YUUNIVARSIITII JIMMAA

KOOLLEEJJII SAAYINSIILEE HAWAASAAFI NAMUMMAA

MUUMMEE FOOKLOORIIFI OGBARRUU OROMOO
SAGANTAA DIGRII 2FFAA FOOKLOORII OROMOOTIIN
ABBALTII GAREE QABXII G/GALEESSAA: 20%

PIROOJEKTII KOORSII;‘OROMO ORAL LITERATURE COURSE CODE:

(OFOL 602’)

MATA DUREEN ABBALTII : “HARIIROO MARSARIITII HAWAASAAFI OGAFAAN

ILAALCHISEE YAADA GARAGARAATU JIRA. MARSARIITIIN HAWAASAA
(SOCIAL MEDIAN) DIINA MOO FIRA AFOOLA OROMOOTI?”KAN JEDHUUDHA.
QOPHEESSAAN: YEZID ABDULKEDIR
KAN GALUUF BARSIISAA: MILKEESSAA IDA’EE TUFAA

Bara Barnootaa: 2023/2015

Jimma,Oromiyaa.
Seensa:
Jecha Afaan Ingiliziin “Folk-lore” jedhu jalqaba hayyuu Briton, William Thoms jedhamutu
moggaase. Kana xalayaa inni “The Athenaeum” –iif Hagayya 12, 1846 barreessee, Hagayya 22,
1846 maxxanfameetu mirkaneessa. Moggaasni salphaan akkasii guddinaafi dagaagina
beekumsa ilmoo namaaf bu’aa guddaa buusa.
Ogbarruun afaanii dirree beekumsaa bal’aa odeeffannoo fi ergaan aadaa afaaniin dhaloota tokko
irraa gara dhaloota biraatti ittiin darbudha. Innis walxaxaafi wal keessa akka urjii samii kan
bittinnaa’eefi aartii afaaniin akka mala yaada darbe yaadachuuf uumame dha.Wanti guddaan
ogbarruu afaanii, kan maalummaa raawwii hojii wajjin walqabatu, adeemsa kalaqaa keessattis
ta’e raawwii keessatti hirmaannaa hawaasni qabuudha. Gahumsi hundi daawwattootaafi waa’ee
daawwattootaaf ykn waa’een ummatichaa ummatichumaan ummatichumaaf kan qophaa’edha.
Barreeffamni afaaniin dubbatamu haala Afrikaa kolonii boodaa keessatti xiyyeeffannoo
hayyootaa hawwataa jira, kunis caalaatti miidiyaalee hawaasaatiin guutamaa jira. Haala kanaan
akka waliigalaatti gooroowwan afoolaa (folklore genres):-Waanta aadaa (material
culture) ,duudhaawwan hawaasaa (social folk custom) gargaraa, aartiiwwan bifa garagaraan
hurruubaman/dalagaman (performing folk arts)fi ogafaan dabalatee qooddaan afur tahan hundi
isaanii Folklore jelatti kan ilaalamaniidha.
Gama biraatiin ,Guddinni saffisaa teeknooloojii fi interneetii addatti garaagarummaadimogiraafii
kamiyyuu osoo hin ilaalin gama jireenyaa hunda irratti dhiibbaa akka geessise ifaadha. Kalaqni
teeknooloojiifi Hojiin isaa deeggarame biyyoota keessatti mul’achuun yeroo hunda faayidaa fi
miidhaa qaba ture. Kalaqni teeknooloojii hundi mata duree falmii ta’ee xiyyeeffannoo
qorattootaa kan harkisee fi guddina Marsariitiiwwan Hawaasummaa irrattis dhiibbaa
uumeera.Qorattoonni adda addaa dhiibbaa marsariitiiwwan kun fayyadamtoota isaanii irratti
qaban heddu adda baasuuf qorannoo kan gaggeessan yoo ta’u, argannoowwan isaanii gama
yaada ifaafi dhokataa/akka iccitiitti kan eegamu akka ta’an dhiyeessan. Kanarraa ka’uun
biyyoonni hedduun waggoota digdama darban keessatti guddina Odeeffannoo ariifataa
teeknooloojii irraa kan ka’e,interneetii banaa argataniiru (Ahamed Rameezfi Mohamed
Nizzad ,2020) kan ibserraa fudhatame .
Barreeffama waraqaa kana keessatti hiikni afoolaaf kenname tarii kan kanaan dura beeknu irraa
adda tahee nuttii mul’achuu dandaha.Toorri xiyyeeffannoo waraqaa kanaa ““Hariiroo marsariitii
hawaasaafi Ogafaan ilaalchisee yaada garagaraatu jira. Marsariitiin hawaasaa (social median)
Diina moo fira afoola Oromooti?”kan jedhu irratti fuulleffata waan ta’eef;Seensi kunis waan
fuulduratti ibsuuf deemnu :Hariiroo Marsariitii Hawaasaafi Ogafaanii irratti yaadotni jiran
bal’inaan ka’aniiru. Marsariitiin Hawaasaa (social Media)n Diina moo Fira Afoola Oromootii?
Mata duree jedhuun qorannoowwan kallattii murteetti nufiduu danda’an ichimamaniiru.Yaadni
barreessaa waraqaa kanaafi Goolabni barruu waraqaa kanaa dhihaateera. Hubannoofi
Murteegaarii hawwaa !
1.Ogafaan (Oral Literature) Maali?
Hiika Afoolaa hima tokkoon ykn yaada tokkoon lafa kaa’uun ulfaataadha .Haata’uuti;Fooklooriin
gosa beekumsaa yaada bal’aa qabu ta’uu isaa yaadaafi hiika hayyuulee adda addaa irraa
hubachuu dandeenya. Hiikni Afoolaaf/Ogafaaniif kana dura kennamee ture,Akkuma hundi
keenyayyuu beeknu karaa ittiin daddabariinsa isaa irratti hundaa’ee maqaa “Afoola/Ogafaan/ or
Oral Literature” jedhu argate.Yeroo hedduu sabquunnamtiiwwan gara garaa kanneen akka
Raadiyoo, Televizyinii,You tube,tik-tokii, Instagram, Interneetiifi kkf irratti bifa sagaleenis ta’u
kan biroon yeroo inni bakka bakkattiifi baraa baratti daddarbu agarra. Akkasumas,barreeffama
gara garaa irratti afoola jechuun kanneen akka durdurii, geerarsa, makmaaksa, hiibboofi
walumaa galatti kalaqa hawaasaa afaaniin dhaloota irraa dhalootatti darban akka ilaallatu
hubanna. Kuni ammoo isa afaan Ingiliziitiin (Oral Literature) jedhu waliin kan walmadaaluu
dandahudha. ‘Oral literature’ inni jedhu kuni Afaan Oromootiin Ogafaan (Ogummaa hawaasaa
barreeffamaan otoo hintahiin, afaaniin labata tokko irraa isa itti aanutti darbu) jedhamee
beekama. Jechi ogafaan jedhu kuni haala kanaan kitaabilee dhihoo maxanfaman fakkeenyaaf
Eela (Asafaa Tafarraatiin bara 2009) akkasumas qorannoowwan Afaan Oromootiin
geggeeffaman hedduu keessatti jecha kana arganna. Akkuma beekamu, Afoolli waa maraa
ilmaan namootaati. Afoolli/ Ogbarruun afaanii gama ogbarruu bifa barreeffamaan osoo hin taane
bifa afaaniin dhimma itti bahamaa dhalootaa dhalootatti daddarbaa jiraataa harra kan gaheedha.
Akka Okoh (2017) jedhutti, Ogbarruun afaanii akka yaad-rimeetti jechoota lama, afaaniin
dubbatamuu fi ogbarruu waan of keessaa qabuuf, yeroo waa’ee Ogafaanii qorannu hiika
jechoota lamaanii akka ka’umsaatti fudhachuun gaarii dha. Inni lammaffaa fi ulfaataa ta’e jecha
Laatiin irraa kan argame jecha “littera” (qubee,tartiiba qubee walduraa duuban qubeeffamanii
jiran qubeessuun dhimma itti bahuu waliin kan wal qabsiifame sana), jecha ammayyaa keessatti
yeroo baay’ee kan itti fayyadamnuudha. Okoh n,(2017) Hiikti jecha Ogbarruu jedhuu kana
caala jedha. Fakkeenyaaf oomishtoonni oomisha isaanii isa haaraa ibsuu keessatti ykn beeksisuu
keessatti akka Ogafaan fayyadaman ibsa. Akka inni jedhutti, Meeshaa Safartuu qoricha Fayyaa
irratti,Dhaabbanni elektirooniksii guguddaa ykn Dhaabbati injinariingii maamiltootaaf oomisha
haaraa tokkoon tokkoon dhiyeessuu irratti, barruun Moggaasu ykn barreeffamoota
‘Maanuwalii” jedhaman kan akkaataa ittifayyadamaa,iddoo turmaata meeshichaa himan fi
Reenjii itti fayyadama meeshichaa waliin qajeelchan qabaata.Kanaaf,isaan kanas asuma keessatti
hammachiisuuf dirqamna. Akka yaada (Saed Jamil,2023) Jedhutti immoo, Ogbarruun akkaataa
namoonni dhuunfaan itti wal qunnamanii fi hawaasummaan itti walqunnaman waan agarsiisuuf,
qaamolee walqunnamtii hawaasa bal’aa fi barbaachisoo ta’an keessaa isa tokkodha.
Kanamalees,Bal’inni yaadrimee afoolaa , Kanneen afaaniin bara irraa baratti darban qofa otoo
hintahiin, Waanta aadaa (material culture) duudhaawwan hawaasaa (social folk custom)
garagaraa, Aartiiwwan bifa garagaraan hurruubamnan/dalagaman (performing folk arts) hundi
isaaniiyyuu jecha/maqaa afoola jedhu kana jalatti ilaalamu. Kunis isa afaan Ingiliziin ‘Folklore’
jedhamu waliin bakka walbu’uu dandaha jechuudha.

2.Marsariitiin/Miidiyaan/ Hawaasaa (social Media n)Maalii?Amaloota

Akkamii Qabaa ?

2.1. Marsariitiin/Miidiyaan/ Hawaasaa (social Media n) Maalii ?

Miidiyaaleen hawaasaa garee hawaasaa toora interneetii irratti walitti dhufeenyaa fi beekumsa
waljijjiiran walitti hidhuu keessatti gumaacha guddaa qabu. Tokko tokko waltajjiiwwan
hawaasummaa kanneen akka Feesbuukii, Wiikiipiidiyaa, Tiwiitara, WhatsApp, Pinterest,
LinkedIn, Instagram, fi Reddit bal’inaan itti fayyadaman. Kunis waltajjiiwwan marsariitii
hawaasaa qofa osoo hin taane bakka namoonni bal’inaan isaan hordofaniif ummataa fi
hawaasaaf qooduu danda’anis dabalata .
Miidiyaan hawaasaa jecha waloo marsariitiiwwaniifi Aplikeeshiniiwwan qunnamtii, galtee
hawaasa irratti hundaa’e, walqunnamtii, qabiyyee waliif qooduun fi tumsa irratti
xiyyeeffataniidha. Namoonni miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamuun hiriyyoota, maatii fi hawaasa
adda addaa waliin wal qunnamuufi walitti dhufeenya uumuuf. Dhaabbileen daldalaa oomisha
isaanii gabaa fi beeksisuuf akkasumas yaaddoo maamiltootaa hordofuuf Application
hawaasummaa fayyadamu. Miidiyaan hawaasaa akka addunyaatti harkifannaa guddaa qaba.
Appilikeeshiniiwwan moobaayilaa waltajjiiwwan kana salphaatti akka argaman taasisa.
Fakkeenyonni beekamoo waltajjiiwwan miidiyaa hawaasaa waliigalaa tokko tokko Twitter,
Facebook fi LinkedIn ni argamu.
A. The Medium:- Jecha “medium”ykn “media”Jedhu kan gidduu
garaagarummaa akkamiitu jira jettee yaadda.?

Jechi Afaan Ingiliziin “Medium”jedhu qeenxummaanfi jechi “media” jedhu hiika isaa bifa
dachaan/danooma/ kan baadhatuudha.

□ “Medium” jechuun wanta ergaa qabatamaa, moodeelota, fakkiiwwanii fi fakkiiwwan,

mallattoolee afaanii fi mul’ataa of keessatti hammate kamiyyuu dha.
□ ‘Medium’n mala ergaa sana baatu.
□ Mee miidhaa qaama saalaa dubartootaa muruun geessisu hawaasa naannoo kee jiru
barsiisuuf akka ramadamte haa fudhannu.
□ Malawwan armaan gadii keessaa kamtu shaakala hawaasichaa fooyyessuuf caalaatti
gargaaruu danda’a jettanii yaaddu?
□ Barumsa Ogafaaniin kennamu, Marii, Barnoota viidiyoodhaan gargaarame, Birooshura,
Chaartii, Gahee taphachuu .
□ ‘Medium’ ergaan barnootaa haala salphaafi ifaa ta’een akka hubatamu godha.
□ Kun Yoo kallattii sirrii ta’een itti fayyadamne, ittiin barachuufi ajajuu dandeenya.
□ Meeshaaleen maxxansaa ,baruu barsiisuuf haala hin mijeessan.
□ Amalli jijjiirama akkasii gahee tapha , diraamaa, marii garee xixiqqaa fi sagaleedhaan
mul’atu kan birootiin haala mijeessuun ni danda’ama ture.

Teeknooloojii:
 Bu’aa oomishaaleefi adeemsa qindaa’aa hojiin kun fedhuufi fedhii keenya guutuuf isa
dandeessisu kan injinarootaan uumaman of keessaa qaba.
 Jecha teknooloojii jedhu yeroo baay’ee fayyadamna .
 Jechi teeknooloojii jedhu hiika ykn hiika adda addaatiin saayinsii wajjin walqabatee jira.
 Teeknooloojiin itti fayyadamaa fi beekumsa meeshaalee, ogummaa harkaa, teeknika, ykn
sirna, ykn mala jaarmiyaaleeti.
 Adeemsa fi oomishaa dha.
 Meeshaaleen barsiisaa bu’aa hojiirra oolmaa adeemsa teeknooloojiiti.
 Teeknooloojiin barnootaa har’as jijjiiramaa jira, borus akkasuma itti fufa.
 Teeknooloojiin barnootaa daree keessattis ta’e naannoo onlaayinii keessatti baruu fi barsiisuu
guddisuuf meediyaa dijitaalaa fayyadama.
 Teeknooloojiin waa’ee maashinii miti, kanaa mannaa teeknooloojii barsiisuu keessatti
ulaagaa sirna barnootaa keessatti gahumsa fooyya’aa kan fidu yoo ta’u yoo hojiirra oole:
 Haalawwan barumsaa ta’uu danda’an ni bal’isa.
 Barumsa (concreteness) irratti safartuu dhugaa tokko tokko ni dabala .
 Daangaa hubannoo sarara (inmediacy) ni dabala.
 Barumsa salphaa, hawwataa fi qormaatamaa taasisuudhaan barataa kakaasa.
 Barsiisuu barsiisa fooyyessuuf yeroo calaqqisiisu dogongora jiruuf sirreeffama ni kenna.
 Adeemsa Galmee qabachuu fi madaaluu salphisa.
 Haala kanaan teeknooloojiin miira kanaan beekumsa, muuxannoo fi qabeenya kaayyoodhaan
hojiirra oolchuun adeemsaa fi oomisha fedhii dhala namaa guutu uumuu kan of keessatti
hammatedha.
Different Definitions In Various Disciplines /Hiika Adda Addaa Gosoota Barnootaa Adda
Addaa Keessatti/:
 Adeemsa namoonni lamaa fi isaa ol yaada, dhugaa, miira ykn yaada tokkoon tokkoon isaanii
ergaa irratti hubannoo waloo akka horatanitti wal jijjiiraniidha.
 Hundee isaatiin ergaa murtaa’eef ykn ergaa walduraa duubaan ergamuuf ergaa fi fudhataa
walitti garagalchuudha.
 Adeemsa odeeffannoon, murtoon fi kallattiin sirna hawaasummaa tokko keessa darbu,
akkasumas karaalee beekumsi, yaadni fi ilaalchi itti uumamu ykn fooyya’udha.
 Humna qunnamtii dhuunfaa tokko amala namoota dhuunfaa biroo fooyyessuuf kaka’umsa
ittiin dabarsuudha.
(MRamlatchsn,2019,2021), “Instructional Message Desine Theory,on effectif learning
.http://digitalcommons.odu.edu. instructional message…

The aim of media:

healthy and wise choices as consumers of media.
Students must use judgment in managing media through awareness, analysis, evaluation and
production.
Four components of media literacy:
Awareness
Analysis
Evaluation
Production

Fundamental characteristics of media literacy: Amaloota Miidiyaa Bu’uuraa:

 Hubannoo dhiibbaa miidiyaan qabu.
 Hubannoo adeemsa qunnamtii ummataa.
 Tooftaalee ergaa miidiyaa xiinxaluu fi mari’achuu.
 Qabiyyee miidiyaa akka barreeffama aadaa keenyaa fi jireenya keenya irratti hubannoo
kennutti hubachuu.
 Qabiyyee miidiyaa itti gammaduu, hubachuu, dinqisiifachuu danda’uu.
 Hubannoo dirqama naamusaa fi naamusaa ogeeyyii miidiyaa.
 Dandeettii oomishaa sirrii fi bu’a qabeessa ta’e guddisuu.
(MRamlatchsn,2019,2021), “Instructional Message Desine Theory,on effectif learning.
http://digitalcommons.odu.edu. instructional message…

Dhiibbaa Miidiyaa Hawaasummaa

Qorannoo Istaatiksii Miidiyaa Hawaasaa Addunyaa
Cuunfaa Qorannoo Istaatiksii Miidiyaa Hawaasaa Addunyaa 2023
Qorannoo Murteessaa Dave Chaffey tiin Caamsaa 11, 2023 gaggeeffame.
Istaatistiksii Fayyadamtoota miidiyaa hawaasaa isa haaraa kan fudhatatama qabuufi itti
fayyadama waltajjiiwwan marsariitii hawaasaa qindeessuu keessatti.
“Social networks have transformed marketing and, as this post shows, their popularity is still
growing in our latest global social media statistics research summary for 2023.”
Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti,Marsariitiiwwan hawaasaa gabaa jijjiiraniiru, akkuma
barreeffamni kun agarsiisutti, jaalatama isaanii ammallee guddachaa jira, qorannoo gabaabduu
istaatiksii miidiyaa hawaasaa addunyaa keenya isa haaraa bara 2023 keessatti. ( Dave Chaffey 11
May, 2023)
“Networks vary in popularity with different demographics and they're still evolving. Research by
Global WebIndex that we reference in this article shows that globally,” . ( Dave Chaffey 11
May, 2023)
Neetworkiin dimogiraafii adda addaatiin guddachaa jiru garaagarummaa bakkaa malee /osoo hin
bakkaan hin daangeffamin /ammallee jaalala ummataa qaba. Qorannoon Global WebIndex
barruu kana keessatti eeruun akka agarsiisutti akka addunyaatti:
“60% of the world's population uses social media. The average daily usage is 2 hours and 24
minutes (April 2023).” . ( Dave Chaffey 11 May, 2023)
Ummata addunyaa keessaa 60% miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadama. Giddugaleessaan guyyaatti
sa’aatii 2 fi daqiiqaa 24 social media tti fayyadaman.(Ebla 2023) dha.

We'll keep this post updated during 2023 as the latest statistics are published
drawing on our recommended top 10 digital marketing statistics sources. We'll be
pointing to new data on the popularity of social media from Global Web Index
(worldwide), Pew Internet Surveys (US) and OfCom (UK), and most recently the
Datareportal April 2023 global overview. ( Dave Chaffey , 2023)

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti,Istaatistiksii haaraa maddoota istaatiksii gabaa dijitaalaa
gurguddoo10n irratti yaadni nuuf kenname /gorfamne/ irraa ka’uun kan kanaan dura
maxxanfamee ture,bara 2023 kana keessa irra deebinee barreeffama kana haaromsine.Daataa
haaraa Hawaasummaa Marsariitii hawaasaa irratti Global Web Index (addunyaa guutuu), Pew
Internet Surveys (US) fi OfCom (UK) irraa, fi yeroo dhiyoo asitti Datareportal April 2023 global
ibsa waliigalaa irraa maal akka fakkaatu ni akeekna. . ( Dave Chaffey 11 May, 2023)
Barreeffamni kun deebii gaaffiiwwan 7n itti fayyadama fayyadamtoota marsariitii hawaasaa
hubachuuf gabaasawwan haaraa murteessoo ta’an qabateera.Gaaffiwwan 7n itti fayyadamtoota
Marsariitii hawaasaas kan kan armaan gadiiti:

Q1. What is the overall popularity of social media compared to internet use globally?

 Walumaagalatti,Fudhatamummaan/jaallatamummaan/ miidiyaa hawaasaa itti fayyadama

interneetii waliin wal bira qabamee yoo ilaalamu akka addunyaatti maalfakkaataa?

Q2. Which are the most popular social networks by demographics (age and gender)?
 Marsariitiiwwan hawaasaa akkaataa dimogiraafii (umrii fi saala)tiin baay’ee jaallataman
kamfa’i?

Q3. Which are the fastest-growing social networks?

 Marsariitiiwwan hawaasaa saffisaan guddachaa jiran kamfa’i?

Q4. How do social users interact with brands when selecting products and services?

 Fayyadamtoonni hawaasummaa yeroo maqaawwan oomishaa fi tajaajiloota daldalaa (brand)

filatan waliin akkamitti walqunnamu?

Q5. What are the different engagement metrics based on consumer behavior when using social
media?

 Yeroo miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamnu amala fayyadamtootaa irratti hundaa’uun

safartuuwwan hirmaannaa adda addaa maali?

Q6. How do consumers interact with different post formats in social media?

 Fayyadamtoonni miidiyaa hawaasaa irratti maxxansaa bifa adda addaa waliin akkamitti
walqunnamuu?

Q7. What are the most popular times for consumers to use social media suggesting the best times
to post?

 Yeroon fayyadamtoonni miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamuun,yeroowwan maxxansaa gaarii dha

jedhanii yaada kennan kan baay’ee jaallataman yeroowwan akkamiiti?

“Now more than ever, marketers need to make smart decisions when planning
their digital distribution channels. So reviewing the latest social media diffusion
and usage stats is a crucial part of any company's digital marketing strategy.”
( Dave Chaffey , 2023)

Yaadni armaan olii kun,Amma yeroo kamiyyuu caalaa,daldaltoonni yeroo karaa raabsa dijitaalaa
isaanii karoorfatan murtoo ogummaa qabu gochuu qabu. Kanaafuu babal’ina miidiyaa hawaasaa
 fi istaatiksii itti fayyadama isaa isa haaraa gamaaggamuun tarsiimoo gabaa dijitaalaa dhaabbata
kamiyyuu keessatti qaama murteessaadha.
Q1. What is the overall popularity of social media compared to internet use globally?
Walumaagalatti miidiyaan hawaasaa akka addunyaatti itti fayyadama interneetii waliin wal bira
qabamee yoo ilaalamu maali?
Gabaastonni Daataa yeroo hunda istaatiksii miidiyaa hawaasaa addunyaa baay’ee isaa kan
haaromsu yoo ta’u, kunis addunyaa miidiyaa hawaasaa irratti hubannoo guddaa tokko tokko
kenna. Islaayidoota dhiheessiiwwan keessaniif hammachuudhaaf buufachuun gaarii dha.
How Many People Use Social Media?
/Namoota meeqatu miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamaa?/
Akka ilaalcha waliigalaa gabaastota daataa Addunyaa Ebla, 2023tti guddinni daballi miidiyaa
hawaasaa itti fufuu isaa arguu dandeenya:

 More than half of the world now uses social media (60%)
 Addunyaan harraa walakkaa ol miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadama (%60)
 4.80 billion people around the world now use social media, 150 million new users have come
online within the last 12 months. . ( Dave Chaffey , 2023)
 Addunyaarratti namoonni biiliyoona 4.80 ta’an amma miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamu,
fayyadamtoonni haaraan miiliyoona 150 ta’an ji’oota 12 darban keessatti toora interneetii irratti
galaniiru.
 The average daily time spent using social media is 2h 24m.
Guyyaatti yeroon miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamuun dabarsinu giddu galeessaan 2h 24m dha.

…The full report from Datareportal contains a huge amount of insight collated
from different data providers across 200+ slides. It provides country-specific data
for the vast majority of the world, so you might want to check out the slides of the
countries in your core markets to get a better idea of the current state of social in
the areas you.... . ( Dave Chaffey , 2023)

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti,Gabaasni guutuun gabaastota daataa irraa hubannoo guddaa
dhiyeessitoota deetaa adda addaa irraa islaayidoota 200 ol irratti walitti qabame of keessaa qaba.
Addunyaa harka caaluuf daataa biyyaan daanga’u kan addaa kennu waan ta’eef, haala
hawaasummaa yeroo ammaa naannoowwan hojjettan irratti yaada fooyya’aa argachuuf
islaayidoota biyyoota gabaa ijoo keessan keessa jiran ilaaluu barbaaddan ta’a. Barreeffama kana
 keessatti daataa miidiyaa hawaasaa kan gabaasa keessatti islaayidii 160 irraa eegalu irratti
xiyyeeffanna.
Chaartiin kun, kan gabaasa daataa, barbaachisummaa fi guddina miidiyaa hawaasaa har’aa
gabaabsee kan ibsudha.

( Dave Chaffey , 2023)

Q2. Which are the most popular social networks by demographics (age and gender)?
 Marsariitiiwwan hawaasaa akkaataa dimogiraafii (umrii fi saala)tiin baay’ee jaallataman
kamfa’i?
“The best source for getting stats on the biggest social media platforms is direct from company
statements and earning announcements.” . ( Dave Chaffey , 2023)
Waltajjiiwwan miidiyaa hawaasaa gurguddoo irratti istaatiksii argachuuf maddi hundarra gaariin
kallattiin ibsa dhaabbatichaa fi beeksisa galii irraati.
“Notably, of the top 4 social media platforms, 3 are owned by Meta. Facebook is
the most-used platform in total - but as marketers, we know it's crucial to
consider different trends of usage for different demographics, as we'll see below.”
( Dave Chaffey , 2023)

Kan yaada armaan olii kana irraa hubatamuu qabu, waltajjiiwwan miidiyaa hawaasaa 4n
gurguddoo keessaa 3 kan Meetaati.Feesbuukiin walumaa galatti waltajjii baay'inaan itti
fayyadamudha - garuu akka gabaa-geessitootaatti, akkuma armaan gaditti ilaallu, haala itti
fayyadama adda addaa dimogiraafii adda addaatiin ilaaluun murteessaa ta'uu ni beekna.

The rapid growth weve seen from TikTok shows no sign of slowing. TikTok had 1.4 billion
monthly active users in 2022 and is expected to reach 1.8 billion by the end of 2023. . ( Dave
Chaffey , 2023)
Guddinni saffisaa TikTok irraa argine mallattoo suuta jechuu hin agarsiisu. TikTok bara 2022tti
ji’atti fayyadamtoota sochii qaban biiliyoona 1.4 kan qabu yoo ta’u, dhuma bara 2023tti
biiliyoona 1.8 akka ga’u eegama.

With Elon Musk's proposed acquisition of Twitter we have seen some changes to
the platform, including blue, yellow, and gray checks, metrics on viewership, an
algorithmically curated “For You” feed, which mimics a popular feature on
TikTok, and a “Following” tab. However, in the last 6 months at least, despite
cosmetic changes, the platform has remained in principle 'a place to quickly
share news and discuss live events'. . ( Dave Chaffey , 2023)

Akka yaada Elon Musk qorannoo isaa Twitter irratti gaggeessuuf bu’uuruma yaada piropozaala
dhiheesseen, gaafa ilaallu,jijjiirama tokko tokko waltajjii kana irratti argineerra, kanneen keessaa
sakatta’iinsa halluu diimaa, keelloo fi halluu diimaa, safartuuwwan daawwattoota irratti, nyaata
“For You” kan algorithmically curated, kan TikTok irratti amala beekamaa fakkeessu, fi
“Following ” jedhu caancala/agarsiisa/.Haa ta'u malee, ji'oota 6n darban keessatti yoo xiqqaate
jijjiiramni gaariin jiraatus, waltajjiin kun qajeelfama irratti 'bakka oduu dafanii itti qooddataniifi
taateewwan kallattiin irratti mari'atan' ta'ee hafeera.
So, what does this mean for your social media marketing strategy?
Kanaafuu, kun tooftaa gabaa miidiyaa hawaasaa keessaniif maal jechuudha?

“Clearly, there are lots of opportunities to reach, interact with, convert, and
engage social media users. Savvy marketers use social media across their
marketing funnel, to influence journeys from product discovery, through to first
purchases, loyalty, and advocacy.” . ( Dave Chaffey,2023) .

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti, Fayyadamtoota miidiyaa hawaasaa bira ga’uuf, waliin
walqunnamuuf, jijjiiruuf, fi hirmaachisuuf carraan baay’een akka jiru ifaadha. Namoonni gabaa
beekan miidiyaa hawaasaa , imala argannoo oomishaa irraa eegalee, hanga bittaa jalqabaa,
amanamummaa fi abukaatummaatti dhiibbaa uumuuf gabaa isaanii hunda keessatti fayyadamu.
Galmi dorgommii keenya caasaa daataa irratti hundaa’ee fi gabaa-geessitootni tooftaa mataa
isaanii karoorfachuuf itti fayyadamuu danda’an qabaachuudha.
Global Facebook demographics/Dimoogiraafii Feesbuukii addunyaa/:
“As we can see, from the Facebook data, the biggest demographic on Facebook is males aged
25-34. For females also this age range represents the largest user pool.” (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Gabaasa olii kana irraa Akkuma arginu daataa Feesbuukii irraa, dimogiraafiin guddaan
Feesbuukii irratti dhiirota umuriin isaanii waggaa 25-34 ta’edha. Dubartootaaf akkasumas umriin
kun kuusaa fayyadamtootaa isa guddaa bakka bu'a.
 (
Dave Chaffey,2023). Kan fayyadamerraayi.

United States Social network popularity

/Jaallatamummaa marsariitii hawaasaa Yunaayitid Isteetitti/
“The Pew Research Center news usage research is a very strong recent source
showing US social media statistics trends in usage for news. Interestingly, nearly
half of those surveyed in 2021 used social media to get news often or sometimes.”
(Dave Chaffey,2023).

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti,Qorannoon itti fayyadama oduu Giddugala Qorannoo Pew
madda dhiheenya kanaa baayyee cimaa ta’ee fi istaatiksii miidiyaa hawaasaa Ameerikaa haala
itti fayyadama oduu agarsiisudha. Kan nama ajaa'ibu, namoota bara 2021 qorannoo kanarratti
hirmaatan keessaa gara walakkaan isaanii yeroo baay’ee ykn yeroo tokko tokko oduu argachuuf
miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamaniiru.
(Dave Chaffey,2023).

More interestingly, the stats breakdown below shows which social media
channels are used by which genders, ages, education level, race, and political
affiliations. For example, Facebook is a regular source of news to nearly double
the amount of women to men. Nearly two thirds of Snapchat's regular news
consumers are aged 18-29. (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Yaada armaan olii kana irraa ,Kan caalaatti nama ajaa’ibu ammoo,qoqqoodinsi istaatiksii armaan
gadii kun, marsaalee miidiyaa hawaasaa kam saala, umrii, sadarkaa barnootaa, sanyii, fi walitti
dhufeenya siyaasaa kamiin akka fayyadaman agarsiisa. Fakkeenyaaf, Feesbuukiin madda oduu
idilee ta'ee dubartoota dhiirota irraa dachaa lamatti dhihaatu. Fayyadamtoota oduu idilee
Snapchat keessaa gara harka sadii keessaa lama kan ta'an umuriin isaanii 18-29 ta'a.

(D
ave Chaffey,2023).

The 2021 Children and parents: media use and attitudes report published by Of
Com (UK) is interesting if your business is involved in marketing to children or
youth markets or you want to understand future adult use of social media.
Notably, 44% of 8-11 year olds use social media apps/sites, swiftly increasing to
87% of 12-15 year olds. (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Akka yaada armaan oliikanatti,Gabaasni bara 2021 Daa’immanii fi warra: itti fayyadama
miidiyaa fi ilaalcha Of Com (UK)n maxxanfame kan nama hawwatu yoo daldalli keessan gabaa
daa’immanii ykn dargaggootaaf gabaa irratti hirmaate ykn itti fayyadama ga’eessotaa gara fuula
duraatti miidiyaa hawaasaa hubachuu yoo barbaaddan.Kan hubatamuu qabu, daa’imman waggaa
8-11 keessaa %44 appii/saayitii miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamu, saffisaan gara %87tti ol
guddateera.
 Here's a snapshot of two of the four age groups featured. Kunoo suuraan garee umurii
afran mul'atan keessaa lama.

(D
ave Chaffey,2023).

Q3. Which are the fast-growing social networks?

 Marsariitiiwwan hawaasaa saffisaan guddachaa jiran kamfa’i?

Every marketer has limited time for social media marketing, so which fastest
growing social network should you focus your efforts on?The fastest growing
social media network in 2021 was TikTok, with 18.3% YOY growth, over 87.1%
growth in 2020, as measured by US Social Network User Growth. (Dave
Chaffey,2023).

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti,Ogeessi daldalaa kamiyyuu yeroo gabaa miidiyaa hawaasaa
daangeffame qaba, kanaaf marsariitii hawaasummaa saffisaan guddachaa jiru kam irratti
xiyyeeffachuu akka danda’u tilmaamteettaa ? Akka Guddina Fayyadamtoota Neetwork
Hawaasummaa Ameerikaatiin madaalametti, Neetworkiin miidiyaa hawaasaa bara 2021
saffisaan guddachaa ture TikTok yoo ta’u, guddina YOY %18.3, guddina %87.1 ol kan bara
2020tti tureen .
walbira qabamee yoo ilaalamu naannoo 68.8% akka olguddate agarsiisa.
A Summary Of Global Social Media Growth/ Cuunfaa Guddina Miidiyaa Hawaasaa
Addunyaa/
Lakkoofsi fayyadamtoota miidiyaa hawaasaa akka addunyaatti baatii Guraandhalaa bara 2022
biiliyoona 4.62 ture gara Guraandhala bara 2023tti biiliyoona 4.72tti guddateera.Kunis guddina
fayyadamtoota YOY waliin yoo ilaalamu,fayyadamtoota miiliyoona 137 ol qaba. Waggaa hafe
keessatti guddina dabalataa tilmaamame waliin3% caala jechuudha.Akkuma Giraafii Gubbaa
irratti ilaallu,hanga Eblaatti lakkoofsi fayyadamtoota waliigalaa ammallee ol ka'aa jira, garuu
yeroon giddu galeessaan interneetii irratti dabarsan xiqqoo hir'ateera.

Social media and internet users: opportunities for growth /Miidiyaa hawaasaafi
fayyadamtoota interneetii: carraawwan guddinaaf

“This chart shows the total number of Internet users as of April 2023. Whilst 64.6% of the
world's population are internet users, 5% of those are still not active social media users.” (Dave
Chaffey,2023).

Akka daataa olii kanatti,Chaartiin kun lakkoofsa waliigalaa fayyadamtoota interneetii hanga Ebla
2023tti jiru agarsiisa. Ummata addunyaa keessaa 64.6% fayyadamtoota interneetii yoo ta'an,
kanneen keessaa 5% ammallee fayyadamtoota miidiyaa hawaasaa sochiirra hin jirreeti.

(Dave Chaffey,2023).
 Social media platforms today are evolving and developing to meet an ever-wider
variety of consumer wants and needs. Surely the value that social media usage
can add to consumers' lives is more evident than ever before - social media
marketers can tap into that….(Dave Chaffey,2023).

Waltajjiiwwan miidiyaa hawaasaa har’aa fedhii fi wantoota fayyadamtootaa barbaachisan adda

addaa yeroo hunda bal’aa ta’e guutuuf guddachaa fi dagaagaa jira. Gatiin itti fayyadamni
miidiyaa hawaasaa jireenya fayyadamtootaa irratti dabaluu danda'u yeroo kamiyyuu caalaa ifa
ta'uun isaa hin oolu - gabaa miidiyaa hawaasaa sana fayyadamuu danda'u.
Xiinxalli itti fayyadama naannoo miidiyaa hawaasaa bara 2023 garaagarummaa bal’aa seensa
miidiyaa hawaasaa agarsiisa:

-Baha Eeshiyaatti 72% -Kaaba Amerikaatti 74%

-Amerikaa Kibbaatti 72% -Awurooppaa Kaabaafi Dhihaa keessatti 84%
-Kunis Kibba Eeshiyaatti 41%, -Afrikaa Dhihaatti 13%,
-Afrikaa Giddugaleessaatti ammoo 7%tti gadi bu’eera.

(Dave Chaffey,2023).

Akkuma Kaartaa Addunyaa raabsa itti fayyadama miidiyaa hawaasaa gubbaatti agarsiisu kana
arginu bifa fayyadamtoota miidiyaa hawaasaa idil-addunyaa keenyaa adda adda. faayidaa
 Giraafii opdeeffannoo kun qabu, Garaagarummaa fayyadamtoota miidiyaa hawaasaa addunyaa
agarsiisa.
 Fknf Baha Eeshiyaatti fayyadamtoota miidiyaa hawaasaa addunyaa keessaa 27.7% bakka bu'a.
 Awurooppaan Kaabaa 84% sadarkaa duraa irra jiraachuu ishee nutti agarsiisa. Kkf.

(Dav
e Chaffey,2023).

Q4. How do social users interact with brands when selecting products and services?
Fayyadamtoonni hawaasummaa yeroo maqaawwan oomishaa fi tajaajiloota daldalaa (brand)
filatan waliin akkamitti walqunnamu?
“One of the challenges of social media marketing is that by its nature, social media are
peer-to-peer, involving conversations between friends, families and colleagues. Given this,
brands must be sensitive to how they use social media.” (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Qormaata gabaa miidiyaa hawaasaa keessaa tokko uumama isaatiin miidiyaan hawaasaa hiriyaa
waliin kan walqabatu yoo ta’u, haasawa hiriyoota, maatii fi miiltoowwan hojii gidduutti
taasifamu kan of keessatti hammate ta’uu isaati.
The research from GlobalWebIndex in their social media trends 2021
report shows how/why visitors use different social media services. Instagram,
Pinterest, Linkedin, Reddit and Twitter users all report 'follow/find information
about products/brands' in their top 3 motivations.
Facebook engagement rates
Sadarkaa hirmaannaa Facebook:

“The 2021 median average engagement rate per post (by follower) on Facebook
is 0.064%, across all industries. Sports Teams see the highest engagement,
achieving an average of 0.27%, followed by Influencers with 0.23% and Higher
Education with 0.15%.”(Dave Chaffey,2023).

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti ,Guddinni hirmaannaa Face book bara 2021 maxxansa tokkoof
(hordoftootaan) Feesbuukii irratti 0.064%, industirii hunda keessatti. Gareen Ispoortii
hirmaannaa olaanaa kan agarsiisan yoo ta’u, Isaanis giddu galeessaan 0.27% kan galmeessan yoo
ta’u, Dhiibbaa uumtonni 0.23% fi Isaan akka Barnoota Olaanoo immoo 0.15%n walduraa
duubaan guddina mullatu kana galmeessisaniiru.
Itti fayyadamtoonni Sadarkaa dhuma warri hirmaannaa gadii irratti argaman kanneen akka
Fayyaa ,Miidhaginaafi teknoloojiifi Software giddu galeessaan 0.02% hirmaannaa agarsiisaniiru.
 (
Dave Chaffey,2023).

Instagram Engagement Rates/Sadarkaa Hirmaannaa Instagraam/:

“Engagement rates are significantly higher on Instagram compared to Facebook.

As you can see the 2021 average median engagement rate per post (by follower)
is more than 10x higher, despite engagement on Instagram dropping approx 30%
between 2020-21.” (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Reetiin hirmaannaa inistaagiraamii irratti Feesbuukii wajjin wal bira qabamee yoo ilaalamu
baayyee ol'aanaadha. Akkuma argitan bara 2021 giddu galeessaan giddinni hirmaannaa
maxxansa tokkoof (hordoftootaan) dachaa 10 ol ta'a, hirmaannaan Instagram irratti bara 2020-21
gidduutti tilmaamaan 30% gadi bu'us.
(Dave Chaffey,2023).
Q6. How do consumers interact with different post formats in social media?
 Fayyadamtoonni miidiyaa hawaasaa irratti maxxansaa bifa adda addaa waliin akkamitti
walqunnamuu?
Marketers know intuitively that the right type of visuals and videos are more
effective in gaining engagement.This is supported by observed interaction rates.
According to LinkedIn, Images typically result in a 2x higher comment rate and
Video gets 5x more engagement on LinkedIn, Live Video gets 24x more . (Dave
Chaffey,2023).

Gosti daldalaa Sagaleefi viidiyoo sirrii ta’een hirmaannaa argachuuf caalaatti bu’a qabeessa
akka ta’e sirriitti beeku. Kunis saffisa walqunnamtii ilaalameen kan deeggaramuudha. Akka
App.LinkedIn tti, Suuraa akkaataa idileetti si’a lamaa ol kan fidu/ariiffannaa/kan qabu yoo
ta'u ,Videon App. LinkedIn irratti dacha shaniin caalaa hirmaannaa argatu, Live Video Dachaa
24n caalaa argata jechuudha.
Kunis daataa kanaan kan deeggaramuudha gabaasa adeemsa miidiyaa hawaasaa Kuusaa
Gombisaa Miidiyaa Hawaasaa kana irraa:
This is also supported by this data from this Social Bakers social media trends report:

(Dave Chaffey,2023).
“Videos longer than a minute achieved the highest median interactions and median reach on
Facebook, according to Socialbakers data.” (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Viidiyoonni daqiiqaa tokkoo ol dheeratan walqunnamtii gidduugaleessaa fi dhaqqabummaa

gidduugaleessaa olaanaa Feesbuukii irratti galmaan gahuu ragaan Kuusaa Gombisaa Midiyaa
Hawaasaa ni mul'isa.
“In fact, for both reach and interactions, there was a correlation that showed the longer a video
was, the further it reached and the more interactions it received.” (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Dhugaa dubbachuuf, dhaqqabummaa fi walqunnamtii lamaan isaaniif, walitti dhufeenyi

viidiyoon tokko hamma dheeraa ta’e, dhaqabummaa inni qabuu fi walqunnamtii baay’ee akka
qabu agarsiisa ture.

(Dave Chaffey,2023).

“As you can see, different platforms offer different opportunities for capturing different
audiences. The trick is finding the right techniques to that to your channel goals.” (Dave
Chaffey,2023).

Akkuma argitan waltajjiiwwan adda addaa Jamaawwan adda addaa horachuuf carraa adda addaa
ni qabu. Tooftaan isaas gara galma chaanaalii keessaniitti tooftaalee sirrii ta'an argachuudha.

If you're looking for one simple reference guide which contains all the social
media channel updates in an easy-to-track format, look no further than our digital
 media updates tracker, which is updated quarterly, to make sure our Business
Members never miss a trick. (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Yoo qajeelfama wabii salphaa tokko kan haaromsa chaanaalii miidiyaa hawaasaa hunda bifa
salphaatti hordofamuu danda'uun of keessaa qabu barbaaddan, hordoftoota haaromsa miidiyaa
dijitaalaa keenyaa caalu hin argatan. kan kurmaana kurmaanaan haaromfamu, Miseensonni
Daldalaa keenyaa gonkumaa mala tokko akka hin darbine mirkaneessuufi barbaanna.
Q7. What are the most popular times for consumers to use social media suggesting the best times
to post?
 Yeroon fayyadamtoonni miidiyaa hawaasaa fayyadamuun,yeroowwan maxxansaa gaarii dha
jedhanii yaada kennan kan baay’ee jaallataman yeroowwan akkamiiti?

“Testing different frequencies of updates and timing is another aspect of social media
optimization based on consumer behaviour.” (Dave Chaffey,2023).

Irra deddeebiin fooyya’iinsaa fi yeroo adda addaa qorachuun gama biraatiin amala
fayyadamtootaa irratti hundaa’uun miidiyaa hawaasaa fooyyessuudha.

Each network tends to have a ‘sweet spot’ for frequency based on its algorithms.
It used to be beneficial to post several times a day on Facebook for many brands,
but with decreased organic reach, a single update tends to be more effective. We
find a higher frequency on LinkedIn or Twitter tends to be more effective. (Dave
Chaffey,2023).

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti,Tokkoon tokkoon networkii algorithms isaa irratti hundaa’uun
frequency’f ‘sweet spot’ qabaachuu barbaada. Duraan maqaawwan hedduudhaaf guyyaatti yeroo
hedduu Feesbuukii irratti maxxansuun faayidaa qaba ture, garuu qaqqabummaa orgaanikii
hir'achuu isaatiin, fooyya'iinsi tokko caalaatti bu'a qabeessa ta'uu danda'a LinkedIn ykn Twitter
irratti frequency ol’aanaa ta’e bu’a qabeessa ta’uu akka barbaadu argina.

“Sprout Social's 2022 social media strategy builder compares the best times to post on social
media. Compare these to your patterns of posting and consider how you could post differently”.
(Dave Chaffey,2023).

Yaada armaan olii kana irraa kan hubatamu,Ijaarsi tarsiimoo miidiyaa hawaasaa bara 2022
Sprout Social yeroowwan miidiyaa hawaasaa irratti maxxansuuf gaarii ta'an wal bira qaba.
 Kanneen akkaataa maxxansuu keetii wajjin wal bira qabdee akkamitti akka adda ta’een
maxxansuu dandeessu ilaali.

Haaluma kanaan Addunyaa dijitaalaa waan cufa jijjiiraa jiru keessatti

• Sooftiweerota qaalii hin taaneefi waltajjii (platform) of harkaa qabna
• Digitalizing and Virtualizing Folklore:
– Facebook, tik tok, podcast, YouTube, instagram…: kuusuufis tamsaasuufis ni oolu
Kun hojii ulfaataa ture,Ogummichas/aadaa ummataas addunyaa dijitaalaatti ceesisuu: from fire
place to cyberspace

Dhiibbaa Miidiyaan Hawaasummaa Dargaggoota Irratti Qabu

Kanaafuu, qorataan kun walqunnamtii dubbii, maltimidiyaa, ICT fi giloobaalayizeeshinii
akkasumas dhiibbaa miidiyaaleen hawaasaa ogbarruu afaaniin dubbataman irratti qabu,
keessumaa Afrikaa keessatti ija Koloneeffannaa Boodaatiin ibsuuf yaada.
Dhugaa dubbachuuf, Weebsaayitiin Addunyaa (Worldwide Web) jalqaba bara 1990 humnoota
waraanaa Ameerikaatiif kan uumame yoo ta’u, meeshaa bu’a qabeessa bulchiinsa waraana
Ameerikaa qofa osoo hin taane, boodarra meeshaa mijataa namoota nagaa qunnamtii,
bashannanaa fi barumsaaf bahu ta’eera.
Waltajjiiwwan interneetii irratti fayyadaman baay’ee jaallataman fi beekamtii qaban keessaa
tokko marsariitiiwwan hawaasaa kanneen akka Feesbuukii dha. Jaalatamaan saffisaan dabaluu
isaa walakkaa kurnan darbanii lammaffaa keessa kan jalqabe gartokkoon barattoota mana
barumsaa fi yunivarsiitii bal’inaan itti fayyadamuu isaanii irraa kan ka’edha. Akka Ellison,
Steinfield & Lampe (2011) jedhanitti .
Qorannoon kun dhiibbaa miidiyaan hawaasaa dargaggoota irratti qabu dhiyeessuuf kan
akeekedha. Waggoota 20 darban keessatti addunyaan caalaatti addunyaa mara akka ta’uuf jecha
guddinni ariifataa argameera. Barnoota irraa kaasee hanga eegumsa fayyaa, ispoortii irraa kaasee
hanga faashinii fi bittaa toora interneetii irraa kaasee hanga walqunnamtii fooyya’aa, damee
hundaan jechuun ni danda’ama fayyadamaa ta’eera. Dargaggootaaf miidiyaa hawaasaa kun
karaawwan carraa badhaadhinaatti geessu kan lakkoofsa hin qabne isaaniif baneera. Qorannoon
kun bu’a qabeessummaa meeshaa kanaa damee hedduu irratti xiinxaluun bu’aa warra argatan
gadi fageenya guutuudhaan kan dhiyeessudha.

Miidiyaan hawaasaa karaa qunnamtii dijitaalaa jedhamee hiikamuu danda’a. Walqunnamtii adda
addaa irratti of keessatti qabata madaallii. Isaanis karaa ergaa barreeffamaa, suuraa, viidiyoo ykn
bilbila sagalee fi viidiyoo ta’uu danda’u. Jaarraa 21ffaan akkuma jalqabu gareen barattootaa
yunivarsiitii Harvard irraa dhufan tokko marsariitii waliin haasa'u dizaayinii godhan maqaa
Feesbuukii barattoota dhaabbatichaa biratti fayyadamuuf yaadame. Garuu yeroo muraasa booda
kan jaallatameedha kanarraa ka'uun namoota umrii hundumaa keessa jiran biratti babal'ate.
Ergasii as waltajjiiwwan tajaajila walfakkaataa adda addaa tokko tokko qaban kan kennan fi
fayyadamtootaaf kennan baay’eedha karaa itti globalized ta’uu danda’u. (M. Junaid Ahmed,
Umar Farooq, Hafiz Abdul Rehman, Waqar Naeem,2021)
Kaayyoon ogbarruu karaa sirboota, walaloo, seeneffamaafi diraamaa
bashannansiisuu,beeksisuufi barsiisuudha.
Jijjiiramni gama miidiyaa ,Akkaataa adeemsaafi dabarsuu odeeffannoo jijjiireera. Keessattuu,
teeknooloojiin odeeffannoo guddina indaastirii miidiyaa irratti dhiibbaa guddaa qaba. Akka
Dirreen qo’annoo akkaadaamii miidiyaa fi Tiyoorii miidiyaa jedhutti , Miidiyaaleen adda addaa
daataa dabarsuudhaaf akkataa isaan Ogafaanitti fayyadaman haala gaariin hubachuu fi
qorachuuf kan of kennanidha.Sababni isaas, Dhiibbaa naannolee kanneen irraa kan ka’e,
karaaleen tamsa’ina ogbarruu kana booda akka waan ogumabarreeffamaa ykn bifa ogbarruutti
sadarkaa lammaffaa osoo hin taane matuma isaaniitiin ogafaan akka barbaachisootti ilaalamu.
Qabiyyee fi bifa ogbarruus karaalee isaan ittiin walqunnamsiifamanii fi bifa addaa miidiyaa
yeroo fi bakka itti uumamanitti babal’ateen dhiibbaa guddaa qabaachuu danda’a, yeroo baay’ees
akka inni dhiibbaa uumuu argina .(saed Jamil,2023).
Ogbarruun barnoota, bashannana, hawaasummaa fi siyaasa irratti dhiibbaa waan qabuuf
barbaachisaa dha. Namoonni ogbarruu keessatti gosa barruulee fi mala kenniinsa odeeffannoo
isaa irratti hundaa’uun yaada garagaraa qabu.Nutis kanumarratti hundaa’uun kallattiin gara
Abbaltii nuuf kennameetti yoo darbinu;
Hariiroo marsariitii hawaasaafi ogafaanii ilaalchisee yaada garagaraatu jira. Marsariitiin
hawaasaa (social median) diina moo fira afoola Oromooti? Yaada keessan ragaafi
fakkeenya quubsan addeessa! Gama Kanaan qorannoon maal akeeka? Fklooriin hawaasaa
hoo? Wanti seeneffamu, himamu, mammaakamu, sirbamu, faarfamu, baacamu,
tabaallamu jiraa? Addunyaan itti jirruuf itti deemaa jirru addunyaa dijiitaalaafi
saayibariiti. Kun hoo caarraawwan yookin danqaalee akkamiiti qaba jettaniito yaadduu?
Impacts of social media on literature:
Qorannoon Bara 2018 nama maqaan isaa Ahamed Rameez Mohamed Nizzad jedhamuun
mataduree ‘Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance of Undergraduate: A
Literature Review’ jedhu irratti ‘British College of Applied Studies, Kalmunai, Sri Lanka’
keessatti gaggeeffame,yaada armaan gadii kana kaa’a.
Kaayyoon Qorannoo kanaas
“The main purpose of this research is to explore the literature available in respective of the
impact of Facebook usage on students’ academic performance.”(Ahmed,2018).
Miidiyaan hawaasaa fi teeknooloojiiwwan kanaan walqabatan bara teeknooloojii kana keessatti
miira namaa kan kakaasan yoo ta’u addatti ammoo yeroo kamiyyuu caalaa dhaloota dargaggoota
hawwachuun barattoonni digirii jalqabaa adeemsa kanaan ala miti jedhee ka’e .
Qorannoon kun ga’umsa barnootaa barattoota digirii jalqabaa ilaalchisee bu’aa Feesbuukii
addatti fi walumaa galatti Miidiyaa Hawaasaa irratti barreeffamoota jiran gamaaggamuuf kan
kaayyeffate ture. Ergasii as waltajjiiwwan tajaajila adda addaa kennan kan walfakkeenya qabanii
fi Tokkoon tokkoon fayyadamtootaa kanneenii karaa itti globalized ta’uu danda’an baay’eedha..
Bu’aa badaa fi gaarii inni qabu irratti xumura loogii hin qabne irra ga’uuf waraqaawwan
qorannoo fi barreeffamoota hamma danda’an walitti qabuuf yaaliin godhameera.
Haa ta’u malee, argannoowwan barreeffamoota keessatti argaman irratti hundaa’uun, itti
fayyadamni isaa garmalee ga’umsa barnootaa barattootaa akka waliigalaatti dhiibbaa hamaa akka
qabu yaada dhiheesse.
Kan caalu ammoo uumama isaatiin marsariitiiwwan miidiyaa hawaasaa akka meeshaa
bashannanaa fi namoota beekamoo fi hin beekamne waliin walqunnamtii uumuutti ilaalama
turan.
Argannoon qorannoo kanaa dhaabbati barnoota olaanoo barattoota digirii jalqabaa
keessummeessuu kamiyyuu sagantaa hubannoo uumuu ykn moojuulii dirqamaa Koorsii
hordofanuu kan hin taane miidiyaa hawaasaa irratti hammachuun faayidaa fi miidhaa isaa fi
kalaqni teeknooloojii kun addatti kaayyoo barnootaa fooyyessuuf akkamitti akka itti fayyadamuu
danda’u barsiisuu akka qabu gorsa./yaboo dhaammata./
Akkasumas, qorannoowwan mata duree armaan olii irratti gaggeeffaman haala naannoo keessatti
sadarkaa jalqabaa irra akka jiran fi argannoowwan yoo caalaatti qorataman haala naannootiin
garaagarummaa qabaachuu akka danda’an ibsa ture.
Thanks to ever-greater digital connectivity, interest in oral traditions has grown
beyond that of researcher and research subject to include a widening pool of
global users. When new publics consume, manipulate and connect with field
recordings and digital cultural archives, their involvement raises important
practical and ethical questions.

Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti,Galata walitti hidhamiinsa dijitaalaa yeroo hunda guddachaa
dhufeen fedhiin duudhaa afaaniin dubbatamu kan qorataa fi mata duree qorannoo bira darbee
fayyadamtoota addunyaa bal’achaa dhufe hammateera. Ummatoonni haaraan waraabbii dirree fi
kuusaa aadaa dijitaalaa yeroo fayyadaman, too’ataniifi walitti hidhan, hirmaannaan isaanii
gaaffiiwwan qabatamaa fi naamusaa barbaachisoo ta’an kaasa.

This volume explores the political repercussions of studying marginalised

languages; the role of online tools in ensuring responsible access to sensitive
cultural materials; and ways of ensuring that when digital documents are created,
they are not fossilized as a consequence of being archived.

Jildii kun bu’aa siyaasaa afaanota marginalized qorachuun fidu qorata;meeshaalee aadaa miira
namaa kakaasan itti gaafatamummaadhaan akka argatan gochuu keessatti gahee meeshaaleen
onlaayinii qaban; fi karaalee sanadoonni dijitaalaa yeroo uumaman, . isaanis akka bu’aa kuusaa
ta’uu isaaniitirraa kan ka’e Akka amala meeshaalee hambaatti akka hin fudhatamne
akeekkachiisa .
“Fieldwork reports by linguists and anthropologists in three continents provide concrete
examples of overcoming barriers ethical, practical and conceptual in digital documentation
projects.”
Gabaasni hojii dirree ogeeyyii afaanii fi antiroopooloojii ardiilee sadii keessatti argaman
fakkeenyota qabatamaa gufuulee irra aanuu ni kennu-naamusa,qabatamaa fi yaad-rimee
pirojektoota sanada dijitaalaa keessatti.

Oral Literature in the Digital Age is an essential guide and handbook for
ethnographers, field linguists, community activists, curators, archivists,
 librarians, and all who connect with indigenous communities in order to
document and preserve oral traditions.

Ogbarruun Afaaniin Bara Dijitaalaa Keessatti ogeeyyii sab-qunnamtii, Dirree ogeeyyii afaanii,
aktiivistoota hawaasaa, kiyureetaroota, kuusaa, ogeeyyii mana kitaabaa, fi namoota duudhaa
afaaniin dubbataman galmeessuu fi kunuunsuuf hawaasa dhalootaan jiraatan waliin
walqunnaman hundaaf qajeelfamaa fi kitaaba qajeelfamaa barbaachisaa dha.

Qorannoon Mata duree “The Impact of Social Media on Learning Behavior for Sustainable
Education: Evidence of Students from Selected Universities in Pakista.” jedhuun Universitii
Pakistaan keessatti namoota maqaan isaani Jaffar Abbasifi miiltoowwan isaan bara 2019
gaggeeffame ,Ragaa barattoota Univarsitiiwwan Paakistaan keessaa filataman irraa funaaname
irratti hundaa’uun;kan qaacceffameedha.Qorattoonni kunniinis,yaada armaan gadii kana lafa
keewwachuun qorannoo isaaniitti seenan.
In today’s world, social media is playing an indispensable role on the learning
behavior of university students to achieve sustainable education. The impact of
social media on sustainable education is becoming an essential and impelling
factor.(Jaffar Abbasfi kanneen biroo,2019)
Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti, Addunyaa har’aa keessatti miidiyaaleen hawaasaa barnoota itti
fufiinsa qabu galmaan ga’uuf amala barumsaa barattoota yunivarsiitii irratti gahee hammana hin
jedhamne taphachaa jira. Dhiibbaan miidiyaan hawaasaa barnoota itti fufiinsa qabu irratti qabu
waan barbaachisaa fi kan nama kakaasu ta’aa jira.
Toorri xiyyeeffannoo qorannoo kanaas,
This original study is amongst the few to perform a focalized investigation on
revealing the relationship between positive and negative characteristics of social
media and the learning attitude of university students for sustainable education.
(Jaffar Abbasfi kanneen biroo,2019)

Qorannoon jalqabaa kun hariiroo amala gaarii fi gadhee miidiyaa hawaasaa gidduu jiru mul’isuu
irratti qorannoo xiyyeeffannoo qabu kan raawwatan muraasa keessaa isa tokkodha.fi ilaalcha
barumsaa barattoonni yunivarsiitii barnoota itti fufiinsa qabuuf qaban.

Kaayyoon qorannoo kanaas,

this study aims to examine the constructive and adverse factors that impact on
students’ minds and how these helped students to share positive and negative
aspects with others. It is increasingly noticeable that social networking sites and
their applications present enormous benefits for as well as risks to university
 students and their implications on students’ psychological adjustment or learning
behaviors are not well understood. (Jaffar Abbasfi kanneen biroo,2019)
Qorannoon kun wantoota ijaarsaa fi gadhee barattoota irratti dhiibbaa geessisan
qorachuuf kan akeekedha, sammuu fi akkaataa isaan kun barattoonni gama gaarii fi
gadhee namoota biroof akka qoodan gargaaran. Marsariitiiwwan marsariitii hawaasaa fi
aplikeeshiniiwwan isaanii barattoota yunivarsiitiif akkasumas balaa guddaa fi dhiibbaa
isaan barattoota irratti qaban dhiyeessuun isaanii daran hubatamaa jira. sirreeffamni
xiinsammuu barattootaa ykn amala barumsaa akka gaariitti hin hubatamne.

Argannoon qorannoo kanaa,

This study specifically identified 18 adversarial and constructive factors of social
media from the previous literature. The findings revealed that the usage of social
media in Pakistan has a negative influence on a student’s behavior as compared
to positive aspects. Results may not be generalized to the entire student
community as findings are specific to the specific respondents only.(Jaffar
Abbasfi kanneen biroo,2019).

Qorannoon kun addatti barreeffamoota kanaan duraa irraa wantoota mormii fi ijaarsa
miidiyaa hawaasaa 18 adda baaseera. Argannoon deebii kennitoota addaa qofaaf adda
waan ta’eef bu’aan hawaasa barattootaa hundaaf waliigalaa ta’uu dhiisuu danda’a.Fi
fuuladuratti haala yeroo faanaa adeemsisuun irra caalaatti ibsuuf qorannoo dabalataa akka
barbaadu akeekaniiru.

Qorannoon Bara 2022tti, Mata duree “Effect of social media usage on the cultural
identity of rural people: a case study of Bamha village, Egypt” jedhuun biyya
Misraatti,nama maqaan isaa Mostafa Radwan jedhamuun gaggeffame akkas jedha.

Cultural identity refers to the identical compound of reminiscences, impressions,

ideologies, images, idioms, inventions, and ambitions that maintains a human
set’s civilizational identity within the framework of what it knows of developments
due to its internal dynamism and its ability to communicate or give and take.
Social Media’s deep effect on cultural identity is a matter of constant concern.
(Mostafa ,2022)
Akka yaada armaan olii kanatti, Eenyummaan aadaa yaadannoo walfakkaataa
walta’iinsa , yaada, ilaalcha, fakkii, jechoota, kalaqa, fi hawwii eenyummaa qaroomina
tuuta namaa eegu agarsiisa. haala dinagdee keessoo isaa fi dandeettii wal qunnamsiisuu
guddisuu keessatti ykn kennuu fi fudhachuu irraa kan ka’e guddina irratti waan beeku
ida’a.

Kaayyoon Qorannoo kanaas,

 Kaayyoon qorannoo kanaa inni guddaan dhiibbaa miidiyaan hawaasaa qaamolee

eenyummaa aadaa namoota baadiyyaa tokko tokko irratti qabu hubachuu ture .
Dhiibbaa itti fayyadamni miidiyaa hawaasaa deebii kennitoonni eenyummaa aadaa isaanii irratti
qaban qaamolee armaan gadii waliin adda baasuu:-
 Afaanii fi mala marii,
 hirmaannaa hawaasaa,
 kan ofii ta’uu,
 yeroo kabajuu,
 bilisummaa, fi walitti hidhamiinsa maatii.
Akka bu’aan qorannoo kanaa agarsiisutti, namoota deebii kennan keessaa harka shan keessaa
lama (40%) sadarkaan jijjiirama eenyummaa aadaa itti fayyadama miidiyaa hawaasaa isaanii
waliin walqabatee olaanaa ta’uu isaa; jijjiiramoota of danda’an tokko tokkoo deebii kennitootaa
fi sadarkaa jijjiirama eenyummaa aadaa isaanii gidduu hariiroon guddaan jira. (Mostafa ,2022)

Argannoon /bu’aan/ qorannoo kanaa,

These results have important implications for policy, practice, and subsequent
research, the most important of which are: working on developing thinking skills
and self-learning among students in schools and universities, as well as the need
to activate the role of the media in providing meaningful content that preserves
societal values, in addition to employing social media to support community
participation of young people on the ground by organizing awareness, volunteer
and charitable activities, and finally the need to increase cooperation and
coordination between all parties, whether they are media, schools, religious or
civil institutions, youth centers, or other institutions to maximize the positive use
of social media and to reduce its negative effects. (Mostafa ,2022)

Akka yaada armaan oliikanatti bu’aan qorannoo kanaan argame, Bu’aawwan kun
imaammata, hojii fi qorannoo booda irratti dhiibbaa guddaa kan qaban yoo ta’u, isaan
keessaa kanneen barbaachisoo ta’an: manneen barnootaa fi yunivarsiitiiwwan keessatti
barattoota biratti dandeettii yaaduu fi of barachuu guddisuu irratti hojjechuu, akkasumas
qabiyyee hiika qabu kan gatii hawaasaa eegu dhiyeessuu keessatti gahee miidiyaan qabu
hojiirra oolchuun barbaachisaa ta’uu isaa, , akkasumas qabiyyee hiika qabu kan gatii
hawaasaa eegu dhiyeessuu keessatti gahee miidiyaan qabu hojiirra oolchuun barbaachisaa
ta’uu isaa, miidiyaa hawaasaa hojii irra oolchuuf,hirmaannaa hawaasaa dargaggoota
lafarra jiran deeggaruuf hubannoo uumuun alatti, hojii tola ooltummaa fi tola
ooltummaa, fi dhumarratti miidiyaa hawaasaa, manneen barnootaa, dhaabbilee amantii
yookiin siiviilii, wiirtuuwwan dargaggootaa, yookiin dhaabbilee biroo gidduutti tumsaa fi
qindoomina dabaluudhaan miidiyaa hawaasaa akka gaariitti fayyadamuu fi bu’aa badaa
inni fidu hir’isuuf barbaachisaa ta’uu isaa.

Walumaagalatti ,bu’aa hojii qorannoo beektota armaan olii irraa wanti hubatamuu qabu Marsa
riitiin hawaasaa taaftaafi haala itti fayyadamiinsa keenyaatu murteessa irraa kan hafe ,qixaan
dhimma itti baanaan Afoola oromoofillee diinummaa dhiisee firummaa isaa haala goobansiisuun
danda’amuun sadarkaa marsariitii adda addaatti waltajjii giddu gala tokko uumuun yeroo
Dijitaalawaa kanattis tajaajila akka kennu gochuun ni danda’ama.Yoo kana hin
taane ,Teeknoloojii abaaraa ooluun qofti Afoola oromoo hin ceesisu.ykn akka Foosiliitti citee
boodatti hafuurraa kan hafe bu’aa hin qabaatu.kanaaf beektonni dhimmi fookloorii Oromoo na
ilaallata jedhu martuu gahee ogummaa isarraa eegamu bahachuun Fooklooriin Oromoo
Addunyaa Marsariitii hawaasaa keessatti gahee isarraa eegamu akka bahatu gochuu qaba.
Wabiilee
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