ticipanti ukve Sesrulebuli scenis mimarT - es yovelive semi-
onia, romlis „amokiTxvis“ procesSi monawileobas participan-
tTan erTad mTeli jgufi da fsiqoTrapevtic (rogorc jgufis
wevri) iReben. simbolos wakiTxvisas jgufi da fsiqoTerapevti
SesaZloa „Setevazec“ gadavidnen (morenos perifrazirebiT, du-
elSi gamoiwvion participanti), raTa man gulaxdilad (upirve-
les yovlisa, sakuTar TavTan gulaxdilad) SeZlos simbolos
devualizieba da amiT Terapiuli efeqtis miReba.
magaliTi 2: sociometruli savarjiSos monawileni maTi ne-
ba-surviliT sxvadasxva cxovelebs gaiTamaSeben. arCeuli roli
(cxovelis gaTamaSeba) simboloa, romelic sesiis monawileTa
socialur rolebsa da socialur mimarTebebs erTdroulad niR-
bavs da asaxavs. magaliTad, lomis, kurdRlis, bus, TuTiyuSis,
Tagvis da a.S. rolebi mniSvnelovan fsiqo-socialur informaci-
as atareben. simboloTa interpretaciis etapze art-sesiis mona-
wileni msjeloben, Tu konkretulad ras SeiZleba gulisxmobdes
maT mier SerCeuli roli da misi Sesrulebis manera. magaliTad:
ratom airCia participantma lomis roli, ratom cdilobda se-
siis sivrceSi centraluri adgilis dakavebas, ratom mimarTavda
mxolod mglis rolis Semsrulebels da ratom cdilobda

jgufze zemoqmedebas mglis rolis Semsruleblis daxmarebiT?
magaliTi 3: participanti TviTprezentacias axdens SerCeu-
li an mis mier Seqmnili musikaluri kompoziciis (erTi notis,
ramdenime notis an SedarebiT rTuli musikaluri Canaxatis) sa-
SualebiT. musikaluri kompozicia pirovnebis simboluri gamoxa-
tulebaa; is erTdroulad pirovnebis (da ara mxolod misi aq-
tualuri emociuri fonis) gamxelaa da, amave dros, Tavis ari-
deba pirdapiri gamxelisgan. mniSvnelobas iZens is, Tu TviTpre-
zentaciisas romeli musikaluri instrumenti SeirCa, ra melo-
dia Sesrulda da ra ritmsa Tu tempSi.
magaliTi 4: saxviTi art-sesiis monawileni Tavisufali ar-
CevaniT, ferebisa da formebis manipulirebiT antagonistur kom-
poziciebs („dRe“ da“ Rame“) qmnian. saxviTi kompoziciebi („dRe“
da „Rame“) simboloebia, romlebiTac participantTa damokidebu-
leba (maTi ganwyobebi, gancdebi, Sexedulebebi) TiTqmis nebismie-
ri antagonisturi wyvilebis (sicocxle-sikvdili, sikeTe-boro-
teba, silamaze-simaxinje da sxv.) mimarT gamoixateba da, amave
dros, iniRbeba.
konkretulad ras unda gulisxmobdes fsiqologiur art-
teqnikebSi simbolos auTenturoba? mis gancdasTan (da saerTod,
fsiqikur SinaaarsebTan) mimarTeba-kavSirs Tu mis eqspresiul,
socialur, kognitur da Terapiul potencials? albaT, yvela-
fers erTad.
simbolos zemoqmedebaSi (anu mis auTenturobaSi) ganmsaz-
Rvrel rols simbolos mier SeniRbva-asaxvis antagonisturi
wyvilis gamTlianeba (erTgvari „asaxva- SeniRbviT“) unda asru-
lebdes. simbolo-paradoqsi sxva Sinaarsebsac dialeqtikurad am-
Tlianebs. m.anderson-uoreni da r. greinjeri (drama-TerapiaSi
momuSave avtorebi) niRbisa da dramis paradoqsze msjelobisas
maT struqturaSi iseT winaaRmdegobebs asaxeleben, rogorebicaa
TviTasaxvisa da „SeumCnevlad darCenis“, individualobisa da ma-
saSi aRrevis, mZafri gancdebisa da usafrTxoebis, axali gamoc-
dilebis miRebisa da siaxlisgan ganridebis moTxovnilebebi. es
CamonaTvali simbolos, rogorc „ganzogadebul niRabsac“, unda
mieweros. niRbis-simbolos maintegrirebeli, gamamTlianebeli po-
tenciali fsiqologiur art-teqnikebSi Terapiuli zemoqmedebis
saxiT vlindeba.
simbolo-paradoqsi ara mxolod dualuria, aramed polise-
manturic; mniSvnelobaTa garkveuli fiqsirebuli CamonaTvalis

miuxedavad (romelic TvalsaCinod aris xolme warmodgenili
simboloTa leqsikonebSi), simbolos maxasiaTebelia Sinaarsobri-
vi siRrme da dialeqtikuri mTlianoba. ase magaliTad, cecxlis
simboloSi gamTlianebulia dapirispirebuli wyvilebi: sicoc-
xle-sikvdili, Seneba- ngreva, siyvaruli- mrisxaneba, ucodvelo-
ba- codva, siwminde-vneba. antagonistebis am CamonaTvalis gagrZe-
leba „TiTqmis usasrulodaa“ SesaZlebeli. fsiqologiuri art-
teqnika (art-Terapia, art-Treiningi) cdilobs gamoiyenos simbo-
los dialeqtika Sinagani Tu garegani konfliqtebis gadawyveti-
sa da winaaRmdegobriv, konfliqtur fsiqikur Sinaarsebze (ro-
goricaa dapirispirebuli gancdebi, azrebi, ambivalenturi emoci-
ebi, e.w. kognituri disonansi) muSaobis procesSi.
simbolos mravalmniSvnelovneba integraciulsa (socialuri
mTlianobis) da TviT-integraciul (fsiqologiuri mTlianobis)
procesebs aRZravs, xels uwyobs fsiqologiuri Tu socialuri
Sinaarsebisadmi multirakursuli (relativisturi, „Semwynarebe-
li“) midgomis Camoyalibebas. fsiqoTerapiul jgufSi „simbolo-
ze muSaoba“ (misi qmna da gageba) tolerantobis (rogorc sxva
adamianebisadmi, aseve sakuTari Tavisadmi) stimulad iqceva; mra-
valmniSvnelovani simbolo gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis (azrebi-
sa Tu grZnobebis) gaziareba _ miRebas optimalur pirobebs uq-
mnis. simbolosa da arqetipebis Zireul maxasiaTebelTa Soris
karl iungi maT Terapiul potencials asaxelebda; koleqtiuri
aracnobieris ideam, romelSic energetikuli muxtis Semcveli
arqetipebi da polisemanturi simboloebi igulisxmeba, k. iungi
„logikurad“ miiyvana art-Terapiamde.
fsiqologiuri art-teqnikebis zemoqmedebaSi gamoyofen
grZnobad, azrobriv da socialur komponentebs. es sami komponen-
ti, erTis mxriv, art-teqnikis „iaraRia“; fsiqologiuri art-
teqnika zemoqmedebs grZnobiT, azriTa da socialuri mimarTebe-
biT. aqtiuri socialuri urTierTqmedebis procesSi is axdens
grZnobebisa da ideebis stimulirebas. amave dros, aRniSnuli
komponentebi art-teqnikis zemoqmedebis SedegSic amoicnoba; Te-
rapiul efeqts is grZnobad, azrobriv da socialur sferoebSi
cvlilebebis stimulirebiT axdens. sxva fsiqoTerapiuli mimdi-
nareobebisgan gansxvavebiT, fsiqologiuri art-teqnika aRniSnul
samsaxovan Sedegs sakuTriv simboloTa, mxatvrul niSanTa re-
sursiT aRwevs.
simboluri qmedebebis (da kerZod, ritualebis, ceremonie-

bis) Sesrulebas art-sesiis jer kidev sawyis („moTelviT“, mo-
renos terminologiiT _ „Sexurebis“ warming-up) etapze eniWeba
didi mniSvneloba. maTi mizania ndobisa da TanagrZnobis atmosfe-
ros Camoyalibeba, empaTiuri procesebis stimulireba, xelisSem-
Sleli dacviTi meqanizmebis moxsna da mxatvruli aqtivobisadmi
mzaobis formireba. jgufis fsiqo-socialuri momzadebis umniS-
vnelovanesi (da albaT, ganmsazRvreli) komponentia im mxatvru-
li garemos an, ufro sworad, garemosadmi `mxatvruli damoki-
debulebis“ stimulireba, romelSic nebismieri faqti da movlena
simbolur datvirTvas SeiZens. moTelviT etapze formirebul
mxatvrul ganwyobas an „TamaSis nebas“ j. morenom xatovnad „ma-
giuri viTom“ uwoda.
art-sesiis moTelviT etapis ritualebia: wreSi xelCakide-
biT triali, ficis dadeba, misalmeba, „problemebisgan gaTavi-
sufleba“, „bavSvobaSi dabruneba“ da sxv. TiToeuli es qmedeba
simbolur datvirTvas iZens maSinac ki, rodesac participantebi
misi mniSvnelobis obieqtivirebas ar an ver axerxeben. magaliTad,
wriuli triali da wris simbolika maSinac uwyobs xels jgu-
fis wevrebis gamTlianeba-gaerTianebas, rodesac misi Sesabamisi
interpretireba ar xdeba. ferxuli (wreSi cekva), rogorc sim-
bolo, moqmedebis procesSi an moqmedebis saSualebiT zemoqme-
debs; amTlianebs jgufs da mas erToblivi mxatvruli aqtivobis-
Tvis amzadebs. aseve, aucileblad miiCneva Sesabamisi simboluri
qmedebebis („damSvidobebis ritualebis“) Sesruleba art-sesiis
finalur etapzec. am daskvniT ceremonias j. morenos skolaSi
„Terapiuli siyvarulis rituali“ ewodeba.
TamaSis garemo (sagulisxmoa, rom art-sesias zogjer iwye-
ben mowodebiT: “modi, viTamaSoT!“) participantisa da mTeli
jgufis „daculobis“ garantad iqceva; realoba-irealobis
zRvarze momdinare moqmedeba („magiuri viTom“), simboloTa mieri
SeniRbva-asaxva da Tavisufali TamaSis atmosfero fsiqoTerapi-
ul process erTgvarad umtkivneulos xdis. savsebiT seriozuli
da, ufro metic, mtkivneuli movlenebi, j. morenos sityvebiT,
„warmosaxvis damcav velSi eqcevian“ da amiT paTogenuri zemoq-
medebis unars kargaven. am velSi mimdinare simboloebiT komuni-
kacia konkretuls, piradulsa da kerZo pirovnuls scildeba; is
tovebs or (an met) realur individs Soris realuri sivrciT-
droiTi kavSiris viwro farglebs da zogad, universalur, sxva
sityvebiT, simbolur datvirTvas iZens. komunikaciuri arxis es

zogadoba sulac ar gulisxmobs emociur simSrales; piriqiT,
mxatvruli niSani komunikacias afeqturad muxtavs da komunikan-
tebs afeqturi, emociurad damuxtuli kreaciis procesSi rTavs.
simbolos polisemantikas iseTi Tvisebebi ukavSirdeba, ro-
gorebicaa dinamikuroba da mudmivi qmnadoba. simbolos Riaoba-
gaxsniloba an „komunikabeloba“ misi SemoqmedebiTi manipulirebi-
sa da Tavisufali interpretirebis SeuzRudav SesaZleblobebs
iZleva. analizuri fsiqologiis mixedviT, simbolo energiis wya-
roa da fsiqikuri dinamikis (aqtivobis, qmnadobis) stimulato-
ri. es Tavisufleba (rogorc qmediTi, aseve gancdiseuli) art-
sesiaze simboloTa Seqmnisa da interpretaciis procesebs Tama-
Sis saxes aniWebs, rac kidev ufro amZafrebs analogias mxat-
vrul studiasTan.
simbolos Terapiul efeqtSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravT
proeqcia-obieqtivaciis procesebsac. simbolo distancirebuli,
„gareT gatanili“ fsiqo-socialuri Sinaarsia. Sesabamisad, is
fsiqikur da socialur Sinaarsebze garedan dakvirvebis, maTi
Seswavlis, koreqciisa da marTvis saSualebas iZleva. e.w. proeq-
ciuli naxatismieri testebi (h. rorSaxis „melnis laqis meTo-
di“, g. ridis „Tavisufali naxatis testi“, a. vengeris „naxatis-
mieri testebi“ da sxv.) swored aRniSnul kanonzomierebas efuZ-
neba. am testebSi naxati proecirebuli an masze gadatanili da
asaxuli fsiqikuri Sinaarsis (gancdis, midrekilebis, ganwyobis
da sxv.) saxiT gaigeba. swored amitom eniWeba proeqciul naxa-
tismier testebs diagnostikuri mniSvneloba.
mxatvruli niSnebiT efeqturi manipulaciisa da maTi zemoq-
medebis gazrdis mizniT fsiqologiuri art-teqnika saxviTi, dra-
matuli da musikaluri xelovnebis mravalferovan SesaZleblo-
bebs mimarTavs. Tanamedrove art-Terapiasa da art-TreiningSi uk-
ve tradiciuli meTodebis gverdiT (rogorebicaa fsiqodrama,
sociodrama, forum-Teatri, musiko-Terapia, xatviT-Terapia) Se-
darebiT axali meTodebic gamoiyeneba ; aseTia instalacia-Tera-
pia, pantomima-Terapia, performans-Terapia, TojinebiT-Terapia,
zRapriT-Terapia, simbolo-Terapia da miTodrama. magram nebismier
SemTxvevaSi, art-sesiis principebi da meqanizmi ucvleli rCeba.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi fsiqologiuri art-teqnika simboloTa ko-
direba-dekodirebis procesebs an semiosiss efuZneba.
art-teqnikebSi simboloTa kodireba-dekodireba socialur,
eqspresiul, inteleqtualur funqciebs atarebs. funqciebis gan-

xorcieleba maT efeqtur urTierTkavSirzea damokidebuli. fun-
qciaTa am sistemaSi gamorCeuli mniSvneloba socialur, komuni-
kaciur funqcias unda mieniWos. j. morenos cnobili, lakoniuri
gamonaTqvamiT, „fsiqodrama Sexvedraa!“ is ori adamianis, adamian-
Ta jgufis da, aseve, sakuTar TavTan Sexvedraa! SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom sazogadod, fsiqologiuri art-sesiis procesSi swored ko-
munikaciur arxebSia „Canergili“ aRniSnuli meTodis eqspresi-
ul-afeqturi da kognitur-SemecnebiTi funqciebi; komunikacia
kognitur da afeqtur funqciebsac moicavs. umberto ekos pe-
rifrazirebiT: „mxatvruli fenomeni komunikantia!“ TviT mxat-
vruli eqspresiis, mxatvruli niSnebiT TviTgamoxatvis funqciac
socialur datvirTvas atarebs; is gaigeba, rogorc komunikacia
sakuTar TavTan.
fsiqologiur art-teqnikebSi (art-Terapiasa da art- Trei-
ningSi) niRbis-simbolos auTenturoba („namdviloba“) am meTode-
bis funqciebsa da SedegSi vlindeba; simboloTa kodireba-deko-
direbis gziT miRweuli Terapiuli efeqti emociuri, kognituri
da socialuri apeqtebis regulirebas efuZneba. aspeqtTa am tri-
adaSi gamorCeuli mniSvneloba mxatvrul komunikacias unda mie-
niWos, radganac swored is qmnis safuZvels sxva (eqspresiuli
Tu kognituri) aspeqtebis aqtivaciisTvis.
fsiqologiuri art-teqnika da misi efeqturoba empiriuli
argumentia im poziciis sasargeblod, romlis mixedviTac xelov-
neba WeSmariti komunikaciaa! art-Terapiasa da art-TreiningSi
simbolo-niRabi ara Tu niRbavs realobas (kerZod, realur fsi-
qo-socialur movlenebs) da amaxinjebs realur socialur mimar-
Tebebs, aramed piriqiT, qmnis optimalur pirobebs maTi gamovle-
nisa da realizebisaTvis. iluziebiT TamaSi iluziebisgan gaTavi-
suflebis an iluziaTa realobad qcevis misteriad iqceva.
dali baxtaZe
germanuli da qarTuli
kulturis semiotika
xatovani azrovnebis
enobriv subsistemebSi
1. Sesavali. rogorc cnobilia, se-

miotikas, rogorc filosofiis Semecne-
biTi Teoriis nawils, yovelgvari saxis
niSani ainteresebs. es aris zogadi Teo-
ria niSnis arsze, warmoSobaze (semiozi-
si) da gamoyenebaze.
semiotikur frazeologias ori amo-
cana aqvs gadasaWreli:
1) bunebrivi enis ganviTarebis pro-
cesSi kognitiuri modelebis gamokvleva;
2) im modifikaciebis (semantikuri
gardasaxvebis) kvleva, romelSic xdeba
frazeologizaciis kategoriebis, niSan-
Tvisebebis realizeba. es modifikaciebi
gvaZleven idiomatur, imave figuralur /
metaforul / gadataniT / ikonur / xato-
van mniSvnelobas (Donalies 2009:19). ro-
gorc vxedavT, naklebad gvaqvs saubari
frazeologizmis, rogorc semiotikuri
niSnis kvlevaze. sadavo ar aris, rom
idiomatikis kognitiuri kvleva saSuria,
radgan igi saSualebas iZleva mivuax-
lovdeT da avsxnaT frazeologizmebis
enaSi funqcionirebis bunebrivi, realu-
ri procesebi. Tu aqamde arsebuli fra-
zeologia da idiomatika aRweriT-mare-
germanuli da qarTuli kulturis semiotika... 137
gistrirebeli disciplina iyo, axla igi semantikuri procese-

bis siRrmiseuli meqanizmebis amxsnel disciplinad iqca1. saxezea
lingvisturi da kognitiur-gnoseologiuri doneebis urTierTmi-
marTeba.
2. frazeologiuri niSani. frazeologiuri niSani ormagi
nominaciis mqonea. frazeologizaciaSi es procesi gamorCeulia:
a) frazeologiuri niSani, rogorc enobrivi inventari, obi-
eqtad iRebs ara sagans, aramed situacias, saqmis viTarebas, rom-
lis ikonuroba _ xati konkretuli situaciis nominaciaa, xolo
interpretanti, anu niSnis gageba (semiozisi) _ remuli daniSnu-
lebisaa, Cvens SemTxvevaSi _ frazeologiuri predikaciis mata-
rebeli.
b) frazeologizmSi enobrivi niSania ara sityva, aramed
sityvaTa kompleqsi. igi miemarTeba ara saganTan, aramed situaci-
as, saqmis viTarebas (pirveladi nominacia, denotati). am deno-
tats Tan axlavs kognitiuri procesebi, romlebic ganapirobeben
situaciis simboluri monacemebis abstragirebas, frazeologiur
niSnad gardasaxvas. niSani SeiZleba iyos motivirebuli an zog-
jer aramotivirebuli (meoradi nominacia). pirveli interpretan-
ti, rogorc niSani, meore niSnis semiozisis safuZvelia. es meo-
re niSani (interpretanti) gamorCeulia metaforul kognituri
procesebiTa da simboluri motivaciiT. es aris frazeologizmis
semiotikuri niSani. rogorc TvalnaTelia, es ar aris semiotika-
Si miRebuli filosofiuri kategoriebis (enobrivi SesaZleblo-
bebis, sinamdvilisa da gonis _ Möglichkeit, Wirklichkeit,
Vernunft) ubralo urTierTmimarTeba. idiomatikasa da idiomati-
kiT warmarTul komunikaciaSi procesebi rTuli da kompleqsu-
ria: sakuTriv Sidaenobriv procesebTan erTad Tavmoyrilia gare-
enobrivi _ xatis ganmapirobebeli _ jer erTi, cnebiT _ seman-
tikuri da azrovnebiTi procesebi da meorec, rac mTavaria, so-
1
babenkos frazeologzmebis siRrmiseuli procesebis axsnisaTvis aseTi
magaliTi mohyavs: frazeologizmis `Tote Hose~ xatia `mkvdari Sarva-
li~, magram niSnavs `saSinel momabezrebel mowyenilobas~. es saxeli
dairqva germanulma modurma pop-jgufma. ruseTSi gastrolebisas ru-
sulma presam saxelwodeba pirdapir Targmna: `Мертвые штаны~. dai-
karga frazeologiuri metafora, gverdze darCa idiomaturoba
(Бабенко 2000: ВЯ №1)
138 dali baxtaZe
cialuri garemo. amrigad, mocemulia Sidaenobrivi sistemis, ga-

reenobrivi faqtorebisa da azrovnebiTi/gonismieri procesebis
substrati (Denksubtrat) (Dobrovolskij 1988: 25-28), rac gvaZ-
levs srulyofil frazeologiur niSans, enobrivi suraTebiT
Camoyalibebuls. es frazeologizmis Sida formaa, igi yovelTvis
aisaxeba aqtualur mniSvnelobaze, magram aqtualuri mniSvnelo-
bis yvela Tavisebureba rodia ganpirobebuli frazeologizmis
Sida formiT (Филипенко 2007: 82-94).
g) frazeologiur niSans msWvalavs kulturis fenomeni. me-
20 saukunis 70-iani wlebidan semiotikuri niSnis yvela Tavise-
burebam Tavi moiyara komunikaciis TeoriaSi terminiT Kode. so-
siuris mimdevrebi niSans aanalizeben konotaciurad da teqstob-
rivad gafarToebulad (Metzler Lexikon Sprache 2000: 625).
3. xatovani/metaforuli azrovnebis enobriv sistemaSi (fra-

zeologiaSi) gadmocemuli kulturis semiotika
frazeologizaciis procesi, anu frazeologizmis semioti-

kur niSnad qcevis meqanizmebi yvela enisaTvis universaluria.
maS ra ganapirobebs am mravalkomponentian gamonaTqvamSi kultu-
ris semiotikas?
_ xatisaTvis SerCeuli simbolo. igi informaciis Camoyali-
bebis procesSi zogadsakacobrio principebTan erTad yoveli
enis tipologiur da kulturul Taviseburebebs asaxavs, ara
mniSvnelobis CvenebiT, rogorc aseTi, aramed im meqanizmebiT,
romlebic mniSvnelobis manifestacias axdenen, kerZod ikonuro-
bisa da simbolurobis sinTeziT. es frazeologizmis Sida for-
maa. ra igulisxmeba ikonurobisa da simbolurobis sinTezSi?
_ frazeologizmSi xati da simbolo asociaciebisa da ab-
straqciebis maRali xarisxiTaa warmodgenili: xati realuri de-
notatis aRqmaa, simbolo _ konvencionaluri denotatia, azrob-
rivi suraTia, romelic sinamdviles, sagans, movlenas, situacias
mokled da xatovnad axasiaTebs (Schülerduden 2009:406). ernst
kasirerma Tanamedrove filosofiaSi simbolos cneba centra-
lur/ZiriTad cnebad wamoswia. kasireris azriT, adamianis Tvise-
baa, iyos ~animal simbolicum~, anu simboloebis Semqmneli da ga-
momyenebeli arseba. usimbolo, `faqtobrivi~ samyaro, misi azriT,
mxolod uazroa, radgan saganTan mimarTeba unda xasiaTdebodes
ara uSualod, aramed SualobiTi niSniT. kasireri cdilobs, ada-
mianTa kulturuli moRvaweoba simboloTa sistemebad ganixilos

da sul ufro metad semiotikuri interesebis sferodan warmo-
adginos (samtomeuli. Kassirer 1996, aseve l. ramiSvilis Targma-
ni 1983: 59).
es gonismieri SemoqmedebiTi procesi qmnis xats, romelic
sinamdviles mxolod konvencionalurad Seesabameba. nicSe ambobs,
rom ena xatovani, metaforuli elementebisagan Sedgeba. adamiani
mas mudmivad qmnis, es adamianis ZiriTadi instinqtia, Tumca ada-
miani ver acnobierebs Tavisi enobrivi Semoqmedebis metaforul
xasiaTs (Ницще 1990).
_ yuradsaRebia is faqti, rom erovnuli enis semantikur
konvenciurobas konceptualuri struqturebi ganapirobeben. isi-
ni qmnian samyaros erovnul suraTs, xats, romelic mentaluri
konceptebis sistemebisagan Sedgebian. realuri sinamdvilis am-
saxveli swored es metaforuli xati sxvadasxva aqvs Tavisi
struqturiT gansxvavebuli eTnokulturis mqone xalxs.
_ aseve unda aRiniSnos meore mniSvnelovani lingvisturi
kategoria _ Sefaseba. igi enobrivi informaciis organizebaSi
arsebiT rols TamaSobs, erovnuli niSnis matarebelia da eTno-
kulturuli pragmatikis nawils warmoadgens (Седых 2004: 52-
55). Sesabamisad ena, kultura da pirovneba erTmaneTTan mudmiv
urTierTobaSi imyofebian.
nebismier frazeologizmSi saxezea metaforul-simboluri
motivacia, romelSic am sazogadoebis kulturaa asaxuli. simbo-
los konceptualur daniSnulebaze zemoT ukve iTqva. enaTmecnie-
rebaSi igi azriT datvirTuli niSania da mas niSnisa da suraT-
xatis rigSi ganixilaven, oRond simbolos niSansa da suraTs
Soris Sualeduri adgili uWiravs (Арутюнова 1988). simboloSi
daunjebulia kulturuli specifika, istoriuli viTarebis gamo-
Zaxili, enobrivi niSnis motivacia, mag.:
Jm goldene Berge versprechen _ oqros mTebis dapireba (ganu-
xorcielebeli, zedmetad gazviadebuli dapirebebi; qarTulSi
gvaqvs `cixe-koSkebis ageba~. òqro~, rogorc simdidris simbo-
lo, sxva gamoTqmebSic gvxvdeba: mit einem goldenen Löffel im Mund
geboren sein. (pirSi oqros kovziT dabadeba/: reich geboren sein _
qudbediani, Tavidanve simdidriT aRsavse. òqrom~ SemdgomSi sxva
datvirTvac SeiZina: goldene Mitte, goldene Regel. xolo baironma
gamoTqma das goldene Zeitalter (`don JuanSi~) im periods miusada-
140 dali baxtaZe
ga, roca oqros daxarbebuli maZieblebi jer kidev ar arsebob-

dnen (Bastian 2009: 84).
saintereso faqtia, rom germanul enaSi ar moiZebna iseTi
Sidaformis idiomi, sadac simboloa `tvini~ da masTan dakavSi-
rebulia Sesabamisi qmedebebi: gamolayeba, waReba, amorTmeva, amo-
wova, gamoTayvaneba, gamobentereba, gamoCerCeteba, anu momabezre-
beli, fuWi saqmianoba (qarTuli enis ganmart. leqsik. ax. redaq-
cia 2010. t.2: 783, 828).
am bolo dros gavrcelda idiomi `tvinis gamorecxva~, ro-
melic Tavisi SidaformiT `tvinis gamolayebas~ waagavs. `tvinis
gamorecxvaSi~ sxva konceptualuri struqturaa mocemuli, ker-
Zod, specialurad SemuSavebuli teqnologiebiT: propagandiT,
reklamiT, piariT, mediasaSualebebiT `zedmeti~ (arasasurveli)
azrebis, informaciis waSla, gaqarwyleba, raTa vinc agensia, iman
zegavlena iqonios paciensze: Seasustos misi gonebrivi unari da
advilad marTvadi gaxados igi. arsebobs e.w. fsiqotropuli
farmakologiac, roca `tvinis gamorecxviT~ SeiZleba adamiani
mowamlo, daaSino da a.S. (Филипенко 2007:90).
sayuradReboa Tanamedrove frazeologiur leqsikonebSi sa-
leqsikono statiis axleburi gaazreba: adre metwilad idiomis
ganmarteba, Sinaarsi iyo warmodgenili, zogjer etimologiac.
bolo dros saleqsikono statia Seicavs frazeologiur mniSvne-
lobas, gramatikul monacemebs, Sexamebis (sintagmatur) unarsa
da mis gamoyenebas. maSasadame, axleburi moTxovnebiT saleqsiko-
no statia unda iyos zonebad, monakveTebad dayofili: 1) fraze-
ologiuri erTeuli, misi propoziciuli forma, axsna; 2) grama-
tikuli Taviseburebebi (konstruqciebi), 3) sxva erTeulTan Se-
xameba _ valentoba da kolokacia, sailustracio magaliTebi.
es iZleva yoveli idiomis naTel semantikur-gramatikul-
pragmatikul suraTs; roca erTi konceptis aRmniSvnel idiomTa
sinonimuri rigi gvaqvs, es gvaZlevs TiToeuli frazeologizmis
mier aRniSnuli semantikuri saxeobebis Tu niuansebis daxasiaTe-
bis saSualebas. frazeologiis semiotikuri kvleva uSualo kav-
SirSia enis tipologiasTan, mravali konkretuli enobrivi mov-
leniT Camoyalibebuli ganzogadebul kanonzomierebebTan
(Dobrovolskij 1988:7,8).
meore mniSvnelovani sakiTxi isaa, rom orenovan frazeolo-
giur leqsikonebSi zemoCamoTvlil saleqsikono statiis zonebsa
Tu monakveTebSi mocemuli iyos mag.: germanuli da qarTuli ene-
bis enobriv-tipologiuri maxasiaTeblebi; saxeldobr, ra Sedegs

mogvcems ori TiTqos erTnairi frazeologiuri erTeulis Sepi-
rispireba. jm Sand in die Augen streuen _ TvalSi nacris Seyra.
qmedeba erTnairia, xati _ msgavsi, magram ara identuri: sila da
nacari. adresati valenturi kavSiriT dativis/micemiTis iribi
obieqtia. germanulSi am gamoTqmas refleqsuri gamoyenebac aqvs:
(sich) Sand in die Augen streuen. germanul gamoTqmaSi xati mofa-
rikaveTa Tu sxvaTa orTabrZolebidan warmoiSva. Zveli xriki
iyo, mowinaaRmdegisaTvis silis Seyra, rom misi brZolisunaria-
noba SeesustebinaT (Duden 2008:647).
raSi mdgomareobs frazeologiuri niSnis semiotikuri arsi
da Tavisebureba?
mravalma mecnierma damajereblad axsna, rom motivaciasa da
xatovanebaSi arsebobs konkretulis mimarTeba abstraqtulTan da
enobrivi erTeulis abstraqtulad qcevisaTvis konkretulis
moxmoba (ix. Hessky 1995: 293; Baldauf 1997; Dobrovolskij 1997;
Lakoff/Jonson 1998: Liebert 2002; Rolf 2005; Soehn 2006; Masiulionytё
2007; citirebulia Donalies 2009:25). aq amave dros marTebulia
struqturul-tipologiuri meTodebis gamoyeneba, radgan ixsneba
korelaciebi frazeologiuri subsistemis Sida organizaciasa da
enis sxva subsistemebs Soris, romlebic frazeologizmis semio-
tikur niSanSi:
_ gamoacalkevebs Sidaenobriv process gareenobrivisagan,
anu gaimijneba sakuTriv frazeologiuri leqsikur-semiantikuri-
sagan.
_ moaxdens sakuTriv frazeologiuri parametrebis seleq-
cias, rac TiTqmis ukvlevi sferoa: esenia freazeologiuri er-
Teulis mravalwevriani forma da meoradi xatovani nominaciiT
momxdari semantikuri transformaciebi.
_ warmoaCens yoveli enis da am enis matareblis unars,
ìazrovnos suraTebiT~ (Wandruszka 1979: 960), rac fsiqolin-
gvisturi ganmartebiT, asociaciebisa da motivaciebis safuZvel-
ze ayalibebs frazeologizmis semiotikur niSans.
_ frazeologizaciis kanonzomierebebsa da frazeologiur
gardasaxvas ganixilavs rogorc logikur-fsiqologiur fenomens,
semantikuri transformaciis meqanizmebSi metaforul da metoni-
mur gardasaxvebs _ rogorc mniSvnelobis gafarToebas, xolo
xatovanebis gradacias (Sesustebas-gaZlierebas) _ rogorc enob-
rivi suraTis eqspresiulobis xarisxs.
142 dali baxtaZe
es is arsebiTi struqturul-semantikuri niSnebia, romle-

bic enis tips udevs safuZvlad.
literatura
1. Арутюнова, Н.Д. 1988: От образа к знаку.//Мышление.

Когнитивные науки искуственный интелект. М.
2. Бабенко, Н.С. 2000: Рецензия на книгу D. Dobrovolskij:
Idiome im mentalen Lexikon. Ziele und Methoden der kognitivbasierten
Phraseologieforschung. Verlag WVT Wissenschaftlicher Verlag. Trier
1997.//ВЯ 2000 №1.
3. Bastian, Till 2009: Treppenwitz mit Stein im Brett. 88
Redensarten, Metaphern, Floskeln - wo sie herkommen, was sie sagen.
Hirzel Verlag. Stuttgart.
4. baxtaZe, dali 1992: frazeologiuri predikaciis prob-
lemebi. gamomc. `sarangi~, quTaisi.
5. Dobrovolskij, Dmitrij 1988: Phraseologie als Objekt der
Universalienlinguistik. Linguistische Studien. Verlag Enzyklopädie.
Leipzig.
6. Donalies, Elke 2009: Basiswissen. Deutsche Phraseologie. A.
Francke Verlag. Tübingen. Basel.
7. Duden 2008: Redewendungen. B. 11. Dudenverlag. Mannheim
u.a.
8. Kassirer, Ernst 1996: Versuch über den Menschen. Einführung in
eine Philosophie der Kultur. Felix Meiner Verlag. Hamburg. kasireri,
ernsti: ra aris adamiani. cda adamianuri kulturis filosofiis
agebisa. germanulidan Targmna lamara ramiSvilma. gamomc. `ganaT-
leba~, Tbilisi, 1983.
9. Metzler Lexikon Sprache 2000: Hrsg. von Helmut Glück. 2.
erweit. Aufl. Stuttgart. Weimar.
10. Ницще, Фридрих 1990: Сочинения в 2-х т., Т. 1:
Литературные памятники. М.
11. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni 2010: axali re-
daqcia. t.2. Tbilisi.
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und bearb. von der Redaktion Schule und Lernen. Dudenverlag
Manheim. Leipzig. Wien. Zürich.
13. Седых, А.П. 2004: Языковое поведение, конвенциональная
семантика и национальные архетипы.//ФН 2004 №3.
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когнитивной перспективе.//Вестник МГУ. Серия 19. Лингвистика и
межкультурная коммуникация. №4 (2001).
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Manfred/Vernay, Henri/Wolf, Lothar (Hg.): Kurt Baldinger zum 60.
Geburtstag. Festschrift. B. II. Tübingen (1979): 951-963.
daviT SavianiZe
sizmris semiotika
eTnografiul masalebsa da
mxatvrul literaturaSi
sizmris analizis safuZvelze mec-

nierebaSi damkvidrebulia azri, rom siz-
mari cnobierebis abstraqtuli gancdaa;
sizmarSi aisaxeba garedan mocemuli si-
namdvile, cnobier ganwyobasTan SeuTav-
sebeli, idumali survili; sizmrebis ax-
sna aris Via Regina, anu qvecnobieris
Secnobis “samefo gza”. iungma Seqmna
sizmrebis axsnis meTodologia. uzarma-
zari Sroma gaswia sizmrebis fenomenis
asaxsnelad1; froidis mixedviT, sizmari
“es aris gandevnili survilebis, moT-
xovnilebebis SeniRbuli asruleba”;
“sizmari es aris werili Cveni aracnobi-
erisgan”; qarTul eTnologiur litera-
turaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebiT, sizmris
naxvis etapze garkveuli sqemis amoqmede-
bidan, anu “gadamuSavebis situaciidan
xdeba sizmris prezentaciuli simbolo-
xatebis naxva, aRqma-damaxsovreba, gaRvi-
Zebis etapidan ki maTi axsna-interpreti-
1
man araerTi wigni dawera sizmris proble-
masTan dakavSirebiT. SeiZleba gamovyoT “siz-
mrebis ganmartebebi” da “sizmris analizis
praqtikuli gamoyeneba”
sizmris semiotika eTnografiul masalebsa da mxatvrul literaturaSi 145
reba” (d. uznaZe, k. g. iungi, z. froidi, q. xuciSvili). sizmari

Cvenebad, molandebad, xilvad aixsneba, misi mnaxveli ki “Cvenebis
mxilvevlia” (i. abulaZe, 1973, gv. 390; qegl, 1980, gv. 504; d.
CubinaSvili, 1984, gv. 1171; i. imnaiSvili, 1986, gv. 778;
http://urakparaki.com/?m=4&ID=45705;
http://anuuushkebi.ucoz.com/blog/2009-07-07-11;
http://sisi.ge/index.php?newsid=142l).
migvaCnia, rom fsiqologiuri momentidan gamomdinare, cen-
traluri nervuli sistemisagan marTuli cnobierebis Tavisebu-
rebebis Sedegi _ sizmari individualuri da subieqturia; sizma-
ri Sedegia ganwyobisa, romelsac qmnis konkretuli pirovnebis
TavSi, Tu zogadad TemSi, qveyanaSi arsebuli sinamdvile; sinam-
dviliT ganpirobebul sizmris mimdinareobaze gavlenas axdens
sqesi, asaki, moTxovnilebebi, cxovrebis pirobebi, profesiuli
saqmianoba2...
eTnografiuli masalebis mixedviT: “sizmari moCvenebaa, xil-
vaa. yvelaferi uflis nebaa, aba sxvas vis SeuZlia daZinebul
adamians rame miganiSnos. sizmari fiqris Sedegia, STagonebaa. siz-
mari winaswarmetyveluria. saWiroebis miRwevis gza xSirad siz-
mrad gvevlineba. sizmris mimdinareobaze gavlenas axdens konkre-
tuli pirovnebis Tavs, TemSi, Tu qveyanaSi arsebuli sinamdvile,
mdgomareoba, saqmisadmi damokidebuleba, asaki... sizmarSi mTavaria
misi mnaxvelis samyaro. sizmari gvimuSavebs Cvevebs, gavlenas ax-
dens yofa-cxovrebaze; sizmris naxviT misi mnaxveli grZnobs mo-
mavals. adamianebs sizmris swamdaT. ra Tqma unda misi mindoba da
misi dajereba yovelTvis ar SeiZleba, magram faqtia, sizmris
rwmenas ver gaeqcevi. igi Zalian xSirad axsnadi da axdenadia”.
mxatvrul literaturaSic da eTnografiul yofaSic
gvxvdeba marcxis, sikvdilis momaswavebeli da keTilis winaswar-
metyveluri sizmari.
luarsabis (“kacia adamiani”?!), mzias (“gvelis mWameli”),
ujuS emxas (“haki aZba”) da platonis (“samaniSvilis dedinacva-
2
„sizmari yofaSi warmoadgens komunikaciis saSualebas individsa da
sazogadoebas Soris, sazogadoebebs, cnobiersa da aracnobiers, mikro
da makro samyaroebs, warsuls, dRevandelobasa da momavals, saaqaosa
da saiqios Soris, rac aqtualurs xdis mis Seswavlas” (q. xuciSvili,
2009).
146 daviT SavianiZe
li”) sizmarSi maTi bedi sikvdilTan, marcxTan asocirdeba. lu-

arsabi didad ar ganicdis uSvilobas, sakuTari memkvidreobis sa-
kiTxs, magram sizmarSi xedavs sakuTari cxovrebis finals. siz-
mrad xedavs rom, Tavis saflavze Zmis sikvdiliT gaxarebuli
daviTi cekvavs da xalisobs, rom qoneba daviTs darCa. sizmrad
naxuli axda, luarsabis cxovreba ukvalod gaqra; mzias sizmari
im mdgomareobas asaxavs, rac misi qveynisTvis mindias sibrZnis
dakargvas unda mohyves (qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, w. V, nawi-
li II, 2001, gv.271). mzias mier sizmrad nanaxi sikvdili realu-
ri xdeba; ujuS emxas mier sizmrad nanaxi saSinelebac qveynis
marcxiT da misi sikvdiliT mTavrdeba. “RvTis samarTali mzias
sizmarSi cxaddeba... Rvari “zenaiT moasqda”, rogorc RvTis sas-
jeli, romelsac unda waeleka da moeSTo codvismoqmedni. mzia
balRebiTurT da Semdeg mindiac wyals miaqvs. mindia imitom,
rom uflis winaSe scoda, mzia da balRebi imitom, rom maT ga-
moa Cadenili codva... (Tamaz Cxenkeli, qarTveli mwerlebi sko-
laSi, w. V. naw. II, 2001, gv. 287). “luarsabi RmerTs mimarTavs:
“me ki _ RmerTo, xom ici _ arafers ar davuZlevivar, rad miw-
yrebi? imisaTvis, rom TeleTSi wasvlazed WoWmanoba daviwye?
aki maSinve movinanie!”; platon samaniSvili uRvTo fiqriTaa SeZ-
ruli. momavali ubedurebis gancda, rom dedinacvali elene mas
qonebis gamyofs gauCens, xdeba platonis sizmris safuZveli.
platons esizmreba is “uRvTo dedakaci”. esizmreba da “enac er-
Tmeva, gonebac ekargeba da sisxlic uSreba”. platons cxadSic
igive emarTeba.
luarsabis, platonisa da mzias, “haki aZbas” mixedviT ki _
xalxis qmedeba RvTis sawinaaRmdegoa da amitom problema prob-
lemad rCeba.
eTnografiuli masalebiT: “uflis yvedreba marcxis niSania.
Tu RvTisagan STagonebul keTil saqmes ar akeTeb, Seni nakeTebi
da sakeTebeli sxvisTvis sasargebloa da viRacis, an raRacis ga-
mo mas Tavs anebeb, aucileblad damarcxdebi. RmerTs ar unda
awyenino. sasikeTo saqme RvTisaganaa nakarnaxevi da igi zogjer
gesizmreba kidec.”
dimitri uznaZe werda: "mTeli Cveni cxovrebis forma, saxe
sikvdilma warmoSva. amitom igi ganuyreli darajiviT mudam Tan
gvsdevda da kidevac gvsdevs” (d. uznaZe, Sromebi, t. IX, 1986,
gv. 16).
aRvniSnavT, rom cudis, uaresis, sikvdilis SiSi namdvila-

daa garkveuli stimuli. igi azrs aZlevs adamianis moRvaweobas.
sikvdilze gamarjvebis survilma unda gaaZlieros sulis ukvda-
vebis tradiciuli swrafva.
kvirias (”baxtrioni”), mRvdlis (“baSi-aCuki”), aludas
(“aluda qeTelauri”) winaswarmetyvelur sizmrebSi, marTalia,
msxverpli Cans, magram TiToeulis sizmari keTilis momaswavebe-
lia. “Temis azri aludasagan mtrisadmi zurgis qcevaze rom ga-
qarwyldes, mindia aludas survilis sapirispirod iqceva da
mokveTs mklavs mucals. nervuli sistemis TaviseburebiT da
mdgomareobiT ganapirobebuli aludas sizmari mucalisTvis
mklavis mokveTiT, anu sikvdiliT gamowveuli wuxilis qvecnobi-
eri gagrZelebaa3 (r. siraZe, qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, w. V,
nawili II, gv. 59). aluda kuratis SewirviT sakuTar azrs ica-
vs. marTalia, Temidan mokveTes, magram gamarjvebuli rCeba imiT,
rom vaJkacisTvis mklavis armokveTis wesi momavalSi TemisTvis
wesad iqceva; kvirias sizmari aixsna, arss luxumi mixvda (“ewyi-
na luxums sizmari, cremlebi mosdis wyvilada”). kviria msxver-
pli gaxda, qarTvelebma ki brZolaSi gaimarjves; mRvdlis (lu-
xumSi da mRvdelSi zecnobieri moqmedebs) sizmarSi alaverdis
monasters samkecad Semoxveuli gveleSapis mokvla (“baSi-aCuki”)
qarTvelTa gamarjvebis niSania.
eTnografiul yofaSi gvxvdeba masala, sadac saubaria siz-
mris ganeitralebis, misi keTilad axdenis SesaZleblobaze, mTva-
ris fazebis mniSvnelobaze mis axdena-araxdenasTan dakavSirebiT4.
mTxrobelTa TqmiT: “sizmrebi raRacis შecvlis aucileblobisa-
ken migvaniSneben. zogjer xdeba, rom kargi sizmari bednieri mo-
mavlis garda msxverplzec winaswarmetyvelebs da mas cxadSic
xedav, magram sizmris axsnis Semdeg danaxuli kargisTvis
(mTxrobelebs mxedvelobaSi aqvT sazogado saqme, d. S.), msxver-
3
migvaCnia, rom sizmari aludas winaTgrZnobis amsaxvelia.
4
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis mkvidrTa rwmeniT: ”sizmris ganeit-
raleba SeiZleba cecxlis alis Tavze SemovlebiT, an sizmris wylis-
Tvis moyoliT ise, rom aravis daelaparakebi. cud sizmarze araferi
unda axseno. axal mTvareze dasizmrebuli ar axdeba”.
148 daviT SavianiZe
pladSewirulis saqmisTvis Tu imoqmedeb, msxverplis gamo wvev-

nuli cremli da dardi sixarulad geqceva.”
samecniero literaturaSic aRniSnuliა, rom “sicocxlis
siyvaruliTa da sikvdilze gamarjvebis ocnebiT nasazrdoebi
qarTuli xalxuri koleqtiuri cnobiereba icnobs sizmriT nawi-
naswarmetyvelebi sikvdilis acilebis motivsac, rac gmiris (be-
disweris adresatis) mier gamoCenili sikeTiT miiRweva” (T. Si-
oSvili, 2002, gv. 140).
cnobilia, rom semiotika ikvlevs niSanTa sistemis funqci-
onirebis kanonzomierebebs, semiotikis erT-erTi dargi semantika
ki niSnebs formis, Sinaarsisa da gamoyenebis mxriv. ikvlevs saz-
riss, romelsac es niSnebi gamosaxaven. am TvalsazrisiT sainte-
resoa saskolo programiT Sesaswavl nawarmoebebSi aRweril
sizmrebSi asaxuli moRvaweTa Rvawli, jvrebi, simboloebi, ekle-
sia-salocavebi, sxvadasxva cxovelebi da frinvelebi. rogorc
mxatvrul literaturaSi, ise eTnografiuli masalebSi aRweri-
li TiToeuli maTganis Sinaarsi erTeuli SemTxvevis garda Ziri-
Tadad erTnairad ixsneba.
magaliTebi literaturidan da eTnografiuli yofidan:
“yoili, xSiri yoili dafeniliyo gzazeda” (“baxtrioni”).
Cveni yvela eTnografiuli masaliT “yvavili sasixarulo, sasia-
movno ambavs moaswavebs”; gavxede mindvrad mocuravs Savi veSapi
qSeniTa” (“baxtrioni”). “qvewarmavali dagesizmreba ucxos, mters
naxav, cudi ambavia; mtris acilebaa, miT ufro Tu moklav. zogi
masalis TanaxmaT Savi feri cudia, dardia, varamia, sevda-glovas
moaswavebs”. sxva masaliT “sixarulis niSanicaa, kargia. ganiS-
nebs, rom saqme saSavod ar geqces”; gveleSapmoxveuli alaverdis
taZari (“baSi_aCuki”) dapyrobili saqarTvelos simboloa. “baSi-
aCukis” da “baxtrionis” mixedviT, xalxi wuxs, rom maTi samSob-
lo mtris xelSia. taZris gaTavisufleba Zneli da safrTxiloa,
Tumca saSuri. “eklesia, taZari samoTxis niSania, jvars iwer,
rigdebi benierebaze. momavalSi mSvidobianobaa. javri da dardi
saqmis mogvarebaze miganiSnebs”; “qveS mego TeTri logini tkbi-
lada saZinebeli” (“baxtrioni”); kiriles sizmris gmiri TeTr
cxenzea amxedrebuli (“baSi-aCuki”). eTnografiuli masalebiT
“TeTri feri samoTxeSi moxvedrasa miganiSnebs, Tumca zogjer,
rogorc dardi, isea dacdili”; mzis amobrwyineba da misi wiTe-
li Suqis danaxva sasaqarTvelos saqmis gadarCenis simboloa
(“baxtrioni”). mze da wiTeli Suqi, eTnografiuli masaliT, si-

xaruls, warmatebul momavals, gabrwyinebas da bednier cxovre-
bas miganiSnebs. “avtoriteti agimaRldeba, saxeli dagrCeba er-
Si”; vidre gaigebs mamamze erisTavi, rom misi Svili mowamvlis
Sedegad daiRupa, esizmreba mis saflavze dadebuli jvari, rome-
lic Sexebisas gvelad iqceva (“didostatis marjvena”). “jvari
qristianobis gamarjvebis simboloa. gaTxovebazec ganiSnebs. sxva
masalebiT, jvaris dasizmrebiT SeiZleba avi saqmec geniSnos.
jvarze cudis fiqri, misi xelyofa codvis damZimebis niSania”;
aluda qeTelauri sizmrad kacis wverian xorcs Wams (“aluda
qeTelauri”). eTnografiuli masaliT: “wveri naxo, Snoeba da sa-
xeli mogematos. wveri Sens mier axlis damkvidrebas, axali az-
ris Seqmnas niSnavs. wveris gaparsva sevda-naRvelia. xorcis nax-
va kargia, misi Wama ki cudis niSania. axloblis cudsac niS-
navs”; cxenze amxedrebul mxedarTa brZola (“baSi-aCuki”, “bax-
trioni”) gamarjvebas moaswavebs. “cxeni Zalian kargia, gamarjve-
baa. Tu sizmrad brZolaSi Caebmebi, cxadSi warmateba dagrCeba.
omi kargia, gansacdelis gadatanaa, yvela gaWirveba mogSordeba,
cxovrebaSi gamarTlebaa”.
sizmari xSirad gxvdeba bibliaSi, rogorc Zvel, ise axal
aRTqmaSi (sizmrebs vxvdebiT budizmSi, islamSi, daoizmSi), miu-
xedavad amisa, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom marTlmadidebloba5 araer-
5
abrams ZilSi amcnobs RmerTi, rom misi STamomavloba mdgmurad ic-
xovra sxva qveyanaSi da sxvaTa mier damorCilebuli iqneba oTxasi
wlis ganmavlobaSi (dabadeba. 15:12-16); iakobi sizmarSi xedavs “miwaze
mdgar kibes, sadac angelozebi adian da Camodian, xolo kibeze mdgari
ufali esaubreba iakobs” (dabadeba. 28:12); Zvel aRTqmaSi aRwerilia
iosebis ramodenime sizmari, (dabadeba. 37:9). garda amisa, Zvel aRTqmaSi
Cans, rom iosebma icis sizmris axsnac – igi jer sapyrobileSi, farao-
nis meRvinesa da mepures uxsnis sizmars, Semdeg ki _ TviTon faraons.
bibliis Tanaxmad, sizmrebs xedaven ezekieli, solomoni, gedeoni, da-
nieli, romelmac aseve Zalian kargad icoda sizmrebis axsna.
axal aRTqmaSi sul cxra sizmars vxvdebiT, aqedan xuTi maTgani
gvxvdeba maTes saxarebaSi, xolo oTxi ki mociqulTa saqmeebSi; magali-
Tad, iosebi, qmari mariamisa, sizmarSi ramdenimejer xedavs uflis ange-
lozs, romelic jer amcnobs, rom man colad unda moiyvanos mariami,
Semdeg ki angelozi amcnobs, rom igi col-SvilTan erTad egvipteSi
unda gaiqces; mogvebs, romlebic beTlemSi iesos inaxuloben da Tayvans
150 daviT SavianiZe
Tgvarovnad uyurebs sizmars da misi axsnis sakiTxs. igive das-

turdeba mecnieruli azriT. sizmris axsna, misdami damokidebu-
leba eTnografiuli masalebiTac xSirad individualuria. aRniS-
nulTan erTad swavlebis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia mecnierebaSi
gamoTqmuli azri da eTnografiul yofaSi dadasturebuli masa-
lebi ferebis, simboloebis (aRniSnul sakiTxze msjelobisaTvis
ixile: g. buRaZe, Jurnali “ciskari”, 1988, #9, gv. 153; q. xu-
ciSvili, 2009, gv. 51-52) mniSvnelobaze; gasaTvaliswinebelia
skolaSi Sesaswavl nawarmoebebSi aRwerili sizmrebis, misi sim-
boloebis da eTnografiuli masalebiT dadasturebuli sizmrebis
da misi simboloebis identuroba.
yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sizmris fenomeni
frTxil da sworad gaazrebul midgomas saWiroebs miT ufro,
rom qarTvel mweralTa nawarmoebebSi xSirad gvxvdeba arsebuli
sinamdvilis, Znelad dasaZlevi viTarebis amsaxveli, amxsneli wi-
naswarmetyveluri sizmrebi.
skolaSi Sesabamisi adgilebis swavlebisas mwerlis Canafiq-
ris (Tu ra datvriTva aqvs mis mier gamoyenebul sizmars, ra
Sinaarsi sizmris simboloebs) marTebul gagebaSi bavSvs daexma-
reba Sesabamisi donis eTnologiuri codna.
gamoyenebuli literatura
i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, 1973

d. uznaZe, folkloruli saubari, sikvdili. Sromebi, t. IX,
1986
qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1980
qarTveli mwerlebi skolaSi, w. V, nawili II, 2001
d. SavianiZe, okriba (istoriul-eTnografiuli narkvevi), 2005
scemen, sizmarSi mosdiT gafrTxileba, rom herodesTan aRar unda dab-

rundnen; sainteresoa pilate pontoelis colis sizmari. am qals,
apokrifebis mixedviT, klavdia erqva. maTes saxarebis 27-e Tavis me-19
paragrafSi pirdapir vkiTxulobT: “da roca samsjavro savarZelSi ij-
da (saubaria pilate pontoelze), colma kacis piriT SemouTvala: nu-
rafers dauSaveb mag marTals, vinaidan wuxel sizmarSi bevri vitanje
mis gamo”.
T. SioSvili, qarTuli folkloris zneobrivi samyaro, 2002

d. CubinaSvili, qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni, 1984
q. xuciSvili, sizmari rogorc komunikaciis saSualeba (eTnogra-
fiuli monacemebis mixedviT), “qarTveluri memkvid-
reoba” III, 1999
q. xuciSvili, sizmari qarTul yofaSi, 2009
Jurnali “ciskari”, 1988, @#9
qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis
masalebi
http://urakparaki.com/?m=4&ID=45705;
http://anuuushkebi.ucoz.com/blog/2009-07-07-11;
http://sisi.ge/index.php?newsid=142l.
mTxrobelebi: elisabed CitiZe-lomTaZe, anJeli xvadagiani,

mariam xvadagiani, ariadna forCxiZe-gabadaZe, julieta qaTamaZe,
izolda merkvilaZe, lola suliaSvili, lena zosiaSvili, nargi-
za ivaneiSvili, naTela merkvilaZe, TinaTin gorgiZe...
maia miqautaZe, giga qamuSaZe
sametyvelo kodTa SereviT

gamowveuli semantikuri
Taviseburebani
imerxevelTa metyvelebaSi
XVI-XVII saukuneebidan moyolebu-

li saqarTvelos istoriuli kuTxeebi:
klarjeTi, SavSeT-imerxevi, eruSeTi, la-
zeTi, speri, kola, tao... mowyvetilia
dedasamSoblos da TurqeTis respubli-
kis SemadgenlobaSia.
imerxevSi, Turqul enobriv velSi
xangrZlivi cxovrebis pirobebSi, dRemde
SenarCunebulia qarTuli ena da tradi-
ciebi, Tumca, bunebrivia, sxvadasxva enis,
mrwamsis, tradiciebis mqone qarTveli
da Turqi xalxebis mravalsaukunovani
urTierToba aisaxa ara mxolod imerxe-
velTa socialur Tu eTnografiul yo-
faze, aramed maT metyvelebazec.
saukuneebis manZilze samwignobro
qarTuls daSorebuli imerxevel qarTvel-
Ta metyveleba sainteresoa rogorc sakuT-
riv gramatikuli, aseve leqsikuri Tval-
sazrisiTac. Turquli enis gavlena met-nak-
lebad yvela doneze SeimCneva: fonetikaSi,
morfologiaSi, sintaqsSi, leqsikaSi... Tur-
quli enobrivi elementebis moZaleba gansa-
kuTrebiT leqsikaSi igrZnoba.
naSromSi ganxilulia qarTuli sa-
sametyvelo kodTa SereviT gamowveuli semantikuri Taviseburebani 153
literaturo enis imerxeul dialeqtSi qarTuli da Turquli

enebis, zogadad, kulturaTa interferenciis Sedegad da Turqu-
li enis gavleniT saerToqarTveluri leqsikuri erTeulebis se-
mantikuri cvlilebis SemTxvevebi.
imerxevel qarTvelTa metyveleba Zalze saintereso suraTs
xatavs swored sametyvelo kodebis Serevis TvalsazrisiT.
Turqul enobriv samyarosTan xangrZlivi Tanaarsebobis Se-
degad, dRes TiTqmis yvela imerxeveli (zogierTi Rrmad moxu-
cis garda) flobs saxelmwifo enas – Turquls. swavla-ganaT-
leba, bunebrivia, Turqul enazea; aseve, sakmaod xSirad iyeneben
Turquls ojaxebSi Tu Cveulebrivi yofiTi urTierTobebis
dros. imerxeulSi kod-sviCingis (ingl. Switching “gadarTva”)
xuTive ZiriTadi qvetipia warmodgenili. ramdenadac cnobilia,
kod-sviCingi spontanuri, gauazrebeli procesia da gvxvdeba mxo-
lod sruli bilingvizmis an diglosiis SemTxvevaSi. winamdebare
naSromSi yuradRebas vamaxvilebT kalkur gadarTvaze (Calque
switching), romelic gulisxmobs _ enaSi/dialeqtSi, enis/dia-
leqtis gavleniT, leqsikur-gramatikuli kalkebis spontanurad
warmoqmnas (m. labaZe, 2010, gv. 114). Ggaanalizebulia rogorc
zmnuri, aseve saxeluri fuZeebi.
saanalizod warmodgenilia 2006-2011 wlebSi akaki wereT-
lis saxelmwifo universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis
samecniero-kvleviTi institutis mier organizebuli eqspedicie-
bis dros imerxevis sxvadasxva soflebSi (iveTi, imfxrevli, qoq-
lieTi, bazgireTi, ziosi, diobani, wyalsimeri, weTileTi, sure-
vani, farnuxi...) Cawerili dialeqturi masala.
masalis mopovebis dros vafiqsirebdiT qarTveluri enob-
rivi samyarosaTvis uCveulo formebs, konteqstebsa Tu mniSvne-
lobebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi respondentebs vTxovdiT, aRniSnuli
winadadebebi Tu sityvaformebi Sesabamisi TurquliT gadmoecaT.
isini, faqtobrivad, daufiqreblad Targmnidnen magaliTebs. aR-
moCnda, rom imerxevelTa metyvelebisaTvis esoden damaxasiaTebe-
li, xolo qarTuli saliteraturo enisa Tu sxva dialeqtebi-
saTvis uCveulo, konteqstebi Tu mniSvnelobebi, swored Turqu-
li enis pirdapiri zegavlenis Sedegia.
sailustraciod ganvixiloT rogorc zmnuri, aseve saxelu-
ri fuZeebi.
gaReba – zmnuri fuZis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba imerxevelTa
metyvelebaSi, sxva qarTveluri qvesistemebis msgavsad, aris gax-
154 maia miqautiZe, giga miqautiZe
sna, gaReba. mag.: gaaRe erTi kari, gameitane cicxvi (xis didi
kovzi) da anaxe ragvaria; qalman gaaRo fenjere, gadmuagdo zir
(Zirs)...
igive zmna imerxeulSi dadasturda qarTulisaTvis uCveu-
lo konteqstebSic: buRdi fquil Tu ar gaaRebT lamazaT, biSi
ar gamocxveba; buRdi fquils gavaReb, iqSi movasxam iaR, gamu-
acxof faxlavas...
mocemul magaliTebSi gaReba forma gamoiyeneba comis gab-
rtyelebis mniSvnelobiT. aseTi mniSvnelobiT aRniSnuli zmna
sxva qarTvelur qvesistemebSi ar dasturdeba. imerxeul dialeq-
tSi comis gayvana-gabrtyelebis aRsaniSnad gaReba formis gamoye-
neba pirdapiri kalkia Turquli zmnisa açmak (gaReba, gaxsna),
romlis erT-erTi mniSvnelobacaa swored comis gabrtyeleba.
Sdr.: mag. Turq. Ün açmak – comis gabrtyeleba.
moyvana _ zmnis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba imerxevel qarTvelTa
metyvelebaSi, saliteraturo qarTulisa da sxva qarTveluri
dialeqtebis msgavsad, aris raRacis an viRacis moyvana. mag.: mo-
iyvana mezobelma i kaci, amuSavna da misca bevri fara; taias uT-
xari, momiyvane-ia Sevxedo ragvaria, or dRe ukan gevxede da fe-
na lamazad ar mohyavs i RarWi!..
igive zmna imerxevelTa metyvelebaSi, ZiriTadi mniSvnelo-
bis garda, aRniSnavs Seqmnas, gakeTebas; mag.: ase brunavs variai,
ima mohyavs iaRi [akeTebs, amzadebs karaqs]... respondentebs speci-
alurad CaveZieT, xom ar gulisxmobdnen amoyvana formas, rome-
lic aseT konteqstSi Cveulebrivia sxva qarTveluri qvesisteme-
bisaTvis. Sdr.: karaqis amoyvana, kremis amoyvana... uaryofiTi pa-
suxis miRebis Semdeg, maT vTxoveT, winadadebebi Turqulad
eTargmnaT. respondentebi iyenebdnen Turqul zmnas getirmek.
forma moyvana damzadebis, gakeTebis aRsaniSnavad qarTul
saliteraturo enasa Tu dialeqtebSi ar dasturdeba. igi kalkia
Turquli zmnuri fuZisa getirmek, romlis erT-erTi mniSvnelo-
baa swored Seqmna, warmoeba.
mikvra – imerxeul dialeqtSi zmnuri fuZis ZiriTadi
mniSvneloba, qarTuli saliteraturo enisa da sxva qarTveluri
dialeqtebis msgavsad, aris mikvra. mag.: mivida tadom (ufrosma
Zmam) da xeze miakra i kaci; miakra unda TaxTebi (ficrebi) lama-
zad ...
forma ZiriTadi mniSvnelobis garda, qarTulisaTvis uCveu-
lo konteqstebSic gvxvdeba; mag.: harfebs (asoebs) vcnobilob da
ver mimikravs-ia [erTmaneTs ver vukavSireb, vabam, vaerTeb], ro

vikiTxo... CakiTxvis Semdeg respondenti konteqstSi mimikravs
formas ase azustebs: ver mimibams-ia. mocemul magaliTSi mimik-
ravs formis gamoyeneba mibma-mierTebis aRsaniSnad aris kalki
Turquli zmna bağlamak-is, romlis mniSvnelobebia: Sekvra; mib-
ma; ganaskva; Sexveva; gaxveva; gadaxveva; SeerTeba... Sdr.: mag.: Tur-
quli boyunbağı bağlamak – halstuxis gamonaskva.
gaWra – imerxeulSi zmnuri fuZe da misgan nawarmoebi
mimReoburi formebi gaWrili, gasaWreli... qarTuli salitera-
turo enisa da sxva qarTveluri qvesistemebis msgavsad, ZiriTa-
dad, gamoiyeneba swored raRacis an viRacis gaWris aRsaniSnavad.
mag.: avad viyav, gaWrili var; unda gaWra mere i puri Suazed,
mere daWri wuril-wurilaT...
garda amisa, imerxevelTa metyvelebaSi gaWra forma aRniS-
navs sikvdils, daxocvas, amowyvetas. mag.: ar gamuslemanda da
gaWres somxebi; omi ragvaria da fena cudia, bevr insnebs gaWri-
an-ia...
mocemuli mniSvnelobiT gaWra formis gamoyeneba kalkia
Turquli zmnuri formisa biçmek (gaWra), romelsac erT-erT
gadataniT mniSvnelobad udasturdeba swored daxocva, mocelva
tyviamfrqvevis jeriT. ASdr.: mag.: Turq. Düşmanları biçmek –
mtris amoxocva.
msurs/momsurda – zmna imerxevelTa metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba
qarTuli saliteraturo enisa da sxva qarTveluri dialeqtebi-
saTvis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mniSvnelobebiT: survili, ndo-
ma. natvra. mag.: zalian surda gurjistanSi gadasvla, pasaforti
gaakeTa da wevda da; fara ver miSovnia, baTum wamevde, ise fena
msurs da vnaxoT-ia ...
amasTan, momsurda forma davadastureT gansxvavebul kon-
teqstSic: ana-babai momsurda da aqeT gamoviqeco (hyvebian qalze,
romelic baTumSi iyo gaTxovili da, sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnisa
da sazRvrebis daketvis Semdeg, TurqeTSi gaqceula, sadac dau-
patimrebiaT). mocemul magaliTSi monatrebis aRsaniSnavad mom-
surda formis gamoyeneba sxva qarTveluri qvesistemebisaTvis da-
maxasiaTebeli ar aris, vinaidan aq kargad aris diferencirebuli
sulier da usulo saganTa monatreba/mosurvebis gadmosacemad
gansxvavebuli fuZeebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi. kerZod, usulo
sagnis monatreba/mondomeba SeiZleba gadmoices msurs, minda, me-
natreba formebiT, magram rodesac adamianis monatrebazea sauba-
ri, am SemTxvevaSi mxolod momenatra forma gamoiyeneba.

sulieri sagnis monatrebis aRsaniSnavad momsurda formis
gamoyeneba pirdapiri kalkia Turquli zmnuri fuZisa arzulamak
– survili (surs), ndoma (unda), swrafva (eswrafvis), natvra
(natrulobs). Sdr.: mag.: Turq. Ailemi arzuluyorum – ojaxi me-
natreba.
gamomcxvari – imerxeul dialeqtSi mimReoburi forma,
qarTuli saliteraturo enisa da dialeqtebis msgavsad, ZiriTa-
dad aRniSnavs gamomcxvar sagans. Mmag.: anais gamomcxvari puri
fena germelia; axla martivi sobefSi vacxofT, kecefSi gamom-
cxvari ufro momwonda...
forma, ZiriTadi mniSvnelobis garda, davadastureT qarTu-
li saliteraturo enisa da sxva qarTveluri qvesistemebisaTvis
aradamaxasiaTebeli, uCveulo aRmniSvnelis rolSi. adgilobrivTa
metyvelebaSi is aRniSnavs akvanSi gazrdil bavSvs: “akvanSi gaz-
rdili baRvi gamomcxvaria”.
zmna pişmek TurqulSi aRniSnavs: moxarSva (moixarSeba);
gamocxoba; Sewva; gamowrToba (gamoiwrToba); gamowvrTna; gamoc-
dilebis SeZena. rogorc Cans, imerxeuli forma gamomcxvari-s ga-
moyeneba zemomotanil konteqstebSi warmoadgens Turquli pişmek
zmnis erT-erTi mniSvnelobisgan (gamowrToba) miRebuli mimReo-
bis kalkirebul formas. mag.: Turquli Ticarette küçükten
pişmek lazim – vaWrobaSi bavSvobidan gamowvrTnaa saWiro.
beWdis TiTi – forma araTiTis, usaxelo TiTis aRmniSvne-
lia. am TiTs Turqul saliteraturo enaSi aRniSnavs forma
adsız parmak, rac aseve iTargmneba: araTiTi, usaxelo TiTi.
sityvasityviT, forma yüzük parmağı (beWdis TiTi) davadastu-
reT Turqulis saliteraturo enis erT-erT dialeqtSi; swored
aRniSnuli formis kalkia araTiTis aRsaniSnad imerxeul dia-
leqtSi gamoyenebuli beWdis TiTi...
zemoT gaanalizebuli zmnuri Tu saxeluri fuZeebis maga-
liTze davinaxeT, rom maTi semantikuri gansxvavebuloba-Tavise-
bureba swored sametyvelo kodTa SereviT aris ganpirobebuli.
am formaTa safuZveli ki imerxevel qarTvelTa sruli bilin-
gvizmia.
ganxilulma masalam aseve aCvena, rom qarTuli enis imerxe-
ul dialeqtSi, romelic oTx saukuneze metia mowyvetilia da-
narCeni qarTulenovani samyaros gavlenas da Turqulenovan samya-
rosTan mWidro kavSiri aqvs, Turquli saliteraturo enisa Tu
dialeqtebis gavlenis Sedegad, aRmniSvnelisa da aRsaniSnis do-

neze kalkuri gadarTva spontanurad xdeba, ris Sedegadac saxeze
gvaqvs sityvaTa semantikuri cvlilebebi...
Maia Mikautadze, Giga Kamushadze

Akaki Tsereteli State University
Semantic peculiarities caused by mixing the speech codes in

Imerkhevian speech
The speech of Imerkhevian Georgians according to the mixture of

the speech codes is essentially interestings.
According to the co-existence with the Turkish lingual world
nearly all the Imerkhevians (except some elderly people) speak the state
language - Turkish. Education process is naturally in Turkish language,
and it is also used in families and everyday communication. There are all
main five subtypes of code-switching in Imerkhevian. As far as it is
known, code-switching is the spontaneous, not acknowledged process
and is met in the specific cases of bilingualism. In the given work we pay
main attention to the callque switching, that implies the spontaneous
existence of the lexical-grammar Calques in language/dialect.
The theme of analyses is the material gained by the expedition of

Kartveluri Dialectology Research Institute at Akaki Tsereteli State
University in different villages of Imerkhevi (Iveti, Impkhrevli, Korkileti,
Bazgireti, Ziosi, Diobani, Tskalsimeri, Tsetileti, Surevani, Parnuxi...) in
2006-2011.
The verb gaReba (gageba) to bring – besides its main meaning
means to create, to do. But this form with the meaning of doing and
creating is not given in Georgian literary language and dialects. It is the
calque of the Georgian verbal root getirmek, that can be defined as to
create, make something.
The form moyvana (mokvana) to stick except its main meaning are
met in the unusual contexts for the Georgian language; e.g. I know the
letters but I can’t stick (to connect with each other) them to read. In the
given example the use of this verb is the calque of the Turkish verb
bağlamak that means: to sew; to tie together; to knot; to wrap up; to
rewind; to join...
mikvra (mikvra) - Baked – form except its main meaning has
unusual meaning. In the local speech it means a child grown up in a
cradle: “Child grown up in the cradle is baked”
gamomcxvari (gamomtskhvari) -The verb pişmek in Turkish

language means: to boil; to bake; to fry; to temper; to school; to
experience. As it can be seen from the example Baked used in the given
context is the calque of the Turkish verb pişmek.
beWdis TiTi (bechdis titi) The ring finger– denotes fourth
finger, ring finger. In Turkish literary language it is adsiz parmak, has
the same translation - fourth finger, ring finger. Word for word, the form
yüzük parmağ (ring finger) is met in one of the dialects of the Turkish
language, the calque of which is revealed in Imerkhevian dialects.
The work deals with the forms of verbs and nouns, semantic
peculiarities of which are caused by mixing the codes.
Analyzes material revealed that in Imerkhevian, with the influence
of Turkish literary language and dialects, calque switching is the
spontnaneous process that resulted with the semantic changes of words.
literatura
1. bokamba-eiamba, 1989 _ George Bokamba-Eyamba, "Are there

syntactic constraints on code-mixing?". World
Englishes 8 (3): pp. 277–292; London-New York,
1989.
2. li vei, 1998 _ Li Wei, "The 'Why' and 'How' Questions in
the Analysis of Conversational Code-switching". In
Code-Switching in Conversation: Language,
Interaction, and Identity: pp. 156–176; London,
1998.
3. qlaini, 2000 _ Michael Clyne, "Constraints on code-
switching: how universal are they?" in The
Bilingualism Reader: pp. 12-30, London, 2000.”
4. Turqul-qarTuli leqsikoni – Türkçe-Gürcüce Sözlük,
İlmi kontrol ve redaksiyon Lia ÇLAİDZE, İstanbul,
2001.
5. mixeil labaZe, qarTvelur dialeqtur kodTa Serevis sa-
kiTxisaTvis murRulis xeobaSi (TurqeTis
respublika), “weliwdeuli” II, quTaisi, 2010
(gv. 114-118).
6. maia miqautaZe, sametyvelo kodebis Serevis ramdenime
sakiTxi imerxeulSi, "lingvisturi qarTvelo-
logiisa da afxazologiis aqtualuri prob-

lemebi", II Tb., 2010 (gv. 210-217).
7. maia miqautaZe, sityvawarmoebis ramdenime sakiTxisaTvis
imerxeulSi, krebuli "didaWaroba”, 2010 (gv.
92-93); Sps „sezani“.
8. maia miqautaZe, eka dadiani, kompozitTa warmoebisaT-
vis imerxeulSi (2006-2007 ww. eqspediciis
masalebis mixedviT), qarTul-Turquli kul-
turuli paralelebi I, Tb., 2009 (gv. 103-
111); gamomcemloba “meridiani“.
9. e. dadiani, m. miqautaZe - qarTul-Turquli enobriv-
kulturul urTierTobebisaTvis imerxeulSi
(dalocva-wyevlis formulebis mixedviT), qar-
Tveluri memkvidreoba, XII; quTaisi, 2008 (gv.
88-91); gamomcemloba „quTaisis saxelmwifo
universiteti“.
laSa CxartiSvili
scenur-sivrciTi metaforis
semantika robert sturuas
speqtaklSi “mefe liri”
robert sturuas konceptualuri

reJisuris umniSvnelovanesi Tviseba is
aris, rom yvelaferi _ scenografiiT
dawyebuli, mxatvruli ganaTebiT damTav-
rebuli _ erT mTavar ideas, azrs efuZ-
neba. sturuas msoflaRqma garkveuli
movlenebisa da Temebisadmi mizanscenebis
garda, upirveles yovlisa, scenografia-
Si vlindeba garkveuli niSnebis saxiT.
es sturuas Teatraluri metaforis da
niSnebis enaa. am mxriv mis SemoqmedebaSi
gamorCeuli speqtakli Seqspiris „mefe
liria“, romelic man 1987 wels dadga
rusTavelis Teatris scenaze. (mxatvari
mirian SveliZe).
Seqspiris „mefe liramde“ robert
sturuam mirian SveliZesTan erTad Seq-
mna Tavisi politikuri Teatris Sedev-
rebi, romlebic gajerebuli iyo Teatra-
luri aso-niSnebiT. mxatvar mirian Sve-
liZis filosofiurma saxviTma enam far-
To masStabiT warmogvidgina adamianis
sulieri xrwnis nairsaxeoba, rogorc
samyaros tragikuli ngrevis safuZveli.
mirian SveliZe „mefe lirSi“ inarCunebs
misTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-simboloe-
biT saubris Cvevas.
scenur-sivrciTi metaforis semantika robert sturuas speqtaklSi `mefe liri~ 161
sturua-SveliZis scenografiuli samyaro mTlianad gamo-

ricxavs yovelgvar yofiTs, Tumca yofiTi niSnebi mis speqtak-
lebSi pirdapiri daniSnulebis garda, simbolur-metaforul
datvirTvas iZens. „mefe lirSi“ scenografiuli sivrce gadawyve-
tilia, rogorc ganzogadoebuli samoqmedo adgili, xolo Seq-
spiris Sexeduleba samyaroze _ „mTeli samyaro Teatria“ _ gan-
saxierebulia dekoraciebSi, romlebic agrZeleben realur Teat-
ralur ares – rusTavelis Teatris darbazs, iarusebs da sxva
Teatraluri arqiteqturis komponentebs; „finalSi personaJuli
scenografiis funqcia savsebiT mJRavndeba, iarusebis konstruq-
cia iSleba mayureblisaken, rogorc liris samyaros CaZiruli
gemi, xolo dekoraciebis amoZravebuli masebi aRiqmeba gordon
kregis „tragikuli geometriis“ garkveul reminiscenciad“ [kuz-
necova-gunia 2005:33]. maRali tragediis paTosi, romliTac gamo-
irCeva „mefe liris“ scenografia, warmoaCens mxatvris tragi-
kul msoflaRqmas, mis mcdelobas, SemoqmedebiTad gaiazros war-
mavali epoqa, idealebis msxvreva da dasasrulis dasawyisi.
formisTvis „Teatri TeatrSi“ mxatvarma zust, adekvatur

da originalur sivrciT gadawyvetas mimarTa. „mirian SveliZis
scenografiac TiTqos scenasa da mayurebelTa darbazs erT
mTlianobaSi kravs, ufro sworad, rusTavelis Teatris mayure-
belTa darbazi TiTqos sarkiseburad aisaxeba scenaze. es princi-
pi Semdgom viTardeba, oRond ukve sxva TvalsazrisiT. gloste-
ris ojaxuri da pirovnuli tragedia, TiTqos liris tragikuli
istoriis sarkiseburi asaxvaa“, – miaCnia Teatrmcodne manana ge-
geWkors [gegeWkori 1993:64] .
mayurebelTa darbazisa da scenis gaerTianeba Caketil siv-

rces qmnis, erTgvar wres, romlis SigniTac moqceulan „liris
Teatris“ msaxiobebi da mayurebeli. isini uneblieT aRmoCndnen
sacirko arenaze. scena TiTqos carielia. centrSi samefo taxti
- saxrCobela dgas, masze maimuni zis. igi TiTqos cinikurad
dahyurebs am saSinel qveyanas, sadac sisastikisa da Suris meti
araferi darCenila. adamianTa sulSi Rrmad Camarxuli, miZinebu-
li zneobisa da humanizmis namsxvrevebi veraviTari Zalis zemoq-
medebis Sedegad ver gamofxizldeba. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom
scenidan xan grgvinva moismis, xan damabrmaveblad aelvardeba si-
162 laSa CxartiSvili
naTle, xan raRac mrisxaned gugunebs, TiTqos miwisZvra iwyebao.

sruli qaosi gamefebula. grgvinva, TvalismomWreli sinaTle, de-
damiwis guguni _ swored esaa gafrTxileba, romelsac TiTqos
raRac zegardmo Zala iZleva, raTa adamianebi gons moegon, dau-
fiqrdnen TavianT saqciels, mis Seclas Seecadnon, gaanalizon
da gaacnobieron sakuTari qmedebebi da am qmedebiT gamowveuli
Sedegebi, magram yovelive amaoa.
marTalia, adamianebs eSiniaT, am ZalTa gamovlena maT pani-

kaSi agdebT, magram maTi moqmedebis Secvla ukve sruliad SeuZ-
lebelia, samyaro katastrofisken mieqaneba. Seqspiris scenuri
interpretaciebis mkvlevars paola uruSaZes miaCnia, rom Tval-
sazrisi liris „universalurobaze“, mis apokalifsur „mocemu-
lobaze“ TvalsaCinod aris gamoxatuli speqtaklis scenografi-
aSi: „mxatvari aerTianebs mayurebelTa darbazs scenasTan, qmnis
TiTqmis Caketil sivrces, romelSic dekoraciebi darbazis inte-
rieris mxolod ramdenime saxeSecvlil ganmeorebas warmoadgens~
[uruSaZe 1988:75].
scenis marjvena naxevarsfero, ise rogorc mrude sarke,

mayurebelTa darbazis anarekls warmoadgens. reJisorma da mxat-
varma am formiT mayurebeli TiTqos saTeatro amfiTeatrSi moaq-
cies. Caketili wridan verc msaxiobebi da verc mayurebeli Tavs
ver daaRweven. mayurebeli avtomaturad erTveba moqmedebaSi, ro-
gorc meTvalyure, rogorc monawile am tragediisa. am formiT
reJisori mayurebels liris totaluri saxelmwifos moqalaqed
aqcevs. swored amas gulisxmobda paola uruSaZe, rodesac wer-
da: „Cvens winaSea qveyana, romelSic Sesvla jer kidev SesaZle-
belia, magram iqedan gamosavali aRar aris. aq (ise, rogorc te-
nesi uiliamsis „kamino realSi“) TiTqosda, SemTxveviT „SeaRwia“
kentma (msaxiobi murman jinoria), sxva samyaros adamianma da
Cvenc TiTqosda misi TvaliT vakvirdebiT saxelmwifos gayofis
ritualis samzadiss, romelSic erTnairad Semosili usaxuri
adamianebi monawileoben“ [uruSaZe 1988:75].
speqtaklis sivrculi gadawyveta naTlad xatavs im samya-

ros, romelsac reJisori moqmedebiT warmoadgens. mkacri kanone-
bis da totaluri saxelmwifos gamoxatvis mcdelobaa dekoraci-
is yvela detalSi. mag., samefo taxti, romelsac fuZed dazga
emsaxureba. „kacobriobis istoriaSi es sagnebi mtkiced aris „ga-

dajaWvuli“ erTmaneTTan, adamianTa xelebi da goneba mravali sa-
ukunis manZilze erTgul samsaxurs uwevda Zalauflebasa da
sikvdils, da is iaraRic, romlis afeTqeba „aTas mzeze kaSkaSa“
naTebas warmoSobs, maTi Seqmnilia. scenis marcxena mxaris gas-
wvriv liandagebis Zelakebi hkidia. es rkinis qanqarebi gamudme-
biT moZraoben da mxolod isini amxelen am erTi cida miwis mo-
nakveTze adamianze amxedrebuli bunebis Zalas, qariSxlis scena-
Si swored maTSia koncentrirebuli gamZvinvarebuli stiqiis
mTeli mrisxaneba, maT nel da mZime rxevaSi, da bolos saxrCobe-
laze mokalaTebuli maimuni, koSmaruli moCveneba, romelsac
„gonebis Zili“ warmoSobs, is damRupveli Zili, romlis Sedega-
dac isadgurebs sicariele, qaosi“ [uruSaZe 1988:76].
simboloebi, metaforebi, da zogadad, alegoriuli azrov-

neba robert sturuas konceptualuri reJisuris umniSvnelova-
nesi Semadgeneli nawilia. scenaze xSirad vxvdebiT butaforiul
statikur nivTebs, romlebic sturuas simbolur-metaforuli
azrovnebis detalebia, magram xSir SemTxvevaSi speqtaklis ideu-
ri gadawyvetis gasaRebic xdeba. Teatris mkvlevrebSi konkretu-
li simbolo cxare kamaTis da dapirispirebis saganic ki gamxda-
ra.
simbolurad anawilebs liri samefos. mas inglisis ruka

uWiravs xelSi da ingliss pirobiTad, sam nawilad hyofs. mTeli
samefo sturuam sami furclis patara naglejSi moaqcia, amiT
xazi gausva liris damokidebulebas am formaluri aqtisadmi. is
ambobs: „gadavwyvite nebieri sibere mqondes, de axalgazrdebma
zidon mZime tvirTi samefos marTvis da izrunon masze“ [Seqspi-
ri 1986: 123], Tan dasZens imas, rac isedac yvelam icis, rom mis
survils win veravin aRudgeba.
erTi SexedviT, ucxo da ucnauri, TiTqos Seusabamo deta-
lebi TandaTan orazrovan simbolur Sinaars iZenen: Tundac li-
andagi (Cixi vagonetiT, imave qoxiT), liris saboloo sadgurad
rom iqceva da mis gamouval mdgomareobas gamoxatavs. liandagi
ki asociacias aRZravda sabWoTa kavSiris dros xalxis gadasax-
lebasa da daxvretasTan. aseve taxti-saxrCobela, romelzec ki-
dia yoveli maTganis bedi (cxadia, warmosaxviTi), sinamdvileSi
ki qvabi, romelSic codva duRs da gadmoduRs.
sturuas „mefe liris“ umTavresi simboluri butaforiuli

atributi galiaa, romelic scenaze lirs Semoqvs misi gamoCenis
pirvelive epizodSi. vasil kiknaZis azriT, galia es „kordelias
gamomwyvdeuli sulia“ [kiknaZe 1987: 19], TiTqos axirebaa mefis
xelSi kverTxis nacvlad galia CitiT. grZeli da grZneuli pau-
zis Semdeg liri gamodis asparezze, romlis atributi galiaa,
oRond SemTxveviT ki ara, misive replikidan „gamoWedili“. ro-
bert sturuas Semoqmedebis mkvlevari dali mumlaZe wers: „li-
ri im CitiviTaa galiaSi gamoketili, romelic lirs Semoaqvs
scenaze, Semdeg mziTvis sanacvlod atans sakaro ritualis xel-
yofis gamo gaZevebul kordilias. igi adamianis sulis karibWes-
Tan modaraje im „samoTxis Citad“ Tu „lurj frinvelad“ aRiq-
meba, marad da yvelagan Tan rom sdevs adamians, rogorc misi ar-
sebis is saswaulebrivi niWi da unari, romelsac Tavad unda mi-
agnos, Cawvdes da didi sicocxlisTvis gareT gamoixmos“ [mumla-
Ze... 1987:25].
galia erTgvari sapyrobilecaa, romelSic datyvevebuli Ci-

ti-kordiliaa gamomwyvdeuli. qarTveli Seqspirologi niko yia-
saSvili galias kordiliasTan aigivebs. igi werda: „galia da Ci-
ti TiTqos kordilias simboloa (Tanac es namdvili, cocxali
Citia, romelic „ebaaseba“ lirs, „TamaSobs“ da Tan imdenad sim-
boluria, rom arc aRiqmeba, rogorc naturalisturi elementi),
amitom ar aviwydeba kordilias, es erTaderTi „mziTevi“Tan wai-
Ros safrangeTSi da finalSi, roca lirs uWirs Tavisi qaliSvi-
lis cnoba, kenti mas galiaSi gamomwyvdeuls daanaxvebs da am
Taviseburi „fsiqoanalitikuri seansis“ wyalobiT gaaxsenebs usa-
marTlod gandevnil Svils“ [yiasaSvili 1987].
galia speqtaklSi lirisa da kordilias sulis unazesi

kavSiris gamomxatvelicaa. galia rom kordiliasTan asocirdeba,
mxolod imiT rodi dasturdeba, rom lirisgan gandevnil kordi-
lias safrangeTSi swored es galia miaqvs, aramed imisaTvis, rom
„avadmyofi“ liri, jer kidev buranSi myofi, galias miSterebu-
li warmoTqvams: „mapatie, Seminde Svilo.“ lirsve ekuTvnis Sem-
degi sityvebi: „sjobs, rom axlave gamogvketon samyaroSi, ro-
gorc Citebi galiaSi, ise vicxovrebT da vigalobebT“ [Seqspiri
1986:176]. mweralma giorgi xuxaSvilma liris galiaSi cxovre-
bis maradiulobis niSani dainaxa: „TevziT da CitiT gaCenili
samyaros asociaciebi ise ubralod ibadeba, TiTqos milion

wlebs ar gaevlos dedamiwaze, arc idos drois zRvari pirvel-
yofilsa da dRevandel kacs Soris“ [xuxaSvili 1987:34].
pirvelive scenaSi vxvdebiT peplis, Tu Tevzis saWer bades,

romelic, amjerad, kordilias Semoaqvs. es rekviziti, ise ro-
gorc galia, or personaJs: lirsa da kordilias Soris monac-
vleobs. dali mumlaZis azriT, bade, romelic lirs xelSi uWi-
ravs, erTgvari „tyveobis iaraRia. lirma mSvenivrad icis isic,
rom am badeSi TviTonacaa gamomwyvdeuli didi TevziviT. am idei-
dan modis swored aRniSnul scenaSi ramaz CxikvaZe-liris iro-
niul, umal sarkastuli toni“ [mumlaZe...1987:13].
samefos ganawilebis scenis dasrulebis Semdeg bade glos-

ter-edmundis xelSi aRmoCndeba, romelic speqtaklis bolomde
rCeba liris da kordilias atributad, xolo Tevzis saWer ba-
des ki glosterisa da edmundis xelSi davinaxavT. am detaliT
reJisori da mxatvari kidev erTxel usvamen xazs liris tragi-
kuli istoriis paralelizms glosteris istoriasTan.
„liris Teatris“ warmodgenas Tavidanve eswreba „cxovre-
bis Teatris“ qandaraze Semomjdari „maradiuli mayurebeli“ –
swored mayurebelia moTvalTvale, utyvi mowme im sabediswero
TamaSis, ZlierTa ama qveynisaTa rom gaumarTavT; mis am Caurev-
lobasa da indiferentizmSi ganiWvriteba samyarosa da adamianis
tragikuli aRsasruli. „am krebiT personaJs fexqveS ecleba nia-
dagi, engreva arc Tu ise myarad nagebi bude qandaraze. saxrCobe-
laze atyorcniliviT rCeba caSi gamokidebuli da es scenuri me-
tafora aRiqmeba, rogorc damsaxurebuli sasjeli Cadenili da-
naSaulisTvis“ [mumlaZe...1987:17].
Tumca „maradiuli personaJis“ funqciam azrTa sxvadasxva-

oba mainc gamoiwvia Teatrmcodneebs Soris. Teatris zogierTi
mkvlevari masSi gulisxmobs reJisors, zogi „liris Teatris“
ukanasknel mayurebels, romelic boloSi, sxvebTan erTad samya-
ros qaosSi dainTqmeba. Teatris mkvlevar nodar gurabaniZes mi-
aCnia, rom es personaJi personificirebul _ moTvalTvale sazo-
gadoebis metaforaa. misi azriT, „uTuod raRac Sinauruli kav-
Siri arsebobs am „mayurebelsa“ da saxrCobelas Tavze wamom-
jdar grZelkudian maimuns Soris. maTi „maradiuli yofna“ li-
ris samyaroSi SeiZleba swored cxovrebis warmavlobas gulis-

xmobdes da gamoxatavdes skepsiss adamianur dramaTa, vnebaTa ama-
oebis gamo“ [gurabaniZe 1997:555].
„mefe lirSi“ vxvdebiT iseT niSnebs, romlebic reJisoris

sxva adrindel speqtaklebSic („seilemis procesi“ (1965), „yvar-
yvare“ (1974), „kavkasiuri carcis wre“ (1975), „riCard III“
(1979), „as ergasis dRe“ (1985)) gvxdeba. es aris skami. sturu-
asTan uaryofilia yovelgvari samefo taxti. aq misi adgili ub-
ralo skams uWiravs, romelic taxtis funqcias zedmiwevniT
kargad iTavsebs. „scenaze Camwkrivebuli carieli skamebi „li-
ris“ pirvel scenaSi gamoucnobis molodiniT gvavsebs, – werda
nodar gurabaniZe, _ auxsnel SiSs da krZalvas gvinergavs. aq
raRac mniSvnelovani unda moxdes - fexakrebiT, Cumad, mosiaru-
le glosteri (msaxiobi avTo maxaraZe) da edmundi (msaxiobi aka-
ki xidaSeli) kidev ufro amZafreben am metaforul SiSs, xolo
roca edmundi skamebs Soris daiCoqebs da raRac sagans ipovis,
es warmoSobs mistiur SiSs“ [gurabaniZe 1997:521].
uZveles „sagan arqetipTa“ rigs miekuTvneba agreTve kibe.

ritualebSi da folklorul TamaSobebSi kibes metaforulad
gamoxatavs kavSir mdabals, qveda sknelsa (qvesknels) da amaRle-
buls (zesknels) Soris. amgvarad gaazrebul kibes vxedavT
„lirSi“. edmundia (msaxiobi akaki xidaSeli) kibis „saganTa Ta-
maSSi“ CamrTveli. mudam amaRlebisken, gandidebisken miswrafebu-
li edmundi kibeze Semdgari (romelic SavebSi Cacmul or msa-
xurs uWiravs) gviziarebs xolme Tavis sanukvar ocnebebs. amave
kibeze Semdgari elaparakeba „maRla“ scenis loJaSi gadamalul
Tavis Zmas edgars (msaxiobi gia ZnelaZe), TviT edgaris gaqceva
mamiseuli saxlidan am kibis meSveobiT xdeba. maRali loJidan
kibeebze dauSveben edgars, tomaraSi gaaxveven da pirdapir uf-
skrulSi – qveda sknelSi CauSveben. amave azrs aviTarebs xelov-
nebaTmcodne maia gurabaniZe Tavis naSromSi: „yvaryvare“ da axali
etapi qarTul scenografiaSi“: avtori kibes sxva datvirTvas
aniWebs da Seqspiris metaforaTa logikur nawilad miiCnevs. igi
wers: „robert sturuas speqtaklebSi moqmedeba sam sibrtyeze
mimdinareobs, rac qvesknelis, zesknelis da sknelis mniSvnelo-
biTaa gamoyenebuli. es „sknelebi“, rogorc wesi, erTmaneTs ukav-
Sirdebian kibeebiT („yvaryvare“ (1974), „mefe liri“ (1987), To-
kiT („seCuaneli keTili adamiani“ (1969), „lamara“(1997), saqane-

liT („makbeti“ (1995).“ [gurabaniZe 2006:67]. maSasadame, kibe is
saSualebaa, romelic adamians akavSirebs samyaros sam sknelTan.
simbolur-pirobiTia „liris Teatris“ msaxiobTa sasceno

kostiumebi. kostiumebis simbolur-metaforuli funqcia „mefe
lirSi“ kidev ufro masStaburad aris warmodgenili. aq ukve
mTavari sasaxlea „unificirebuli“ _ vidre liris tirania
mZvinvarebs, yvelani erTnair, asketur samosSi arian gamowyobi-
lebi, rogorc ki samefo iSleba, sadave eSveba qveSevrdomTa
morCilebasac da zenits aRwevs gamofituli sulierebis kidev
ufro daknineba, simdidrisa da gancxromis gafetiSeba. mxatvari
yvela personaJs ucvlis samoss, romelic logikurad ukavSirde-
ba maTi xasiaTis cvlilebebsac. liris qaliSvilebi gonerila da
regana asketur tanisamosSi, ucnaur uniformaSi gamowyobilebi
Cndebian samefos ganawilebis scenaSi. rogorc ki isini Tavisuf-
lebas moipoveben da mefisgan damoukideblebi xdebian, myisve sxva
kostiumSi gvevlinebian. gonerila aRmosavlur, Tavisufal tani-
samosSi wardgeba mayureblis winaSe. „aq mxatvari Seubraleblad
dascinis usulo mdidarTa „fantazias“, gansakuTrebiT, mamis
uarmyofel qaliSvilTa kostiumebis saxiT“ [kuxianiZe 2001:42].
mamis diqtaturisgan gaTavisuflebuli liris qaliSvilebi sce-
naze Wrel, TiTqmis ugemovno samosSi Cndebian.
sanam qveyanaSi liria mmarTveli, yvela mis qveSevrdoms

usaxo da uferuli uniforma acvia. amiT reJisori da mxatvari
garegnuladac ki usvamen xazs imas, rom mefis tiranuli mmar-
Tvelobis mizani adamianis pirovnebis daTrgunva, yvelas gaTanab-
rebaa. unificirebis es procesi yvelaze mkafiod swored Cacmu-
lobaSi vlindeba da iwyeba samyaros daSla-daqucmaceba. magram
rogorc ki liri samefos hyofs, misi erTmmarTveloba ispoba.
adamianTa tkboba miRebuli TavisuflebiT ukve veraviTar saz-
RvrebSi veRar eteva da srul aRviraxsnilobaSi gadadis. amis
gamosaxatavad mxatvari araCveulebrivad lamaz, feradovan, sxva-
dasxva epoqisa da stilis kostiumebiT mosavs Tavis gmirebs“
[gegeWkori 1993:66].
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom erTnairi kostiumebi mxolod li-

ris samefos wevrebs acviaT, imaT viszec liris mmarTveloba
vrceldeba. burgundiis mTavari (msaxiobi guram saRaraZe) da

safrangeTis mefe (msaxiobi soso laRiZe) tradicul, erovnul
samosSi Cacmulebi Semodian, maT kostiumebs saerTo ara aqvT sa-
saxleSi mcxovreb didgvarovanTa CacmulobasaTan.
speqtaklis apokalifsuri finali iyo metafora Zaladoba-

ze agebuli saxelmwifos ngrevis, xolo liris fizikuri sicoc-
xle kidev ufro tragikuls xdida am metaforis arss. Teat-
rmcodne vaxtang qarTveliSvils miaCnda, rom liri sturuas in-
terpretaciaSi cocxali unda darCeniliyo. „gaevlo mowamebrivi
gza da tanjvaSi aRexila Tvalebi. am aqtis gansaxorcieleblad
ramaz CxikvaZis gmiri TiTqos brundeba bavSvobaSi. mxolod bav-
Svurad cnobismoyvare lirs SeiZleboda gasCenoda kiTxva: „mainc
ra iwvevs Weqa-quxils?“, speqtaklSi igi TandaTan axalgazrdav-
deba kidec, fizikuradac TandaTan ufro mxned gamoiyureba-Tu
pirvelad gamofratunda scenaze, mere xeljoxze amxedrebulic
ki darbis“ [mumlaZe...1987:23].
sturuam moaxerxa, masStaburad gadmoeca da gaeazrebina

liris tragediis arsi. Tuki evropaSi misi winamorbedi saxelo-
vani reJisorebi lirs „yvelasgan mitovebuls“ xatavdnen (mxo-
lod jorjo streleris speqtaklSi SeiniSneba am miTis mciredi
ngreva-transformaciaa), evropulma Teatrma, kerZod ki _ qar-
Tvelma sturuam XX saukunis miwuruls liris istoriis axa-
li miTis Seqmna SeZlo.
amrigad, sturuas speqtaklSi „mefe liri“ vxvdebiT niS-

nebs, romlebic metaforul-simbolur datvirTvas Seicavs da
speqtaklis konceptualuri gadawyvetis mTavari instrumentebia.
Tamar kiknaveliZe
patris pavis „Teatraluri

leqsikonis“ mniSvneloba
Tanamedrove
TeatrmcodneobaSi
dRes drosa da sivrceSi ganvrco-

bili, sityviT Tu plastikiT gadmocemu-
li warmodgenebi ganixileba erTgvar
Setyobinebad, romlis gamtarebel–gamav-
rcelebelic Teatraluri jgufia, xolo
mimRebi, gnebavT, adresati – Teatralu-
ri mayurebeli. Tanamedrove publika gan-
sakuTrebul interess iCens araverbalu-
ri sanaxaobebisadmi, romelTa gamomsaxve-
lobac sityvaze ki ar aris dafuZnebu-
li, aramed gamosaxvis sxva enaze, xer-
xebsa da formebze. warmodgenaTa semio-
tikurma kvlevam rom udidesi mniSvne-
loba SeiZina, samagaliTod cnobili
frangi Teoretikosis – patris pavis da
misi Sromebis, gamorCeulad ki, „Teatra-
luri leqsikonis“ dasaxelebac kmara,
razec ufro dawvrilebiT mogvianebiT
visaubreb. manamde Teatris semiotikuri
Seswavlis mimarTulebiT dagrovil ga-
mocdilebas Zalian mokled gagacnobT.
Teatris semiotikur kvlevas xan-
grZlivi istoria ara aqvs. am mimarTu-
lebiT gamorCeulia, ZiriTadad, sami
skola: polonuri, italiuri da frangu-
li, romelTagan TiToeulma saxeli
170 Tamar kiknaveliZe
calkeul mecnierTa naSromebisa da kvlevebis Sedegad gaiTqva.

dramisa da Teatris semiotikuri Seswavla XX saukunis
30-ian wlebSi, ufro zustad ki _ 1931-1941 wlebSi, praRis
lingvisturi wris warmomadgenelTa mier daiwyo. axali mimarTu-
lebis fuZemdeblebi iyvnen: otakar zixi (1879-1934), ian mukar-
Jovski (1891-1975) da piotr bogatirevi (1893-1971). zixma Ta-
vis „dramatuli xelovnebis esTetikaSi“ (praRa, 1931 weli), xo-
lo mukarJovskim statiebSi, wina planze Teatris fenomenis ni-
SanTa sistemis Seswavla daayena. kompozitori da pedagogi ota-
kar zixi ganixilavda dramas, rogorc wminda Teatralur movle-
nas, Camoyalibebuls optikuri da akustikuri niSnebisgan. „niSan-
Ta“ sistemis Seswavlas mniSvnelovani adgili praRis wris erT-
erTma wamyvanma Teoretikosma, piotr bogatirevmac miuZRvna.
xelovnebis dargebis „enaTa“ semiotikuri koncefcia, gasu-
li saukunidan moyolebuli, ramdenime mecnierma Camoayaliba.
erT-erTi gaxldaT cnobili frangi Teoretikosi, kritikosi da
semiotikosi rolan barti (1915-1980), romlis mosazrebiTac,
ena, lingvisturi gagebiT, literaturis masalaa, maSin rodesac
„xmovani ena“ Teatraluri xelovnebis „sakuTrebaa“.
Tavdapirvelad, Teatraluri „niSnis“ gagebis ori koncep-
cia arsebobda: analitikuri da integracionaluri, sadac Teat-
ralur niSanTa erTobliobas ganixilavdnen. erTmaneTTan mWid-
rod dakavSirebul orive koncepciaze werda ana iubersfeldi
(1918–2010) wignSi „Teatris Sesaxeb“. aRsaniSnavia, rom ana iu-
bersfeldi swored is avtoria, romelsac patris pavis „Teatra-
luri leqsikonis“ winasityvaoba ekuTvnis.
verbaluri da araverbaluri niSnebis matarebeli xelovnebis
Sesaxeb italiuri skolis warmomadgenlebic werdnen. Tumca, ga-
morCeuli da gacilebiT Camoyalibebuli warmodgena Teatraluri
semiotikiT dainteresebulT mainc franguli skolis warmomadgen-
lebma Seuqmnes naSromebiT, romelTa mimarTac interesi ar qreba.
amis magaliTia, Tundac, zemoT ukve naxsenebi ana iubersfeldi,
romelic, sxvebis msgavsad, cdilobda ganesazRvra da daedgina
speqtaklis minimaluri semiotikuri erTeuli. sabolood ki iseT
daskvnamde mivida, rom Teatraluri ena Zalian rTuli qsovilia
da minimaluri erTeulis dadgena TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.
zemoT CamoTvlili mecnierebis mcdelobaTa Seswavla–gaana-
lizeba calke kvlevis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes. maT gamocdilebasa
da Sromebs, rogorc Cans, ukvalod ar Cauvlia, ramdenadac Tana-
patris pavis `Teatraluri leqsikonis~ mniSvneloba... 171
medroveni, romlebic semiotikis mimarTulebiT muSaoben, TavianT

naSromebSi TiToeulis damsaxurebasac aRniSnaven da maT mosaz-
rebebsac xSirad imowmeben.
dRes ukve Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Teatris semioti-
kuri kvleva da franguli skola ver ganviTardeboda, rom ara
Tanamedrove Teatris mkvlevari, Teoretikosi da kritikosi pat-
ris pavi da misi ,,Teatraluri leqsikoni“ (1980), „Teatraluri
semiologiis problemebi“ (1976), ,,Teatri kulturis gadakveTa-
ze“ (1990) da a.S. SromebSi mecnieri Teatraluri niSnis prob-
lematikaze xazgasmiT saubrobs da svams SekiTxvebs, razec Tana-
medrove mkvlevrebi da Teatrmcodneebi kritikul Tu publicis-
tur werilebSi xSirad vsaubrobT. manamde Tu kiTxvebis dasmasa
da kiTxviTi niSnis gamoyenebas mecnierebi eridebodnen da Teat-
ralur niSanTa sistemis Camoyalibebasa da zed zusti gansaz-
Rvrebebis miyolebas cdilobdnen, patris pavi Teoretikos andre
elboze ufro mkafiod da sayuradRebod gvekiTxeba: – „arsebobs
ki Teatris semiotika?“ Tumca, misi winamorbedisgan gansxvavebiT,
pavis SekiTxva ritorikuli ar aris da mis mier Catarebuli
kvlevebic swored dasmul SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis yvelaze
warmatebul cdebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
vidre patris pavis „Teatraluri leqsikonis“ mniSvneloba-
ze gavamaxvilebde yuradRebas, aRvniSnav, rom andre elbo Teat-
ris specifikurobas mis sam TaviseburebaSi _ dadgmaSi, drama-
turgiasa da droze sivrcis dominirebaSi xedavda. amas ematebo-
da dramaturgiuli intuiciis mniSvneloba, msaxiobisa da scenog-
rafis gansakuTrebuli roli. elbo aRniSnavs, rom niSnebi gar-
kveul tipologias unda daeqvemdebaros. amasTan, niSnebi iyofa
simptomebad, xatebad, indeqsebad, simboloebad, saxelwodebebad
da a.S. amis garda, TeatrSi gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs ste-
reotipebi, e.i. aRniSnul elementTa nakrebi, ganmtkicebuli tra-
diciiTa da dakavSirebuli gansazRvrul mniSvnelobasTan. magali-
Tad, stereotips gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs Comedia del
arte-s dramaturgiaSi.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovili codnisa da kvlevebis maga-
liTze, mecnierebma gamoitanes daskvnebi, rom Teatraluri semio-
logia – es aris analizis meTodi da / an warmodgenebi, rac maT
formalur struqturas faravs, ganixilavs ra ganviTarebis dinami-
kasa da niSanTa formirebis procesis aRdgenas, romelic speqtak-
lis Semqmnelisa da publikis monawileobis gareSe ver warimarTeba.
ra aris Tanamedrove Teatraluri semiologiis mTavari sa-

kiTxi? minimaluri semiologiuri erTeulis gansazRvra, anu is,
Tu ra SeiZleba miviRoT da sruliad marTebulad miviCnioT niS-
nad Teatralur xelovnebaSi. am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas po-
lonuri, italiuri da franguli skolebis warmomadgnelebi
didxans cdilobdnen da SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mocemuli sakiTxi
sabolood gadawyvetili jer kidev ar aris. Tumca, ana iuber-
sfeldisgan gansxvavebiT, mecnierebi kvlevebs ganagrZoben. prob-
lemaze saubrisas xSirad axseneben sirTuleebs, rac Teatralu-
ri xelovnebis aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT kvlevas arTulebs da
ufro fragmentuls xdis. TeatrSi niSnebi SeiZleba nebismieri
sxva niSanTa sistemidan gamoiyenon, riTac mocemuli sferos ana-
lizi Zneldeba. amasTan, TeoretikosTa azriT, TeatrSi niSnebi
sufTa saxiT iSviaTad Cndeba, TiToeuli CarTulia gamomsaxve-
lobiTi saSualebebis (intonacia, mimika, moZraoba, grimi da a.S.)
erTian kompleqsSi. poloneli semiologis TadeuS kovzanis kon-
cefciis Tanaxmad, Teatraluri nawarmoebis analizi SeiZleba
vertikaluri an horizontaluri dayofiT, speqtaklis xazobriv
erTeulebad danawevrebiT, an gansaxvavebul sistemaTa niSnebis
Tanwyobis gamoyofiT. kovzanma gamoyo 13 niSniani sistema, rome-
lic Semdeg 5 jgufad gaaerTiana: 1. teqstis warmoTqma: (metyve-
leba, toni), 2. msaxiobis moZraoba (mimika, moZraoba, msaxiobis
moZraoba sasceno sivrceSi), 3. msaxiobis garegnuli saxe (grimi,
varcxniloba, kostiumi), 4. scenis iersaxe (aqsesuarebi, dekora-
ciebi, ganaTeba), 5. xmis araverbaluri efeqtebi (musika, xmovani
efeqtebi); Tumca, aRniSnuli Teoria, ZiriTadad, primitivizmis
gamo, negatiurad iqna aRqmuli.
cnobil TeoretikosTa CamonaTvalSi ar SeiZleba ar vaxse-

noT vsevolod meierxoldi (1874–1940), romelic amtkicebda,
rom Teatrs SeuZlia komunikacia daamyaros ara sityvebTan Se-
TanxmebiT, aramed maTgan damoukideblad da samagaliTod yveba:
ori adamiani saubrobs amindze, xelovnebaze. mesames ki, romelic
maT gverdidan akvirdeba, SeuZlia zustad gansazRvros, Tu vin
arian es adamianebi erTmaneTisTvis. amis gansazRvra ki JestebiT
da sxeulis moZraobiT SeuZlia. Jestebi, pozebi, gamoxedvebi,
dumili adamianTa urTierTdamokidebulebis sinamdvilis maniSne-
belia. sityva smenisTvis, plastika – mxedvelobisTvis. meier-
xoldis azriT, mayurebelze xedviTi da smeniTi STabeWdilebebi
moqmedebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, semiotikur enad iTvleba ara mxo-

lod sityva, aramed misi ararsebobac, anu dumili.
patris pavim Teatraluri teqstebis kvlevaSi gamoiyena
konkretizacia, funqcionireba, teqstis odeologizacia da teq-
stualuri ideologia. masTan gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania pir-
veli gageba, anu konkretizacia. pavi konkretizaciis sakuTar
programas gvTavazobs da ambobs, rom aucilebelia „gaugebari
zonebis“ gansazRvra, maTi identifikacia da lokalizacia teq-
stSi. Teatralur xelovnebaSi niSani xSirad gamoiyeneba, ramde-
nadac Tavad sasceno xelovnebis buneba gvTavazobs situaciebs,
movlenebs, romlebic mniSvnelovania mxolod gansazRvrul momen-
tSi. cnobili andazis Tanaxmad, Tu scenaze pirvel moqmedebaSi
kidia iaraRi, mesameSi aucileblad unda gaisrolos! amis miuxe-
davad, „Teatraluri niSani“ ar aris gamokveTili, naTeli, ram-
denadac sasceno dadgmaSi SeuZlebelia izolireba im minimaluri
niSnisa, romelic misi sazomi erTeuli iqneboda. am dros niSani
SeiZleba iyos „skami“, magram, aseve, „dadgmuli skami“, msaxiobi,
magram, aseve, msaxiobis Jesti, fraza, mis mier naTqvami, dekora-
ciis elementi, magaliTad: kibe da a.S. niSani aseve SeiZleba
iyos: sityva, ganmeorebiTi sityvebi, fraza, riTma da a.S.
patris pavis damokidebulebis mixedviT, TiToeuli dadgmis
TiToeuli warmodgena aris unikaluri, ar meordeba da, aqedan
gamomdinare, moiTxovs Zalian individualur, gaTTvicnobierebul
da mgrZnobiare mayurebels, romelic erTi warmodgenis erTi ga-
numeorebeli Cvenebis dros Tavmoyril niSanTa sistemis zemoqme-
debis Zalas SeigrZnobs.
misi komentarebiT aris gajerebuli „Teatraluri leqsiko-
ni“, romelic parizSi 1987 wels gamoica, xolo rusulad 1991
wels iTargmna da moskovSi daibeWda. misi Sesavali, rogorc uk-
ve aRvniSne, saxelwodebiT _ „winasityvaobis nacvlad“, ana iu-
bersfelds ekuTvnis.
patris pavisTan Teatri ganxilulia, rogorc kodirebuli

praqtika. Sesabamisad, „kodebis“ gaSifrva aucilebelia. leqsiko-
ni, romelic Teatris istoriis, avtorebisa da nawarmoebebis
cnobari ar gaxlavT, iTvaliswinebs Teatraluri formebis evo-
luciasa da meTodebs imisaTvis, rom isini daafiqsiros. naSrom-
Si avtori cdilobs gamoavlinos arsi Tanamedrove revoluciis,
romelic humanitarul mecnierebebSi xdeba da mxolod erTi Te-
atraluri disciplinis sazRvrebs scdeba. mxatvruli universu-

mis kvlevis axali instrumenti xdeba lingvistika da semiotika,
sadac erTmaneTs erwymis enobrivi saSualebebi da nebismiseri
usityvo mxatvruli praqtika. misTvis Teatri warmoadgens yve-
laze gansxvavebuli vizualuri, xmovani, statikuri da dinamiku-
ri, verbaluri da araverbaluri niSnebis sistemas. pavis leqsi-
koni aris midgomaTa erTgvari kiTxvari, romelic mravalsaxovani
niSnebis dafiqsirebis saSualebas gvaZlevs. amasTan, mniSvnelova-
nia, rom axlisadmi Riaoba patris pavis sulac ar uSlis xels,
moaxdinos formulireba Zveli ritorikisa da Teatraluri xe-
lovnebisa. Teoretikosi arc literaturis Janrebs iviwyebs. misi
komentarebi da SekiTxvebi kritikis gamorCeuli nimuSebia.
„Teatraluri leqsikoni“ imaze metia, vidre arsebuli ma-
salis wesrigSi moyvana an gadakeTebao, aRniSnavs avtori. misi az-
riT, Teatri aris yvelaze nazi, efemeruli, RrubeliviT Semwovi
xelovnebis dargi. pavi aqcents akeTebs Tanamedrove mayurebelze,
romlis darbazSi `daWera~ da Sokireba ioli aRar aris, ramdena-
dac Cveni drois mayurebels didad aRraferi aRelvebs. aRiqvams
ki adamiani, bolos da bolos, Teatrs seriozulad, CaTvlis Tu
ara mas mniSvnelovnad da avtonomiur xelovnebad da ara litera-
turis filialad, kinos gauaresebul variantad an sabazro fo-
kusnikobad? – es is SekiTxvaa, romelsac pavi Tanamedroveebs
utovebs gansjisaTvis, dasafiqreblad da Teatraluri xelovnebis
semiotikuri kvlevis gasagrZeleblad, raTa Teatralur niSanTa
sistemis zemoqmedebis gaanalizebiT sakuTar STabeWdilebaze ise
daviwyoT wera, rogorc aqamde ar gviweria. TiToeuli dadgmis
warmodgenas ise SevxedoT, rogorc ganumeorebels.
patris pavis leqsikoni, rogorc Tavad aRniSnavs, ufro me-
Todologiuri Ziebaa, vidre terminologiuri wesrigis damyare-
bis cda. naSromi umTavresad exeba dasavlur Teatralur tradi-
cias, aristoteledan moyolebuli bob vilsonamde da ar moi-
cavs araevropul formebs, ZiriTadad, aRmosavleTis tradiciul
Teatrs, romelic misi azriT sruliad axlebur, sxva Rirebule-
baTa gegmas miekuTvneba. is Semofarglulia sakuTriv TeatriT da
gamoricxavs Serwymul sanaxaobiT formebs, magaliTad: cekvas,
cirks, pantomimas, operas, Tojinebis Teatrs da a.S. es formebi
ganxilulia mxolod im kuTxiT, romliTac Teatrs ukavSirdebi-
an.
patris pavi gansakuTrebul adgils uTmobs masobrivi sain-
formacio saSualebebis: umetesad, kinos, televiziis da radios

gavlenas, rac imdenad maRalia, rom maTi niSnebis gamovlena sa-
Wirod CaTvala sxvadasxva statiaSi. leqsikoni moicavs umniSvne-
lovanes problemebs dramaturgiaze, esTetikaze, Teatralur se-
miologiaze. leqsikonisTvis arCeuli terminebi avtorma 8 sis-
temur kategoriad daajgufa:
1. dramaturgia, romelic swavlobs moqmedebas, personaJebs,
sivrcesa da dros, yvela sakiTxs, romelsac xelewifeba Seqmnas
Teatraluri praqtika;
2. teqsti da diskursi – warmodgenis ZiriTadi komponen-
tebi da Sinagani meqanizmebi;
3. msaxiobi da personaJi;
4. Janrebi da formebi;
5. reJisura – mayureblamde azris mitanis saSualeba da
piesis mniSvneloba;
6. struqturuli principebi da esTetikis sakiTxebi, mar-
Talia, pirdapir ar aris dakavSirebuli TeatrTan, magram rigi
SekiTxvebis gasaazreblad aucileblad gansaxilvelia;
7. speqtaklis aRqma mayureblis TvalTaxedviT;
8. semiologia, romelic niSanTa sistemas, maT aRqmas ukav-
Sirdeba.
aRniSnuli gamocemiTa da damokidebulebiT, patris pavi
gvTavazobs, gadaixedos Teatris praqtikisa da Teoriis sakiTxe-
bi, axleburad gaanalizebis procesSi ki moxdes calkeul sakiT-
xTa semiotikuri Seswavla da sistemaSi moqceuli Teatraluri
niSnebis zemoqmedebis dafiqsireba recenziebsa Tu kritikul we-
rilebSi.
gamoyenebuli literaturis sia:
Патрис Пави, Словарь Театра, Прогрес, Москва, 1991.

Patrice Pavis, Dictionnaire du theatre, Messidor Editions Sociales, Paris
1987.
Ролан Барт, Избранные работы, Семиотика, Поетика, Москва, 1989.
Теория театра. Сборник статей. - Москва: Международное агентство
"A.D.&T.", 2000.
http://www.odris.ru/analyz/analyz_1460.html
http://proceedings.usu.ru/?base=mag/0035(01_09-
2005)&xsln=showArticle.xslt&id=a05&doc=../content.jsp
http://az.lib.ru/m/mejerholxd_w_e/text_0030.shtml
luiza xaWapuriZe, ia xaWapuriZe
kulturaTa integracia da
enobrivi desemantizacia
(megobari/Seyvarebuli/boifrendi)
sazogadoebaSi arsebuli socia-

lur-politikuri, kulturul-ekonomi-
kuri cvlilebebi da Sesabamisi fsiqo-
logiuri faqtorebi iwvevs cnobierebis
formirebas, rac yvelaze ukeT aisaxeba
enaSi... xdeba sityvis mniSvnelobis cvla
an Canacvleba axali leqsemiT. yovelive
es sazogadoebis ganviTarebis da misi
ucxo kulturasTan urTierTobis Tanam-
devi procesia.
saanalizod aviReT ori sityva
(Seyvarebuli, megobari), romelic dRes-
dReobiT yvelaze metad ganicdis seman-
tikur cvlilebas, Tumca es procesi
jer kidev araa dasrulebuli.
sailustracio magaliTebad gamovi-
yeneT rogorc gamoqveynebuli samecniero
literatura da internetsaitebi, aseve
Cven mier saqarTveloSi Cawerili da uc-
xoeTSi (amerika, inglisi, italia, saf-
rangeTi, espaneTi) internetqseliT (ga-
mokiTxvis gziT) mopovebuli masalebi.
respodentebad SevarCieT 18-dan 45 wlis
CaTvliT adamianebi, raTa ukeT gamogvev-
lina sakvlev leqsemaTa desemantizaciais
procesi.
kulturaTa integracia da enobrivi desemantizacia 177
qarTulSi megobari ganimarteba, rogorc guliTadi amxana-

gi, Wirisa da lxinis moziare, axlobeli adamiani: "megobari si-
Zisai... sixaruliT uxarian" (parxlis oTxTavi, ioane 3,29); "uke-
Tu glocvides moyuare Seni" (gelaTis, II Sjuli 13,6); moyvare-
ni Cemni da megobarni Cemni Cems winaSe momeaxlnes da dadges"
(fs.37,12); "mas Ramesa erTgan iyvnen Svenierni amxanagni" (rusTa-
veli, 1986, 673,4); yvelas gvaxsovs sulxan-sabas sityvebi amxa-
nagis Sesaxeb: "amxanagi zRude maRalia, simagre daurRvevelia..."
i. abulaZis leqsikonidan Cans, rom Zvel werilobiT Zeg-
lebSi sayvareli adamianis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneboda terminebi
sayvareli, moyvare, megobari, trfialebuli (Seyvarebuli): "ese
ars Ze Cemi sayuareli _ maTe 3,1" (i. abulaZe,1973), ~kaci igi
axalnergi, Seyuarebuli _ esaia 3,7" (iqve), "qristesmierno say-
varelno" (ioane oqropiri, 1990),”gangaSores Sen trfialebul-
Ta SenTa - ierem. 4,30" (i. abulaZe,1973).
“vefxistyaosanSi” sayvarlad iwodeba agreTve Seyvarebuli
qali an kaci: "Cven ver Wvreta sayvarlisa Wirsa Zvelsa gagviax-
lebs" (rusTaveli,1986, 840,1), "magra SevkrTi, sayvareli Cemi
vnaxe Zilsa Sina" (iqve, 512,2), "aw, sayvarelsa miuwers gula-
moskvnili, mtirali"(iqve, 1292,1)...
qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT, sayvareli
ramdenime mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba:
1. vinc an rac uyvarT "sayvareli Svili; sayvareli maswav-
lebeli", "mSobliuri Cemo miwav, Sens sayvarel saxels vficav"
(g.tab.); sayvarlad _ lamazad, moxdenilad, mSvenivrad "sayvar-
lad morTavs balaxs" (vaJa), "zeda tuCi sayvarlad aburcvoda"
(k. gams)
2. satrfo, mijnuri _ "cnobs sayvareli sayvarlisa guls"
(akaki);
3. vinc vinmesTan qorwinebis gareSe, farul kavSirSi imyo-
feba "Sen qmars Ralatob, sxvisi sayvareli xar" (W. lomTaT.),
"roca qmari Sin ar egulvis, qali sayvarels epatiJeba" (g. qi-
qoZ.)
4. sityvis masala _ "vai, sayvarelo, ra bednieri dReebi
melis!" (a. quTaTel).
qarTulSi erTmaneTis paralelurad gamoiyeneboda siyvaru-
lidan nawarmoebi formebi: RvTismoyvareoba, kacTmoyvareoba, sib-
rZnismoyvareoba... _ vercxlismoyvareoba, siZvismoyvareoba, gemoT-
moyvareoba... magram unda aRvniSnoT, rom termini sayvareli, mem-
178 luiza xaWapuriZe
ruSe adamianis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba mxolod me-19 saukunidan,

manam am semantikiT gamoiyeneboda leqsemebi: aSiyi/arSiyi, xar-
Wa/xasa, meZavi, mruSi (ganirCeoda mruSi _ qorwinebaSi myofTa
faruli kavSiri, meZavi - piriqiT) "aSiki urcxv da uridebuli”
(z. sarjvelaZe, 1995), "saulisa sumul iyo xarWi erTi _ II
mef. 22,24"(i. abulaZe, 1973), "Seiyuara ufrois colTa da xar-
WaTa misTa _ II neSt.11, 21" (iqve), zogjer am mniSvnelobiT
gvxvdeba motrfialec: motrfiale/aSiyi "Wabuki igi motrfiale
ganxurvebuli" (i. abulaZe, 1973), "trfialeba sxua arara ars
Tvinier daxSireba nebisa wadilisasa” (sulxan-saba, 1993).
rogorc ganxiluli magaliTebidan Cans, dRemde arakanonier
sqesobriv kavSirSi myofi qali da mamakaci iwodebodnen sayvar-
lebad. xolo sufTa, wrfeli urTierTobis mqoneni ki Seyvarebu-
lebad. megobrad ki moixseneba gverdiT mdgomi, Wirisa da lxinis
moziare amxanagi.
aqve SevniSnavT, rom sityva „amxanagi“ komunisturi mmarTve-
lobis dros gacveTili terminia da dResdReobiT naklebad ga-
moiyeneba.
dRes dasavleTidan Semosul literaturasa da filmebSi
Seyvarebulad da megobrad (boyfrend-girlfred) iTargmneba saqmro,
romelTanac qorwinebamde seqsi nebadarTulia.
gamomdinare iqidan, rom Seyvarebuli dRiTi-dRe kargavs
Zvel mniSvnelobas, sazogadoeba cdilobs enobrivad mouZebnos
mas gansxvavebuli niSani. Tu Tvals gadavavlebT internetforu-
mebs, vnaxavT, rom axalgazrdebi e.w. Tineijerebi leqsikonebsac
ki mimarTaven saWiro sityvis sapovnelad. mag. moviyvanT mcire
amonarids: "Seyvarebuls viRa iyenebs, cota bavSvuricaa, Tan ki-
de sayvarlis pontSic xmaroben da ar miswordeba. ra unda da-
varqva biWs, romelic mesimpaTiureba? sulxan-sabac ki vnaxe, mara
iq amis Sesaferisad Coylayi weria da texavs, an rogor unda
warvadgino, gaicaniT, es Cemi Coylayia-Tqo :))" (http://forum.tsu.ge
/lofiversion/index.php/) an kidev “qarTul Sesatyviss veZeb. ar mom-
wons "gel/boifrendi". "Seyvarebulis statusis" mere "pwit ami"-
s rogor ityodi qarTulad? megobari' xo, magram im megobars
ras uSvebi, vinc ubralod megobaria da ara megobari megobari.
bolo-bolo saxeli xom unda daerqvas fenomens, romelic arse-
bobs?! mokled, ra davarqvaT?” (http://forum.rustavi2.com/
lofiversion/index.php/)
eklesiurma sazogadoebam gamosavlis sapovnelad klasikur

qarTuls mimarTa da wamoiRo iqidan sityva mijnuri, raTa Seyva-
rebuli anu dRevandeli gagebiT seqsualuri partniori da
wrfeli, sufTa urTierToba gaemijna (Srd. "mijnuroba sxva ra-
mea, ar siZvisa dasadari...." rusTaveli) (aqve SevniSnavT, rom
morwmuneni RvTismSoblis xats "uWknobi yvavili", romelic gad-
mocemiT ojaxis Seqmnas akurTxebs, "mijnurobis" xatad moixse-
nieben).
rac Seexeba megobars, dRes igi xSir SemTxvevaSi enacvleba
inglisuridan Semosul boifrends (boyfrend-girlfred). ase moixse-
neben adamians, romelTanac iziareben sarecels da romelic Sem-
dgomSi, SeiZleba, gaxdes saqmro/sacole. Tumca isic SeiZleba
vivaraudoT, rom megobari erTgvari evfemizmia sayvarlis aRsa-
niSnad.
masalaze muSaobisas aseTi faqtis momswrec gavxdiT: erT
ojaxs axalgazrda qal-vaJi estumra, maTi wasvlis Semdeg mezo-
belma am ojaxis wevrs uTxra: "es biWi Tqveni naTesavis megoba-
ria, xom?" razedac upasuxes - "ara, megobari ar aris, saqmroa".
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos periferiebs, aq jer kidev mTlad
ar momxdara saanalizo sityvaTa desemantizacia, gansakuTrebiT
35 wlidan zemoT respondentebSi, isini tradiciuli gagebiT
gvxvdeba (megobari _ axlobeli Zmakaci, daqali).
Eeklesia, SeiZleba iTqvas, erideba kidec axlobeli mamaka-
cis Tu qalis misamarTiT sityva "megobris" xsenebas da cdilo-
ben, mis nacvlad damkvidrdes Sesityvebebi: qristesmieri megoba-
ri / namdvili megobari / sulieri da-Zma an terminebi: Zmobili /
Zmakaci / Zmadnafici, dobili / daqali.
Tu ucxour presas, mxatvrul literaturas an internet
saitebs gadavxedavT, analogiur situaciaSi imyofebodnen evrope-
lebic gasul saukuneSi: pirvelad sityva boifrendi, uqorwine-
belTa seqsualuri urTierTobis aRsaniSnavad, gvxvdeba 1889
wlis erT-erT britanul gazeTSi, kerZod britaneli mwerlis,
dramaturgisa da mTargmnelis nil bartletis werilSi „vin iyo
es adamiani?“, romelSic avtori aRSfoTebas ver malavs termin
megobris Sinarsobrivi degradaciis gamo (http://www.tititudoran-
cea.com/z/boyfriend.htm)
dResdReobiT evropul enebSi terminologiurad met-nakle-
bad gamijnulia namdvili megobari da boifrendi.
180 luiza xaWapuriZe
Cven facebook-is, tagged-sa da skype-s meSveobiT sagangebod

gamovkiTxeT ucxoeli (frangi: - olivie ordekeni, qristof ma-
tei, Jan-rene udo, cedriq bigo, olivie sinola; ingliseli -
qristeanson zed, katrina Lle Mmadeni, Jose Dduarte, gordon
korniSi... holandieli – miSel mikano zaali, sabrina holsder-
veri... espaneli _ alfonso ramiresi, xuan-antonio rivasi, xose
domingesi... italieli _ antonio d’alesio, juzepe maizano, an-
drea moro... rusi – katia vaxmianina, anna iogurceva, igor ma-
salkini, nina vasilceva... da a. S.) megobrebi; daaxloebiT 25
adamiani, TiTo eTnosidan 5 kaci.
mag.: espanurSi boifrendis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba termine-
bi: novio (mamr.sqes.), novia (mdedr.sqes). italiurSi: convivente,
fidanzato. Tumca amave semantikiT gamoiyeneben terminsac amico
(megobari), xolo namdvili megobris aRsaniSnavad gvxvdeba Se-
sityveba amico intimo (uaxloesi megobari), anu sityva megobari
msazRvrelis gareSe TiTqmis aRar gamoiyeneba, raTa ar moxdes
Sinaarsobrivi aRreva.
frangulSi boifrendis mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba: sa femme /
son homme (misi qali/kaci) an une petite amie (patara megobari).
aqac, msgavsad italiurisa, msazRvrels (petite-patara) akisria
definiciis funqcia. Tu ami namdvil megobars aRniSnavs, petit
ami boifrendi megobaria. daqorwinebulTa faruli intimuri ur-
TierTobis aRsaniSnavad ki gamoiyeneba leqsema: un amant – sayvare-
li (miRebulia zmnidan aimer - siyvaruli).
aRsaniSnavia, erTi garemoeba: Cven mier gamokiTxuli yvela
ucxoeli respondenti, ganurCevlad erovnebisa, SeniSnavs: raoden
gasakviric unda iyos, arseboben Seyvarebuli wyvilebi, romel-
Tac religiuri mosazrebidan gamomdinare, ara aqvT seqsualuri
urTierToba. maT ewodebaT, ubralod, Seyvarebulebi (mag. safran-
geTSi amoureux , italiaSi - inamorati ).
evropeli megobrebis garda gamovkiTxeT rusebic, aRmoCnda,
rom qarTulis msgavsad aqac leqsikuri desemantizaciis procesi
mimdinareobs.
rusul internet forumebze erTmaneTs mouwodeben, daicvan
rusuli ena da sityva – Друг (megobari) boifrendiს mniSvnelo-
biT ar gamoiyenon. mis nacvlad ixmaron arsSi misi fardi rusu-
li sityvebi, rogorebicaa: Ухажёр, Хахаль (просторечие, с
отрицательным оттенком), Ее парень… radgan boifrends sinam-
dvileSi araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs sufTa megobrobasTan (http://

kubuntu.ru/node/3380 - Друг, бойфренд, любовник ...Это одно и
тоже или еще кто?).
msgavsad evropuli enebisa, aqac sityvas - Друг diferenci-
isaTvis Tan axlavs msazRvreli, mag.: Мой друг - niSnavs boif-
rends, xolo Близкий друг – uaxloes megobars.
aRniSnul terminTa semantikis rRveva mimdinare, jer ki-
dev daumTavrebeli procesia (igi ise aqtiuri araa periferiebSi,
rogorc _ saqarTvelos centralur qalaqebSi). sazogadoebis
cnobierebaSi faseulobaTa gadaxaliseba xdeba. dRes Tu ara
xval yvelaferi es saTanado niSniT gamoixateba enaSic.
literatura
1. i. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb., 1973

2. SoTa rusTaveli, vefxistyaosani, Tb., 1986
3. sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t. II, Tb., 1993
4. ioane oqropiri, oqros wyaro, ganmeorebiTi gamocema, Tb.,
1991
5. z. sarjvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb., 1995
6. qegl _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, rvatomeuli
(arn. Ciqobavas redaqciiT), Tb., 1950-1964
7. fsalmunni mefis daviTisa, Tb., 1989
8. http://forum.tsu.ge/lofiversion/index.php/t7945.html
9. http://forum.ge/?f=20&showtopic=34034495&st=90
10. http://forum.rustavi2.com/lofiversion/index.php/t5143-50.html
11. http://kubuntu.ru/node/3380
12. http://www.enotes.com/topic/Boyfriend
13. http://www.tititudorancea.com/z/boyfriend.htm
nana trapaiZe
veragoba da/Tu siyvaruli
(winasityvaoba daTo barbaqaZis esses

,,trfoba wamebulTa“ germanuli
gamocemisTvis)
„trfoba wamebulTa“ araa Cemi gabedulebis

sabuTi, is nebismieri gabedulebis usazriso-
bis xazgasma da mravalmxriv daqsaqsuli Cemi
gabedulebis dasasrulia, esaa yoveli SesaZ-
lo gabedulebis Tavmoyra usastikes (da ara
ukidures) realobaSi, naturalizmis gadaq-
ceva metaforad, saidanac gasaZvromebi ar
arsebobs. Cemi Sinagani cxovrebis yvelaze
ufro dramatul wuTebSi, es nawarmoebi mo-
ulodnelad uCinardeba, saerTod qreba da
aRar arsebobs, mere TiTqos arsaidan Cndeba,
Tavis Tavs paradoqsulad aRmomaCeninebs da
uCveulo siamovnebas ganvicdi imis gamo, rom
am teqstis avtori me var. es araa aRtaceba,
sixaruli, bednierebis gancda. ubralod, esaa
Sveba, romelic, SesaZloa, sulac ar iyos
moklebuli mazoxistur TviTgvemas, gajere-
buls metad usiamo vnebiT, gaorebuli tkbo-
bis yovelTvis xelaxla ganmeorebadi proce-
siT, romelic yovelTvis xelaxla inaxeba“.
daTo barbaqaZe, 1998 weli
daTo barbaqaZis esse ,,trfoba wame-

bulTa“ gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebis
dasawyisSi daiwera. teqsts maSinve moh-
yva didi xmauri. inteleqtualur wreeb-
Si kargad axsovT teqstis prezentacii-
veragoba da/Tu siyvaruli 183
sas publikis erTi nawilis mier datovebuli universitetis sa-

aqto darbazi da negatiuri kritika. bevrisTvis dResac gaugeba-
ri rCeba am Txzulebis mxatvruli mniSvneloba da misi adgili
literaturul procesSi. samkiTxvelo stereotipi, romelic Ta-
visi bunebiT konservatulia, Seuvali aRmoCnda am teqstis misa-
Rebad.
es stereotipi mxolod socialur da inteleqtualur
wreds ar qmnis, ar aris ubralod mxatvruli gemovnebisa da
kulturis gamoxatuleba. igi specifikur kulturul-ideologi-
ur klimatSi yalibdeba, romelic adamianis mxatvruli aRqmis
hermetizebas axdens, rac aqveiTebs mis inteleqtualur imuni-
tets da mgrZnobiares xdis mas ,,sxva“, saeWvo mimarTulebebisad-
mi...
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTveloSi axali poli-
tikuri da kulturuli identobis Zieba mwvave Sida da gare po-
litikur procesebs ukavSirdeba. SexedulebaTa da interesTa
konfliqti samoqalaqo dapirispirebaSi gadaizarda. SeiZleba iT-
qvas, es iyo TviTganadgurebis talRa, romelic Sedegad mohyva
saqarTvelos, rogorc damoukidebeli qveynis, pirvel nabijebs...
am dros iqmneba daTo barbaqaZis ,,trfoba wamebulTa“. mwera-
li laSa buRaZe am teqsts Semdeg konteqstSi ganixilavs: ,,Tav-
dapirvelad iyo damoukidebloba. Semdeg iyo daTo barbaqaZis
,,trfoba wamebulTa” da pirveli omi” (,,cxeli Sokoladi”,
2010, maisi). aseve: „vfiqrob, rom Tanamedrove qarTuli litera-
tura swored am teqstiT iwyeba” (,,cxeli Soკoladi”, 2010,
63). ar iqneba gadaWarbeba, Tu vityviT, rom, ,,trfoba wamebul-
Ta” iyo naRmi, romelzec dasangrevi unda dangreuliyo da gada-
sarCeni gadarCeniliyo. Aam TvalsazrisiT, teqsti, mTeli Tavisi
,,Seuwynarebeli” arsebobiT, dafarul mxatvrul siRrmeebSi met
optimizms avlens, met ndobas ucxadebs sakuTari literaturu-
li da kulturuli tradiciis sicocxlisunarianobas, vidre mi-
si ,,kritikosebi”...
literatura saqarTveloSi sinamdvilis racionalizebis,
TviTanalizis rols dominanturad asrulebda. am mxriv man is-
toriulad SeiTavsa filosofiis funqcia, romelic mas (filo-
sofias) swored sinamdvilis racionalizebis, erTgvari inteleq-
tualuri mentoris rolSi warmoadgens da romelic mas saqar-
TveloSi ara hqonia...
184 nana trapaiZe
politikis avtoritets aq yovelTvis epaeqreboda litera-

turis avtoriteti. amitom istoriuladac literatura poli-
tikis keTebis adgili gaxda, oRond ara rogorc politikis gag-
rZeleba-danamati, rogorc tribuna da ,,mowinave ideologia“,
aramed - rogorc misi alternativa.
rogorc Cans, xalxi kargad grZnobda, sad dgindeboda misi
arsebobis ufro utyuari dokumenti: politikaSi Tu literatu-
raSi. es unda mianiSnebdes weris aqtis mimarT gansakuTrebul
damokidebulebas sxva moqmedebiT aqtTan SedarebiT. asecaa: yvela
moqmedeba sabolood weraa da rCeba mexsierebas, an ar aris wera
da daviwyebaSi ikargeba. istorias, sinamdviles qmnis ara [sxva]
moqmedeba, aramed wera. amitom wera umTavresi moqmedebiTi aqtia,
is erTgvari moqmedebaTSorisi aqtic aris momxdarsa da mosax-
dens Soris, romelic weraSi (droiTi ganzomilebiT _ awmyoSi)
uRldeba xolme uxilavad.
garda amisa, literaturis gavlenebs mudmivi koloniuri si-
namdvilec uwyobda xels, radgan literatura Tavisuflebis,
gansjis da imedebis erTaderT adgilad rCeboda... sinamdvilisgan
literaturis (Tu literaturisgan sinamdvilis) ,,Casaxvisa“ da
,,dabadebis“ aqtebs Soris manZili metafizikuri azris garda
[zogjer] did istoriul dros moicavs da mizez-Sedegobriv kav-
SirTa Zebna istoriisa da literaturis Rrma arqeologias mo-
iTxovs. amdenad, qveynisa da literaturis istoria sinamdvile-
Si, droSi Ria Tu farul konteqstTa monacvleobiT, ,,parale-
lurad“ iwereba. ufro swori iqneboda, ase gveTqva: istoria da
literatura erTad iwereba. konteqsti ki yovelTvis mianiSnebs
literaturisa da sinamdvilis ganuyoflobis faqts.
weris (literaturis) da moqmedebis (sinamdvilis, politi-
kis) mTlianobas warmoadgens uZvelesi qarTuli saistorio kre-
buli ,,qarTlis cxovreba“. es aris 11 avtoris 12 istoriuli
Txzulebisgan Semdgari krebuli, romelic moicavs sxvadasxva
qronikebs Zv.w-is me-4-3 saukunidan vidre me-18 saukunemde.
,,qarTlis cxovrebis“ werilobiTi struqtura niSandobliv
azrobriv Sreebs moicavs. ideologiuri kliSeebis gverdiT aq
aris kodebi, romelic enobriv sinamdvileSi inaxeba. SeiZleba
vTqvaT, es garkveuli azriT winaswarmetyveluri narativia, ro-
melic enobrivad aris lokalizebuli da Tavis droze aucileb-
lad (mo)axdens gareenobriv aqtualizacias namdvilyofis sxva-
dasxva formebSi....
daTo barbaqaZis ,,trfoba wamebulTas“ erT-erTi mxatvrul-

ideuri safuZveli ,,qarTlis cxovrebaa“. erTi mxriv, avtori ax-
dens ,,qarTlis cxovrebis“ enobriv-poetikuri struqturis de-
kodirebas, meore mxriv, sinamdvilis, istoriis (gasuli saukunis
90-iani wlebis) poetikur konservacias istoriuli da kultu-
ruli procesebis Sinagani uwyvetobis, aseve _ literaturisa da
politikis/sinamdvilis, _ ori sxvadasxva labirinTis, gadakveTis
konteqstSi. es postmodernistuli introversia auqmebs droisa
da sivrcis empiriul logikas da metafizikur planSi gadahyavs:
aq warsuli mosaxdenia, xolo momavali momxdari.
[Tu] adamianad yofnis umaRlesi forma weraa (Semoqmedebaa),
igi sZlevs yvelafers, rac gzad eRobeba. amdenad, literatu-
ra Tavisi bunebiT keTilia. weris gamarjvebac niSnavs sikeTis
gamarjvebas. gamarjvebis es faruli (eTikuri) `Sifri“ teqstis
(farTo mniSvnelobiT _ sinamdvilis) ukufenaa, romelic winas-
warganusazRvrelia da did droSi ixsneba masSi akumulirebuli
yvela ganfenilobiT da mosalodneli Tu moulodneli SedegiT.
,,trfoba wamebulTas“ siuJeturi da enobriv-arqiteqtoniku-
li safuZveli saxareba, ,,qarTlis cxovreba“ da ramdenime saek-
lesio Txzulebaa im qarTvel wmindanTa Sesaxeb, romlebic adre-
feodalizmis xanaSi moRvaweobdnen. dekonstruqciis roli ro-
manSi Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enas akisria. politikuri da
Teologiuri narativis mxatvrul-siuJeturi mTlianobac Zveli
qarTuli enis poetikuri ganvrcobis sferoa; rac ideurad niS-
navs _ asaxos adamianis Sinagani dramatizmis (ara)istoriuli
Sinaarsi, _ gamoTqvas, rac ara marto warsulSi, aramed moma-
valSi moxda. ,,gardacvlili RmerTis“ da ,,gardacvlili drois“
(,,berwi awmyos“) drama gadmocemulia ara mxolod rogorc amba-
vi, aramed _ rogorc enobrivi ambavi, _ mocemuli, rogorc evfe-
mizmis enobrivi ukuprocesi. skabrezi, evfemizmis sapirispirod,
xsnis religiur praqtikaSi dawesebul moralur filtrs, rom-
lis mizansac, cnobilia, jer kidev warmarTul ritualebSi war-
moadgenda _ ar momxdariyo sakraluri aqtis Seferxeba/Sebilwva.
da radganac aRar arsebobs sakraluri (igi ,,mSvenivrad“ Secvala
abstraqtulma), sruliad uadgilo da zedmetia moralur-enob-
rivi filtric, romelic Tanamedrove adamianisTvis sinamdviles-
Tan urTierTobaSi meqanikur barierad gadaiqca. amitomac, gasage-
bia avtoris fiqri mkiTxvelis reaqciasTan dakavSirebiT, rom is
ar Tvlis, TiTqos sxva enaze werdes. teqstis gagebisTvis mniS-
186 nana trapaiZe
vnelovani is aris, rom sityvaTa Tanamedrove mniSvnelobebi mTe-

li semantikuri momcvelobiT maTi etimologiis konteqstSi
mniSvnelobs. esec drois gauqmebis enobrivi faqtia da parodire-
bis safuZveli, Taviseburi enobrivi interteqstic.
,,esreT ra moaoჴres tfilisi, iwyes rbevad, tyuenvad, ჴocad
da klvad somxiTisa da kambeCianisa da ioris pirTa. qarTls da
TrialeTs, javaxeTs da artaans, zogi samcxes da taos, karnifo-
ras da anisis mimdgomTa queyanaTa. (...) xolo iwyes Senebad, da
zamTars daibanakian bardavs, mtkurisa pirsa, ioris pirTa da aR-
momarT gagamde, da motyuenvidian, arbevdian qarTls da samcxes
da javaxeTs da aRmarT saberZneTamde, kaxeTs da hereTs daruban-
damde. (...) esreT moisra da tyue iqmna suli mravali samcxes da
bevri eri moikla“ (JamTaaRmwereli, aswlovani matiane).
religiuri uwyeba wmindanTa cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Se-
saxeb teqstSi warmodgenilia, rogorc ramdenime ojaxis isto-
ria, romlebic erTmaneTTan gadajaWvulni arian ,,siyvarulis“ be-
disweriT. mTavari zmnis ZvelqarTuli etimologiis mixedviT,
erTi adamiani meoris pativisa da Rirsebis amyrelia, moraluri
mkvlelia, mamcirebelia da mparavi. jer kidev eqvTime aTonelTan
(955-1028) gvaqvs ,,..iyo mtyvenavi eklesiisa“, rac niSnavs mZar-
cvels. teqstSi aRwerili seqsualuri interaqcia ,,imeorebs“
,,dabadebis“ genealogiur sqemas (,,abram Sva isak, isak, Sva iakob,
iakob Sva iuda da misni Zmani...“) da, rogorc refreni, reminis-
cenciis gaZlierebas emsaxureba. aq aris ara marto 90-iani wle-
bis samoqalaqo yofis mxatvruli modelireba, aramed Tanamedro-
ve samyaros eqsistenciac aRiwereba: cxovrebas ki ar moaqvs sik-
vdili, rogorc dasasruli yvelafris, rac dro-sivrceSi amowu-
ravs Tavs, aramed sikvdils moaqvs sicocxle, rogorc sicarie-
le - rogorc yvelaze didi tyuili formebisa da materiis Se-
saxeb, - arsebobis Sesaxeb, radgan usulo sagnebi bunebaSi ar
arseboben! gamodis, sicocxle brWyalebSi unda Caisvas, radgan
igi aq (teqstSi) sinamdvileSi ar arsebobs. sikvdili sicarie-
lis, ararsebobis maskaradia ,,sicocxlis“ niRbebiT... amitomac
misi formebi veragulad mravalferovania, maSin, roca sicocxle
siyvarulis (ara)mosawyen erTferovnebazea gamoskvnili...
veragoba Tu siyvaruli?! - politikur da moralur vnebaTa-
RelvebSi sxva alternativa ar arsebobs.
,,trfoba wamebulTa“ aris teqsti adamianur veragobaTa is-
toriuli da eqsisitenciuri sinamdvilis Sesaxeb, - teqsti
ararsebuli, gamqrali siyvarulisa da arsebuli, namdvili vera-

gobis Sesaxeb.
„trfoba wamebulTa“ msxverplTa samyaros aRweris daufa-
ravi mcdelobaa da es mas mxatvrul-politikuridan mxatvrul-
filosofiur ganzomilebaSi gadaanacvlebs. aRwera iseTi cxovre-
bisa, roca ara mxolod urTierToba aRar aris siyvaruli (da
arc am urTierTobis dasrulebis mere darCeba siyvarulis isto-
ria) da sxeulTa mier erTmaneTisken ltolva da Sejaxeba aRar
warmoqmnis erotikul mTels, aramed roca aseTi cxovreba gac-
nobierebuli da cnobierebis mierve legitimirebulia, politi-
kur kritikas uunaros xdis“ (daTo barbaqaZe).
da Cven vdgebiT tragediis winaSe, romelic saTanadod ar
Sefasebula. ar Sefasebula rogorc erovnul-politikuri tra-
gedia, arc _ rogorc pirovnuli tragedia. an, ufro swori iq-
neboda gveTqva, imdenad yovelwuTierad fasdeba, rom niSnavs:
araferi fasdeba. SefasebaTa (SeSfoTeba/aRSfoTebis) politikur
kliSeebSi simarTle lRveba, rCeba mxolod mSrali faqti, rome-
lic Tavis Tavzec veRarafers iuwyeba. simarTlegamoclili, igi-
ve mkvdari faqti ki saWiroebs ,,gacocxlebas“. es aris Tanamed-
rove mediasistemebis sakvebi _ politikuri piari, rogorc meo-
re sicocxle, _ mowyvladi da ,,saimedo“....
am azriT, literatura, xelovneba es aris (mediisa da poli-
tikis sapirispirod) arapolitkoreqtuli uwyeba saganTa da
movlenaTa ,,wina cxovrebis“ Sesaxeb, anu uwyeba tragediis, ro-
gorc samyarosa da adamianis erTaderTi umaRlesi xvedris, Sesa-
xeb, romelsac veRaravin swvdeba, radgan Zalian ,,qvemoTaa“ da
warsulSi - istoriisa da sulis siRrmeSi...
literatura enisa da sinamdvilis urTierTSeqcevadobis ka-
nonzomierebiT gamowveul rxevebs aRwers. Sua saukuneebis ori-
ginaluri mwerloba, naTargmni aRmosavluri eposi da ,,qarTlis
cxovreba“ enobriv-kulturuli drekadobis faqts gamoxatavs.
sxvaTa Soris, es sakiTxi jer kidev saTanado Seswavlis momlo-
dinea...
Sua saukuneebis qarTuli mxatvruli samyaro ar yofila er-
Tgvarovani. masSi gadaikveTeba aRmosavluri poeziis, bizantiuri
mxatvruli da filosofiuri mwerlobis, saeklesio prozis da
folkloris gavlenebi, gvian SuasaukuneebSi ki _ rusuli kul-
turuli gavlena. Sua saukuneebis literatura enobrivad aRi-
beWdavs am gavlenebs sparsizmebis, arabizmebis, bizantinizmebis,
188 nana trapaiZe
somxizmebis da _ gvian _ rusizmebis saxiT. (am TvalsazrisiT, sa-

interesoa Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi gaxmaurebuli sargis Tmogve-
lis mier Targmnili sparsi poetis faxr al-din asad gorganelis sa-
mijnuro Txzuleba ,,visramiani“- X s. (sparsizmebi, arabizmebi), rome-
lic klasikuri enis nimuSad iTvleba; sagmiro-safalavno Txzuleba
,,amirandarejaniani“ _ XI-XII (romelSic sparsizmebi ara marto leqsi-
kur, aramed frazeologiur doneze gvxvdeba; mag; orTaviani kaci, rome-
lic gmirebs xvdeba, sparsulad ambobs: ,,me cali Tvali ara maqvs“);
feSangis ,,Sahnavaziani“ XVII s. (somxizmebi, sparsizmebi). arCil mefes
(XVII- XVIII ss.) Tavad Semoaqvs rusizmebi, rasac is winamorbeds, Te-
imuraz mefes, sayvedurobs. xolo Teimuraz I (XVI-XVII ss.) sparul
enas poetur muzad acxadebs: ,,sparsTa enisa sitkboman masurva musiko-
bani“. aRarafers vambobT ,,vefxistyaosanze“, romelSic mTavari sityva-
koncepti ,,mijnuri“ (Seyvarebuli) enobriv nasesxobas warmoadgens, ro-
gorc arabuli sityva, rac niSnavs ,,Smags, xels“).
daTo barbaqaZis teqsti Zvel qarTul mwerlobas ara marto
siuJetur, aramed enobriv pirvelwyarodac iyenebs. mag; ,,da Sem-
dgomad samisa dRisa jimSeris daCazed ixila ladom miranda da
wadierebai gulisa misisai aRavso ufalman, da eZiebda adgilsa
da drosa krZalulsa“ (,,trfoba wamebulTa“).
Tavad avtori Tavis mxatvrul Canafiqrs ase ganmartavs:
,,msxverplTa hagiografia wmindanTa hagiografiis nacvlad; erT
teqstSi mravali msxverplis cxovrebis JamTaaRmwerloba erTi
an ramdenime wmindanis cxovrebis aRweris nacvlad; hagiografiu-
li amocanis gadawyveta saraindo romanebis Zveli qarTuli Tar-
gmanebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli texili eniT... es da bevri sxva
teqnikuri xerxi, saboloo jamSi, mainc kritikis gamZafrebas em-
saxureba.“
teqstSi enobrivi da kulturuli ,,texilebi“, feodaluri
da demokratiuli (ufro zustad, yovel droSi Semxvedr Zvel
da axal paradigmaTa) kulturuli sistemebis ideologiuri mij-
nebis gadaskvniT, aqcentebs sapirispiro polusebiT svams. da aq,
amiT, teqstis amgvari TviTrealizacia, _ sruli enobrivi avan-
tiura (Tu piriqiT), acdenaTa parodirebaSi tragediis bgerebs
aJRerebs. swored am Sesa(Seu)ZleblobaTa gamo irCevs es teqsti
_ iyos agiografiuli ,,qronika” da ara raime sxva...
agiografiuli siuJetebis mixedviT, pirovneba (ZiriTadad,
erTi) Tavs swiravs umaRles Rirebulebebs, rwmenas, RmerTs,
upirispirdeba mters (rac ZvelqarTul teqstebSi da, saerTod,
qristianul swavlebaSi ,,eSmakis” metaforaa). ,,trfoba wamebul-
TaSi“ msgavsi araferia. Ees adamianebi, romelTa ricxvic teq-

stSi dauTvlelia (riTac naTqvamia pirovnuli Zalisxmevis sru-
li atrofireba da masobrivi infantilizmi), arc arafers ewire-
bian da arc aravis mier iwirebian. maT aravin tanjavs. Uubra-
lod: am adamianebs mteri ara hyavT. teqsti aRwers sinamdviles,
romelSic adamianebi mxolod sakuTari Tavis mier arian das-
jilni. amitom, aqedanaa es teqsti fsevdoagiografia da inter-
teqsturoba, rogorc mxatvruli meTodi, rogorc gamoxatvis
Sinagani forma mTlianad Slis mas qarTuli literaturis saw-
yisebamde, romelic sulieri cxovrebis, rwmenis, mterTan (eSmak-
Tan) brZolis sinamdviles aRwers.
namdvili omi qvesknelisa da zesknelis ZalTa omia. samya-
rom amgvari mistikuri omis rwmena dakarga. Yyvelafers (omsac)
gamoecala sakraluri safuZveli. Sesabamisad, adamianis Sinagani
cxovrebis siRrmec melodramatulamde daviwrovda, rac imas
niSnavs, rom mas ara aqvs tragizmis araviTari sanugeSo perspeq-
tiva, radgan sikeTisa da borotebis dapirispireba (am dapirispi-
rebis gaazreba) ,,acdenilia”, cnobierebisgan (Tu cnobierebis
mier) veragulad gamsxltaria...
rolan bartma Tanamedrove samyaroSi kulturisa da trage-
diis mimarTeba erTgan xatovnad ase ganmarta: ,,berZnul scenaze
msaxiobebi koturnebs atarebdnen, romlebiTac isini Cveulebriv
adamianur simaRleze maRlebi Candnen. imisaTvis, rom Cven gvqon-
des ufleba vxedavdeT tragedias samyaroSi, es samyaro unda
Sedges koturnebze da Tundac odnav aiwios nacrisfer yovel-
dRiurobaze.… aviRoT Cveni epoqa: is, ra Tqma unda, sevdiania,
dramatulic ki. Mmagram es kidev ar metyvelebs imaze, tragiku-
lia is Tu ara. dramas ganicdian, tragedias ki imsaxureben, ise-
ve, rogorc yvelafers, rac WeSmariti da didia” (rolan barti,
,,kultura da tragedia”). ..trfoba wamebulTa” adamianuri yofi-
erebis srul absurdulobasa da dacemulobas, tragediis vergan-
cdas, misgan ugono gaqcevis dramas warmoadgens tragediad.
eqsistenciuri simZime ,,wamebulTa“ mdgomareobisa teqstis
erT-erTi Srea. SeiZleba iTqvas, RerZic. yoveldRiur eqsisten-
ciur SeWirvebaSi imaleba Tanamedrove adamianis SiSi, romelic
avtoris azriT, ,,SesaZloa, ufro aqtiurad gvabrunebdes Cveni
winaprebis seqsualur cxovrebasTan, vidre – kulturuli kode-
bis maragi, romelic garedan struqturul wakiTxvas da mode-
lirebas moiTxovs.“
190 nana trapaiZe
yoveli axali kulturuli mutacia seqsualobis marTvas

efuZneboda. Tavis droze qristianobam swored aq moaxdina ,,re-
volucia“. warmarTuli RmerTebis ukidegano Tavisufleba suli-
eri simaRlis, tanjvis eTikiT Secvala, risTvisac unda miebaZa
adamiansac; RmerTi TviTon aris siwminde, adamiani - saxe da xa-
ti misi... sabWoTa mutacia (ufro adreulic, ganmanaTleblobis
xanidan...) gamoTavisuflebul seqsualobas adamianis, rogorc so-
cialuri muSaxelis, Seqmnas usabamebs. xolo Tanamedrove sinam-
dvileSi seqsualobisadmi esoden farTod karis gaReba adamianis
socialur-kritikuli unarebis moSlas emsaxureba... mokled, seq-
sualobis marTva politikuri marTvis meqanizmia, ,,mutaciuri
alqimiis saidumlo“. ,,mocaleoba“ religiuri kontrolidan so-
cialur kontrols daeqvemdebara. ,,adamianis dro, mis mebrZol
asakSi, unda gadanawilebuliyo saxelmwifosTvis sasargeblo sa-
muSaos Sesrulebasa da seqss Soris; anu religiismieri cenzura
Seicvala seqsismieri cenzuriT, ramac kidev erTxel daacila
adamiani erotikis samyaros, erotikuli tkbobis sferos, gayina
igi seqsualuri siamovnebis xangrZliv fazaSi, xolo adamiani,
romelic seqsualuri siamovnebis Ziebasa da fizikur gadarCenas
Soris moZraobs, kapitalizmisTvis saSiSi arasdros iqneba“ (da-
To barbaqaZe).
Zvel qarTuli saeklesio teqstebTan erTad (iakob xucesis
,,SuSanikis wameba“- V s: aRwerilia religiur da politikur safuZ-
velze gaTamaSebuli colqmruli drama, giorgi mcires ,,cxovreba“ gi-
orgi mTawmindelisa - XI s: giorgis mamis, iakobis, daojaxebis ambavi;
eqvTime aTonelis ,,abukura“, XI s: ambavi beris sulieri siZlierisa,
romelic abdal maliq xalifas cols, seidas, Seuyvarda. ucnobi avto-
ris Txzulebis ,,aTcamet asurel mamaTa“ ciklidan daviT garejelis
,,cxovreba“- X s: qalis mier beris gamocxadeba Svilis mamad, misi daw-
yevla da qvis dabadeba. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia giorgi merCules
agiografiuli Txzuleba grigol xanZTelis ,,cxovreba“ (951 w): zeno-
nis ambavi, romelmac dis Semcdeneli kacis mokvlas amjobina saeklesio
cxovreba, mefe bagratis colis gamonazvneba da aSot mefis sasiyvaru-
lo ambavi,; grigol xanZTeli monazvnad aRkvecs mefis sayvarels. me-
tic, mxatvruli asaxvis siRrme da sizuste pirovnebis, mefis, suraTs
aRwers da ara - codvis naklovanebas...), ,,qarTlis cxovrebac“ ux-
vad warmoadgens ,,sasiyvarulo ambebs“. daTo barbaqaZe am sakiTxs
ara marto mxatvruli, aramed Teoriuli refleqsiis sagnad aq-
cevs da mas ganixilavs erovnuli TviTcnobierebis erT-erT fun-
damentur aspeqtad: ,,JamTaaRmwerlebis sul sxva mimarTulebiT
warmoebuli religiuri cenzurac ar tovebs SeumCnevels maTsave

fsiqologiur rxevebs. aRarafers vambob saero literaturaze,
gansakuTrebiT ki – aRmosavluri sasiyvarulo romanebis Targma-
nebze, romlebic gankuTvnili ar iyo liangisTvis da mxolod
momxmarebelTa SedarebiT viwro wris interesebs akmayofilebda.
(...) „vefxistyaosanSi“ daxasiaTebuli idealuri mijnuris tipi
ki, arc meti da arc naklebi, srulfasovani seqsualuri molxe-
nisTvis saWiro idealuri tipis modelirebas axdens, xolo am
sistemaSi mocaleobas (rac usaqmurobas Tu ara, fizikuri da
inteleqtualuri Sromis artaxebidan gamoTavisuflebas namdvi-
lad unda gulisxmobdes) erT-erTi gadamwyveti roli ekisreba.
erTi sityviT, es is sistemaa, romlis miRma cxovrebac uxdeboda
mdumare umravlesobas... Tanamedrove adamianis cnobierebaSi misi
winaprebis seqsualuri cxovrebis miviwyeba, masze refleqsiis
arndoma daufaravi samxilia mis mier Tavisi rTuli memkvidreo-
bis gacnobierebis, sadac seqsi da ekonomika ara imdenad gansaz-
Rvravdnen yovelTvis erTmaneTs, ramdenadac ganapirobebdnen.“
,,trfoba wamebulTa“ sakuTar Tavs iazrebs, rogorc ,,qar-
Tlis cxovrebis“ axal ,,proeqts“, amdenad is bunebrivad aris
(unda yofiliyo) hiperteqsti. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom teqsti
amad yofnis movaleobas warmatebiT asrulebs. rac Seexeba ,,gu-
lubryvilo“ kiTxvas teqstis samomavlo funqciis Sesaxeb, vit-
yviT: aris teqstebi, romlebisTvisac dro mxolod xdomilebaTa
ganbnevaa sivrceSi, istoria _ wera-kiTxvis permanentuli aqti,
romelSic aRniSnuli moqmedebebi (wera-kiTxva) urTierTmoZrav
semiotikur mruds qmnis. es erTi kosmiuri wrea, romlis geo-
metrias acdenebi, wyvetebi, mcdari traeqtoriebi ver cvlis.
SeiZleba iTqvas asec: wera/sityva centria, moqmedeba – wiri,
romlis diapazonic centrismieri vibraciiT ganizideba usasru-
lobaSi... (,,pirvelad iyo sityva...“).
amasTan, kiTxvisa da gagebis rac ufro naklebad masobriv si-
namdviles qmnis wigni, miT ufro metia misi kulturuli Zala-
ufleba.
romanis eqsistenciuri da kulturuli gamowvevebis Sesaxeb
Tavad avtori ase msjelobs: ,,dedamiwis zurgze orad ori ada-
miani arsebobda, romlebsac aqtiurad viTvaliswinebdi „trfoba
wamebulTaze“ muSaobis dros: ilia WavWavaZe da mixeil javaxiS-
vili. es aris Cemi mexsierebis yvelaze ufro cnobieri, dauviw-
yari gamocdileba da swored amitom aRvniSnav amas xazgasmiT.
192 nana trapaiZe
faqtobrivad, „trfoba wamebulTa“ iyo im kiTxvaze pasuxis gace-

mis survili, Tu ratom dawera erTma „bednieri eri“, meorem ki
– „jayos xiznebi“... Cemi samuSao mdgomareobda im tkivilis ara
mxolod daTmenis, aramed gaazrebis mcdelobaSi, romelsac CemSi
yovelTvis iwvevda „bednieri eris“ da „jayos xiznebis“ TviT
arsebobis faqtic ki, rom araferi vTqva maTTan Cems dialogze,
maTi saTqmelis gagebis moTxovnilebaze (anu, me mainteresebda
ara maTmieri kritika, aramed – is metafizikuri baza, romelsac
maTi es kritika efuZneboda; araxiluli, metic, poeturi mxare).
Cemi teqsti iyo ara imdenad pasuxi, ramdenadac – SekiTxva,
ukeT, garkveuli mxatvruli formiT Camoyalibebuli SekiTxva.
(...) xolo ratom ver gavcemdi pasuxs sul sxvadasxva gamocdi-
lebis mkiTxvelis erTaderT SekiTxvas, Tu ratom arsebobs es
teqsti saerTod, es TavSive vTqvi: „trfoba wamebulTa“ Tavad
aris SekiTxva. da es SekiTxva piradad me teqstis gareT sulac
ar mtovebs (rac CemTvis principuli sakiTxia).”
erTi, cnobili aluziiT, daTo barbaqaZis mxatvruli ambicia
aseTia: pirveli, vinc qarTvel ers sila gaawna, iyo ilia WavWa-
vaZe, leqsiT ,,bednieri eri“ (romelSic ,,bednieri“ satirulad
akninebs qarTvel ers), meore _ mixeil javaxiSvili, romaniT
,,jayos xiznebi“ (am romanis mTavari Tema kulturis dasasrulia,
gamoxatuli cxovrebis uunarobaSi, unayofobaSi, faqtobrivad
zezeur sikvdilSi, romelic erTi infantiluri da keTili inte-
leqtualuri kacis piradi tragediiT aris gadmocemuli. roman-
Si sabWoTa epoqaSivea naCvenebi (ramac Seiwira kidec avtori me-
20 saukunis 30-iani wlebis sabWoTa represiebis dros, aseve
mokles ilia WavWavaZec amave saukunis dasawyisSi swored sabWo-
Ta sistemis ideologiurma mesveurebma...) pirvelyofili Zalis
perspeqtivebi axal samyaroSi, romelSic sabWoeTic Sedis da
romlis msxverplic nawarmoebSi gamodis Zveli qarTuli kul-
tura axali sabWoTa demokratiis xelSi...) da mesame _ daTo
barbaqaZe fsevdohagiografiuli qronikiT ,,trfoba wamebulTa“.
,,me mqonda imedi, rom „trfoba wamebulTa“ ar iqneboda aRqmuli
uxamsobad, sul mcire, moazrovne adamianebis mier. vfiqrobdi,
rom im stadiis gavlis mere, romelic mosdevs xolme msgavsi
formebiT saTqmelis gamoxatvas, teqsti daubrundeboda Tavis
Sinagan dinebas da gadarCeboda gadasarCeni, rogorc yovelTvis
xdeba literaturaSi. erTaderTi, visdami SiSic drodadro Tavs
maxsenebda (es ukve mere, teqstis gamoqveynebis momdevno wleb-
Si), iyvnen e. w. patriotebi da fundamentalist-marTlmadideb-

lebi, romlebsac TavianTi erTgulebis gamosavlenad SeiZleboda
saqme gaCenodaT Cemi saxiT (anu meSinoda mxolod fizikuri anga-
riSsworebis). iqve, Tavs vimSvidebdi imiT, rom am teqstisTvis
didxans ver moiclidnen saqarTvelos ukeTesi momavlisTvis
brZoliT dakavebuli, yvelaze ufro uxeSi Zalebi... me gacnobie-
rebuli mqonda politikursa da mxatvruls Soris winaaRmdego-
bis ara garduvaloba am teqstSi, aramed – misi makonstruirebe-
li funqcia (nebismieri teqsti avtoris daumTavrebeli, wer-
tildausmeli Sinagani winaaRmdegobebis moZraobaSi erTi garkve-
uli monakveTis kristalizebas axdens; sxvagvarad SeuZlebeli
iqneboda cnobierebis gadanacvleba axali teqstis Sesaqmnelad;
xSirad xom wertili yvelaze ufro Seusabamo momentSi ismis
ara mxolod cxovrebaSi, aramed – teqstSic, da aseTi wertili
misi pirobiTobis xazgamsmeli ufroa, vidre – dasrulebis aR-
mniSvneli“ (daTo barbaqaZe).
,,silis gawvna“ adrec da axlac bevrma miiCnia advil da da-
udevar saqmed, Tumca araferi imden sifaqizes, erTgulebas (na-
Telmxilvelur Wvretas da rwmenis Zalas) ar moiTxovs, ro-
gorc ,,silis gawvna,“ _ siyvarulis es yvelaze dafaruli da
yvelaze gacxadebuli, yvelaze uxeSi da yvelaze faqizi aqti,
radgan amgvari biologiurobamde Rrma sensitivuroba mxolod
sakuTari nawilis mimarT SeiZleba arsebobdes. faqtia, arafris
mimarT adamianebi ise ar ucxovdebian, rogorc _ sakuTari nawi-
lis mimarT. amitom gamorkvevis, xelaxali cnobis pasuxismgeb-
lobas is iRebs, visi mexsierebac pirveladi mTlianobis xats
inaxavs. pirvelad xatTan, mTlianobasTan, daSoreba-daaxloebis
pozitiur saTqmelad aRbeWdva zogjer ukiduresi negaciis gziT
mJRavndeba. aq (iseve, rogorc ilia WavWavaZesa an mixeil java-
xiSvilTan) es ar aris epataJi. es gamoxatvis metafizikaa, rom-
lis mizania ukiduresi sizuste. sizuste ki uxamsobamde ukom-
promisoa. igi mxolod SiSveli simarTlisken iltvis da gzad
arRvevs yvelafers, riTac adamianTa ,,keTili gulebi“ yofiere-
bis usaxur siSiSvles faraven. swored aseTi teqstia ,,trfoba
wamebulTa“. es aris erTgvari eqsistencialur-Teologiuri apo-
fatika RmerTisa da siyvarulis Sesaxeb.
eqsistenciuri kritika, romanis es ideuri safuZveli, avto-
ris ganmartebiT, ,,ra Tqma unda, mtkivneul religiur sakiTxebs
utrialebs, Tundac – cnobierad Tu gaucnobiereblad yvela qar-
194 nana trapaiZe
TvelisTvis Tanamdev tradiciul siamayes mariam RvTismSoblis

wilxvedrobaSi saqarTvelos gadacemisa da am siamayis miuxedavad
(da iqneb Sedegadac) adamianTa savsebiT gasagebi praqtikuli
cnobismoyvareobisa, Tu sad gadis RvTismSoblis moTminebis saz-
Rvari da ra unda Caidinos saqarTvelom iseTi, rom RvTismSo-
belma igi miatovos, anu: marTla yvelaferi epatiebaT qarTve-
lebs? iqneb, Tavisdagaucnobiereblad, saqarTvelo aseTi Tamami
eqsperimentis obieqtic aris da organizatoric? yovel SemTxve-
vaSi, xedvis kuTxis arSecvla da mudmivad xazgasma imisa, rom
saqarTvelo mariamis wilxvedri qveyanaa da RmerTi mas arasdros
miatovebs, „trfoba wamebulTa“-Si satiruli SekiTxvis saxiT
Semobrunda: rogor miatovebs RmerTi imas, rac ukve miatova?...”
(daTo barbaqaZe, 2003 weli).
TviTgaucxoebis ukiduresad kritikuli viTareba „trfoba
wamebulTa“-Si aseTive mxatvrul ukiduresobamdea miyvanili.
ukiduresobamdea miyvanili TviTon literatura, rogorc faqti
da rogorc procesi. rac imas niSnavs, rom is mokvda, misi sik-
vdili aRsrulebul iqna, raTa xelaxla daibados. es ,,saqme“
qarTul literaturaSi daTo barbaqaZem gaakeTa. amis iqeT mxo-
lod Semobrunebaa (yvelaferi sxva, mxolod sikvdilis adgilis
tkepnaa, an ubralod, adgilis sruli ucodinroba), radgan aq
ukve dasasrulia, _ gza aRar aris.
dabolos, werili minda davamTavro daTo barbaqaZis sityve-
biT misive essedan ,,Semxvedri winaaRmdegobebi“, romelic
„trfoba wamebulTa“-s Seqmnidan ori wlis mere, 1994 wels,
aris dawerili da teqstis sabaziso Teoriuli sayrdenebis Se-
jamebas warmoadgens. kidev ufro mniSvnelovania esseSi mocemuli
mwerlis gamWoli mzera literaturuli procesebis mimarT, ro-
mlebic Cvens sinamdvileSi axla cnobierdeba, Tumca zustad 17
wlis win iqna moniSnuli sruliad garkveviT da zustad, im
dros, roca postmodernistuli bumi (arafers vambob mis kri-
zisze) jer kidev gasavleli gza iyo CvenSi:
,,garkveuli tradiciiT ganmtkicebuli sistemis rRvevisken
da axal sistemad misi transformirebisken mimarTuli samuSao
yovelTvis improvizaciuli saxis matarebelia da, aqedan gamom-
dinare, misTvis niSneuli radikalizmic mxolod operacionalu-
ri sayrdenis rols asrulebs, romelic, adre Tu gvian, auci-
leblad unda gadailaxos... Tu kants verwmunebiT, rom esTetiku-
ri Wvreta sruliad gulgrilia misi sagnis arseboba-ararsebo-
bis mimarT, maSin unda vaRiaroT, rom Cveni dro, meoce saukunis
miwuruli, erTsa da imave dros, esTetikis sruli hegemoniis
drocaa da misi sruli kraxis Jamic. kirkegoris definiciasac
Tu gavixsenebT, maSin aseT suraTs miviRebT: XX saukunis miwu-
ruls esTetika sabolood mowyda eTikas da marto aRmoCnda.
albaT, amasac gulisxmoben postmodernis Teoretikosebi, roca
realobis agoniurobaze miuTiTeben. magram CemTvis gansakuTrebiT
axlobelia kasireris SeniSvna, rom miTebi, gansxvavebiT xelovne-
bisgan, sulac ar arian gulgrili realobisadmi. Cemi Rrma
rwmeniT, ukve aris imis niSnebi, rom sul male dasabami miecema
sruliad axlebur xedvas, axal reaqcias, da es iqneba reaqcia
swored realobis gaqrobaze, magram axali iqneba igi imdenad,
ramdenadac aRar dakmayofildeba gamqral realobaSi cxovrebiT
da TamaSiT, da am araras aujanydeba. dRes ara mxolod aradamak-
mayofilebeli, aramed dogmaturi da agresiulic kia gamqrali
realobis metaforiT operireba. axla realobis aRdgenaze zrun-
vaa mTavari. amaSi, albaT, sruliad arauwyinar da araumniSvnelo
rols Seasrulebs axali naturalizmi da axali empirizmi. vfiq-
rob, es procesi racionaluri da hermenevtikuli wiaRsvlebis
paralelurad da vizualuri cnobierebis sapirispirod warimar-
Teba. Cveni epoqa anu drois is monakveTi, romelic ukve didi
xania Tavis TavSi brunavs, totaluri vizualizaciis epoqaa, -
roca racionalizmis Cixidan adamianis gamoTavisuflebis mowadi-
ne da am mizniT Signidan gareT, siRrmidan zedapirze orientire-
buli aTasgvari teqnika, kadrebis swrafmonacvleoba da siCqare,
ierarqiebis ngrevis paTosi da pirveladsa da meorads Soris
sazRvrebis waSlis politika adamianis gadarCenisave sapirispiro
tendenciad Semoiqca. istoriaSi ucvleli paradigmebi ar arse-
bobs, magram paradigmebis monacvleobis procesi ucvlelia. aris
dro, roca siRrme zedapirma unda gaamJRavnos. esaa postmoder-
nis epoqa. magram dgeba dro, roca siRrme siRrmiTve unda gam-
JRavndes da gacnobierdes. es ukve is xanaa, romelic postmo-
derns moxsnis da Seinaxavs” (daTo barbaqaZe, ,,Semxvedri winaaR-
mdegobebi“, Tebervali, 1994 weli; xazi Cvenia - n. t.)
baTumi, 2011 weli

irine CaCaniZe
sqesi da genderi:
leqsikografiuli panorama
„qali da mamakaci es is ori notia, romelTa

gareSec adamianis sulis simebi ver mogvcem-
da zust da srulyofil akords“.
juzepe maZini
genderi, rogorc termini, qalTa

kvlevebSi gamoCnda samociani wlebis mi-
wuruls. igi Semovida laTinur enebSi
gramatikuli sqesis aRmniSvneli sityva
gender-isgan da SeiZina socialuri sqe-
sis mniSvneloba.
genderuli da feministuri kvleve-
bis ZiriTadi aspeqtebia genderi, biolo-
giuri da gramatikuli sqesi. mocemul
SemTxvevaSi mivmarTavT dasavleTSi war-
moqmnil da samecniero mimoqcevaSi ukve
sakmaod aprobirebul cnebebs; gramatiku-
li sqesi warmoadgens sxvadasxva metyve-
lebis nawilisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ka-
tegorias, romlis mixedviTac sityvebi
jgufdeba, ZiriTadad, or an sam klasad.
es klasebi ki zogjer erTgvar korela-
cias amJRavnebs biologiur sqesTan. rac
Seexeba mesames _ genders, igi socio-
kulturul sqess warmoadgens da mis
farglebSi gamoiyofa ara mdedri da mam-
ri, aramed qaluroba da mamakacuroba,
sqesi da genderi leqsikografiuli panorama 197
xolo kvlevis Sesabamisi dargi miznad isaxavs zemoaRniSnulis

gamovlinebis Seswavlas sazogadoebisa da kulturis sxvadasxva
sferoSi. „Tu biologiuri sqesi ganasxvavebs „mdedrobiTsa da
„mamrobiTs“, socialuri sqesi ki „qalurobasa“ da „mamakacuro-
bas,“ e.i. genderuli identifikacia SeiZleba moxdes kulturis,
droisa da sivrcis faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT“ (kikviZe
2010:14).
“genderi rTuli kompleqsia, romelSic gadajaWvulia
kulturuli, fsiqologiuri da socialuri aspeqtebi. Ees aspeq-
tebi ki, Tavis mxriv, ganapirobebs erovnuli enobrivi pirovnebis
qcevas, rac genderTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs lingvistebisaTvi-
sac sainteresos xdis. genders, rogorc enisa da kulturis mov-
lenas, Seiswavlis axlad Seqmnili disciplinebi: lingvokultu-
rologia, genderlingvistika da genderpoetika” (omiaZe 2010).
erT-erTi aqtualuri sakiTxi, romelic ganixileba sae-
naTmecniero axali mimarTulebis WrilSi, sqesisa da genderis
leqsikografiuli aRweraa. aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganpirobebulia
rigi faqtorebiT; moxdes leqsikaSi arsebuli aqtiuri procese-
bis gaazreba da dafiqsireba, romlebic asaxavs sazogadoebaSi
socialur cvlilebebs, kulturuli faseulobebis cvlas, da
aseve axal lingvistur monacemebs, miRebuls enis Tanamedrove
kvlevis procesSi da, maT Soris _ lingvistur genderologiaSi.
genderi enaSi warmoaCens qalisa da mamakacis metyvelebi-
saTvis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebebs. aqedan gamomdinare, gende-
ruli lingvistika swavlobs qalebisa da mamakacebisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebel sametyvelo stereotipebs. gansxvaveba qalisa da mamaka-
cis metyvelebaSi odiTganvea SemCneuli, rasac, umetes SemTxveva-
Si, socialuri faqtoriT xsnian.
pirvelad, sqesis gramatikul kategoriasTan erTad, bio-
logiuri sqesis faqtori enis kavSirTan mimarTebiT warmoiSva
antikur xanaSi. gramatikuli sqesis funqciobis erT-erTi uZve-
lesi Teoria simbolikur-semantikuri hipoTezaa, romelic safuZ-
vlad udevs biologiuri kategoriis sexus-isa da gramatikuli
kategoriis genus-is Tanafardobas. simbolikur-semantikuri hi-
poTezis momxreebi (herderi, grimi. v.f. humboldti) Tvlidnen,
rom gramatikuli sqesi warmoiSva bunebrivi zemoqmedebis Sede-
gad. arsebobda miTologiuri azrovnebis or ZiriTadi Tavisebu-
reba: animizmi (pirvelyofil xalxTa rwmena, rom yvela sagans
198 irine CaCaniZe
aqvs suli) da anTropomorfizmi (RvTaebis warmodgena adamianis

saxis mqoned). maTze damyarebuli hipoTezis Tanaxmad, unda aRi-
niSnos, rom mamrobiTi sqesis saxelebi iTvleboda pirvelxaris-
xovnad, radgan igi ganasaxierebda Zlevamosilebas, aqtiurobasa
da energias. xolo, mdedrobiTi sqesis saxelebi, piriqiT, xasi-
aTdebodnen pasiurobiTa da morCilebiT.
axlo aRmosavleTis adreuli epoqis xalxTa civilizacia-
Si SemCneulia mdedrobiT da mamrobiTi gramatikuli sqesis gan-
sxvavebani. ase, magaliTad, Sumerul enaSi arsebobda dedis, mamis,
disa da Zmis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, magram RmerTs ewodeboda
“dingir”, xolo qalRmerTs ki _ „dingir.ama“ (sityvasityviT _
„qalRmerTi-deda”); vaJs ewodeboda „dumu“, xolo qaliSvils-
„dumu.mi “(„mdedrobiTi sqesis Ze“). .SesaZlebelia,“RmerTi mama“
dapirispireboda „qalRmerT-dedas“, xolo“ mamrobiTi sqesis
„Ze“ki _ „mdedrobiTi sqesis Zes“. es aixsneboda imiT, rom msof-
lioSi pirveli samwerlobo ena fiqsirebuli iyo viwro, mZime
da mSral Tixis firfitebze da mokle Canawerebi aucileblobas
warmoadgenda. magram am SemTxvevaSic Cans, rom damatebiTi aRniS-
vnebi swored mdedrobiTi sqesisaa.
rac Seexeba aqadur fleqsiur enaSi vaJs ewodeboda „mar-
u“,xolo qaliSvils _ „mar-t-u“; Zmas „a-hu“, das ki _ „ah-at-u“.
swored qalis aRmniSvnel Ziriseul morfemaSi Caismeba mdedro-
biTi sqesis maCvenebeli “t”: qals aqadurad ewodeboda“ sinnish-t-
u“. zogadad, aqaduri enis leqsikuri Semadgenloba hgavs Tana-
medrove frangul enas, romelsac ori sqesi aqvs: mamrobiTi,
romlisTvisac ar gamoiyeneba sqesis ganmsazRvreli maCvenebeli
da mdedrobiTi, romelic saWiroebs Casmas.
qalTa da mamakacTa sametyvelo gansxvavebebis fiqsaciis
erT-erT uZveles SemTxvevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos Zvel babilonSi
Sesrulebuli Cvenamde moRweuli zogierTi leqsikografiuli
naSromi: “Cveulebrivi Sumeruli“ saliteraturo“ enis garda
(Sum.ene-K U, an kidev -eme-girx) arsebobda aseve gansakuTrebu-
li „qaluri“ Sumeruli ena-eme-sal, romelic gamoiyeneboda qal-
RmerTTa kultSi. amis Sesabamisad Seadgines samenovani eme-sal-
eme-KU-aqaduri leqsikoni,“dimmer=dingir=ilu” (samive sityva
niSnavs „RmerTs“ am sam enaze) diakonovi, 1980, gv. 23). iqve,
sqolioSi avtori SeniSnavs, rom es „qaluri“ ena gamoiyeneboda
(werisas) qalRmerTebisa da qalebis, aseve saWurisTa metyvele-

bis gadmosacemad (kikviZe 2010:15).
mdedrobiTi da mamrobiTi sqesis gansxvavebani SemCneulia
uZvelesi kulturis mqone qveynebis miTebSic, egvipteSi, Suamdi-
nareTSi, saberZneTsa da ZvelindoeTSi. magaliTad, egviptis Rmer-
Tebi ganasaxierebdnen bunebis Zalebs _ RmerTebi cisa, dedamiwi-
sa da wylisa. egviptis mdore sazogadoebaSi jer kidev ar iyo
Zleuli matriarqatis gadmonaSTebi im dros, roca yalibdeboda
bunebis ZiriTad ZalTa es kulti. amitomac cis RvTaeba egvipte-
lebs warmodgenili hyavdaT qalRmerTis saxiT, romelsac warmo-
saxavdnen xolme an qalad an Zroxad. xolo dedamiwa maT war-
modgenili hqondaT ara mdedrobiTi sawyisis, aramed mamakacis
saxiT. cis qalRmerTs egvipturad ewodeboda nuti, xolo deda-
miwis RmerTs – gebi. matriarqatis niSan-kvali imaSic gamoixate-
boda, rom nilosi warmosaxuli hyavdaT, rogorc naxevrad mama-
kaci da naxevrad dedakaci (struve 1946:242).
sqesze damokidebuli damwerlobis diferenciacia specifi-
kuri movlenaa, romelic sxvadasxva samwerlobo enebSi arse-
bobs. es movlena ganpirobebulia kulturuli garemos religiu-
ri, socialuri da sxva faqtorebiT. magaliTad, iukagirebisTvis
damwerlobis tradicia da piqtografiuli niSnebiT sargebloba
qalebis wilxvedria. tuaregebis uZvelesi damwerloba tifinagi
gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad qalebis mier, mamakacebi ki sargebloben
arabuli damwerlobiT. mecnierebisTvis cnobilia SemTxvevebi,
rodesac qalebis damwerloba gansxvavdeboda klasikurisagan. ma-
galiTad, Cinuri ideografiuli kaligrafiis erT-erTi saxeoba
„nu-Su“ Camoyalibda me-3 aTaswleulSi Cv. eramde, rodesac Cine-
Tis mmarTveloba ukrZalavda qalebs ganaTlebas. aRniSnuli mi-
zezis gamo, qalebma Seqmnes sakuTari, saidumlo ena da damwer-
loba, romelic mamakacebisaTvis sruliad gaugebari iyo.
erT-erT pirvel moculobiT da sistematizebul naSromad
ki, romelSic asaxulia qalTa da mamakacTa enobriv-genderuli
dapirispireba, iTvleba 1964 wels gamosuli „karaibul-frangu-
li leqsikoni“ (romlis avtori misioneri beri, vinme roSfori
gaxldaT), sadac moTxrobilia imis Sesaxeb, rom mcire antilis
kunZulebis mkvidri qalebi iqauri mamakacebisagan gansxvavebul
enaze saubroben, risi mizezic is yofila, rom, rodesac karai-
bebma daipyres es kunZulebi, maT amoxoces yvela iqauri mamakaci,
200 irine CaCaniZe
xolo qalebi ki colad SeirTes (iesperseni, 1922,gv.237). sagu-

lisxmoa, rom ufro gviandeli periodis mkvlevrebma msgavsi ve-
raferi daafiqsires aRniSnul regionSi (kikviZe 2010:16).
vladimer dalis rusuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi mam-
robiToba (mamakaci) asocirdeba sityvasTan marcxena, xolo
mdedrobiToba (qali) _ marjvena. rusuli xalxuri Tqmulebis
mixedviT, „Tu marjvena warbi giTamaSebs, Tavi unda dauxaro ma-
makacs, Tu marcxena _ qals“. mamrobiTobas aqvs egzoteruli, eq-
stravertuli mniSvneloba (Signidan gareT), xolo mdedrobiTo-
bas ki _ ezoTeruli, intravertuli (garedan SigniT): „kaci da
ZaRli mudam ezoSia, xolo dedakaci da kata samudamod qoxSi“.
„modis colis naTesaoba _ gaaRe WiSkari, modis qmris naTesaoba
_ dakete WiSkari“. qali, zogadsimboluri warmodgenebiT defor-
mirebuli, cvalebadi sawyisia: „cols irTavs, xelaxla ibadeba“.
mamrobiTi sqesis sityva iTvaliswinebs rTul qvewyobil, ierar-
qiul damokidebulebas: „saxe damokidebulia sqesze, rogorc gva-
ri saxeze“. „davaJkaceba _ jansaRad gaazreba“, _ rogorc Seefe-
reba kacs“, _ vkiTxulobT leqsikonSi. (Даль 1980:10). yvela es
maxasiaTebeli srul TanafardobaSia kulturogenetikur Tvise-
bebTan erTad.
jer kidev antikur xanaSi gramatikuli sqesis arsebobisa
da garCevis sakiTxma gamoiwvia didi interesi da kamaTi. igi
dResdReobiTac rCeba diskusiis sagnad. ukve me-5 saukuneSi
Cv.eramde Zveli berZeni sofisti protagora yofda arsebiT saxe-
lebs sami sqesis mixedviT: „mamrobiTi“, „mdedrobiTi“ da „niv-
Tis“. igi aRniSnavda, rom niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic damaxasiaTe-
belia mamakacebisaTvis, miekuTvneba mamrobiT sqess. mag. „risxva“
mamrobiTi sqesisaa, vinaidan es Tviseba maT axasiaTebT. protago-
ra sqesis garCevisas gamoiyenebda aseve morfologiur kriteriu-
mebsac, radgan sqesis kategoria gamoixateba artiklebisa da at-
ributuli SeTanxmebis saSualebiT. protagoraa avtori termini-
sa jevos- sqesi, romelic gamoiyeneboda berZnul gramatikaSi gra-
matikuli da biologiuri sqesis aRsaniSnavad. xolo romaelebma
SemoiRes ori termini: sexsus _ biologiuri sqesi da genus _
gramatikuli sqesi. Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebaSi ki, a. evgenevas
leqsikonis mixedviT, biologiuri sqesi cocxali organizmis
TvisebaTa erTobliobaa, romelic ganayofierebas eqvemdebareba da
romlis mixedviTac ganirCeva mdedrobiTi da mamrobiTi individe-
bi. gramatikuli sqesi ki warmoadgens arsebiTi saxelis leqsi-

kur - gramatikul kategorias, romelic sami klasisagan Sedgeba:
mdedrobiTi, mamrobiTi da saSualo sqesi (Евгеньева 1981-88).
frangma mkvlevarma tereza de lauretisma genderis kate-
goriis Taobaze Seadgina mcire eqskursi sxvadasxva qveynebis
leqsikonebis mixedviT. inglisuri enis memkvidreobis amerikul
leqsikonSi (American Hieritage Dictionary of English Language)
sityva genderi gansazRvrulia pirveli mniSvnelobiT, rogorc
klasifikaciuri termini, aseve morfologiuric („gramatikuli
sqesi~). meore mniSvnelobiT ki ganmartebulia, rogorc „biolo-
giuri sqesis klasifikacia“. romanul enebSi gramatikasa da bio-
logiur sqess Soris aseTi siaxlove ar arsebobs. espanur
genero, italiur genere da frangul genere-s ar gaaCniaT aravi-
Tari kavSiri adamianis biologiur da gramatikul sqesebTan.
amis nacvlad gamoiyeneba sxva sityva _ seqsi (sex). lauretisis
ganmartebiT, sqesisa da genderis sistema warmoadgens Tanadrou-
lad sociokulturul konstruqtsa da semiotikur instru-
ments, romelic gulisxmobs identifikacias, prestiJs da sta-
tuss socialur ierarqiaSi (Laureris T. de. Technologies of
Gender. Bloomington, 1987).
Tavis „lingvistur terminTa leqsikonSi“ o. axmanova gvaZ-
levs sqesis ganmartebas, rogorc arsebiTi saxelis leqsikur-
gramatikuli kategoriisa. igi gamoyofs Semdeg aRniSvnebs: grama-
tikuli sqesi (grammatical gender) _ sqesi, rogorc formaluri
kategoria; bunebrivi sqesi (natural gender)- sqesis bunebrivi da
enobrivi kategoriebis Sexameba; usulo sqesi (inanimate gender)-
mamrobiTisa da mdedrobiTis sapirispiro, romelic gaerTianebu-
lia sulier sqesSi; arasaSualo sqesi (non- neuter gender)-
kategoriul formaTa erToblioba, romelic sapirispiroa saSua-
lo sqesisa. saerTo sqesi (common gender) _ sqesis mniSvnelo-
ba, romelic Seesabameba rogorc mamrobiT, aseve mdedrobiTsac.
sulieri sqesi (animate gender) _ mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi sqe-
si erTad. (Ахманова 1966). unda aRiniSnos, rom axmanova Semoi-
fargleba mxolod terminTa ganxilviT da ar miuTiTebs maT
opoziciur principebze.
qarTulma enam gramatikuli sqesi ar icis, sityvis mniSven-
lobiT irkveva biologiuri sqesi: mamakaci da dedakaci, mamani da
202 irine CaCaniZe
dedani, mamali da dedali, vaJi da qali, biWi da gogo, xvadi da

Zu, Ze da asuli.
sulxan-saba orbeliani Tavis leqsikonSi «sqess» ganmar-

tavs, rogorc gamyofels: «sqesi ars viTarca kibe rame, gina ni-
Sani ram(e) gamyofeli, viTarca ganeyof(v)is aRsavali STasavalsa
sqesiTa, ukeTu xelovnebisa mier, viTar igi moZRvrisaჲ mowafisa
mi-marT...» (sulxan-saba orbeliani 1949:330). mis leqsikonSic
Cans cda qarTulSi gramatikuli sqesis aRniSvnisa. cdilobs, e.
w. mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi sqesis formebi erTmaneTs daboloe-
biT daupirispiros:
mamrobiTi – mdedrobiTi
CCჳli da CCჳla
usuari da usuara
ninveli da ninvala
yrma da yrmaჲ
Wabuki da Wabuka
moxucebuli da moxucebula
qarTuli enis enciklopediuri leqsikonis mixedviT, gende-

ri ganmartebulia, rogorc socialuri sqesi, romelic enaSi
warmoaCens qalisa da mamakacis metyvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
Taviseburebebs. àqedan gamomdinare, genderuli lingvistika
swavlobs qalebisa da kacebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sametyvelo
stereotipebs“ (qarTuli ena, enciklopedia (2008:109).
multilingvur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebul terminTa gan-

martebiT leqsikonSi genderi mecnierebaSi socialuri sqesis aR-
saniSnavad gamoiyeneba. sqesi dakavSirebulia qalsa da mamakacs
Soris fizikur, sxeulebriv gansxvavebebTan, cneba `genderi~ ki
miuTiTebs maT fsiqologiur, socialur da kulturul Tavise-
burebebze. sqesi biologiurad aris gansazRvruli, genderi ki
socialuri da kulturuli faqtorebiT aris ganpirobebuli da
aRniSnavs qalisa da mamakacis socialurad naswavli qcevebis,
Tvisebebisa da damokidebulebebis nakrebs (multilingvur ganaT-
lebasTan dakavSirebul terminTa ganmartebiTi leqsikoni
2008:32)
dasasrul, genderuli midgomebis TvalsazrisiT, leqsikog-

rafiuli wyaroebis analizma SesaZlebloba mogvca migveRo in-
formacia sqesisa da genderis Sesaxeb, romelic aRwerilia sac-
nobaro masalebSi, informacia imis Taobaze, Tu rogoraa gaazre-
buli maTSi konceptebi “qaluroba” da “mamakacuroba”.
damowmebuli literatura
kikviZe 2010: zaal kikviZe, ena, genderi da nacionalizmi, Tbili-

si
omiaZe 2010: salome omiaZe, erTi genderuli stereotipis Sesa-
xeb poeziis enaSi (ana kalandaZe, muxran maWavariani)
Jurnali “semiotika”, Tbilisi
struve 1946:v.struve, Zveli aRmosavleTis istoria, Tbilisi

Античные теории языка и стиля 1936, Москва- Ленинград
lauretisi 1987: Lauretis T. de. Technologies of
Gender.Bloomington
http://www.rbardalzo.narod.ru/text_gram_slovar1.html#ПОЛ_И_ПИ
СЬМО
leqsikonebi
axmanova 1966: Ахманова О.С. Словарь лингвистических терминов,

Москва
dali 1980: Даль В.Толковый словарь живого великорусского
языка,Москва
evgeneva 1980: Евгеньева А.П. , Словарь русского языка, Москва
enciklopedia 2008: qarTuli ena, Tbilisi
multilingvur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebul terminTa ganmartebi-

Ti leqsikoni, 2008
orbeliani 1949: sulxan-saba orbeliani, sityvis kona qarTuli,

romel ars leqsikoni, Tbilisi
SoTa barbaqaZe
`Ria~ adamianebi `Ria

sazogadoebaSi~
M
mecnierebis yvela dargi dResac

qalwulebriv mdgomareobaSia. amitom
adamiani qmnis, amowmebs, afasebs da av-
rcelebs kulturas kvlevisa da swavle-
bis gziT. swavleba da kvleva urTierTi-
sagan ganuyofelia, raTa saswavlo pro-
cesi ar CamorCes sazogadoebis cvalebad
moTxovnebsa da samecniero codnis miR-
wevebs; adamiani mudmivad miiswrafis
universaluri codnisaken. mis winaSe
mdgari amocanebis Sesrulebisas igi
scildeba geografiul da politikur
sazRvrebs da adasturebs sxvadasxva
kulturaTa urTierTSecnobisa da urTi-
erTgavlenis sasicocxlo aucileblobas.
kulturaTa gansxvavebis miReba-aRiarebas,
axal kulturasTan adaptacias, integra-
cias orive (mSobliur da axal) kultu-
raSi. aseTi procesebi kulturaSi dade-
biT rols TamaSobs, vinaidan xels uw-
yobs kulturaTa urTierTqmedebasa da
urTierTgamdidrebas, tradiciul kul-
turaSi sxva kulturul elementTa in-
tegracias, kulturaTa Riaobis zrdas.
anu unda gafarTovdes, gamravldes da
gamravalferovndes kulturuli alter-
nativebi, raTa amaRldes Sinagani Tavi-
suflebis xarisxi. ar SeiZleba Seyu-
`Ria~ adamianebi `Ria sazogadoebaSi~ 205
Julni viyoT sakuTari ideologiis javSanSi. kultura maSin
wyvets zrdas, roca axali araferi Cans, yoveli mxridan per-
speqtivebis uCveulo simwirea, mxolod araerTxel daWaSnikebu-
li gaxunebuli debulebebis jiriTs vumzerT `kulturis ipod-
romze~. dabinduli da bundovania yvela ambis dasawyisi, magram
kvlevis Sedegad _ ara maTi bolo. nebismieri sferos kritiku-
li Tu pozitiuri istoria gamomdinareobs ara ideebidan, aramed
faqtebidan, kvlevis progresidan. kvlevis mravalferovneba
gvkarnaxobs, rom animistur samyaroSi vcxovrobT, azrebi garSe-
mortymulia tabus mTeli meseriT. azrovneba ar aris Tavisufa-
li rogorc viwro kulturuli kliSeebisagan, ise _ religiuri
Stampisagan. plebeuri, izolacionisturi, Caketili, kriteriume-
bisa da Rirebulebebis samyaroSi yvelaferi SeiZleba moxdes -
sigiJis mdgomareoba, retdasxmuli sicocxle da bakxanaluri
Wvreta. amitom saWiroa yvela civilizebuli xalxebis kultu-
rasTan urTierToba. m. verbicki ganmartavs, rom: `marginalebi,
romelTa ricxvi mudmivad izrdeba, amovardnilebi arian yvela
konteqstidan da verafriT Tavsdebian `kulturaSi~. amis Sede-
gad Cndeba konspirologiuri Teoriebi, uazro kultebi da sxva
eniT auwereli, ucnauri post-kulturuli artefaqtebi. Tumca
aqtualuri socialuri situaciis gasagebad, koleqtiuri bodvis
es artefaqtebi ufo adekvaturi, saintereso da gamosadegia,
vidre `kulturis~ produqtebi – mosawyeni stereotipebis gawo-
nasworebuli koleqciebi~. amitom kamilo xose sela ambobs:
`yvelaze didi jildo aris is, roca ici, risi Tqma SegiZlia,
xma gamosce, sityvebi gamocra emociis, movlenebisa Tu sagnebis
aRsaniSnavad. sityvebi sxva araferia, Tu ara is SeTanxmeba, ro-
melsac xalxi erTaderTi mizniT aRwevs: gaugon erTmaneTs~. xo-
lo bertold brexti ambobs: `mxolod bgerebi, adamianTagan mom-
dinare. amiT vkmayofildebi.”
kargia damoukideblobis grZnoba, subieqturobis gazrdili
mniSvneloba, individualizmis progresi, magram adamianebi unda
gaTavisufldnen damyayebuli uZraobisagan, alibisturi sifrTxi-
lisagan, uSinaarso stereotipebisagan, utopiis gulmodgine aR-
mSeneblobisagan, unda Seiqmnas moqmedebis warmatebuli Targebis
da subieqturi gamocdilebis urTierTdamokidebulebaTa pirovne-
baTaSorisi komunikaciis modeli, romlis mizania xalxs aswav-
los efeqturi komunikacia. komunikaciisa da informaciis urTi-
erTgadamkveTi sistemebi qmnian urTierTdamokidebulebis qsels.
206 SoTa barbaqaZe
emociuri tkivili, Tu is saxezea, gamowveulia sazogadoebrivi

cru Sexedulebebisagan. samwuxarod bevri siyalbe, farisevloba,
pirobiToba da ritorika dagrovda. yovelive amis winaaRmdeg
janyi bunebrivia. siyalbis da farisevlobis winaaRmdeg protes-
tis gverdiT axali siyalbe da farisevloba gaCnda, rasac Seg-
viZlia vuwodoT socialuri gandevna, usiamovnebis Sirma. ar
aris aucilebeli, dadges WeSmariti realizmis era, pirveladi
realobebis gamoaSkaraveba da garegani saburvelis Semoxsna. pi-
robiTi garegani morali, ganyenebuli ideologiuri Teoriebi
kargaven TavianT odindel mniSvnelobas. mTavaria, vicodeT is,
rac bertran raselma icis: àrc erTi Cveni Sexeduleba ar aris
absoluturi WeSmariteba, yvela maTgani atarebs ganusazRvrelo-
bisa da gaurkvevlobis anabeWds. Cveni Sexedulebebis WeSmarite-
bis xarisxis gazrdis meTodebi kargadaa cnobili: is mdgomare-
obs yvela mxaris mosmenis cdaSi, sakiTxis Sesaxeb arsebuli
faqtebis dadgenis cdaSi, kamaTisas piradi mikerZoebis moTokva-
Si, agreTve unda SegveZlos uarvyoT nebismieri hipoTeza, Tu ki
cxadad damtkicdeba misi siyalbe”. aseTi midgoma erTaderTi sa-
Sualebaa romelic yvelanairi xelovnebisa da adamianuri miTis
sumirebas axdens im filosofiiT, romelsac SeuZlia miiRos
`sxva~ Tavisi gansxvavebulobiT. `totaluri Riaobis~ Sedegad
adre srulebiT tabuirebuli qcevis wesebis socialurad miReba
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba. socialuri tabus daurRvevlad, pirovnuli
ridisa da uxerxulobis barieris gadaulaxavad, adrindelze uf-
ro metad, SesaZlebeli iqneba saubari enobriv, kulturul, seq-
sualur, religiur umciresobaTa Tu umravlesobis problemebze.
mTavari devizi unda iyos: TanamSromloba, partnioroba, kavSiri
da ormxrivi survilis SemTxvevaSi arc gaerTianeba unda gamoir-
icxos. erToba mravalferovnebaSia.
nu movTxovT erTmaneTs sakuTari azrebis, ideebis, miznebis
gaziarebas, rameTu `Cveneulis~ aRqma ar aris sagnis sarkisebu-
ri, pasiuri da sruliad obieqturi, ucvleli asaxva. garkveul
farglebSi igi pirovnebiseul xasiaTs atarebs. erTsa da imave
movlenas subieqti garkveul farglebSi gansxvavebulad aRiqvams
imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria misi gamocdileba am movlenis mi-
marT, ra icis mis Sesaxeb, ra ainteresebs mas am movlenaSi, yo-
velive amis mixedviT, icvleba Tvalsazrisi, romliTac aRiqmeba
movlena, icvleba pirovnebis pozicia mis mimarT. xorxe luis
borxesi cxadyofs, rom `sazrisi~ socialuri kategoriaa. mas mi-
kuTvnebuli subieqti warmoadgens erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli
adamianebis pluralobas, maTi urTierTobiT miiReba niSnebi, rom-
lebsac isini erTmaneTs gadascemen – aseve, sazriss da imTaviTve
swored sarTo sazriss. yovel calkeul adamians surs – garkve-
uli zomiT – Secvalos is, magram Tu is am SecvlaSi Zalze
Sors wava, dakargavs Tavisi niSnebis komunikaciurobas da, amas-
Tan, mis sazrissac. aseve, fuWia mcdeloba, calke aRebuli indi-
vidis cxovrebaSi veZeboT sazrisi, imisagan damoukideblad, aqvs
Tu ara mniSvneloba am cxovrebas sxva adamianebisaTvis. adamia-
nebs sWirdebaT imis SegrZneba, rom jer kidev sabolood ar da-
karges mniSvneloba sxva adamianebisaTvis”. borxesis am pasaJis
Semdeg metad niSandoblivia opicis sityvebi:` dae, nu movimki
bevrs, Tu meqneba keTilSobili Rvino, msurs sxvebTan erTad vim-
xiarulo, Tu axlave marto unda movkvde.”
grZnobebs marTaven da Jestebs awesrigeben. magram Senive
ena Sens jaSuSad gadageqceva. zemoT Tqmuli Riaobis, urTier-
TSerwymis, mosmenis, gagebis, pativiscemis, inteleqtualuri kav-
Sirebis, adamianTa Soris civilizebuli, daxvewili, rafinirebu-
li, megobruli urTierTobebis damyarebis Camoyalibebis sawyisia
ena, romliTac Cvens azrebs, ideebs, ideologiebs, miswrafebebs,
survilebs, miznebs, SesaZleblobebs, rogorc gonebriv materia-
lurs, ise _ fizikurs, sityvierad gadmovcemT. enis meSveobiT
xSirad vcruobT, vtrabaxobT, vbaqiobT, maxes vugebT mowinaaR-
mdeges, Wors vavrcelebT, cils vwamebT, varRvevT mcnebas: moyva-
res pirSi uZraxe, mters pirs ukanao da mas vayalibebT antim-
cnebad: moyvares pirSic da zurgs ukanac vuZraxoT, xolo
mters win ukan, zeviT-qeviT, marcxniv-marjvniv, zecaSi Tu qves-
knelSi sakuTari eniT diTiramebi, groteskuli sentenciebi mi-
vuZRvnaT TiToeuli CvenganisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli individualu-
ri, sxvagan jer ar mosmenili, jer ar nanaxi, jer ar gancdili
JReradobis eniT. promeTes arwivi jijgnis, titioss qori kor-
tnis, atlass zurgze cis TaRi adgas, adamians ena àmZimebs~. ra-
meTu mis gamo vdgavarT xolme Rrmad daeWvebuli Cveni mdgoma-
reobis simyareSi. enis amoqmedebiT cruvdeba xolme yvela molo-
dini. ucnaurad ireva erTmaneTSi bundovaneba da verc erTs ver
endobi.
ena aris azris analizi, enas sWirdeba aRiareba da ara
adamianTa mier Seqmna. ena aanalizebs, ena laparakobs. amitom is
uSualod iWreba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sferoSi, socialur
208 SoTa barbaqaZe
institutebSi, is aRmniSvnelia adamianis ganviTarebis donis ma-

xasiaTeblis, ena aris sazogadoebis maregulirebeli normebis
sistema, socialuri gamocdilebis gadacemis meqanizmi. magram
enas, rogorc mixail bulgakovi ambobs, SeuZlia, simarTle dama-
los, Tvalebs ki _ arasodes. ai, magaliTad, uecrad raRacas ge-
kiTxebian, Tqven arc ki krTebiT, wamis uswrafesad iazrebT yve-
lafers, Tavs ereviT, iciT, ra unda TqvaT simarTlis dasafa-
rad, damajerebladac cruobT, saxeze ZarRvic ar gitokdebaT,
magram vai, rom am kiTxviT SeSfoTebuli simarTle sulis siR-
rmidan wamierad Tvalebs aaskdeba da Tqveni TvalTmaqcobac mTav-
rdeba. TvalebSi gamkrTal SiSs amCneven da giWeren!~ bulgakovis
es pasaJi naTlad asaxavs SoTa rusTavelis `gvelsa xvreliT
amoiyvans, ena tkbilad moubaris~ princips. enis qmnileba, pirmSo
da Ze aris sityva. uiliam Seqspiris `hamletSi~ sityva ufiqrod
ver miswvdeba cas verasodes. da moswrebuli sityva regvenis
yurs ver gamoaRviZebs. magram sityva mainc sunTqvaa, sunTqvas ki-
dev sicocxle mosdevs. `romeo da julietaSi~ sityvis saSine-
lebas ar aqvs bolo, arc sazRvari da arc zoma. amitom sityva-
ze metad sxva simdidres flobs siyvaruli julietasTvis. igi
amayobs arsiT da ara samkaulebiT. qonebas Tvisas, julietas az-
riT, maTxovrebi iTvlian mxolod. sistyvis Rirseba daujerebe-
li Worebis gavrcelebaa. mxolod garyvnilebs moswonT igi. isic
WkuamaxvilobisaTvis ki ara, aramed flidobisaTvis. Seqspiris
àurazauri arafris gamo~ gadmogvcems, rom uxamsi sityvebi
mxolod qaria, uxamsi qari – orWoli qari, orWoli qari ki
mavnebelia. ai, `meTormete Rame~ ki gveubneba, rom sityvebma Zala
dakarges mas Semdeg, rac isini valdebulebam Seryvna. `riCard
mesameSi~ sityva sevdis veqilia, tanjvis nugeSi. memkvidre aris
uanderZod mkvdar sixarulis da bedkrulobis damcvelia Tavga-
modebiT. Tavisufali gza sityvas! Tumc aras gvSvelis, magram
gulis dards gvimsubuqebs. enis raobaze sakuTar interpretacias
leqsad Txzavs hanrix haine:
`roca movkvdebi, vici, am enas
amomaglejen qenjnil gvamidan,
radgan SiSoben, rom qveynad isev
davbrundebi da enas avidgam.”
adam mickeviCis azriT: `daiklakneba sityva, rogorc mguda-
vi gveli, gveli, romelic daxveula – morig msxverpls elis.”
erTi espanura simRera Semdegs gvauwyebs sityvis raobaze:
ìloce! itire!
sityva Sobs monebs,
simRera _ sinaTles.”
nizam ganjeli `sityvis zvirTebs azvirTebs da CanCqeriviT
giJmaJobs.” mas `sityvebi gulis quraSi aqvs ganacxelebi.~ Tumca
`sityva misTvis wyaros wyalsa hgavs, bevri WiWyiniT gagWyipavs
da guli mogeyirWeba.” Semdeg `rogorc ki enas auSveb, daniT
mogsxepen iqave.” rainer maria rilkes SetyobiT: ìq, sadac sit-
yvis vani iyo, Sanarni dian.” jefri CoserisTvis àr iyofa sit-
yva da kaci” da ènas Suaze gauyvia TviT da-Zmis facxac,
megobrebze rom araferi aRar Tqvas kacma.”
flandrielebis SegonebiT: ìq aris lxena, sadac naklebad
awvaleben sityvas da enas.” ovidius nazonis `metamorfozebSi~
Sxami sdis enas. Tumca macTuri sityviT paeqroba jobia xelCar-
Tul brZolas. magram ena veluri zeTisxilis simwares mainc ig-
rZnobs, nayofi Tan dahyveba warmoTqmuli sityvebis gemos. plu-
tarqes `rCeul biografiebSi-paralelur biografiebSi” – sityva
miuxedavad imisa, rom moklea, advilad xvdeba mizans da msmenel-
Ta gulsa da suls. da amitom unda SevudgeT sakuTari mWev-
rmetyvelebis, rogorc aucilebeli iaraRis, alesvas. lorens
sternisTvis arsebobs naRdi, Tavisufali sityva romelic, ginda
cxens aiZulebs, ginda saxedars, ginda jors, aiaros aRmarTi, ne-
bavs Tu ara: rac unda gakerpebuli iyos. oTar WilaZisTvis sit-
yvamde rom miva saqme, gaCumeba sjobs. imitom, rom `sityvis qneva
ufro saxifaToa, vidre xmlisa. xmlis erTi dakvriT, didi-didi,
erTi kaci mokla, sityviT ki erTbaSad SegiZlia daaqcio mTeli
qveyana.” misi `labirinTis~ erT-erT gmirs arafris ise ar eSi-
nia, rogorc sityvis. ar ityvi Saria, ityvi _ uaresi. `waTes
wiTeli waRebis~ mixedviT, marTalia, laparaki marto adamians
SeuZlia, magram xandaxan adamianis piridan amosul sityvas gve-
lis Sxamic axlavs xolme, qaTmis sibecec da kameCis mouqnelo-
bac. magram isev `waTes wiTeli waRebSi~ vlindeba enis saWiroe-
ba: niWi zariviTaa, enas Tu Camoxsni, ginda yofila da ginda ara.
WilaZis guli mainc savsea, misi bage – metyveli, radganac gu-
lis sisavsisagan metyvelebs bage, rogorc TviTon brZanebs. gi-
orgi merCule – `cxovreba grigol xanZTelisaSi~ ambobs: `su-
lelni metyveleben, brZeni duman.” SoTa rusTavelma brZana:
`sityvani vavaqileniT, ver gavaCineT marTali, visarCleT, viTaki-
leniT~. swored amitom ganavrco Semdeg moswrebulad: `saubar-
210 SoTa barbaqaZe
man umecarman Smagi ufro gaaSmagos.” sulxan-sabam ki, àdamians

sityva tkbili unda hqondeso, gamwyrali daawynaros, ara Tu
mxiaruli gaawyros, piridan avi sityva ar waicTunos, sityvis
Tqmis Jami icodes, rac Tqvas, yovel kacs moawonoso.” daviT
guramiSvilis azriT `rac sityva tkbilad urCiva, ferxT qveS
Ralatobs yvelasa.” guramiSvilma sityvas `sityva yifur-amayu-
ri~ uwoda. ilias azriT, ènam gulisa unda Tqvas, fer-umarili
ra saWiroa.” mlorad paviCis moxsenebiT: `RmerTma, qveynierebis
Semqmnelma, angelozsa da cxovels Soris Semqna adamiani, metyve-
lebiTa da gonebiT gamoyo igi cxovelTagan, xolo mrisxanebiTa
da avxorcobiT angelozTagan, da am TvisebaTa gziT is uaxlov-
deba an umaRlesT, an umdablesT”. moliers miaCnia, rom ènas
mravali boroteba Caudenia.” deil karnegisTvis damajereblad
laparakis xelovnebis daufleba umoklesi gzaa dawinaurebisaken.
uebsters wavarTaT yvelaferi, davutovoT mxolod misi metyve-
leba da sul male yvelafers daibrunebs, rac ki gaaCnda. mon-
teskiesTvis sawyenia, roca maxvili sityva regveni msmenelis
yurSi kvdeba. sokratem rom daginaxos, unda ametyvelde. hemingu-
eis miaCnia, rom enasac Wkua moekiTxeba. ai, Smuel agnoni sakmaod
Rimilis momgvrel winadadebas gvTavazobs: roca muceli amov-
sebulia, sufras ra aklia? ena da saubari. boris pasternaks mi-
aCnia, rom sityvis meoxebiT drois SeCerebaa SesaZlebeli. franc
kafkas ar sWirdeba oratoris dideba, is misTvis miuwvdomeli-
caa. misi survilia, mxolod sajarod amxilos socialuri uwes-
rigoba. amerikeli novelistebisTvis basri ena erTaderTi mWre-
li iaraRia, romelic mudmivi xmarebiT ufro fxiani xdeba. mo-
ris meterlinks miaCnia, rom `sityvebad rom gveTargmna is
grZnoba, romelic gmirs Tavis gmirobas adeninebs, bevrs vera-
fers miviRebdiT”. sityvis meterlinkiseuli ganmarteba meter-
linkze adre aqvs Camoyalibebuli Teodor draizers: `xalxi me-
tad did mniSvnelobas aniWebs sityvebs. maT hgoniaT, sityvebs
didi Sedegebi mohyveba. sinamdvileSi sityvebs yvelaze susti da-
majerebeli Zala aqvT. mxolod Zalian bundovnad gadmoscemen im
did, mSfoTvare gancdebs, romelic maT ukan imaleba da guli ma-
Sin ugdebT yurs, roca ena xels ar uSlis.” anu ena maTTvis ar
aris àzrebis mTargmneli biuro~ da TiTqmis araviTari SesaZ-
lebloba ar arsebobs, sityvierad gamoixatos is bundovani pro-
cesebi, rac TavSi xdeba. sityva dasazRvrulia, fiqri ki usaz-
Rvro. Jan-Jak rusosTvis ena mdumarebs, mxolod gulebi metyve-
leben. bevrma alersiani sityviT gadalaxa Seqmnili mdgomareobis
siZnele, radgan maTTvis, erTi Wkviani kacis Tqmis ar iyos, arse-
bobs sityvebi, viT buki, viT naRara, viT jambazis poezia, da
romelTac iseTi Tilisma aqvs, rom yvelaze uxeSi sulis adamia-
nebsac ki ajadoebs. maTTvis ena gulis cocxia. romen rolanis-
Tvis sityvas qmedebis Jruanteli uvlis, xolo maiakovskis miaC-
nia, rom erTi grami mxatvruli masalis misaRebad saWiroa aTa-
sobiT tona sityvis nedleuli gadaamuSavo. daTo turaSvilma
SeZlo da ipova sityva, romelic kacobriobas erTsulovnad
sZuls, es sityva aris _ àra~.
enas aqvs marSisaTvis Zlieri fexebi, mamaci guli da didi
gambedaoba, magram tvini... tvinic _ swored amitom ena yovel-
Tvis cdilobs sazogadoebis taSiscema daimsaxuros. ena araso-
des laparakobs imas, rasac adamiani realurad fiqrobs, aramed
imas, rac adamians surs, sxvas STaagonos Tavisda saxeirod. swo-
rad SeniSna cira barbaqaZem, rom ena azris gaformebis saSuale-
baa. aqedan gamomdinare, rogorc herodotes monaTxrobSi erT-er-
Ti personaJi ambobs, adamianebs yurebi ufro urwmuno aqvT (enis
gamoisobiT, misi mudamJam cruobis gamo), vidre Tvalebi. xolo
kiross arasodes eSinoda iseTi xalxis enisa, romelsac qalaqis
SuagulSi aqvs Sesakrebad gankuTvnili adgili imisaTvis, rom iq
erTmaneTs eficebodnen da Tan atyuebdnen. egeni sxvis gasaWirze
ki ar iybedeben, aramed sakuTarzeo. es pasaJi naTlad metyvelebs
cru enis ganzraxvaze. netav vin ityvis im jadosnur sityvas,
romelsac SeuZlia, pirquSi samyaro mSvidobis sauflod gadaaq-
cios... es iseT kulturul samuSaos hgavs, rogoric Tundac
sidris zRvis daSrobaa, magram unda scado...
XXI saukune, milorad paviCis SegnebiT, Cvens winaSe
svams aseT moulodnel sakiTxs: SevZlebT ki enisagan literatu-
ris gadarCenas? erTi SexedviT, kiTxva absurduli Cans, magram
problema ukve karze gvikakunebs. am kiTxvis pasuxi masTan unda
veZeboT. kerZod, misi azriT, `sityvani modian ara Tavidan da
ara sulidan, aramed webovan enaTa da myral pirTa samyarodan,
isini mudmivi ReWva-coxnisgan jer kidev karga xnis winaT arian
daRrRnilni, dakvnetilni da damarilebulni. sityvas didi xania,
rac Tavisi saxe aqvs dakarguli, auracxeli piris kbilTagan
arian isini gaqleSil – gaqlesilni.” miSel fukos miaCnia, rom
ena ar aris mxolod ena, igi azris mqonea. sityva aris enis
mdedruli mxare, misi pasiuri inteleqti; aqtiuri inteleqti –
212 SoTa barbaqaZe
`mamruli sawyisi~ enisa – aris damwerloba. imisaTvis, rom sit-

yvas SeeZlos imis Tqma, rasac ambobs, saWiroa ekuTvnodes masTan
mimarTebiT pirvelads, arsebiTsa da ganmsazRvrel gramatikul
mTlianobas. swored masSi, vinc warmarTavs diskurss da Rrmad
flobs sityvas, Tavs iyris mTeli ena. azrs azrovneba SeuZlia
enis meSveobiT da enaSi. aseTia enis miSel fukoseuli `mrwamsi~.
seferisis azriT, `Cveni enobrivi problemebi im drois
pirmSoa, roca antikuri SedevrebiT monusxulma aleqsandrielma
filologebma weris mkacri wesebis SemuSaveba daiwyes, anu sxva
sityvebiT, purizms daudes saTave da daiviwyes, rom ena cocxa-
li, mzardi organizmia. cnobilia, rom saxarebac saxalxo eniTaa
Cawerili. mociqulebi cdilobdnen, gasagebi yofiliyvnen, raTa
advilad gaekvliaT gza adamianTa gulebisaken... mecnierebi Tavi-
anT nawers rTuli ritorikuli figurebiT amkobdnen, mdabioni
ki, swavlulTa mimarT mowiwebis miuxedavad, gamoxatvis Tavise-
buri maneris erTgulebi rCebodnen. mravali mecnieri, poetis
sityviT, `winaparTa neStiT savse uzarmazari urnebiT iyvnen dam-
Zimebulni”. iuri lotmanis debulebiT: èna win uswrebs teqsts,
teqsti ibadeba enis mier. kulturis saerTo sistemaSi teqstebi
ukidures SemTxvevaSi asruleben or ZiriTad funqcias: mniSvne-
lobis adekvatur gadacemas da axal mniSvnelobaTa warmoSobas”.
adamians, viqtor anris Tanaxmad, ZaluZs saxeldeba, saxe-
lis warTmeva ki – ara; mas SeuZlia enaSi cvlilebebi Seitanos,
magram ara ise, rogorc moesurveba. horaciusis `poeturi xe-
lovnebis mixedviT~ (70-72 taepi):
`bevri gardasuli sityva kvlav aRdgeba xolme,
xolo is sityva-Tqmani, axla rom Rirseba – pativSia,
daviwyebas miecema, Tu es moisurva Cveulebam,
romlis xelTaa Zala, samarTali da metyvelebis wesi da
rigi.”
swored SeniSna erTma Wkvianma kacma, rom TandaTanobiT
xdeba yvelafris `tipizireba~, ìndividualizireba~, dramatizi-
reba, prozaizireba, grandiozireba, analizireba, poetizireba,
kolosireba, angelozireba, neologizireba, tragedireba. ras
izam, xandaxan ena unda moitexo, rom gamoTqva axal-axali ucna-
uri sityvebi, romelTac zogi ìnteligenti~ xmarobs. bevrma
`cxelma Tavma~ ver gaigo, rom ena spontanuria: erTi dRis gan-
mavlobaSi bazrobebze, daxlebze, marketebSi, ufro meti samet-
yvelo konstruqcia iqmneba, vidre mravali dRis ganmavlobaSi
akademiur Tavyrilobebze. xorxe luis borxesis Tqmisa ar iyos,
Cven yovelTvis amoxsnis wyurvili gveqneba. Tumca robert pen
uorenma ukve amoxsna, rom Cven _ sakuTari myviralobisagan day-
ruebul sazogadoebaSi _ savsvebiT mogvicva metyvelebis nakadma;
magram es damdablebuli metyvelebaa, romelSic SemTxveviT-miax-
loebiTi sityvebiT aviwroeben namdvil, zust sityvebs. uaresi
ki isaa, rom ena iqceva mxolod saganze miTiTebis moxerxebul
saSualebad. amisgan ena xundeba, kargavs misTvis niSnul gamom-
xatvelobas. igi wyvets gancdilis an Tanagancdilis nawilad
yofnas, metyvelisa da mkiTxvelis an msmenelis – fizikurad
rom SeigrZnobs sxvisi sityvebis rxevas sakuTar xorxSi, _ rea-
lurobis maCveneblobas, `swrafi kiTxva~ _ SesaZloa, zogierT
specialur mizanTaTvis gamosadegi meTodi, _ es ukanaskneli da
saboloo degradaciaa enisa.
Tamar lomiZe
ucnaurisa da gaucnaurebis
cnebaTa semantika XX
saukunis 10-20-iani
wlebis kulturaSi
viqtor Sklovskim _ literatu-

raTmcodneobis formaluri skolis erT-
erTma fuZemdebelma da Teoretikosma,
SeimuSava gaucnaurebis (остраннение)
cneba, romelic formalistebis erT-erT
ZiriTad analitikur kategoriad iqca.
gaucnaureba aris samyaros xedvisa da
aRweris sagangebo xerxi, romelic gu-
lisxmobs sagnis àmoglejas~ Cveuli
konteqstidan. gaucnaurebuli sagani
aRiqmeba, rogorc uCveulo, ucnauri. es
cneba waagavs `rasas~ Zvelindur ideas,
agreTve _ enaTesaveba platonis ideas
gaocebis, rogorc Semecnebis saTavisa da
stimulis Sesaxeb. Sklovskis yuradReba
miipyres XVI-XVIII saukuneebis iseTma
evropelma mwerlebma, rogorebic iyvnen
uiliam Seqspiri, migel de servantesi
da, gansakuTrebiT, lorens sterni,
lorens sternis Semoqmedebis seri-
ozuli Seswavla daiwyo mxolod XX
saukuneSi. erT-erTi pirveli mkvlevari,
romelmac sternis romanebSi Txrobis
agebis xerxebis aqtualizacias miaqcia
yuradReba, iyo viqtor Sklovski.
Sklovski amgvarad axasiaTebda
sternis romanebis stils: `sternis Se-
ucnaurisa da gaucnaurebis cnebaTa semantika XX saukunis... 215
moqmedeba zogjer xumrobad gveCveneba...~ (Sklovski 1983: 197);
`sternTan SeimCneva araseriozulis, saxumaros, TiTqos parodiu-
lis mravali elementi~ (Sklovski 1966: 254); …`rodesac ster-
ni werda Tavis romanebs, samyaros Zveli aRqma, romanis Zveli
struqturebi misTvis ukve parodiuli iyo, is gandevnida maT pa-
rodirebis, mxatvruli SegrZnebis simZafris, axali cxovrebise-
uli Sefasebebis simZafris aRdgenis meSveobiT, risTvisac iye-
nebda paradoqsul agebas...… mTeli sterni _ esaa romani remon-
tis dros: Zveli qvafenilebi dangreulia. Zveli Sefasebebi, zne-
obis, Cvevebis, emociebis Sefasebebi ukuRmaa gadmotrialebuli,
rogorc gacveTili qsovili~ (Sklovski 1983: 204). gaucnaureba
sternTan, Sklovskis azriT, imaSi vlindeba, rom mTeli yurad-
Reba koncentrirebulia Txrobis formalur mxareze _ Txrobis
danawevrebis xerxebze. romanebis nawilebi aq imgvaradaa SekavSi-
rebuli, rom aSkarad Cans `nakerebi da winaaRmdegobriobebi~
(Sklovski 1966: 240).
cnobilia, rom sternis romanebis formalur specifikas
warmoqmnis Txrobis xazgasmuli pirobiTobebi, erTi siuJeturi
xazidan meoreze gadasvlebi, uamravi analefsisi (Tu naratolo-
giis termins gamoviyenebT), romelTa funqcias, Sklovskis az-
riT, warmoadgens ukve avtomatizebuli, magram realurad arse-
buli movlenebis urTierTgansxvavebulobis SegrZnebis gamZafre-
ba: `sternTan yvelaferi imgvaradaa organizebuli, rom mkiTxve-
li Seejaxos Zveli romanis formebs, rom isini fexqveS moedon
mas~ [Sklovski 1966: 239]. da, vinaidan Zveli romanis formebi
sternamde àvtomatizebulad aRiqmeboda, amdenad, sternis Za-
lisxmeva mimarTuli iyo maTi deavtomatizaciisa da gaucnaure-
bisken.1
1
winamdebare naSromSi yuradRebas vamaxvilebT, ZiriTadad, sternis Se-
moqmedebis Sklovskiseul analizze, radgan swored sternis romanebis
Sesaxeb msjelobisas vlindeba gaucnaurebis cnebis Sklovskiseuli ga-
azrebis mTeli specifika. Tumca, gamomdinare iqidan, rom Sklovski
xazgasmiT aRniSnavda (siuJetis miseuli gagebis Sesabamisad): `mxatvru-
li nawarmoebi aRiqmeba sxva nawarmoebebis fonze da maTTan asocirebis
gziT. mxatvruli nawarmoebis forma ganisazRvreba sxva, manamde arse-
bul formebTan mimarTebiT...…ara mxolod parodia, aramed, sazogadod,
yoveli mxatvruli nawarmoebi iqmneba, rogorc romelime nimuSis para-
leluri da opoziciuri ram. axali forma Cndeba ara imisTvis, rom ga-
216 Tamar lomiZe
aSkaraa, rom Sklovskis mier saanalizo masalis _ am Sem-

TxvevaSi sternis Semoqmedebis _ SerCeva (da, erTi SexedviT,
misi koncefciis Seqmnac) ganpirobebuli iyo am masalis, e.i.
sternis Semoqmedebis garkveuli niSan-TvisebebiT2, Tumca Sklov-
ski, rogorc vTqviT, gaucnaurebas xelovnebis universalur
principad miiCnevda.
Seqspiris da servantesis Semoqmedebasac Sklovski miiCnevs
im literaturul faqtebad, romlebSic gaucnaureba organul
Tvisebas warmoadgens. is SedarebiT vrclad saubrobs servante-
sis romanis stiluri Taviseburebebisa da, agreTve, Seqspiris
tragediebis im TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb, romelTa meSveobiTac mi-
iRweoda gaucnaurebis efeqti.
aq unda gavixsenoT, rom formalistebis, da, kerZod,
Sklovskis kvlevebis aSkarad deklarirebul miznad aRiarebuli
iyo mecnieruli, `zusti~, obieqturi meTodologiis Seqmna, rac
unda ganxorcielebuliyo literaturaTmcodneobaSi lingvistu-
ri meTodebis Semotanis meSveobiT. b. eixenbaumi werda: `litera-
turaTmcodneTa mier kulturis an sazogadoebis istoriaze,
fsiqologiasa da esTetikaze Cveuli orientaciis nacvlad for-
malistebma orientacia aiRes lingvistikaze, rogorc im mecnie-
rebaze, romelic sakvlevis masalis TvalsazrisiT uaxlovdeba
poetikas~ (eixenbaumi 1987: 83).
magram gaucnaurebis (romelic literaturuli xerxis sa-
xiT, rogorc vTqviT, aswleulebiT ufro adre gamoiyeneboda,
vidre moxdeboda misi gacnobiereba literaturaTmcodneobaSi)
analitikuri kategoria SklovskisTan araa SemuSavebuli lin-
moxatos axali Sinaarsi, aramed imisTvis, rom Caenacvlos sxva formas,

romelic gaZarculia mxatvrulobisgan~ (Sklovski 1966: 18), mis ga-
mokvlevebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba izolirebuli mxatvruli teqstebis ana-
lizis nimuSebi, aramed _ ganuwyveteli gadasvlebi erTi avtoridan _
meoreze, erTi nawarmoebidan _ meoreze.
2 `sterni iyo pirveli mwerali, romelsac mouxda adamianTa urTier-
Tobebis mTeli sirTulis ganmarteba. man Secvala aRweraTa masStabe-

bi, msxvili planiT gadaiRo umniSvnelo movlenebi. man Secvala drois
saaTi xelovnebaSi. amisTvis sterns mouxda romanuli drois parodire-
ba~ (Sklovski 1983: 119). Sklovski aRniSnavs imasac, rom puSkinma da
lev tolstoim bevri ram iswavles sternisgan. tolstois sternis
Targmnac ucdia.
gvisturi meTodebis analogiiT. lingvistikaSi gaucnaurebis cne-
bas analogi ar moepoveba. amdenad, Sklovskis mier am cnebis Se-
motanis mizezi ar unda yofiliyo literaturaTmcodneobis da-
axloeba zust mecnierebebTan da es ùniversaluri~ analitikuri
kategoria unda SemuSavebuliyo raRac sxva mizezis karnaxiT,
da ara sizustisken miswrafebis zegavleniT (Tumca, Cveulebriv,
formalisturi skolis mier SemuSavebuli koncefciebis Sesaxeb
msjelobisas `gaucnaurebas~ ar ganixilaven rogorc iseT kate-
gorias, romelic aSkara gamonakliss warmoadgens formalisturi
skolis analitikuri meTodebis arsenalSi3.
sainteresoa, rom 1919 wels, rodesac gamoqveynda Sklov-
skis statia `xelovneba rogorc xerxi~ (romelSic Camoyalibe-
bulia koncefcia gaucnaurebis Sesaxeb), gamoica z. froidis ga-
mokvleva `Semzaravi~ (Das Unheimliche)4.
A am ori naSromis urTierTSejerebisas m. epSteini aRniS-
navs: `Tavis formalur enaze Sklovski ambobs imaves, rasac am-
bobs froidi fsiqoanalizis enaze: imas, rom Cveuli da nacnobi
gardaisaxeba uCveulod da warmoqmnis ucnaursa da Semzaravs...~
amasTan, `gaucnaurebisTvis saWiroa samyaros aRqma Seuryvneli
TvalsazrisiT, misi danaxva `pirvelad~, miukerZoeblad, erTgvari
stumroba sakuTar saxlSi. Semzaravis aRqmisas Cven winaSea ak-
rZalulis sfero: is imaleba... aracnobieris sardafSi, Semdeg ki
gaqceuli katorReliviT texs urduls da iWreba saxlSi... uc-
nauri _ gulubryvilo stumaria, Semzaravi ki _ mkvleli, gamta-
3
sainteresoa isic, rom sxva rusi formalistebis gamokvlevebTan Seda-
rebiT, Sklovskis naSromebs yvelaze naklebad axasiaTebs `sizuste~ da
yvelaze metad _ midrekileba eseisturi stilisadmi.
4 froidi amgvarad axasiaTebs Semzaravs: `Semzaravi... aris imTaviTve
Cveuli sulieri cxovrebisTvis; is, rac cnobierebisgan gaucxoebul

iqna mxolod gandevnis procesis Sedegad~ (froidi 1995:275). amgvarad,
is, rac Semzaravis saxiT warmogvidgeba, Tavdapirvelad aucileblad
unda yofiliyo CvenTvis nacnobi, Cveuli, magram (rogorc xazs usvams
froidi) _ faruli, idumali, sxvebisTvis miuwvdomeli (misawvdomi
mxolod CvenTvis), e.i. is iyo Cveuli, magram _ iseTi Cveuli, romlis
gamJRavnebac sxva adamianebisTvis Cven ar SegveZlo. Semdeg aseTi suli-
eri movlena ganidevneba aracnobierSi da ukve faruli, idumali xdeba
CvenTvisac. da rodesac is kvlav brundeba cnobierebaSi, warmogvidgeba
rogorc ucxo, Semzaravi.
218 Tamar lomiZe
cebeli, gamryvneli... magram esaa gansxvaveba xarisxSi, intensivo-

baSi, maSin, rodesac ùcnauri~ da `Semzaravi~ struqturulad
erTmaneTis izomorfulia. gasakviria, rom erTmaneTisgan damouki-
deblad orma mkvlevarma _ fsiqoanalitikosma da literaturaT-
mcodnem _ SeimuSava esoden msgavsi Teoriebi, romlebmac mZlav-
ri zemoqmedeba moaxdines maT disciplinebze~.5
gansxvavebul mecnierebebSi _ literaturaTmcodneobasa da
fsiqologiaSi _ ori iseTi koncefciis warmoSoba, romlebic em-
yareba izomorful, e.i. mxolod xarisxis mixedviT gansxvavebul
cnebebs, niSnavs, rom am cnebebis SemuSaveba ganapiroba ara mxo-
lod konkretulma (ama Tu im mecnierebisTvis) amocanebma, ara-
med, zogadad, erTgvarovanma msoflaRqmam, da, kerZod, iseTma,
romelic gulisxmobs samyaros, rogorc ucnauris, uCveulos,
idumalis, Seucnoblis aRqmas6.
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom amave periodSi unda arsebuliyo
gaucnaurebis analogiuri cneba an, zogadad, Sklovskis koncef-
ciis analogiuri koncefcia, romelic daadasturebs mecnieruli
koncefciebisa da msoflaRqmis homogenurobas XX saukunis da-
sawyisSi.
Cveni azriT, amgvar koncefciad SeiZleba miviCnioT m.m. bax-
tinis mier SemuSavebuli karnavalizebuli literaturis koncef-
cia, romelic avtorma Camoayaliba jer kidev 1929 wels gamoce-
mul wignSi `dostoevskis Semoqmedebis problemebi~.
karnavali, baxtinis miTiTebiT, _ esaa `gadatrialebuli
samyaro~, romelSic gauqmebulia Cveulebrivi cxovrebis warmmar-
Tveli wesebi da kanonebi; yovelgvari distancia adamianTa So-
ris; sazogadoebis tradiciuli ierarqiuli wyoba. ZiriTad kar-
navalur qmedebas warmoadgens karnavaluri mefis kurTxeva da
Semdeg gvirgvinis axda.
5
sainteresoa isic, rom sxva rusi formalistebis gamokvlevebTan Seda-
rebiT, Sklovskis naSromebs yvelaze naklebad axasiaTebs `sizuste~ da
yvelaze metad _ midrekileba eseisturi stilisadmi.
6
es ki niSnavs, rom literaturisadmi xazgasmulad racionalisturi
midgomis miuxedavad, Sklovski an mkveTrad mijnavda erTmaneTisgan rea-
lobas (mistikurs, Seucnobels) da literaturaTmcodneobas (Semecne-
bads, racionalurs), an kidev _ mis mier aSkarad deklarirebuli miz-
nebi da Sexedulebebi gansxvavdeboda misive WeSmariti (SesaZloa, gauc-
nobierebeli) mimarTebebisgan.
,,brbosTan Serwymis saSualeba, _ aRniSnavs Jan deliumo,
_ agreTve _ normatiuli gonisa da yofiTi wesebis droebiTi
gauqmeba, sruli Tavisufleba (gansakuTrebiT _ seqssa da nayro-
vanebasTan mimarTebaSi), xmaurisa da Zalmomreobis mokle perio-
di, lanZRva-ginebisa da mkrexelobis nebadarTuloba, ierarqiis
Setrialeba, sakralur wes-CveulebaTa gamoyeneba burleskuri
miznebiT, niRbebi da niRbosnebi _ yovelive es asrulebda ,,dam-
cavi sarqvelis" rols mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi Sekavebuli in-
stinqtebisTvis” [deliumo 2003: 165].
baxtini Tavis naSromSi `fransua rables Semoqmedeba da
Sua saukuneebisa da renesansis xalxuri kultura~, groteskis
Sesaxeb saubrisas, miuTiTebs, rogor viTardeboda sasacilos
formiT warmodgenili ucnauri saSiSisa da Semzaravisken: `Sua-
saukuneobrivi da renesansuli groteski, romelic ukavSirdeba
sicilis xalxur kulturas, icnobs saSinels mxolod sasacilo
safrTxobelebis saxiT, ese igi, rogorc sicilis meSveobiT ukve
damarcxebul saSinels. is aq yovelTvis warmogvidgeba, rogorc
sasacilo da mxiaruli~... `groteskis maorganizebeli sicilis
gadagvareba, misi amaRorZinebeli Zalis dakargva ganapirobebs
romantikuli groteskis arsebiT gansxvavebas Suasaukuneobrivi
da renesansuli groteskisgan. es gansxvavebebi yvelaze TvalsaCi-
nod vlindeba Semzaravisadmi mimarTebaSi. romantikuli grotes-
kis samyaro _ met-naklebad Semzaravi da adamianisTvis ucxo sam-
yaroa. yovelive Cveuli, nacnobi, yofili, mkvidri, iqceva ucxo
samyarod~ (baxtini 1965: 331). moyvanili citatebi aaSkaravebs,
rom baxtini ubralod ucnaurs, uCveulosa da Semzaravs homoge-
nur cnebebad gaiazrebda7.
amgvarad, zemodasaxelebul or koncefcias unda davumatoT
mesame, anu baxtiniseuli karnavaluri literaturis koncefcia.8
sagulisxmoa, rom kulturis amgvari gaazreba refleqtirebulia
7
bunebrivia, rom is, rac Cveulia, arc ucnaurad da arc saSiSad ar
aRiqmeba.
8
aq ar SevCerdebiT xelovnebaSi warmoSobil analogiur movlenebze,
magaliTad, imaze, rom simbolizmis literaturuli mimdinareobis
msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvels warmoadgens samyaros, rogorc Seumec-
neblis, zogjer ki _ rogorc Semzaravis aRqma.
220 Tamar lomiZe
baxtinis sxva naSromebSic. kerZod, aseTia baxtiniseuli dialo-

gizmis koncefcia.
`dialoguri mimarTebebi, _ wers baxtini `dostoevskis po-
etikis problemebSi~ _ ... msWvalavs adamianis mTel metyvelebas,
agreTve _ adamianis cxovrebis yovelgvar mimarTebebsa da ga-
movlinebebs, saerTod, yvelafers, rasac mniSvneloba da sazrisi
aqvs...iq, sadac iwyeba cnobiereba,... iwyeba dialogic~ (baxtini
1972: 71).
rodesac froidi acxadebs, rom `Semzaravi... aris imTaviT-
ve Cveuli sulieri cxovrebisTvis; is, rac cnobierebisgan gauc-
xoebul iqna mxolod gandevnis procesis Sedegad~, es niSnavs,
rom `mes~ TviTSemecneba xorcieldeba misive gaucnaurebul (gan-
devnil, Semdeg ki Secvlili saxiT dabrunebul) ltolvebTan
an warmodgenebTan dialogis meSveobiT. mxolod ase xdeba SesaZ-
lebeli sakuTari `mes~ wvdoma _ misi, rogorc sxvis, gaazreba.
cxadia, Sklovskiseuli gaucnaurebac, rogorc xelovnebis
universaluri kanonzomiereba, erTaderTi SesaZleblobaa am uka-
nasknelTan dialoguri mimarTebis damyarebisa _ mxolod amgvar
situaciaSi (da ara `Signidan~) xdeba SesaZlebeli misi srulyo-
fili gaazreba.
baxtiniseuli dialogizmis koncefcia gulisxmobs, agreTve,
rom sakuTari kulturis srulyofili aRqma da gaazreba SesaZ-
lebelia mxolod `garedan~, mxolod masTan dialoguri mimarTe-
bebis damyarebis gziT, anu misi gaucnaurebis (sakuTaris, ro-
gorc sxvis, aRqmis) meSveobiT.
aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ucnauri warmoad-
gens sakvanZo (msoflmxedvelobrivi datvirTvis mqone) cnebas
XX saukunis dasawyisis kulturaSi.
baxtini 1972: Бахтин М., Проблемы поэтики Достоевского.

М.,1972.
baxtini 1965: Бахтин М.,Творчество Франсуа Рабле и
народная культура средневековья и Ренессанса.М., 1965.
eixenbaumi 1987: Б. Эйхенбаум. Теория «Формального метода».
О литературе. Л., 1987.
epSteini 2003: Михаил Эпштейн. Жуткое и странное.О
теоретической встрече З.Фрейда и В.Шкловского. gamoqveynebulia
veb-gverdze www.russ.ru/krug/razbor/20030314_ep.html. 2003
wlis 14 marts.
froidi 1995: Фрейд З. Жуткое. Художник и
фантазирование. М., Республика, 1995.
Sklovski1983: Шкловский В. О теории прозы. М., 1983.
Sklovski 1966: Шкловский В. Повести о прозе. М., 1966.
aTinaT mamacaSvili
winaaRmdegobis
gamomxatveli sityva
fransis ponJis da giorgi
leoniZis SemoqmedebaSi
saWiroa xmis amoReba: am sakiTxebze gaCume-

ba qveynad yvelaferze ufro saSiSia. yvelafrisgan
motyuebuli vrCebiT maSin, sabolood _ xafangSi
Cavardnilni. saWiroa xmis amoReba, dalaparakeba da
am momentSi naklebad aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu ras
vityviT, mTavaria raimes Tqma. ragbis TamaSisas
Serkinebis msgavsad: saWiroa miawve sityvebis gamo-
yenebiT, sulerTia _ rogoriT, Tan waiyolo isini,
jikaviT, Tundac daasaxiCro kidec1.
fransis ponJi
winamdebare kvleva agebulia poe-

tur teqstebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic
Seqmnili iyo gansxvavebul istoriul,
kulturul da socialur konteqstSi.
kvlevis mizania, gamovavlinoT, Tu rome-
li meTodologiuri da konceptualuri
xerxebis meSveobiT axerxeben poeturi
teqstebis avtorebi gadalaxon istoriu-
loba (miuxedavad mWidro kavSirisa kon-
kretul istoriul momentTan), raTa
teqsti gardaiqmnas wminda literatu-
rul movlenad da vice versa.
1
Francis Ponge, « Proêmes », « Pages bis »,
Œuvres Complètes, t. I, Gallimard, 1999, p. 212.
yvela franguli teqstis Targmani Sesrule-
bulia statiis avtoris mier.
winaaRmdegobis gamomxatveli sityva fransis ponJis da giorgi leoniZis... 223
nawarmoebSi „fiWvis tyis Canawerebi“ (1940) fransis ponJi
exeba sagans, romelic, erTi SexedviT, aranair istoriul ni-
Sans ar atarebs, Tumca „avtoris eqsplicituri ganacxadebis
zusti analizi“2 saSualebas iZleva, dadgindes garkveuli kon-
kretuli drois faqtorTan dakavSirebuli urTierTmimarTeba.
fiWvis tyis maxasiaTeblebis gamovlenis meSveobiT ponJi gadaa-
adgilebs imave maxasiaTeblebs im veqtoris mimarTulebiT, rome-
lic agreTve miesadageba poeturi miznis gamoxatulebas. maSasa-
dame, is poeturi sagnis aRmniSvneli terminebis adaptirebas ax-
dens poeturi miznis koncefciasTan, rac, Tavis mxriv, meore
msoflio omis periodSi mis sityvas winaaRmdegobis matarebel
sityvad aqcevs. swored analogiur meTods mimarTavs giorgi le-
oniZe Tavis leqsSi „ole“, romelic 1931 wels xis mimarT gamo-
yenebuli terminologiis meSveobiT sabWoTa totalitaruli re-
JimisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis ideas gamoxatavs.
brZolaSi, romelic agreTve xelovnebis gadarCenisken aris
mimarTuli, sityva warmoCndeba, rogorc umTavresi cneba, maSinac
ki, rodesac saqme exeba wminda poetur Semoqmedebas an devuali-
rebul politikur angaJirebas poeturi sityvis meSveobiT. fran-
sis ponJis SemoqmedebaSi es ori koncefcia erTi meorisagan ga-
nuyofelia. „saWiroa xmis amoReba“, _ ambobs ponJi jer kidev
ocdaaTian wlebSi da amas imeorebs aTi wlis Semdeg, meore
msoflio omis periodSi. gaCumeba masTan gaigivebulia, rogorc
arsebul safrTxeTa Soris umTavresi, rodesac adamianis idento-
bac ki kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba. umTavresia, rom adamiani ar ga-
Cumdes, Tundac Tavdapirvelad erTi meoreze miyrili sityvebi
warmoTqvas _ Tundac nakleb mniSvnelovani, arasaWiro. sityva
ponJis mier gagebulia, rogorc Zalis matarebeli qmedeba. „miaw-
ve sityvebis gamoyenebiT“ _ sadac termini „miwola“ gadmoscems
gaSmagebas da Zaladobasac ki _ gulisxmobs erTgvarad agresiul
Tvisebas (vinaidan ragbi, romelzedac ponJi axdens referirebas,
agresiuli TamaSia). Zalis da miswrafebis am gamoxatviT, sityva
a priori fiqsirdeba, rogorc qmediTi movlena. xmis amoReba /sau-
bari _ moqmedeba _ zemoqmedeba _ es aris is qmediTi movlenebi,
romlebic erTi meores mohyebian verbaluri aqtis Semdeg (Tu
2
Leo Strauss, La persécution et l’art d’écrire, trad. de l’anglais et présenté par
Olivier Sedeyn, Paris, Gallimard, 2009, p. 60.
224 aTinaT mamacaSvili
gaviTvaliswinebT „qmedebas“ misi ormagi mniSvnelobiT) da rom-

lebTac moaqvT ara mxolod individualuri gacnobierebis momen-
ti, aramed sxvebis mxridanac gulisxmobs qmedebas gacnobiere-
bis, gaazrebis saxiT.
swored am konteqstSi SegviZlia gavaanalizoT ponJis na-
azrevi nawarmoebSi „fiWvis tyis Canawerebi“, romelic 1940
wliT TariRdeba: „bolos da bolos, ra aris tye? _ erTdrou-
lad monumentic da sazogadoebac (iseve, rogorc xe erTdrou-
lad aris arsebac da qandakebac). cocxali monumenti, arqiteq-
turuli sazogadoeba. magram xeebi arian ki socialuri arsebe-
bi?“3. sagnis Cawvdomis mizniT midgoma gansxvavebulia imisda mi-
xedviT, es ukanaskneli moiazreba gancalkevebulad, misTvis dama-
xasiaTebel individualobaSi, Tu mTlianobasTan4 urTierTmimar-
TebaSi. ponJi ansxvavebs fiWvis tyes euli fiWvisgan: “[...] arse-
bobs Tvisebebi, romlebic axasiaTebs fiWvs, da gansakuTrebuli
Tvisebebi, romlebic axasiaTebs fiWvs, romelic fiWvis tyis na-
wilia“5. ponJi ubrundeba am ganmasxvavebel Tvisebebs da sagnis
modifikaciaze axdens aqcentirebas (am SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa vi-
saubroT identobis modificirebaze), rodesac es ukanaskneli mi-
ekuTvneba „erTobliobas“, anu sazogadoebas: „sazogadoebaSi gan-
viTareba normalizebulia, amave dros es badebs kidev sxva rames
: tyes“6. kavSirs erTobliobasTan, TemTan, moaqvs sxva arsis Seq-
mna, romelic aRar warmoadgens fiWvs, aramed _ tyes.
magram sanam ganvixilavdeT Tvisebebs, romelTac ponJi mia-
kuTvnebs fiWvis tyes Tavis erTobliobaSi da sanam gavcemdeT pa-
suxs kiTxvaze _ warmoadgens Tu ara xe socialur arsebas _
davubrundeT poemis Tavdapirvel intencias, mis urTierTmimarTe-
bas poetur saganTan: „imisTvis, rom dagibruno Seni Tavazianoba,
imisTvis rom Sens delikaturobas mivbaZo, Sens taqts (instin-
qturad aseTi var) _ SenSi aranair iseT azrs ar Cavdeb, rome-
lic SenTvis ucxo iqneba, me mxolod Senze movaxden meditire-
3
Francis Ponge, « Le Carnet du Bois de pin », Œuvres Complètes, t. I,
Gallimard, 1999, p. 400.
4
(„nawilebis daqvemdebareba mTlianobasTan. ki, magram rodesac TiToeu-
li nawili arsebaa, individi: xe, cxoveli [adamiani], an sityva, an wina-
dadeba, an Tavi - maSin es dramatuli xdeba!)“. Ibid., p. 401.
5
Ibid., p. 399.
6
Ibid., p. 402.
bas“7. da rodesac poeti fiqrobs, rom CamoSordeba Tavis inicia-
lur fiqrs, _ anu fiqrs, romelic fiWvis tyisTvis ar aris da-
maxasiaTebeli, _ maSinve asworebs azrs: „maSasadame, davubrundeT
rac SeiZleba swraf Ziebas, Tu ra SeiZleba iTqvas fiWvis tyis
Sesaxeb da mxolod mis Sesaxeb“8. ponJi ramdenjerme akeTebs aq-
centirebas, rom Tavisi leqsiT is qmnis fiWvis tyes, iZleva mis
garegan suraTs da masTan erTad _ Sinagans, xolo miSel pon-
trmolis werilSi Semdegs wers: „saqme exeba am tyis erT kuT-
xeSi ara leqsis dabadebas, aramed ufro metad misi sagnis mier
leqsis ganadgurebis mcdelobas (romelic Sors aris warmatebiT
dasrulebisgan)“9. magram sanam am ganadgurebis fenomenis mize-
zebs ganvixilavdeT, davubrundeT fiWvis tyis poetur kreacias,
sadac sagani (fiWvi-tye) leqsis dabadebas uwyobs xels da piri-
qiT, enis meSveobiT, nela da TandaTan ibadeba sagani-tye.
erTdroulad Zlieri da wiwviani, mwvane girCebiT, yvelana-
iri mxviara lianisgan daclili, warmosadegad asvetili da daZa-
bunebuli, daavadebuli kenweroebiT _ aseTia fiWvis tyis gare
iersaxe, rogorsac ponJi iZleva da romelic, amave dros, hba-
debs „siamis“ grZnobas. rac Seexeba mis interiers an Sinagan sa-
xes, upirvelesad, aRsaniSnavia tyeSi seirnobis, mosvenebis SesaZ-
lebloba. amave dros, adamianSi, romelic SeaRwevs mis wiaRSi
(interieri/Sinagani buneba), ibadeba daculobis SegrZneba. vinai-
dan interieri/Sinagani arsi aseve aRniSnavs fiqris, azrovnebis
unars, ponJis xec agreTve moazrovne arsebaa: „o, bunebrivo sana-
toriumo, sabednierod, sxeulis armqone taZaro […], meditaciis
an musikis salono _ adgilo, sadac adamiani marto rCeba bune-
baSi, sakuTar fiqrebTan, raTa mieces meditacias“10. sanam sagnis
Sinagan mxares warmoadgenda, ponJi qmnis adgils, romelic medi-
tacias uwyobs xels, xolo am terminis gameoreba (romelsac me-
ditacia ukve gulisxmobs) aRniSnuli qmedebis seriozulobasa
da mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs. maSasadame fiWvis tyis midamo,
upirvelesad, warmoadgens adgils, sadac adamiani Tavs igrZnobs
7
Ibid., p. 381.
8
Ibid., p. 399.
9
« Correspondance », « De l’auteur à M. P. », Ibid., p. 409.
10
« Le Carnet du Bois de pin », Op. cit., p. 381.
Tavisuflad da daculad imisaTvis, rom fiqrs mieces11. reziumi-

rebisas SesaZlebeli xdeba davaskvnaT, rom fiWvis tye warmoad-
gens, erTi mxriv, Tavisuflad saseirno, da, meore mxriv, medita-
ciisTvis gankuTvnil adgils12.
TiTqos yvelaferi mimarTulia imisken, rom moxdes poetu-
ri sagnis mTlianobaSi aRwera. ferebi, bgerebi da surneli am
suraTs sicocxles STaberaven da frenhoferis mier qalis figu-
ris Seqmnis analogiur STabeWdilebas iZlevian, rodesac es uka-
naskneli naxats acocxlebs13.
rac mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia sakuTar TavTan mimar-

TebaSi, es aris seriozuloba, romliTac me vudgebi sa-
gans da meore mxriv _ eqspresiis Zalze didi sizuste.
magram unda Tavidan moviSoro tendencia, romelic
mdgomareobs trafaretul/miRebul da banalur saT-
qmelSi. amisTvis namdvilad ar aqvs azri weras.
fiWvis tyeebo, gamodiT sikvdilis, SeumCnevlo-
bis, aracnobieri14 mdgomareobidan!15
SevCerdeT sagnis (fiWvis tyis) garegan niSnebze: gamoyene-

buli terminebi danamdvilebiT mianiSneben safrangeTis suraTze
an ufro dazustebiT _ im adamianebze, romlebic qveyanaSi daCa-
Canakebul mdgomareobamde misulni, daZabunebuli arian maTi
umoqmedobis da uZraobis gamo („maSin, rodesac xeebis sxeulis
11
„tixrebis da zigzagiseburi gzis usasruloba fiWvis tyisgan qmnis
adamianebis meditaciisa da Tavis Tavisuflad SegrZnebisTvis bunebis
erT-erT saukeTesod kombinirebul nawils“. Ibid., p. 382.
12
„aq moxerxebulia a) seirnoba: / aranairi totebi dabal simaRleze /
aranairi maRali balaxi/ ar aris lianebi. / msxvili xaliCa. ramdenime
klde avsebs mas. / b) da meditacia: / Suqis, / qaris Sezaveba. / delika-
turi surneli. / xmauri, Cumi musika. / jansaRi atmosfero. / kuliseb-
Si, ganze cxovreba./ wynari musikaluri CaxSuli akompanementi“. Ibid., p.
383.
13
Cf. Honoré de Balzac, Le chef-d’œuvre inconnu, Paris, Flammarion, 2008.
14
am SemTxvevaSi originalSi naxmari termini non-conscience aRniSnavs
rogorc aracnobier, gaucnobierebul mdgomareobas, aseve usindisobas.
am ormagi azris meSveobiT, ponJi gacnobierebas da sindiss, maSasadame,
xmis amoRebas da sindiss erTimeores ukavSirebs.
15
Francis Ponge, op. cit., p. 384.
Ziri mTlianad uZravia“16) omis winaSe. Zlieri arseba iRebs gac-
recil qicvian iers, Tumca arsebobs SesaZlebloba, rom im ie-
risgan gaTavisufldnen, romelic Zalian waagavs sikvdils („maTi
totebi iZarcvebian da maTi tani iqercleba“17). statikuri, gaxe-
vebuli mdgomareoba agreTve xazgasmulia termin „sanatoriumiT“,
romelic kidev ufro aZlierebs dasvenebis an uZraobis am kondi-
cias qmedebis sapirispirod. analogiuri idea aqvs ponJs gatare-
buli esseSi „Wadari“, romelic ori wliT ufro gvian aris da-
werili da romelic Wadris suraTSi gadmoscems, erTi mxriv,
safrangeTis okupacias da, meore mxriv _ viSis reJims.
sagnis poeturi suraTis Seqmnisas ponJi komentatoris18
msgavs teqnikas mimarTavs, rac Tavidan xis mxolod garegani
deskrifciis suraTs iZleva, sanam avtori mis Sinagan samyaros,
suls CauRrmavdeba da misgan cnobier arsebas gaxdis: „fiWvis
tyeebo, gamodiT sikvdilis, SeumCnevlobis, aracnobieri mdgoma-
reobidan!“. magram gacnobiereba ponJisTvis pirdapir kavSirSia
xmis amoRebasTan, sityvasTan, warmoTqmul sityvasTan: „gamovlin-
diT, fiWvis tyeebo, gamovlindiT sityvaSi!“19; da cota ufro
qveviT: „Tu Cven davaxlovdiT bunebis am calkeul alagebTan, Tu
maT dabadebisas miecaT Sansi, sityvis unari hqonodaT, es moxda
ara mxolod im mizniT, rom Cven am siamovnebis anTropomorfo-
logiuri angariSi CavabaroT, aramed imitom, rom amiT ufro se-
riozuli Semecneba miviRoT Sedegad“20. ponJis fiWvis tye, ro-
melic ZiriTadad mwvane ferisaa (gamoyenebul terminebi: mwvane,
nefriti _ „mwvane kenwero“, „nefritis xaliCa“), uecrad icvlis
qromatul Seferilobas im momentidan, rac mas sityvis, xmis
amoRebis unari eZleva da maSin erTferovan mwvanes arRvevs wi-
Teli. xmis amoRebaze gadasvlas simetriulad Semoaqvs feris
cvlileba _ mewamuli Semodis mas Semdeg, rac ponJi xes sit-
yvis unars aniWebs. cnobieri xe, romelic xmas iRebs, gamodis
16
Ibid., p. 382.
17
Ibid., p. 377.
18
termins davesesxebiT rober maJors, romelsac es ukanaskneli xma-
robs pol-mari lapuantis leqsis „xeebi“ analizisas, in « Paul-Marie
Lapointe, le combinateur et le jazzman », Voix et Images, vol. 6, n° 3, 1981, p.
400.
19
Ibid., p. 385.
20
Ibid., p. 387.
sikvdilis mdgomareobidan - da es sityva iqceva logosad (ter-

mini naxmaria TviT avtoris mier) - anu winaaRmdegobis gamwev
sityvad 1940 wlis zafxul-Semodgomis mijnaze.
xis Sesaxeb an fiWvis Sesaxeb dawera sabolood scildeba
poeturobis ubralo mniSvnelobas da xis identobis konstruq-
ciis, misi Seqmnis sinonimuri xdeba. mwerali sagnis am idento-
bas SeimuSavebs gansxvavebuli sityvis (enis) meSveobiT, rac esa-
dageba adamianis identobis sityvis meSveobiT konstruqciis fe-
nomens, da rac, am SemTxvevaSi, utoldeba weris qmedebas, aqts.
meditaciis Tavisufleba, sameditacio ganwyoba, romelsac
iwvevs fiWvis tye, ormagi meditaciis ganzomilebas iRebs: dafiq-
reba-meditacia (mkiTxvelis mier) imaze, Tu ras aaSkaravebs da-
faruli azris miRma nawarmoebi, rodesac sagnad iRebs fiWvis
tyes, rogorc cocxal organizms (rac, Tavis mxriv, miniSnebu-
lia xis identobis SemuSavebiT), da meore mxriv, dafiqreba, me-
ditacia fiWvis tyeSi yofnisas, maSin rodesac am tye-sagans
qmnis nawarmoebi da, rac, Sesabamisad, niSnavs dafiqrebas poetur
sivrceSi da poeturi sagnis Sinaarsze.
qarTveli simbolisti poeti - giorgi leoniZe Tavis leq-
sSi „ole“ fransis ponJis msgavs gzas mimarTavs da STabeWdile-
ba iqmneba, rom mkiTxvelis Tvalwin agebs xes, maSin, rodesac
saqme exeba ormag poetur xerxs, sadac mxatvruli sityva dasa-
bams aZlevs nonkonformizmis da ara-asimilaciis dafarul azrs.
leoniZis xe oqrosferi xmiT saubrobs:
oqrosxmian simReraSi
Tvals hxuWav da hxedav,-
Senzed marto arvin ari
Senze ufro metad21.
leoniZe aqcents akeTebs sityvis implikaciaze,

Semoaqvs ra am ukanasknelis sinonimuri gameoreba: „oq-
rosferi simReris“ nacvlad is „simReras“ aZlierebs
„xmis“ terminis damatebiT [„oqrosxmiani simRera“]. xis
21
giorgi leoniZe, „ole“, http://lib.ge/body_text.php?8632, aq unda aRi-
niSnos, rom „xedva“ am SemTxvevaSi sinonimuria „gacnobierebis“, - ter-
mini, romelic naxmaria fransis ponJTan.
martosuli identoba gamoirCeva Tavisi oqrosferi xmiT
sxva xeebs Soris, romlebic warmodgenilni arian er-
Tferad - mwvane tonalobaSi. sazogadoebis aRmniSvneli
mwvane feri Seesabameba xeebis anu adamianebis masas, ro-
melTac jer ar dadgomiaT gacnobierebis Jami [« tye ge-
Zaxis mwvane mxridan22 »] da rasac rikiori naSromSi
„kritika da mrwamsi“ „kacobrioba-masas“uwodebs:
radgan riTi vcnobT mas [totalitarizms]? ra

aris misi bunebrivi miswrafeba? es aris, pirvel rigSi,
adamianuri urTierTobebis totalizeba ise, rom moxdes
yvela socialuri kavSiris gawyveta; es aris kacobrio-
ba-masis warmoqmna imgvarad, rom is aRar daemorCilos
aranair sxva organizaciul princips, garda saxelmwi-
fosi, romlis inkarnaciasac beladis persona warmoad-
gens. maSasadame, SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom totalitariz-
mma eqsterminacia warmoqmna, anu masobrivi sikdilis
misja: adamianTaSorisi urTierTobebis destruqciiT, ka-
cobrioba xdeba massa perdita, sadac momakvdavi da
mkvdari TiTqmis ganurCevelia“23.
leoniZesTan martosul xes ar surs asimilireba, mas unda

sakuTari identobis SenarCuneba, rac kidev erTxel xazgasmulia
gansxvavebuli qromatulobiT _ oqrosfriT (da, amgvarad, is sa-
pirispiro xdeba pol rikiorTan naxmar „ganurCevlobasTan“ mi-
marTebiT): «magram cisken iyureba/ Seni oqros Tavi“.
ole,
ole,
martoxeo,
dRisiTa da RamiT;
Signidanve gamomwvaro
martoobis SxamiT.
22
Ibid.
23
Paul Ricœur, La critique et la conviction, Entretien avec François Azouvi et
Marc de Launay, Calmann-Lévy, 1995, p. 165-166.
poets Semoaqvs martosuli xis cneba, romlis suli dam-

wvaria da gamomSrali swored Signidan, is „gatexilia“ Signidan,
aqedan gamomdinare saqme exeba mis identobas, romelic kiTxvis
niSnis qveS dgeba. es xati adamians sakuTari saxis anarekls ub-
runebs:
dgaxar, rogorc saxrCobela -

TviT gaxrCoben mTebi;
dakidebul arwivs hgevxar
momsxvreuli frTebiT.
Signidan ganadgurebuls, gare samyaro gamudmebiT emuqreba

da misi daxrCoba surs. yvelaferi, irgvliv arsebuli, am egze-
kuciaSi iRebs monawileobas: „qaris eSvebs“, „yinvas“, „wvimis
Subs“, „Semwvel, cofian mzes“, „setyvas“, „grigals“ misi „moT-
xra“, „dabrmaveba“, amoZirkva surT24. zevidan qveviT dakidebuli
xe im arwivs waagavs, romelsac frTebi aqvs motexili; moCexili
da tanjuli, igi identobis im suraTs uxmobs, romelic 1930-
ian wlebSi sabWoTa totalitaruli reJimiT aris ganadgurebu-
li.
ismis SekiTxva: aris Tu ara leoniZis xe socialuri arse-
ba? cxadia, rom is sxvadasxva WrilSi gansxvavdeba ponJis fiW-
visgan. leoniZis mier daxatuli xe Tavidanve warmodgenilia,
rogorc sakuTar martoobaSi izolirebuli, romelic wamoWimu-
lia, anu vertikalur mdgomareobaSia kldis Tavze, tyisgan mo-
SorebiT (da ara tyeSi), da miuxedavad gare eqstremaluri saf-
rTxisa, agrZelebs cisken swrafvas, raTa gaTavisufldes borki-
lebisgan. „wadi, Zebne megobari“, _ mimarTavs mas poeti, rome-
24
zRvidan qari wamovida
da Rrubeli bundrad,
caSi elva Seiklakna,
Senken Semobrunda.
qaris eSvebs, mexi breSas,
Seni moTxra undaT!
yinvis karCxi Tvals gikawravs,
laJvards veRar umzer,
wvimis Subi galesili
gikakunebs gulze;
lic Sewuxebulia xis tanjvis gamo, da maSinve amatebs Semdegs:
„vis gascqeri, vis moeli? / [...] vis miaRwevs Seni xmebi, vis ke-
ramde miva?“, da amgvarad mianiSnebs garkveul pesimizmze adamian-
Ta mimarT. leoniZe eWvqveS ayenebs imas, Tu ramdenad realuria,
rom xis es „oqrosxmiani“, „ajanyebuli“ sityva sxvebis cnobie-
rebamde miaRwevs da gamoafxizlebs maT. is darwmunebulia: imis-
Tvis, rom moxdes identobis SenarCuneba, Tundac es identoba
ukve bzaris Semcveli iyos, aucilebelia uaris Tqma am erTfer,
erTgvarovan (mwvane) sazogadoebasTan yvelanair asimilaciaze da
efemeruli (fesvebisgan gaTavisufleba - cisken swrafva), ocne-
bisken miswrafeba ukeTesia, vidre Tanamedrove drosTan morgeba.
poeti, paolo iaSvilis msgavsad, Tavis Tanamedrove sazogadoe-
bas gamoyofs warsulisagan, romelic, amave dros, moiazrebs gan-
sxvavebuli adamianis tipis arsebobas: „Sen liaxvis kldeze dga-
xar / Zveli mosasxamiT“. xe warmoCndeba, maSasadame, sabolood
da ormagad martosuli, rac agreTve misi drosTan da sazogado-
ebasTan gansxvavebuli mikuTvnebidan momdinareobs: is „Zvel mo-
sasxams“ atarebs. sainteresoa _ termini „mosasxami“ gulisxmobs
mxolod Tanamedroveobisgan gansxvavebul garegnul fizikur mi-
kuTvnebas, Tu saubaria agreTve mis Sinagan gansxvavebulobaze?
„xe brundev da xe marTalo“, _ wers poeti da cxadi xdeba, rom
ukuRmarTad yofna moicavs SewinaaRmdegebas Tanamedrove samya-
rosTan, romelic, Tavis mxriv, upirispirdeba simarTles da
sxvebisgan ganze ayenebs marTal, gulwrfel xes. is Tanamedrove-
oba, anu Tanamedrove dro da sazogadoeba, romelic Tavisken eZa-
xis martosul xes [„tye geZaxis mwvane mxridan“] da romelze-
dac es ukanaskneli uars ambobs, am xisgan WeSmaritebis matare-
bel inkarnacias qmnis, cnebas, romelic mxolod Zveli drois
damaxasiaTebelia. raSi mdgomareobs, sabolood, leqsis mizani?
ra aris am martoobis arsi, Tu asocialuri arseba Tavis simar-
TleSi Caketili rCeba?
sanam am SekiTxvas gavcemdeT pasuxs, ganvixiloT izolaci-
is ponJiseuli koncepti, romelic ikveTeba „fiWvis tyeSi“, miu-
xedavad imisa, rom misi fiWvi „bunebiT socialuri xea“25.
fiWvi gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT, izolirebulad
cxovrobs igi Tu sazogadoebaSi. is gansxvavebulia ag-
25
Francis Ponge, Op. cit., p. 401.
reTve imis mixedviT, tyis ganapiras dgas Tu tyeSi,

romlis nawilsac qmnis. da Zalian miyvars es tyis pi-
ras mdgari fiWvebi, romlebic garkveul msxverplze mi-
dian tanis im nawilTan, romelic tyisken aris Sebrune-
buli, xolo Tavisuflad viTardebian im mxares, rome-
lic velebs, sicarieles, aragatyevebul samyaros uyu-
rebs.
maT ekisrebaT funqcia, gars Semoertyan sakuTar
sazogadoebas, dafaron maTi saidumloebebi, maTi Sinaga-
ni nakli (simkacre, msxverpli, naklovanebebi) tanis
qveda nawilebis ganviTarebis meSveobiT: isini naklebad
mkacrni unda iyvnen maTi Tanmimdevruli eqspan-
siis TvalsazrisiT
mkacrni unda iyvnen maTi Tanmimdevruli ganvi-
Tarebis TvalsazrisiT, socialur fiWvTan mimarTebaSi
(sruliad socialur fiWvTan). maT neba eZlevaT, rom
mexsiereba SeinarCunon da maTi warsuli zrda gamoaCi-
non26.
miuxedavad imisa, rom izolirebuli fiWvis saxe misi

kvlevis pirdapir sagans ar warmoadgens, ponJi mainc akeTebs am
figuris monaxazs „socialur fiWvTan“ mimarTebaSi. leoniZis
analogiurad, ponJis tyis napiras mdgomi fiWvi garkveulad da-
Sorebulia tyisgan da swored es distancireba qmnis fizikur
da Sinagan gansxvavebulobas (eqsterieri/garegani saxe: tanis qve-
da nawilebis ganviTareba; Sinagani: mexsierebis SeinarCuneba da
warsuli zrdis gamoCena) izolirebul individsa da im indivi-
debs Soris, romlebic „erTad, sazogadoebaSi“ cxovroben. rac
Seexeba maT „valdebulebas“27 anu „funqcias“, is Semdegia: dafa-
ron saidumloebebi anu sazogadoebis naklovanebebi maT mier
sityvieri Tavisufali „egzibiciis“ meSveobiT. termini „warsu-
li/Zveli“, iseve, rogorc „mexsiereba“, mianiSnebs analogiur an-
ti-Tanamedroveobis konteqstze, romelsac leoniZe usvams xazs:
26
Ibid., p. 399.
27
“SegviZlia Tu ara visaubroT uflebebze da valdebulebebze? rato-
mac ara? valdebulebebze?“, Ibid., p. 401.
maTma erTobliobam
Seaswora
Secvala es arsebebi,
romlebic martoobaSi sasowarkveTisgan an mowyenilo-
bisgan (an Tundac eqstazisgan) daigrixebodnen, romleb-
sac sakuTari Jestebis mTliani simZimisTvis unda gaeZ-
loT, rac bolos warmoqmnida tanjuli gmirebis Zalian
lamaz qandakebebs. magram maTma erTianobam isini gaaTavi-
sufla mcenareuli wyevlisgan. maT aqvT Tviseba, pirve-
ladi gamoxatulebebi/grZnobebi gaanadguron, aqvT daviw-
yebis ufleba28.
ponJi aanalizebs individis da sazogadoebis urTierTo-

bas, sadac es ukanaskneli xasiaTdeba calkeuli identobebis „mo-
dificirebis“ unariT. SeiniSneba Semdegi tendencia: socialur
arsebas, martosulisgan gansxvavebiT, uRvivdeba Tviseba _ sxvebs
mibaZos da imis magivrad, rom gaaRviZos sindisi-cnobiereba (tan-
juli gmirebi), is egueba daviwyebas da aRar ganicdis. am Sem-
TxvevaSi ibadeba kiTxva: „SesaZlebeli iqneboda Tu ara safuZ-
velSi tyis danawevreba ise, rom TiToeuli individis amputaci-
is safrTxe ar Seiqmnas?“29“. monumenti _ qandakeba _ fesvebi _
gana es sityvebi ar gvafiqrebineben im suraTze, romelic sikvdi-
lis Semdeg rCeba? gana mexsiereba ufro mniSvnelovani ar aris,
vidre sicocxle? gana ponJi ar gulisxmobs, rom amputirebul
identobaSi mTeli kacobriobis momavali dgeba kiTxvis niSnis
qveS?
ramdeni ramis Sesaxeb meqneboda dasaweri, ubralo mwe-

rali rom vyofiliyavi..., da iqneb asec unda movqceuli-
yavi ?
[...] Cemi azrebi politikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb
safrangeTsa, da, zogadad, msoflioSi, istoriulad
aseT mniSvnelovan etapze; fiqri Cvens sakuTar mdgoma-
reobaze, arastabilur momavalze...
28
Ibid., p. 401.
29
Ibid., p. 402.
magram Cemi garkveuli nakli amis saSualebas ar

maZlevs, rac mxolod sizarmace ar aris an SiSi siZne-
leebis winaSe: mgonia, rom ver SevZleb eqskluziurad
_ da Tanmimdevrulad verc erT am Temaze yuradRebis
SeCerebas, rac friad saWiro iqneboda. [...]
da instinqturad „fiWvis tyes“ vubrundebi, Temas,
romelic yovlismomcvelad mainteresebs, romelic Cems
pirovnebas mTlianad ipyrobs, da romelic bolomde iye-
nebs gamoxatvis yvela Cems SesaZleblobas30.
imis magivrad, rom mimdinare politikur mdgomareobaze mo-

axdinos koncentrireba (rac TanamedroveobaSi CarTulobas gu-
lisxmobs), ponJi acxadebs, rom mas mxolod Tavis leqsze SeuZ-
lia mimarTos mTeli yuradReba; amrigad, mwerals SeuZlia mxo-
lod literaturul sityvaSi amowuros sakuTari Tavi da poe-
turi gamoxatulebis meSveobiT aagos teqsti fiWvis tyeze, da
mxolod da mxolod fiWvis tyeze, sadac, miawers ra sityvebs
fiWvs, amiT Tavis poetur saTqmels gamokveTs: „sulerTia, ra
Tqvas“ _ ubralod ar Caimalos siCumeSi _ referirebas axdens
poeturi enis usargeblo sityvaze, sadac usargeblo konceptSi
moiazreba swored nawarmoebis, erTi SexedviT, usargebloba/Seu-
sabamoba mimdinare istoriul da politikur konteqstSi. sityve-
bi, romlebic miemarTeba fiWvs an miekuTvneba xes, absoluturad
amovardnili Cans XX saukunis ormociani wlebis periodis kon-
teqstidan, magram „avtoris eqsplicituri gancxadebis zusti
analizi“ teqstis gansxvavebul ganzomilebas warmoaCens. da swo-
red es ganzomileba axorcielebs „leqsis ganadgurebas Tavisi
sakuTari sagnis mier“ [igulisxmeba fiWvi], Semoaqvs ra politi-
kuri konteqsti da moqmedebs, rogorc poeturi sityva, sadac
Tanamedroveobis arsi ormagad aris gagebuli. am TvalsazrisiT,
leoniZis da ponJis poetur-politikuri demarSi erTmaneTis
msgavs wminda literaturul winaaRmdegobis gamwev Zalas gamo-
xatavs swored literaturul agebulebaze dayrdnobiT da ara _
faqtobrivi politikuri konteqstis CarTviT.
30
Ibid., p. 405.
cira barbaqaZe
dagineba da furTxeba
qarTul sabWoTa poeziaSi
wakiTxvis Semdeg mieciT Delete
teqstebi, romlebsac eris cnobie-

reba qmnis, atareben am eris mentalite-
tis niSnebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, arca aqvs
mniSvneloba, rogoria es teqsti, mxat-
vruli, naklebadmxatvruli, Tu, saerTo-
dac, mxatvrulobas moklebulia. Tu Cven
am teqstebs (Sesabamisad, avtorebs) xSi-
rad vimeorebT da vaRiarebT, maSasadame,
avtoris teqstebis ganzogadebac SeiZle-
ba, anu: is mxolod avtors aRar ekuT-
vnis, is ekuTvnis mkiTxvelsac da kul-
turasac.
teqstebi semiotikur fenebad SeiZ-
leba davSaloT da aRmovaCinoT masSi,
rogorc palimfsestSi, sxvadasxva fena
da Sre... erT-erT Sres socialuri fena
namdvilad warmoadgens. isec SeiZleba
moxdes, rom am Sris garda teqsti
sxvas arc arafers Seicavdes...
erTi sityviT, sabWoTa poetebis
teqstebi savsea kliSeebiT da ar gagik-
virdebaT, Tu erTi aseTi kliSe iyo pa-
TeTikuri, uazro da „xmamaRla wasakiT-
xi“ leqsebi. SeiZleba, rom „xmamaRla“
kargi leqsebic eweraT, magram, am Sem-
TxvevaSi, sakuTriv ugemovno da aramxat-
vrul teqstebze visaubrebT. aqve aRvniS-
236 cira barbaqaZe
nav, rom avtoris saxeli da gvari aseT dros arafers wyvets,

Cveni analizis mizani mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi am ”viTom poezi-
is” gaaqtiureba, gadafaseba da waSlaa... radgan am „nagvisgan“
gaTavisuflebis gareSe Cveni cnobiereba didxans darCeba WaobSi
da arasdros ar iqneba mzad axlis misaRebad.
arwivi qarTvelebisTvis (da ara mxolod qarTvelebisTvis)
gansakuTrebuli frinvelia da daviwyoT leqsiT ”arwivi”. am ar-
wivs rom vaJas arwivTan iribi kavSiri SeiZleba da pirdapiri
kavSiri ara da ar aqvs.
arwivi
mze roca Cadis, mze roca Cadis...
da swored maSin gadmomiqrolebs.
amqveynad damaqvs me Cemi dardi,_
arwivze ratom unda vfiqrobde?!
mze roca Cadis, mze roca Cadis...
frTas yurisZirTan gamtylaSunebs,
radganac vici arwivis yadri
papis naCuqar adaTs vasruleb.
movzide mSvildi, isari vtyorcne,
miwaze gdia zecis patroni...
me daWril arwivs TvalebSi vkocni,
mere frTebs vuSli da mxrebs vatoleb.
am striqonebis avtors ”amqveynad daaqvs Tavisi dardi” da
TviTonve ukvirs: ”arwivze ratom unda vfiqrobdeo?!”... magram es
fiqri avtomaturia da masac efiqreba, ra hqnas? vaJkacuri bune-
ba iTxovs am fiqrs... radganac poetma icis ”arwivis yadri” (da
aq albaT mkiTxvels gaaxsendeba arwivi _ Tavisuflebis, siZlie-
ris, simaRlis simbolo), papis ”naCuqari adaTis” Sesrulebas da-
apirebs.. netav ra iqneba es adaTi...? Semdegi striqonis wakiT-
xvamde guli ufancqalebs mkiTxvels... mere cota eWviT uyurebs,
roca mSvilds mozidavs poeti.... viTom xumrobs...? iqneb xum-
robs...? o, araa... isari styorcna (ra vuTxari Sens marjvenas...?)
da arc meti da arc naklebi _ ”miwaze gdia zecis patroni...” es
namdvili moulodnelobis efeqtia... magram amiT yvelaferi ar
sruldeba... finali kidev ufro moulodnelia... warmoidgineT
suraTi: daWril arwivs bednieri poeti mivardeba, TvalebSi ako-
cebs da... ai, amis warmodgena ki namdvilad gagiWirdebaT: frTebs
gauSlis da mxrebs daatolebs... da ra kiTxva gagiCndebaT am su-
raTis Semyures? arwivis frTebma Tu poetis mxrebs gadaaWarba,
dagineba da furTxeba qarTul sabWoTa poeziaSi 237
ukve xom iciT, ras Caidens avtori...? ver mixvdiT...? mkvdar ar-
wivs frTebs daumoklebs... diax, diax, namdvilad ase izams. am
leqsis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven aucileblad CagafiqrebT leqsis
idea... mainc risi Tqma undoda am striqonebiT avtors...? arwi-
vis mokvliT Tavisufleba moipova Tu dakarga poetma...? eeh,
”papis naCuqaro adaTo”, arwivis mokvla rogor aiZule SviliS-
vils...?
aq marTla gagaxsendebaT vaJas ”arwivis” sityvebi: ”vah,
dedas Tqvensa, yovebo, cud dros CagigdavT xelada, Toro vna-
xavdi Tqvens bumbuls gaSlils, gafantuls velada!”
Semdegi leqsi, romliTac unda ”gagaocoT”, aris ”jokon-
da”.
jokonda
yvelaferi Zvirfasia,
amave dros mZimea,
silamaze vin aswia_
Tumc yvavilze mcirea.
ras ar mived-movedebiT,
ra saqmes ar veweviT,
roca ar varT poetebi,
varT ubralod berwebi.
jer sicocxliT vin damTvrala,
mSobeli daiginos,
gaixede, Se calTvala,
pawawina pingvino...
WeSmaritad marTalia froidi, roca is ’wamocdenebs” aana-
lizebs... me is mikvirs, rom wamocdenebs Tavad poetic ver Se-
niSnavs xolme... am abdaubdas ratom hqvia ”jokonda”, mxolod
froidma uwyis... Cven ki mTavar wamocdenas gavimeorebT: ”roca
ar varT poetebi, varT ubralod berwebi...” Cven ki viciT, poe-
to, berwi sityvebiT da azrebiT romaa savse Tqveni leqsebi da
netav mxolod Tqveni leqsebi... am leqsebs dedebi da mamebi skam-
ze da magidaze Semxtar Svilebs amayad aambobinebdnen... da mere
es mkvdari sityvebi da frazebi Cveni cnobierebis sarevelad iq-
ceoda...
amave leqsSia dRevandel qarTul politikaSi ”daginebis
tradiciis” fesvebic... ara da, sul gvikvirda, saidan...saidan mo-
dioda... ager, am ”jokonda” leqsidan: ”jer sicocxliT vin dam-
Tvrala, mSobeli daiginos...” daigines poetebma xaSlamian-xinkli-
238 cira barbaqaZe
an sufraze, dagineba gaagrZeles leqsebSi... leqsebidan gadavida

xalxSi da ase... gadadioda, gadadioda da ase mivida greCexamde
da axla greCexas dagineba gagikvirdes mitingze...
yvela, yvela da...”jokondasTan” calTvala pingvinis kav-
Sirs Tu axsniT, dedas gaficebT, gamagebineT... eh, marTlac, ”ras
ar mied-moedebiT, ra saqmes ar eweviT...”
es leqsi ki arc meti, arc naklebi, cud kacs eZRvneba:
cud kacs
kacebi, vici, mSvidoba mogvmadles,
axla TamaSidan gadian.
Tu gamzrdeli xar, gamzrdeli iyav,
Tu gadia xar, gadia...
iqiT rom iTxov Tayvaniscemas,
aqeT ra wminda sulis xar?
erTi Cvenskenac Camoasxi,
Sens stomaqSi rom sul isxam.
Sua striqonSi mominda
Sors gapurWyeba da gaWyirtva,
arwivs marTve ar gamoadga,
adga da Sig budeSi gaWylita.
am Tavidan bolomde margaliti leqsis finali sruliad
ganumeorebelia: poetebi ara mxolod sufraze ipurWyebian da
iWyirtvebian (aseTi sityva leqsikonSi ar aris, poetis TviTSe-
moqmedebaa), leqsebSic igive emarTebaT, Tanac, Sua striqonSi...
an TavSi yofiliyo, an _ boloSi... ara, Sua striqonSi... aqedan
mkiTxveli versad gaiqceva... da mouwevs poetis naxSirorJangis
sityvebiT CasunTqva, sxva ra gzaa... leqsis idea bolo or
striqonSia gamJRavnebuli Segonebis saxiT, pirdapir da mkafiod.
mokled, roca SeatyobT, rom SeiZleba momavalSi Svili ar gamo-
gadgeT da Tu kargad daakvirdebiT, aucileblad SeatyobT (ko-
Webze gadaitaneT gamWoli mzera) ... arwivad Tavi warmoidgineT,
marTved _ Tqveni Svili da nuRar gamameorebinebT, rogor unda
moiqceT... es iqneba spartanuli aRzrdis klasikuri magaliTi...
civ wyalSi Cagdebas isev gaWyletva sjobs... ratom...? ufro hu-
manuria!
cudi kacis definicia ki am striqonebis mixedviT SegviZ-
lia CamovayaliboT: ”erTi Cvenskenac Camoasxi, Sens stomaqSi rom
sul isxam...” cudi kacia is, vinc ar usxams poets da ar meriqi-
dagineba da furTxeba qarTul sabWoTa poeziaSi 239
feobs da, Sesabamisad, aseTi kaci akvanSi unda gagudo... rom mere
sufraze nervebi ar mouSalos poets da eris mamas.
ggoniaT, rom es leqsebi gangeb avarCie...? ara da ara..! er-
Ti poetis erTi rCeuli krebulia da aq TiTqmis yvela erTi me-
oreze ukeTesia... ki, batono, sxva Temas Semovitan, ager leqsi
vnaxe ”poetze” da mTlianad gagacnobT, aq arcerTi sityva ar
unda gamotovoT, konceptualuri datvirTva aqvs yvelas:
poeti
gesmis?! yivili sisxlisferi_
daWril mamlisa,
CaCexil xevSi gelodeba
xrova ZaRlebis...
magram, mgosano,
mjdomare xar marjvniv mamisa...
da vici, zeciT rom amaRldebi!
daWrili mamlis sisxlisferi yivili Tu mogesmaT da CaCe-
xil xevSi ZaRlebis xrovac warmoidgineT... gadadiT Semdeg kad-
rze: mgosani zis uflis (mama-RmerTis) marjvniv (mxari ar gecva-
loT da ar agerioT, es mniSvnelovania!) da haerovnad maRldeba...
leqsis dasasruli...
da Tu mijnurTa cecxli iSviaTad ratom swvavda mgosans,
axlave gaigebT am gulwrfeli leqsidan:
sayveduri
Sen msayvedurob:
_ nakleb iwvi mijnurTa cecxliT,
naklebad gSvenis siyvarulis lurji arSia!
naklebad ismis Sens leqsebSi
JRurtuli mercxlis...
_ Cemo Zvirfaso, mogaxseneb, saqme raSia:
es Cemi „gorda“, „lekursa“ da „sparsuls“ Seacvda,
kacs ar uwvnia imodena,
me rom viwvale,
mamulis gamo ar vyofilvar mona diacTa.
mindoda, magam ver movicale...
verafers ver ityvi am striqonebis Semdeg: ”mamulis gamo
ar vyofilvar mona diacTa.
mindoda, magam ver movicale...” mokled, iseTive rTuli
kiTxvaa: rogorc Sorena Tu sveticxoveli...? es ara, is Sorena...
”didostatis marjvenaSi”. mouclelobis gamo (Tu es moucle-
240 cira barbaqaZe
loba mamuls ukavSirdeboda) poets ver gavasamarTlebT da es

leqsi mSvidobianad gaviaroT da gadavideT Semdegze...
mama-Svilis saubari speqtaklis Semdeg:
TeatrSi
_ ra mosawonia, mama,
ra mogwons am ubedurebis?
komediaa Tu drama,
Tu cirki aris durovis?
_ Sen, Cemo sisxlo da xorco,
vcdilob, rom gamovsworde,
suyvelaferi momwons,
rac unda ar momwondes!
am striqonebs mTlad wamocdenilsac ver davarqmevT... ada-
miani (poeti) ambobs, rom rac ar unda moswondes, yvelaferi
moswons da Tanac, gamosworda... namdvilad zedmetia komentari.
arc es striqonebia wacdenili:
am qveyanaze suli ver vicxone,
cota vigiJe da bevri vidinje.
ise frTxilad da SiSiT vicxovre,
tyvia ra aris... tyvia ver viglije!
aq cruobs poeti, piriqiT: bevri igiJa da cota idinja...
da tyvia ara, magram verc kalami gamostaca veravin xelidan...
esec finalisTvis, mets ver gavuZlebT:
mavris motivi
ai, kaxpebis Tvaliseiri,
qveviT Txebi da zeviT _ virTxebi...
gTxovT, gamomxedoT, farisevelno,
me vifurTxebi,
me vifurTxebi...
viciT, batono, viciT.... magram amdeni.... ra sakadrisi iyo?

daviT TinikaSvili
drois aRqma avgustinesTan

anu
„SenSi, sulo, Cemo,
vzomav dros“
saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi adamianebi

aRfrTovanebulni iyvnen drois saidum-
loebiT. is xSirad ganixileboda ro-
gorc abstraqtuli mocemuloba, romel-
sac TavisTavad ar moaqvs raime praqti-
kuli Sedegi. Tumca droTa ganmavlobaSi
adamianebma misgan xelSesaxebi sargeblis
miRebac iswavles. Tanamedrove adamianis-
Tvis „dro fulia“. 21-e saukunis sate-
levizio biznes-gadacemebi xSirad mTav-
rdeba sityvebiT: „gamoiyeneT dro sarfi-
anad“. Tuki winaT Goodbye-s mniSvneloba
kargad esmoda yvelas, vinc am sityvas
iyenebda (rac niSnavs God be with you),
an misalmebis bibliuri versia mSvidobis
Tu Sinagani simSvidis survils ukavSir-
deba, amJamad popularobas ixveWs sru-
liad sxva mniSvnelobis gamoTqma: „mom-
gebian dRes gisurveb“, romelic, pirvel
rigSi, swored materialuri mogebas gu-
lisxmobs. miuxedavad imisa, rom dRevan-
deli cxovrebis ritmi aranormalurad
aCqarebulia, romelsac uaxlesi teqno-
logiebic uwyobs xels, Tanamedrove ada-
miani mainc uCivis drois ukmarisobas. is
ver aswrebs imdenis gakeTebas, ramdensac
242 daviT TinikaSvili
isurvebda. amgvar pirobebSi, rasakvirvelia, mas arc imis dro

aqvs, rom dafiqrdes drois, - yofierebis am umniSvnelovanesi ka-
tegoriis, - arsisa da bunebis Sesaxeb.
warsulSi TiTqmis yvela cnobil filosofossa Tu Teo-

logs dauweria raime drois fenomenis Sesaxeb. zogni mis pozi-
tiur xasiaTze miuTiTebdnen, zognic negatiurze. aRmosavlur
religiebSi dro iluzorulad aris miCneuli. sxva, ufro dasav-
lur, civilizaciebSi dros aqvs SemoqmedebiTi potenciali.
Cven aq SevexebiT drois gaazrebas iseT cnobil dasavlel

filosofosTan da RvTismetyvelTan, rogoric iyo netari avgus-
tine (354-430). drosTan dakavSirebuli avgustineseuli refleq-
sia, romelic mocemulia mis cnobil TxzulebaSi „aRsarebani“
(wigni me-11), ukavSirdeba RvTis mier samyaros arafrisgan Seq-
mnis ideas. avgustine acxadebs, rom RmerTma samyaro Seqmna ara
droSi (in tempore), aramed drosTan erTad (cum tempore). dro
manamde ar arsebobda. is da samyaro orive Seqmnilia. am azriT,
maT unda hqondeT erTmaneTTan kavSiri da SeeZloT erTmaneTze
zemoqmedebis moxdena, rogorc erTi mTliani samyaros organul
nawilebs. sxvaTa Soris, aRniSvnis Rirsia, rom ainStainis rela-
tiurobis Teoriac miuTiTebs drosa da sivrces Soris mWidro
kavSirsa da urTierTdamokidebulebaze. am Teoriis mixedviT,
dros SeuZlia aCqareba an Seneleba, romelic damokidebulia
moZravi obieqtis mimarTulebaze sivrceSi ukiduresi siswrafis
dros.
avgustinemde da mis Semdgomac arsebobda Semdegi SekiTxve-

bi: Tu samyarom arseboba daiwyo drois garkveul periodSi, ma-
Sin ra mizeziT ar moxda es am periodze ufro adre? Tu samya-
ros warmoSoba dakavSirebulia RmerTis survilTan, gaugebaria,
mxolod garkveul momentSi ratom gauCnda RmerTs es survili,
romelic manamde ar hqonda? Tu samyaros Seqmnis idea keTilia,
maSin ratom adre ar gauCnda es idea yovladkeTil RmerTs? Tu-
ki RmerTi arafers akeTebda manamde, rodesac man ca da miwa Seq-
mna, maSin ar SeiZleba mas vuwodoT RmerTi absoluturi gage-
biT, radgan is umoqmedod iyo; da Tuki is ar iyo umoqmedod,
maSin ratom ar qmnida arafers? an rogorc avgustine gadmog-
vcems erT-erT aseT kiTxvas: „raSi moepriana [RmerTs, d.T.] raRa-
drois aRqma avgustinesTan anu `SenSi, sulo Cemo, vzomav dros~ 243
cis Seqmna, Tuki arasdros arafers ar akeTebdao?“ avgustines
pasuxi aseTia: „Seagnebine maT ufalo, ras bodaven; gaumJRavne
sacodavebs, rom iq, sadac ar aris dro, sityvas „arasdros“
araviTari azri ara aqvs“ (11:40) .
bunebrivia, amgvari SekiTxvebi, ZiriTadad, warmoiqmneboda

gare-eklesiur filosofiur wreebSi, radgan elementaruli saR-
vTismetyvelo aqsiomas warmodgens RmerTis ucvleloba rogorc
Tavis bunebaSi da TvisebebSi, ise mis qmedebebSi. Tumca isic mar-
Talia, rom zogierTi platonisti amtkicebda kidec samyaros ma-
radiul arsebobas, mis Seuqmnelobas, raTa Tavidan acilebuli
yofiliyo azri imis Sesaxeb, rom ucvalebel RvTaebriv gonebaSi
axali azri gaCnda.
avgustines mtkicebiT, samyaros Seqmna aris RmerTis mara-

diulobaSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebis, ase vTqvaT, aqtualizacia:
gamoricxulia RvTaebriv gonebaSi moulodneli gadawyvetilebe-
bis warmoSoba (ix. 11:12). amitom iseTi SekiTxvebi, rogoricaa
„ratom manamde ara?“ an „ratom umoqmedobda RmerTi manamde?“
azrs moklebulia. avgustines miTiTebiT, am SekiTxvis avtorebi
azrovneben droSi, amitom droze amaRleba da ze-drouli, mara-
disobaSi myofi RmerTis gageba maT ar SeuZliaT. aRniSnuli sa-
kiTxis avgustineseuli gadawyveta sakmaod popularuli gaxda
Semdgom, Sua saukuneebSi.
zogierTi filosofosis azriT, dro aris moZraoba, ker-

Zod, varskvlavTa moZraoba, rom drois msvleloba ganpirobebu-
lia ciuri sxeulebis moZraobiT. avgustine ar eTanxmeba am de-
bulebas, radgan moZraoba, misi azriT, aRiqmeba droSi da ara pi-
riqiT - dro moZraobaSi. drois daxmarebiT Cven SegviZlia gav-
zomoT ciuri sxeulebis moZraobac da araviTar SemTxvevaSi pi-
riqiT. Cven viciT, rom Tavad varskvlavebis moZraoba SeiZleba
iyos swrafi an neli, amis gansazRvrisTvis ki unda arsebobdes
sazomi. amitomac dro aris ara moZraoba, radgan Tavad moZraoba
arsebobs droSi. am Sexedulebis sailustraciod da misTvis me-
ti sicxadis misacemad avgustine bibliur magaliTzec miuTiTebs:
„maS nuRaravin metyvis, rom dro ciur sxeulTa moZraobaa. roca
erTma kacma locviT SeaCera mze, raTa gamarjvebiT daesrulebina
brZola, mze idga, dro ki midioda... amrigad, me vxedav, rom dro
erTgvari vrceulobaa Tu ganfenilobaa. magram marTla vxedav Tu

meCveneba, rom vxedav?“ (11:30). sainteresoa, rom zogadad am sa-
kiTxze gamoTqmul avgustines Sexedulebebs xSirad kiTxviTi
forma aqvs, is ar aris darwmunebuli da mxolod varaudis sa-
xiT gamoTqvams sakuTar mosazrebas.
sakiTxi drois arsebobis Sesaxeb sakmaod rTuli da ucna-

uria. roca raimes arsebobaze vsaubrobT, Cven vsaubrobT mis ar-
sebobaze droSi. magram rogor unda visaubroT Tavad drois ar-
sebobaze? SesaZlebelia, rom dro arsebobdes droSi?
avgustine msjelobs uflis zedroulobasa da maradisoba-

ze, qmnilebis droze daqvemdebarebulobaze, mis droebiTobaze da
Tavad drois dasabamze. kerZod, avgustines awuxebs drois ga-
zomvadobis sakiTxi. Cven vsaubrobT „xangrZlivi“ da „mokle“ pe-
riodebis Sesaxeb. magram awmyos ar aqvs xangrZlivoba, is ar
aris arc grZeli da arc mokle (11:18-20). dro ukan midis, war-
sulisken, ise rom awmyo permanentulad wyvets sakuTar arsebo-
bas da xdeba warsuli. avgustines mixedviT, drois gazomva Se-
saZlebelia adamianis cnobierebiT, romelsac momavlis molodini
aqvs, warsuli axsovs da awmyos ki uSualod aRiqvams (11:26;
11:33). avgustine wers: „es raRac sami dro mxolod Cvens sulSi
arsebobs da sxvagan versad ver vxedav maT“ (11:26), anu realu-
rad isini ar arseboben, radgan warsuli ukve aRar arsebobs, mo-
mavali ki jer ar damdgara. amitom mxolod awmyos Secnobaa Se-
saZlebeli. magram sad aris es awmyoc? Tavidan avgustine wers,
rom awmyod SegviZlia miviCnioT weliwadi, romelSic arsebobs
warsuli da momavali. Semdeg SeiZleba am cnebis Seviwroveba
Tvemde, kviramde, dRemde saaTamde, wuTamde da sabolood Cven
mivdivarT erT wertilamde. magram roca ki vecdebiT am werti-
lis Sepyrobas, is xelidan gvisxlteba: is ukve warsulad gar-
daiqmneba. Cven vcdilobT gavigoT momavali, magram aseve isic
gvisxlteba xelidan. dro arsebobs an awmyoSi an warsulSi.
...xangrZlivi warsuli mas Semdeg gaxda xangrZlivi, rac

ukve ganvlo, Tu manamde, roca jer kidev awmyo iyo? misi xan-
grZlivoba mxolod maSin iqneboda SesaZlebeli, roca arsebobda
raRac iseTi, rasac SeeZlo xangrZlivi yofiliyo. magram warsu-
drois aRqma avgustinesTan anu `SenSi, sulo Cemo, vzomav dros~ 245
li xom ukve aRar aris; maS rogorRa SeiZleba xangrZlivi iyos
is, rac saerTod ar aris? (11:18).
am striqonebis Semdeg avgustine wers, rom „xangrZlivad“

ara warsuli dro, aramed awmyo unda movixsenioT. Tumca 27-e
paragrafSi is kiTxulobs: „ranairad SegviZlia gavzomoT awmyo,
romelsac xangrZlivoba ar gaaCnia?“ awmyo, romelic, praqtiku-
lad nulis tolia.
Cveni unari drois xangrZlivobis gazomvisa dafuZnebulia

Cvens SesaZleblobaze am xangrZlivobis gonebaSi gatarebisa, ro-
melic unda ganvicadoT. amrigad:
drois gazomva mxolod maSin SegviZlia, roca is mimdina-

reobs, da SegviZlia swored imitom, rom mis msvlelobas
vgrZnobT. gana SeiZleba gazomo warsuli, romelic ukve aRar
aris, an momavali, romelic jer kidev ar aris? vin gabedavs
imis mtkicebas, rom SeiZleba gazomo ararsebuli? ase rom, sanam
dro mimdinareobs, is SeiZleba SeigrZno da gazomo kidec; magram
roca man ganvlo, es ukve SeuZlebeli xdeba, radganac dro aRar
aris (11:21).
avgustines mixedviT, obieqturi samyaro droSi arsebobs,

amitom is ufro metad ixreba im Tvalsazrisisken, rom dro ar-
sebobs Cvens sulSic da obieqturadac, magram dro aris ara ma-
terialuri mocemuloba, aramed sulis Tviseba. „aRsarebanSi“ av-
gustine wers: „Cemis azriT, dro erTgvari ganfenilobaa, magram
risi ganfeniloba? - es ki ar vici. iqneb sakuTriv sulisa?“
(11:33).
rogorc vxedavT, avgustine ar gvTavazobs drois filoso-

fiur an Teologiur gansazRvrebas. ra aris dro? es avgustines-
Tvis, saboloo jamSi, rCeba saidumlod. erTaderTi rasac is am-
bobs amis Sesaxeb, aris is, rom dro aris sulis erTgvari gan-
grZobiToba, gaxangrZlivebuloba. is cdilobs aCvenos, Tu ro-
gor vacnobierebT dros da rogor SeiZleba aixsnas drois arsi
mxolod fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT. marTalia, avgustines mi-
er SemoTavazebuli drois amgvari fsiqologiuri Teoria ar
aris originaluri, magram mis mcdelobaSi mainc aris garkveuli
siaxle drois SegrZnebis ilustrirebisas mexsierebisa da molo-

dinis (winaTgrZnobis) cnebebis gamoyenebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom
avgustines ufro drois fsiqologiuri gaazreba ainteresebs,
magram is aseve iyenebs zogierT mTavar ideas antikuri filoso-
fiidanac. ramdenadac avgustine ganixilavs dros rogorc natur-
filosofiis sakiTxs, bunebrivia, misi Sexedulebebi aristote-
les mimdevarTa da stoikosebis naazrevTan msgavsebasac amJRav-
nebs. avgustinec uSvebda, rom dro usazRvrod dayofadi Tanmim-
devrulobaa (11:20); rom dro da moZraoba sxvadasxva ramaa, miu-
xedavad imisa, rom moZraoba ar arsebobs droisgan damoukideb-
lad (11:31; 12:14).
avgustine Tavis msjelobas amTavrebs fraziT: „SenSi, su-

lo, Cemo, vzomav dros“. amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom avgusti-
nes damokidebuleba drois fenomenisadmi apofatikuria. am mxriv
mis daskniT Sexedulebad SegviZlia miviCnioT Semdegi sityvebi:
„...ra aris dro? Tu aravin mekiTxeba amas, diaxac vici, ra aris
dro, magram Tu movindomeb SemkiTxvels avuxsna drois raoba,
maSin ki araferic ar mesmis“ (11:17).
netari avgustine. aRsarebani. laTinuridan Targmna da Se-

niSvnebi daurTo baCana bregvaZem. gamomcemloba „nekeri“ 1995
lali zaqaraZe
merab mamardaSvili:
evropuli identobis aRqma

_ gza TviTgamorkvevisken
evropuli identoba, evropuli sa-

zogadoebis arsi da evropuli kultu-
ris buneba! _ es is problemebia, rom-
lis Sesaxeb ganazrebebi mniSvnelovanwi-
lad gansazRvravda merab mamardaSvilis
azrovnebisa da filosofosobis stils.
am problemebis analiziT qarTveli fi-
losofosi sabWoTa filosofiaSi iSviaT
gamonakliss warmoadgenda, riTac moxib-
la kidec evropuli inteleqtualuri
sazogadoeba. am `sawyisi wertilidan~
filosofosobas mamardaSvili sakuTari
gamocdilebisa da azrovnebis erT-erT
umniSvnelovanes faqtorad miiCnevda;
radgan es iyo filosofiuri praqtika im
adamianis piradi gamocdilebisa, rome-
lic èvropaSi ki ara, aramed sxvagan
iRviZebda _ erT provinciul qveyanaSi~,
sadac igi sakuTar Tavs, Tavis qveyanasa
da kulturas acnobierebda.
winamdebare statiaSi gaanalizebul
sakiTxTa speqtri eyrdnoba merab mamar-
daSvilis mier evropuli Tematikisadmi
miZRvnil naSromebs, gansakuTrebiT ki,
mis mier 1989 w. barselonaSi wakiTxul
248 lali zaqaraZe
moxsenebas èvropuli pasuxismgebloba~, romlis srulyofili

versia pirvelad gamoqveynda mamardaSvilis 80 wlisTavisadmi
miZRvnil saerTaSoriso konferenciis masalebSi1.
mamardaSvilis filosofosobis stili evropul filosofi-
asTan Sinagan kavSirs avlenda; mas SemTxveviT ar uwodes `qar-
Tvelebis sokrate~2, an `frangi qarTul [`sabWoTa~] filosofia-
Si~, an kidev àntikuri kolxeTis elinisturi filosofiis WeS-
mariti memkvidre~3; is TiTqmis erTaderTi iyo sabWoTa totali-
tarizmis saazrovno sivrceSi, romelic evropuli identobis sa-
kuTar gagebas/aRqmas sruliad konkretuli miznebisTvis iyenebda:
eCvenebina sabWoTa adamianis tragikuli cnobierebis Zirebi, gamo-
evlina azrovnebis Tavisuflebisa da mentaluri aqtivobis xel-
SemSleli faqtorebi, sabWoTa ideologiiT gajerebul araTavi-
sufal sivrceSi Tavisuflebis suli Semoetana da `homo sovie-
tikusad~ Camoyalibebul adamianebSi pirovneba gaeRviZebina.
zemoT dasmuli problemebis analizi dakavSirebulia evro-
puli pasuxismgeblobis gacnobierebasTan, rac evropuli kultu-
risa da Rirebulebebis, evropuli identobis fesvebis wvdomas
gulisxmobs.
mamardaSvilis azriT, evropul identobas asaki ar gaaCnia,
is mudam dabadebis procesSia; Tuki mamardaSvilis msjelobas
Tanmimdevrulad mivyvebiT, maSin cxadi gaxdeba, rom evropuli
identoba ori elementis _ berZnul-romauli samyaros samoqala-
qo ideisa da qristianobis, kerZod, saxarebis ideis _ sinTezs
warmoadgens.
aq mniSvnelovania samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos romauli
koncefcia. samoqalaqo samarTali romSi gasaocar simaRles aR-
wevs da adamianis, rogorc moqalaqisa da pirovnebis formireba-
Si ganuzomlad did rols TamaSobs. aq ganxorcielda Tavisuf-
1
èvropuli pasuxismgebloba~. merab mamardaSvilis 80 wlisTavisadmi
miZRvnili saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis masalebi, redaqtor-
Semdgeneli: T. iremaZe, Tbilisi, `nekeri~, 2011.
2
Sdr. J. p. vernani, qarTveli sokrate, Targmna m. xarbediam, ix.: àri-
li~, 12 oqtomberi (Tbilisi, 2000w.), gv. 6-8.
3
J. Bastenaire, Le “Francais” de la philosophie sovietuque // èvropuli pa-
suxismgebloba~, ... gv. 16-23.
merab mamardaSvili: evropuli identobis aRqma _ gza TviTgamorkvevisken 249
lebis ideis progresi. miuxedavad imisa, rom rom `romaeli xal-
xis gansja moklebulia gonsa da suls, misi meSveobiT mainc
xorcieldeba Tavisuflebis progresi~, rac, saboloo jamSi,
swored pozitiuri samarTlis Seqmnas ukavSirdeba. Tu hegelis
samarTlis filosofiis ZiriTad principebs gavixsenebT, àRmo-
savluri da nawilobriv berZnuli imperiisagan gansxvavebiT, ro-
maelebma4 SemoiRes samarTlis axali principi, romelic formasa
da formalizms efuZneba; [...] swored grZnobasa da suls mokle-
buli obieqturi norma iqca imad, rac SesaZlebebls xdis su-
lis, mrwamsis, zne-CveulebaTa da religiis Tavisuflebas~5. aR-
saniSnavia, rom am procesis paralelurad viTardeboda azris
Tavisufleba filosofiaSi. romis samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo na-
Teli magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba socialuri anu samo-
qalaqo idea, usasrulo ideali, ganxorcieldes realurad, kon-
kretul sazogadoebaSi.
saqarTvelo arasodes ar yofila romauli samarTlebrivi
saxelmwifos memkvidre. am konteqstSi mamardaSvili sakuTar qve-
yanas postkoloniurs uwodebs: radgan `qveyana, sadac me daviba-
de, aris eqsimperiis moxetiale paradoqsi da imavdroulad pos-
tkoloniuri [...]~6.
evropuli identobis meore elementi, mamardaSvilis azriT,
saxarebaa; saxareba adamianSi aris idea, Sinagani xma, sindisi; sa-
Wiroa am xmis gagoneba da mis kvaldakval svla. `saWiroa praq-
tikuli mxardaWeris, raime garantiis gareSe siaruli, svla
mxolod Sinagani xmis kvaldakval. ase vlindeba adamiani, ro-
gorc simSvidis damrRvevi elementi, rogorc moqmedi elementi,
rogorc elementi, romelic qmnis istorias~7.
4
aRmosavleTi da Zv. berZnebi ki samarTlis principad zneobriv kavSir-
mimarTebebs da partikularul subieqturobas miiCnevdnen.
5
ix.: h. Snaideri, Tavisuflebis istoria hegelTan // h. Snaideri, l.
zaqaraZe, g. TavaZe, d. labuCiZe, T. iremaZe, ra aris Tavisufleba? didi
moazrovneebi Tavisuflebis arsis Sesaxeb, Sarl lui monteskie, Jan
Jak ruso, georg vilhelm fridrix hegeli, herbert spenseri, erix
fromi, Tbilisi, `nekeri~ 2011, gv.50-51.
6
m. mamardaSvili, evropuli pasuxismgebloba, ... gv. 209.
7
iqve, gv. 209.
250 lali zaqaraZe
saxarebiseuli elementis analiziT mamardaSvili xazs us-

vams evropuli kulturis Taviseburebas: es aris TvalsaCino
sxvaoba, Sinagani principi, TiToeul adamianSi arsebuli rwmena,
rasac metyvelebis Zalas uwodeben. adamianis Sinagani principi-
dan momdinare enis, metyvelebis uflebamosileba mamardaSvilTan
arsebiT mniSvnelobas iZens da is adamianis Zalisxmevasa da
brZolas gansazRvravs. adamianis yvelaze arsebiTi miswrafeba sa-
kuTari Tavis realizebaa. es ki mxolod sametyvelo, artikuli-
rebuli sivrciT aris miRwevadi. adamianis udidesi nawili, ma-
mardaSvilis azriT, misi adamianobis miRmaa da metyvelebis siv-
rceSi arsebobs. `.[..] adamiani arsebobs SiSveli da marto sit-
yvis winaSe, ... adamiani mxolod maSin aris adamiani, rodesac ar-
sebobs sivrce cocxali agorisa, _ savse sametyvelo artikula-
ciiT [...]~8, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs Camoayalibos Tavisi az-
rebi, ifiqros is, rasac fiqrobs.
evropeli adamianis istoria swored am ori elementis ur-
TierTobiT yalibdeba. am TvalsazrisiT is maradiuli Zalisxme-
vaa da mudam ganaxlebadia.
mamardaSvilisTvis evropuli kultura aris pirveli da,
SesaZloa, saboloo pasuxi mniSvnelovan kiTxvaze _ SesaZlebe-
lia Tu ara cvlileba msoflioSi, SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom
borkildadebul mdgomareobaSi myofi adamiani ganTavisufldes am
mdgomareobidan, ganviTardes, amaRldes da adamianis srulyofili
ideali ganaxorcielos. aRsaniSnavia, rom evropuli kulturis
upiratesobebis win wamoweviT, mamardaSvili erTgvarad fridrix
nicSes `didi evropuli politikis~ koncefcias exmianeba9.
adamianis arsebobis safuZveli da sicocxlis saSualeba is-
toriaa. evropuli Zalisxmeva istoriuli formiT adamianis mier
sakuTari Tavis realizaciis Seuwyveteli mcdelobaa, rac, sabo-
loo jamSi, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aRorZinebas iwvevs. mamar-
daSvilis azriT, swored samoqalaqo sazogadoebaa aucilebeli
imisaTvis, rom adamiani istoriaSi iyos. misi Sexedulebebi samo-
8
iqve, gv. 212.
9
ix.: T. iremaZe, evropuli Zalisxmeva // evropuli pasuxismgebloba, ...
gv. 201.
merab mamardaSvili: evropuli identobis aRqma _ gza TviTgamorkvevisken 251
qalaqo sazogadoebis Sesaxeb cnobierebasa da istoriaze Rrma
filosofiuri dakvirvebidan momdinareobs10.
visac ar gaaCnia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis srulyofili
sistemis istoria, mas unda esmodes, rom ès aris is, rac unda
gvqondes~ da, amasTan, is SesaZloa gvqondes istoriuli perspeq-
tivis saxiT. evropa is samyaroa, sadac SesaZlebelia istoriis
progresuli Zalebis da sakuTari arsebobis safuZvlebis aRor-
Zineba.
mamardaSvilTan adamianic evropuli identobis konteqstSia
gaazrebuli. adamianic mudmivad sakuTari Tavis formirebis pro-
cesSia. Sesabamisad, istoriac adamianad gaxdomis mcdelobis is-
toriaa. àdamiani ar arsebobs, igi iqmneba~11. marTalia, evrope-
lebi da araevropelebic erTsa da imave istoriul momentebSi
arseboben, magram maTi istoriuli momentebis qronologia er-
TmaneTs ar emTxveva. mamardaSvilis azrebi ufro momavlis az-
rebi aRmoCnda, radgan is dRevandelobas exmianeba. is, rac niSan-
doblivia evropuli kulturisTvis, is àxla~ xdeba CvenTvis da
Cvenc, SesaZloa, imave safrTxeebisa da pasuxismgeblobis winaSe
aRmovCndeT.
es safrTxe, upirveles yovlisa, axali, modernuli, Tana-
medrove barbarosobaa, mas SeiZleba kulturuli barbarosobac
vuwodoT; es is mdgomareobaa, roca adamians ar eZleva saSuale-
ba yovelive imis gamoTqmisa, rasac ganicdis, rasac grZnobs, rac
surs da rasac fiqrobs. amgvari cxovreba `CanasaxSive mkvdari
dabadebaa~, es aris Tavisuflebasa da azrovnebaze uaris Tqma,
rac sikvdilis tolfasia, rac sakuTar Rirsebaze uaris Tqmas
niSnavs. ìstoria, xSir SemTxvevaSi, aris sasaflao imisa, rac
darCa arSobil sulTa enaSi~12.
sapirispirod amisa, evropeloba mudam ganaxlebis mdgomare-
obisadmi mzaobas niSnavs. es adamianis `bunebrivi mdgomareobaa~.
es aris mudmivi, dauRalavi Zalisxmeva srulyofisa da ukeTesis
damkvidrebisken. evropul kulturaSi es erTgvari universaluri
10
L. R. Fletcher, A slow reading of “The Civil Society: An Interview with Merab
Mamardashvili” // evropuli pasuxismgebloba, ... gv. 96.
11
evropuli pasuxismgebloba, ... gv. 211.
12
iqve, gv. 213.
252 lali zaqaraZe
kanonis saxes iZens: iyo samarTliani, mihyve Sinagan xmas da

arasodes waxvide sakuTari sindisis winaaRmdeg. aq Tavisufali
azrovneba da srulyofilebisken swrafva, kantianuri _ sakuTari
sindisis xma CemSi _ da qristianul-saxarebiseuli principebi
erTmaneTs xvdeba. evropuli identoba am principebis erTgulebas
gulisxmobs. amdenad, gamosavali erTia: imgvari Zalisxmevis
aRorZineba an xelaxla Seqmna, romlis simtkiciTaa daRdasmuli
evropuli qmediToba. es imgvari sivrcis Seqmnis tolfasia, sa-
dac nebismieri adamiani SeZlebs sakuTari jansaRi Zalebis mobi-
lizebas Tavisuflebis cnobierebis misaRwevad, imave ZalisxmeviT
daelodeba sakuTar Tavs da moaxerxebs TviTgamorkvevas.
Tamar berekaSvili
identobis problema —
dro da sarke
am qveyanaze arsebobs ori mocemu-

loba, romlebic, TiTqosda, yvelaze Cve-
ulia, yoveldRiuria, mudam CvenTan aris,
Tan gvdevs da amasTan rCeba amoucnobi
da idumali. esaa dro da sarke. ucnau-
ria da aralogikuri drois da sarkis
erTad ganxilva, rogorc msgavsis an er-
Ti bunebis movlenebis. isini marTlac
sruliad gansxvavebul mocemulobebs Tu
ideebs warmoadgenen, magram amasTan, ori-
ve adamianis realobis nawilia da misi
arsebobis predikati. orive erTgvar
rols asrulebs adamianis identobis
povnasa da ganmtkicebaSi da mimarTeba
orive am cnebisadmi, Cveni azriT, naTels
hfens identurobis problemas.
adamiani Tavisi arsebobis manZil-
ze cdilobs Tavisi adgilis, mniSvnelo-
bis, daniSnulebis gacnobierebas. nawi-
lobriv is amas axerxebs da axdens Tvi-
Tidentobis meSveobiT. warmoudgenelia,
rogor unda SesZlos adamianma zogadad
adamianis, adamianurobis gaazreba, Tu ar
Camoyalibda TviTon garkveul `med~, su-
bieqtad, ar ganmtkicda TviTgancdaSi da
ar Seafasa Tavisi gansakuTrebuloba. es,
TiTqosda, bunebrivi da sruliad logi-
kuri procesi arc Tu iseTi martivia.
254 Tamar berekaSvili
uamravia adamiani, romelic ibadeba, cxovrobs, kvdeba da srule-

biT ar fiqrobs Tavis daniSnulebaze da, miTumetes, ar cdilobs
Tavisi adgilis, gansakuTrebuli adgilis damkvidrebas.
TviTidenturobis problemis saintereso interpretacias
iZleva frangi filosofosi pol rikiori (1), romelic Tavis
xedvas odisevsis magaliTis meSveobiT gadmogvcems. is miiCnevs,
rom identurobis problema, romelic yvela moazrovne pirovne-
bas udgeba, gulisxmobs ara marto mis pirovnul TviTgamorkve-
vas, Tavisi saSualebebis da unarebis wvdomas, aramed agreTve
cnobas sxvebis mxridan. ar aris sakmarisi, me vicode vina var da
ra SemiZlia, Semdegi nabijia _ sxvebis mxridan Cemi meobis aRia-
reba, Cemi cnoba “aseTad” Tu ar moxda, Cemi meoba, Cemi TviTi-
dentoba ver gansaxierdeba, ver ganmtkicdeba. amis karg magaliTs
marTlac odisevsi warmoadgens, romelic mravali wliT mowyda
saxls, samSoblos da brundeba Sin, rogorc ucnobi. Tavad manac
erTgvarad dakarga TviTSegrZnebis Zveli, Cveuli xati da Tavi-
dan uxdeba Tavisi meobis TviTgamorkveva, misi SesaZleblobebis
sazRvrebis dadgena da sxvebisTvis amis kidev erTxel damtkice-
ba. rasakvirvelia, es procesi ar iwyeba am SemTxvevaSi sufTa
furclidan. odisevs aqvs warsuli, saidanac mohyveba Tilismasa-
viT mexsierebis suraTebi da utyuari simboloebi, romlebic
mxolod misia, misi Taviseburebis, erTaderTobis niSnebia.
aTi wlis manZilze odisevsi modis saxlSi, iTakaSi, da
am aTi wlis manZilze is uamrav gansacdels xvdeba, rac misgan
moiTxovs gonierebas, erTgulebas, vaJkacobas, simamaces, moTmine-
bas, imeds da rwmenas. marTalia, am grZel gzaze mas exmareba
qalRmerTi aTena, magram imitomac exmareba, rom es odisevsia, an
unda gaxdes odisevsi. amasTan mtrebic hyavs da erT-erTi maTgani
yovlisSemZle zRvebisa da okeaneebis RmerTi- poseidonia, rom-
lis winaaRmdegobis daZlevas gansakuTrebuli pirovnuloba
sWirdeba, swored odisevsoba sWirdeba.
homeross araferi aqvs naTqvami, ramdenad mniSvnelovania
dro am TviTidentobis povnasa da ganmtkicebaSi. ramdenad mniS-
vnelovania is imisTvis, rom imis Semdeg, rac odisevsi `Tavs ga-
itans~ da SeinarCunebs, miiyvans miznamde, aiZulebs sxvebsac,
scnon misi meoba, misi erTaderToba, misi uflebebi, misi odisev-
soba.
drois mniSvnelobaze arc rikiors aqvs raime naTqvami.
TviTidentobis mtkiceba es aqtia, ufro swored, aqtebis mTeli
identobis problema – dro da sarke 255
wyeba. da am aqtebs zurgs umagreben simboloebi, niSnebi, romle-
bic mniSvnelobas iZenen am aqtebis fonze, magram maT gareSe
arafris mTqmelebia. odisevsis SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, es simbo-
loebia: naiarevi wvivze, an saidumlo odisevsis da penelopas
sawolze, romlis Seqmnis istoria marto maT ician.
maS ase, dro: dro, romelic uxilavia da mas veravin xe-
davs, Tumca mis Zalas da gavlenas yvela grZnobs. Znelia, SeuZ-
lebeli umtkico garemocvas, rom igive xar oci wlis Semdegac.
aq, marTlac, damatebiTi simboloebi da saidumlo mogonebebi
mniSvnelobas iZenen, magram mainc gadaulaxavi zRudeebi Cndeba.
berZnebisTvis dro yovelTvis warmoadgenda did proble-
mas. dro araracionaluria maTTvis da saWiroa misi moSoreba.
berZnebi dros ganixilavdnen an rogorc “ciklur dros~, rome-
lic ar viTardeba. es aris maradisoba, romelic moZraobs wreze,
an rogorc `miTiur dros~, rodesac dros ar gaaCnia Tanmimdev-
roba da aqvs dabrunebis unari.
odisevsisTvis, TiTqosda, dros arca aqvs mniSvneloba. es
misi xvedria, rac droze ar aris damokidebuli, is yvela Sem-
TxvevaSi moxdeba da es faqtobrivad aris mudmivi gameoreba, ro-
melic amjerad odisevs uweria ganasaxieros.
qristianobam kardinalurad Secvala antikuri, berZnuli
midgoma droisadmi. qristianobisTvis TiToeul suls aqvs Tavisi
gansakuTrebuli istoria, romlis winaswarganWvreta SeuZlebe-
lia. dro aq warmoadgens gadasvlas, rodesac xdeba misi daniS-
nulebis gansaxiereba. Cveni bedi ar ganisazRvreba winaswar ra-
Rac niSnebiT, magaliTad, zodiaqos niSnebiT, da Cveni daniSnule-
ba damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor gamoviyenebT dros, dros,
romelic Tavisufalia, an Cveni damrTgunvelia.
Cveni materialoba igive droa, romelic SezRudulia da
swored es is xanaa, is periodia, romelic me maqvs imisTvis,
rom Cemi identoba davamkvidro da movipovo maradisoba. da Cemi
identoba, romelic maradisobas miqadis, mtkicdeba sxvaTa aRia-
rebiTac, cnobiT, Cemi identurobis niSnad qceviT.
egzistencialistebis da, kerZod, haidegeris (2) Sexedu-
lebiT, dro adamianis yofierebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani maxasia-
Tebelia. dro ara marto dakavSirebulia zogadad yofierebasTan,
aramed swored adamianis yofierebasTan.
dros, romelic adamianTanaa dakavSirebuli, haidegeri
uwodebs `pirvelsawyis dros~, xolo dros, romelic ar aris
uSualod dakavSirebuli adamianTan, `warmoebul dros~. dros

romelsac adamiani ganicdis, haidegeri uwodebs `droebiTobas~,
romelic yofierebis rogoroba ki ara, aramed Tavad yofierebaa,
anu iqceva Tavad subieqtad. droebiToba yovelTvis Cvenia da
CvenSia, misi meSveobiT ixsneba yofiereba.
droebiTobas haidegeri axasiaTebs iseTi niSnebiT, rogo-
rebicaa: sasruloba, eqstatiuroba, horizontaloba, sikvdilis-
ken mimarTeba. sasruloba dakavSirebulia adamianis arsebobis
sasrulobasTan. eqstatiuroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom warsuli,
awmyo da momavali arseboben erTdroulad da warmoadgenen èq-
stazebs~ - adamianis subieqturi gancdebis momentebs. horizon-
taloba niSnavs imas, rom `pirvelsawyisi~ dro ar aris dakavSi-
rebuli ganviTarebis procesTan. mas axasiaTebs ara imdenad gan-
viTareba, rogorc ganmeoreba.
haidegeri miiCnevs, rom Tanamedrove filosofiaSi xdeba
awmyos absolutizireba. sinamdvileSi ki warsuli, awmyo da mo-
mavali urTierTganapirobeben erTmaneTs, xdeba maTi urTierTSeR-
weva. warsuli mudam arsebobs da zemoqmedebs awmyoze da moma-
valze, romlebic agreTve yovelTvis arseboben da zemoqmedeben
erTmaneTze da warsulze.
ganixileba ra rogorc awmyo, dro ganixileba rogorc
mudmivi yofna, xolo momavlis formiT is dakavSirebulia SiS-
Tan, molodinTan, movaleobasTan. marto mimarTeba momavlisken
aniWebs pirovnebas namdvil arsebobas.
adamianis arseboba, haidegeris mixedviT, aerTianebs drois
sxvadasxva momentebs, aerTianebs yofierebas da dros. metic,
adamiani Tavad aris drois Semqmneli, vinaidan awmyo da momava-
li, da, amdenad, warsulic, determinirebulia misi qceviT da sa-
momavlo gegmebiT.
drois gareSe adamiani ver iqneboda calkeuli arseba, me
igivuri gaxdeboda RmerTis. xangrZlivoba, droebiToba me maZ-
levs saSualebas viurTierTobo RmerTTan da amasTan maSorebs
mas. xangrZlivobas axasiaTebs qmnadoba, is aris arsebulis arse-
bobis saSualeba. drois TiToeuli momenti maradisobis gamovle-
naa. haidegeris idea warsulis, awmyos da momavlis Tanaarsebobis
Sesaxeb kargad eTanadeba Tanamedrove midgomebsac. xangrZlivoba
warmoadgens swored im cnebas, romelic yvelaze kargad gamoxa-
tavs drois arsebobas adamianisTvis da misi am sami saxis (war-
suli, awmyo, momavali) arsebobis gamijvnis pirobiTobas. dRes
laparakia imaze, rom warsuli aris momavlis momavali (laveli)
da ar gansazRvravs momavals. piriqiT, warsuli gamudmebiT ic-
vleba momavlis gavleniT. marTlac, ganusazRvreli momavlis
SemTxvevaSi adamiani Seborkilia, is kargavs am momavals, imitom
rom ver xedavs warsuls. mxolod Camoyalibebuli pirovneba,
romelic identobis damkvidrebis Sedegad xedavs warsuls,
flobs momavals. marto warsulis gamijvniT SesaZlebelia win
svla da mxolod momavals SeuZlia gansazRvros warsulis ro-
meli movlenaa mniSvnelovani. Tavisufali adamiani ukan ar ixede-
ba, ambobs oskar ualdi, magram warsulisgan gaTavisufleba Se-
saZlebelia mxolod misi gacnobierebiT.
warsuli gvaZlevs Cven STabeWdilebebs, Sefasebebs, ime-
debs, gvixsnis im gzebs da sferoebs, sadac Cveni meobis yvelaze
sruli gamoxatvis SesaZleblobaa, magram amasTan warsuli saso-
warkveTilebis grZnobis udidesi wyaroa. Amdenad, momavali ara
mexsierebaa warsulis momentebze, aramed maTi gaxsenebis da ga-
moyenebis unaria. gamoketva warsulSi ar warmoadgens sicoc-
xlis gaxangrZlivebas. xangrZlivoba, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
mudmivi qmnadobaa. am TvalsazrisiT, istoria es perspeqtivaa,
romelic moqceulia warsulisken, magram mis centrs yovelTvis
warmoadgens awmyo. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom es centri mudam
gadaadgildeba, amitom istoriac icvleba.
Jan lakrua sainteresod axasiaTebs drois da maradiulo-
bis urTierTmimarTebas; (4) misi SexedulebiT, es mimarTeba kar-
gad gamoixateba sindisis qejnisa da monaniebis analizSi. sindi-
sis qejna mimarTulia warsulze da aq yovelTvis SeiZleba mox-
des ise, rom is gadaiqceva sasowarkveTilebad. marTlac, gamo-
ketva warsulSi, marto misiT cxovreba, misi uaryofiTi mxaree-
bis mudmivi gadasinjva da uunaroba misi gadalaxvisa sxva arafe-
ria, Tu ara sasowarkveTileba. iudasa da wminda petres Soris
gansxvaveba ara maTi Secodebis xarisxSia, aramed imaSi, rom iuda
moiqca warsulisken, ver gadalaxa is da sasowarkveTilebaSi Ca-
varda, ramac TviTmkvlelobamde miiyvana. xolo wminda petrem
Tavisi mzera momavlisken miapyro, imedisken, sasowarkveTili
adamiani Tavisi warsulis tyvea. sainteresoa agreTve, rom momav-
lisken svla, monanieba, qmnadoba Zalian xSirad sazogadoebaSi
dabrunebaa, adamianebTan da adamianebisTvis yofnaa.
monanieba mimarTulia momavlisken. es metafizikuri
grZnobaa, romelic gadalaxavs dros da maradiulobas Seefarde-
ba. uneburad maxsendeba van-gogis mier moyvanili ambavi – kaci

midioda salocavad da fiqrobda: RmerTo, iqneb mTeli Cemi Cana-
fiqri amaoa?! vin icis, Rirs Tu ara raimis keTeba? an Tu gava-
keTeb kidec, ramdenad SesaZlebelia Sedegis miReba? an ki movas-
wreb am Sedegis miRebas? aseT fiqrebSi garTuls Semoesma xma.
moiqeci ise, TiTqos ukvdavi xar da yvelaferi kargad iqneba.
magram aseTi midgoma samarTliania da qmediTi saqmis daw-
yebisas. sinamdvileSi, sicocxle es mudmivi dasawyisia. warsu-
lis gadalaxva dasawyiss niSnavs; Caketili samyarodan gareT
gasvlaa, komunikaciis, urTierTobisTvis mzadyofnaa – da am
mzadyofnis mospoba momavlis CaxSobis tolfasia. warsulidan
gamosvla momavlisken, maradiulisken svlaa. aq Cndeba axali sa-
SiSroeba, samomavlo cru mzadyofnis gancda, romelic uSedegoa
da warmoadgens mauvaise foi, cru arCevans an yalb arCevans. aq
ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT CiCerinis araCveulebrivi fraza mo-
cartze: `mas yovelTvis axsovda, rom mokvdavia~. yofiereba, ro-
melic igive droSi yofnaa, gansaxierebuli paradoqsia, erTi
mxriv, adamiani mudam laxavs warsuls da momavlisken miemarTeba,
maradiulobaSi, da, meore mxriv ki, mas mudam axsovs, rom mok-
vdavia, rom yoveli wuTi SeiZleba ukanaskneli aRmoCndes da
mxolod am ori gancdis gamTlianebiT adamiani iqceva pirovnebad
da poulobs Tavis identurobas.
aq ar SeiZleba ar SevniSnoT, rom warsulSi aris faqti-
uri movlenebi, romelTa Secvla SeuZlebelia, magram faqtebi es
materialuri sferoa. adamiani ki ganisazRvreba ara faqtebiT,
aramed aqtebiT. marTalia, momxdari faqti ar SeiZleba Seicva-
los, Tundac monaniebiT, magram SeiZleba Seicvalos misi sazri-
si. adamianis cxovrebaSi araferia saboloo, gayinuli, araferia
warsuli. awmyo, romelic maradiulis amwuTieri arsebobaa axal
da sakuTar mniSvnelobas aniWebs warsulsac da momavalsac. da
es svla warsulidan momavlisken xangrZlivobis wyalobiT niS-
navs adamianis maradiulobasTan wilxvedrobas, rac igivea, rac
misi identobis mudmiv mtkicebas droSi dauRleli aqtebiT,
SromiT.
Cven aRvniSneT, rom identobis damkvidrebisTvis aucile-
belia sxvebis aRiareba, erTgvari dasturi garedan, rac, rogorc
ukve iTqva, momavlis TvalsazrisiT warsulis gansazRvracaa da
Tavisi erTaderTobis niSnebis, simboloebis dafiqsirebac, rac
cnobili da miRebuli iqneba im garemocviT, adamianis an adamian-
Ta jgufis mier, romelic aucilebelia Cemi identobis gansam-
tkiceblad. aq Cndeba sarkis mniSvneloba adamianisTvis da misi
meobis formirebisTvis.
sagangebo moments warmoadgens adamianisTvis is periodi,
rodesac bavSvi iwyebs Tavis cnobas sarkeSi, anu Tavisi gamosa-
xulebis da Sinagani meobis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas. sarke, er-
Ti mxriv, adamians exmareba Tavs Sexedos garedan, obieqturad
da, meore mxriv, saSualebas aZlevs mas garegnobis usiamovno
nakvTebi Secvalos, dafaros. anu sarke, TiTqosda, Signidan ga-
reT sasurveli niSnebis gamotanisa da gamosaxvis saSualebaa da
Semdeg Sinagani gamoZaxilis mixedviT, am gare gamosaxulebis ko-
reqtirebis saSualebacaa.
sarke idumalebis Semcveli sagania – aseTi nacnobi, mi-
sawvdomi da amasTan, uamravi saidumlos Semcveli. uamravi miTi,
zRapari, Tqmuleba swored am mimarTebas asaxavs sarkisadmi. mic-
valebulis saxlSi dasvenebisas, sarkes afareben tilos, Ria ka-
rebSi sarke ar unda Candes, sarkeTi mkiTxaoben, yvebian mis ja-
dosnur unarze.
amboben, rom sarkeebis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia drois Se-
kumSva da piriqiT, drois gawelva. am TvalsazrisiT tibetSi ar-
sebul kldovan sarkeebs (bunebriv sarkeebs) zogierTi mogzauri
da mkvlevari `drois manqanas~ uwodebs. Easea Tu ara, magram
ueWvelad unda vaRiaroT, rom sarke garkveuli idumali energi-
is wyarod iqceva, Tu masTan dakavSirebul uamrav legendas da
istorias gavixsenebT. is iqca iseT simbolod, romelic Tavis
TavSi uamrav geStalts atarebs, Tu SeiZleba es fsiqologiuri
termini am SemTxvevas mivusadagoT. Znelia imis gansazRvra, Tu
ramdenad mistiuria sarke, magram is aseTi gaxda misi sagangebo
funqciis da misdami damokidebulebis gamo.
is, vinc sarkeSi iyureba, Zalian xSirad aigivebs sarkeSi
arsebul gamosaxulebas realobasTan. es problema warmoadgens
im tradiciuli gansxvavebis magaliTs, romelic arsebobs moCve-
nebiTobasa da realobas Soris, rac bertran raselis azriT,
èrT-erTi iseTi gansxvavebaa, romelic iwvevs filosofiaSi yve-
laze did problemebs~.
amrigad, sarke, romelSic adamians Tavisi realuri, WeSma-
riti saxis danaxva surs, SeiZleba moCvenebiTobis da, amdenad,
yalbi warmodgenis safuZveli gaxdes. adamiani, romelic sarkis
win met-naklebi warmatebiT iqmnis Tavis garegnul imijs, SeiZ-
leba am imijis tyve gaxdes da misiT Seanacvlos Tavisi Sinagani

pirovnuli arsi, anu miswrafeba qmnadobisken, WeSmariti `mes~
Zieba gadaifaros sarkeSi warmodgenili xelovnuri gamosaxule-
biT. uneburad gvaxsendeba miTi narcisze, romelmac Tvali ver
mowyvita Tavis gamosaxulebas wyalSi da misi mTeli cxovreba
am gamosaxulebis tkbobad gadaiqca.
sinamdvileSi adamianebs gvsurs nozikis sityvebiT: `viyoT
gansazRvruli saxiT gansazRvruli pirovnebebi~ (6.) anu gvsurs
namdvili arseboba, namdvili identobis povna, namdvili qmedeba,
maradisobasTan Sexeba. SeuZlebelia adamiani pirovnebad Camoya-
libdes, Tu man ar gadalaxa Tavisi warsuli viTarebebi, Tavisi
wina, arasrulyofili, cdomili meobebi (razec ukve visaubreT).
magaliTisTvis SeiZleba moviyvanoT Cveni mozardobis
droindeli suleluri, xSirad ulmobeli qmedebebi, magram bevri
adamiani amas laxavs da yalibdeba sakmaod dadebiT pirovnebad.
magram amisTvis aucilebelia namdvili gamocdileba, sakuTar
Secdomebze sindisis qejna da monanieba.
aristotelec Tavis `nikomaqes eTikaSi~ aRniSnavs, rom
evdemonia anu xangrZlivi namdvili bedniereba da keTildReoba
es iseTi ramea, rac SeiZleba davaxasiaToT rogorc moRvaweoba,
qmedeba. namdvili adamiani, pirovneba aris ara adamiani, rogoric
is aris, aramed rogoric is unda gaxdes qmnadobis procesSi.
davubrundebiT ra sarkes, unda SevniSnoT, rom sarke ase
Tu ise mainc gviCvenebs, ra gvsurs, rogori gvinda viyoT, ra
grZnobebi gvinda aRvbeWdoT Cvens garegnobaSi, rogor gvinda mo-
vaCvenoT Tavi Cvens irgvliv myofebs. Tu SevizRudebiT mxolod
garegnuli imijis SeqmniT da amiT davkmayofildebiT, rasakvirve-
lia, Cvens SesaZlo WeSmarit pirovnulobas verasodes movipo-
vebT. sarkeSi xelovnurad Seqmnili saxe xom yovelTvis raRac
mza-mzareuli xatia, kalkia ukve viRacis mier Seqmnili xatisa,
es morgebaa sxvisi ieris, ucxo simbolos gamravlebaa. aucilebe-
lia sakuTari simboloebis, sakuTari niSnebis da idumali gamoc-
dilebis arseboba, rac pirovnulobis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes
atributs Seadgens. sarkeSi maTi aRmoCena an Seqmna SeuZlebelia;
isini Tavad iqmneba adamianis realuri qmediTi cxovrebiT da
xSirad srulebiT ar emTxveva sasurvels, Tumca ki yovelTvis
arsebobs maTi Secvlis da srulyofis saSualeba warsulis ga-
dalaxviT da momavlisken swrafviT. xdeba isedac, rom damdgari
awmyo ufro mSvenieria da mdidari, vidre adamians SeiZleba war-
moedgina. sarkeSi danaxuli Tavisi saocnebo gamosaxuleba am
SemTxvevaSi axal cdunebad iqceva warsulad qceul awmyoSi da-
sarCenad. warsuli ki, rogorc iTqva, mkvdaria da ararsebuli,
Tu mas momavali ar gardaqmnis.
literatura
1. Рикер. Путь к признанию М. РОССПЭН. 2010.

2. Хайдеггер М. Бытие и времяю М. 1997.
3. Сартр Ж-П Экзистенциализм – это гуманизм// Сумерки
богов. М. 1989.
4. Лакруа Ж. Избранное. Персонализм. М. РОССПЭН. 2004
5. Lavelle L. Du temps et de l’éternité. Aubier, 1945.
6. .Nozick R. Anarchy, State and Utopia. N – Y 1974 N7.
gamomcemloba ùniversali~
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge

Semiotika: Semiotics

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Semiotika: Semiotics

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saqarTvelos semiotikis sazogadoeba

semiotikis kvlevis centri

mTavari redaqtori Editor-in-Chief

Tamar berekaSvili Tamar Berekashvili

© semiotikis kvlevis centri 2011

dagvikavSirdiT: E-mail: tsira_barbakadze@iliauni.edu.ge

dro enasa da kulturaSi, drois semiotika

elizbar elizbaraSvili (Telavi, iakob gogebaSvilis

inga milorava (Tbilisi, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli

ada nemsaZe (Tbilisi, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli

rusudan zeqalaSvili (Tbilisi, ivane javaxiSvilis

maia jaliaSvili(Tbilisi, SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli

zeinab kikviZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

salome omiaZe (Tbilisi, ivane javaxiSvilis

tariel daTiaSvili ( quTaisi, damoukidebeli

nino gogiaSvili (Telavi, iakob gogebaSvilis

gia joxaZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

nino abakelia (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

lali guledani (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

rusudan mircxulava (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

dali baxtaZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

daviT SavianiZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

maia miqautaZe, giga qamuSaZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis

laSa CxartiSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

Tamar kiknaveliZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

luiza xaWapuriZe, ia xaWapuriZe (quTaisi, akaki

nana trapaiZe (baTumi, SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo

irine CaCaniZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

SoTa barbaqaZe (quTaisi, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

Tamar lomiZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

aTinaT mamacaSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

cira barbaqaZe (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

daviT TinikaSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

lali zaqaraZe (baTumi, SoTa rusTavelis

Tamar berekaSvili (Tbilisi, ilias saxelmwifo

Jan bodriaris kulturuli

frangi filosofosi Jan bodriari

litika _ transpolitikad, esTetika _ transesTetikad. es aris

bobs originaluri politikuri strategiebi, aRar xdeba socia-

seqsualuri xdeba, yvelaferi survilis obieqtia: Zalaufleba,

voluciis Semdeg dgeba gaurkvevloba, gangaSi da aRreva. seqsua-

saqarTveloSi, rogorc dasavluri socio-kulturuli siv-

sruli datvirTviT. Mmxatvrebi, yovel dRe erTnair sportul

dRevandel qarTul droSi es “gadRabvnis adgilebi” da ganvsaz-

isini Widaoben TavianTi ofliani fexsacmelebiT” („meti triq-

Tadi teqnologia xdeba dadgma, speqtakli, kargi anturaJi, dama-

,,nivTi~, rogorc drois da

mwerlis mier garkveul dro-siv-

modernistul teqstebSi ,,nivTi’’ gvxvdeba, rogorc drois Sina-

medTa grZnobebze, samyarosadmi damokidebulebaze, epoqaze, dro-

misi mtruli bunebis gaxsnas, drois damangreveli funqciis ga-

vlis marcvlebi, rogorc tuCebi da cremlebi. ezo, kar-midamo,

erTi pirmomtvreuli Zveli xanjali da gordas xmali ai-

yovel nivTs _ beWedsa da sayures, samajurs da koxta

veobiT aRiZvris dangreuli epoqis SegrZneba: `yvelanairi nivTebi

maia, romelic midis zRvasTan, raTa mis talRebSi povos

beWdilebebSi `Caetia~ da amasTan sruli mxatvruli damajereb-

`nivTebi~ adamianebs cocxali qali hgoniT da qali ki am dros

maTi feradovnebac da surnelic moCvenebiTi, yalbia. namdvili

barnovi 1962: barnovi v., TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. t. VI.

kitriani aryis boTli / mzis

`mxolod simboloa maradiuli. anda, maradi-

oTar WilaZis mxatvruli sistemis