Activity 1: Significant contribution/s in the development of electromagnetic wave theory

Hans Christian Ørsted

- A Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric current in a wire can deflect a
magnetized compass needle, a phenomenon the importance of which was rapidly recognized and
which inspired the development of electromagnetic theory.

Theory: discovered that electric current in a wire can deflect a magnetized compass needle.

James Clerk Maxwell

-Maxwell used his equations to predict the existence of waves of oscillating electric and
magnetic fields that travel through empty space. ... In it, he deduced that light is an
electromagnetic wave thereby proposing that electric field, magnetic field and light could all be
explained with a single theory.

Theory: discovered that electrical fields and magnetic fields can couple together to form
electromagnetic waves.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

-Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of
the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.
The unit of frequency, cycle per second, was named the "hertz" in his honor.

Theory: discovered that light and heat are electromagnetic radiations.He also discovered radio
waves and photoelectric effect.

Michael Faraday

- Michael Faraday FRS was an English scientist who contributed to the study of
electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include the principles underlying
electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis.

Theory: discovered that a magnetic field influenced polarized light – a phenomenon known as
the magneto-optical effect or Faraday effect.

Questions:
1. Among the scientists who contributed in the development of electromagnetic wave
theory, who do you like most? Why?

For me , one that i like the most was James Clerk Maxwell, because through his made have a
fundamental great contributions to the development of thermodynamics. He was also a founder
of the kinetic theory of gases. This theory provided the new subject of statistical physics, linking
thermodynamics and mechanics, and is still widely used as a model for rarefied gases and
plasmas. I also like the others theory because through them our Everyday life is pervaded by
artificially made electromagnetic radiation: food is heated in microwave ovens, airplanes are
guided by radar waves, television sets receive electromagnetic waves transmitted by
broadcasting stations, and infrared waves from heaters provide warmth. It is because in modern
technology we do easily what whatever the needs and wants of one of us. With this i have
greatly respect to those scientists invented electromagnetic theory specifically James Clerk
Maxwell made.They have influence and follow the theory Maxwell through develop it greatly
for the a good results that needed in the future.

Activity 2:
1. What are electromagnetic waves and why are they called as such?

The motion of electrically charged particles generates electromagnetic waves. Because these
waves radiate from electrically charged particles, they are also known as "electromagnetic
radiation." They travel through both empty space and air, as well as other substances.

2. How are EM waves produced?

Electromagnetic waves are the result of the interaction of electric and magnetic field waves
produced by moving charges.
All electromagnetic waves are created from charged particles. An electric field is formed by this
charged particle (which can exert a force on other nearby charged particles). When a charged
particle accelerates as part of an oscillatory motion, it causes ripples or oscillations in its electric
field as well as a magnetic field (as predicted by Maxwell's equations).

Once a charged particle is in motion, the electric and magnetic fields it generates are self-
perpetuating—time-dependent changes in one field (electric or magnetic) produce the other. In
an electromagnetic wave, both the electric and magnetic fields will fluctuate over time, with one
causing the other to change.

Electromagnetic waves (photons) are produced whenever a charged particle's velocity changes.
Energy is conserved by the electromagnetic wave (radiation) produced when a charge particle
changes velocity. This energy is known as light.

3.How are EM waves propagated and transmitted?

The spark current oscillates at a frequency (ν), which is a characteristic of the circuit. The
changing magnetic field, in turn, induces an electric field so that a series of electrical and
magnetic oscillations combine to produce a formation that propagates as an electromagnetic
wave.
4. How do electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves?

Mechanical waves require a material medium to propagate. These waves will not be able to
travel through a vacuum. The mechanical wave travels at a slow speed, which is determined by
the source and medium through which it passes. Mechanical waves can be either longitudinal or
transverse. Mechanical waves are created by the vibrations of the medium's particles.
Electromagnetic waves, on the other hand, do not require any material medium for propagation.
They pass through a vacuum. In a vacuum, they travel at the speed of light (3108 m/s).
Transverse waves are electromagnetic waves. The oscillating electrical and magnetic fields
produce electromagnetic waves.

REFLECTION:

I understand that electromagnetic waves, also known as EM waves, are produced by vibrations
between an electric field and a magnetic field. In other words, electromagnetic waves are made
up of oscillating magnetic and electric fields. Certain physical properties of objects, such as
temperature, composition, and velocity, can be determined using these waves. There is a lot more
to the electromagnetic spectrum than just visible light. It contains energy wavelengths that
human eyes cannot perceive.

I don’t understand Why is light called an electromagnetic wave and why it is called by this
name? And why we cannot see the waves colors .

I need more information about electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves of what was the
connection both of them. Because i want to learn more about these two waves theory . More
differences and each of the theory also the classification of these waves. I want more information
About the formula how to get or solve the theory of Electromagnetic waves or any kinds of
waves.