Senior High School

General Mathematics
First Quarter – Week 2
Rational Functions

Represents real-life situations using rational functions.

(M11GM-Ib-1)
Distinguishes rational function, rational equation, and rational
inequality.
(M11GM-Ib-2)

Writer
Nanette C. Mancera

Illustrator
Sergeant B. Papango

Validators
Maricel E. Añonuevo
Dr. Rommel Mar C. de Guzman
Maria Cecilia R. Bautista

Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM)

HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)
Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read carefully the instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every part of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
Writing develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)

1. Expectations- This will provide what you will be able to know after
completing the lessons in the SLeM.

2. Pre-test – This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

3. Looking Back – This section will measure the skills that you learned
understand from the previous lesson.

4. Brief Introduction – This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

5. Activities – These are activities designed to develop your critical thinking

and other competencies that you need to master. This can be done solely
or with your partner depending on the nature of the activity.

6. Remember – This section summarizes the concepts and applications of

the lessons.

7. Checking your Understanding – This will verify how you learned from the
lesson.

8. Post-test– This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
SLeM.

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 EXPECTATIONS:
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to:
• Represent real-life situation as Rational Functions.
• Define Rational Functions, Rational Equations, Rational Expressions and
Rational Inequality
• Distinguish Rational Functions, Rational Equations, Rational Expressions and
Rational Inequality

PRE-TEST:

Directions: Read the following questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best
answer.

1. Which is a Rational Equation?

𝑥
A. 2 + 1 = 0 C. √𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥 2 −1 2𝑥
B. =∞ D. =1
𝑥+1 3

2. Which is a Rational Function?

A. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1 C. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 + 1
2𝑥+𝑥 2 2𝑥
B. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = D. 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥−1 3

3. Which is NOT a Rational Inequality?

3𝑥 𝑥+3
A. >2 C. 5−2𝑥 ≤ 4
4
𝑥 2 −16 1
B. <0 D. 𝑥−5 < −2
(𝑥−1)2

4. What type of problem DOES NOT represent rational function in real-life?

A. Age problem C. Work Problem
B. Distance Problem D. Number Problem

5. Rinadel can encode a manuscript in 3 hours while July can encode the
same manuscript in 5 hours. Represent the problem as rational equation.
𝑥 𝑥 1 1
A. +5 = 1 C. 3 + 5 = 𝑥
3
1 1
B. + =1 D. 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 1
3𝑥 5𝑥

3
LESSON 1: REPRESENTING REAL-LIFE SITUATION TO RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

Looking Back
Solve for the given problem:

A manufacturer of open tin boxes wishes to make use of pieces of tin with
dimensions 8 inches by 15 inches by cutting equal squares from the four corners and
turning up the sides.
a. Let 𝑥 inches be the length of the side of the square to be cut out; express
the number of cubic inches in the volume of the box as a function 𝑥.
b. What is the domain of the resulting function?

Brief Introduction

Problems related to finding the speed, showing indirect relation of two

situations, determining the cost of living, model electrical circuit, distance problems
and the like are examples of rational functions in real-life.

Problem can be represented as Rational Functions (e.g. Mario can paint the
garage in 10 hours and Louie can do the same job in 15 hours) following the formula
a fraction of one’s work plus a fraction of another’s work equals the fraction of work
1 1 1
they do together denoted as 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑥.

So in the given example,

Mario can paint the garage in 10 hours and Louie can do the same job in 15 hours,
1 1 1
can be represented as + 15 = 𝑥.
10

Activities

I. Direction: Represent the following problem as rational equation.

1. A job cab be completed by Eric in 1 hour while Stephanie can do the same job in
45 mins.
𝑥 𝑥
A. 60 + 45 = 1 C. 60𝑥 + 45𝑥 = 1
1 1 1 1
B. 60𝑥 + 45𝑥 = 1 D. 60 + 45 = 𝑥

2. Barry can paint a room in 12 hours, Carrie can paint it in 10 hours and Harry
takes only 9 hours.
1 1 1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
A. 12 + 10 + 9 = 𝑥 C. 12 + 10 + 9 = 1
12 10 9 12𝑥 10𝑥 9𝑥
B. + +𝑥 =1 D. + + =𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 1 1 1

4
3. Peter can crack the can in 30 minutes. Renato can crack the can in 40 minutes.
1 1 1 1 1
A. 30 + 40 = 𝑥 C. 30 + 40 = 𝑥
1 1 1 1 1
B. − = D. − =𝑥
30 40 𝑥 30 40

4. Aiza can encode her manuscripts in the computer in 8 hours. Jennifer can finish
the same work in 5 hours.
1 1 1 1 1
A. 8 − 5 = 𝑥 C. 8 − 5 = 𝑥
1 1 1 1 1
B. 8 + 5 = 𝑥 D. 8 + 5 = 𝑥

Remember

A fraction of one’s work plus a fraction of another’s work equals the fraction of work
1 1 1
they do together denoted as + = .
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥

Checking your Understanding

I. Direction: Represent the following problem as rational equation.

1. Krisa can pack all candidates in 7 hours, while Rina can do the same job in 6
hours.
𝑥 𝑥
A. 7 + 6 = 1 C. 7𝑥 + 6𝑥 = 1
1 1 1 1
B. 7𝑥 + 6𝑥 = 1 D. 7 + 6 = 𝑥

2. One pump can fill a tank with oil in 9 hours. A second pump can fill the same tank
in 4 hours.
1 1 𝑥 𝑥
A. 9 + 4 = 𝑥 C. 9 + 4 = 1
9 4 9𝑥 4𝑥
B. 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 1 D. + =𝑥
1 1

3. Romela can jog 6 miles uphill in the same time it takes her 3 miles downhill.
1 1 1 1
A. 6 + 3 = 𝑥 C. 6 − 3 = 𝑥
1 1 1 1 1 1
B. 6 + 3 = 𝑥 D. 6 − 3 = 𝑥

4. Tony can paint his room in 2 hours while Jena can do the same job in 1.5 hours.
1 1 1 1
A. 2 − 1.5 = 𝑥 C. + 1.5 = 𝑥
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
B.2 + 1.5 = 𝑥 D. 2 + 1.5 = 𝑥

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LESSON 2: RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

Looking Back
Represent the given situation.

A plumber can finish a job in 4 hours while his assistant can finish the same job in 6 hours.

Brief Introduction

𝑝
Rational Expression is an expression that can be written in the form where 𝑝
𝑞
and 𝑞 are polynomials, 𝑞 ≠ 0.

Rational Equations on the other hand always have the equal sign (=) to show
𝑥+1
that each expression on both ends are equal (e.g. = 2). It is also described as an
𝑥
equation containing one or more rational expressions.

However, Rational Inequality have inequalities such as <, >, ≤, ≥ to show which
side is greater or lesser.

𝑃(𝑥)
Rational Function is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑄(𝑥), where P and Q are
polynomial functions.

Activities

I. Direction: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer from the following options:
A. Rational Expressions
B. Rational Equations
C. Rational Inequality
D. Rational Functions
2𝑥+1 2𝑥 𝑥+1
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3. 3+𝑥 5. > −1
𝑥−1 2
2𝑥+1 2 𝑥+5
2. = −2 4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 6. = −1
𝑥−3 9

Remember

Rational Expression is a mathematical representation with rational numbers.

6
Rational Equation is an equation containing rational expressions. Usually describe
as two rational expressions written on both ends of the equal sign.

Rational Inequality is like rational equation except that it’s using inequalities such
as <, >, ≤, ≥.

Rational Function is the same as the equation but has only one unique input and is
usually denoted as 𝑓(𝑥).

Checking your Understanding

I. Direction: Read the following questions carefully and choose the letter of the
best answer from the following options:
A. Rational Expressions
B. Rational Equations
C. Rational Inequality
D. Rational Functions
𝑥2 𝑥−4 −1
1. 1−𝑥
<2 3. 5
5. 𝑥+3 = 5
1 𝑥−5 𝑥
2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥+2 4. +2=0 6. 𝑥+1 > −1
3

Post-test

Directions: Read the following questions carefully and encircle the letter of the best
answer.

1. Which is a Rational Equation?

𝑥
A. 2 + 1 = 0 C. √𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥 2 −1 2𝑥
B. =∞ D. =1
𝑥+1 3
2. Which is a rational function?
A. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 1 C. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 + 1
2𝑥+𝑥 2 2𝑥
B. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = D. 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
𝑥−1 3
3. Which is NOT a rational inequality?
3𝑥 𝑥+3
A. >2 C. 5−2𝑥 ≤ 4
4
𝑥 2 −16 1
B. <0 D. 𝑥−5 < −2
(𝑥−1)2
4. Adrene can paint his room’s wall in 9 hours. Aldus can do it in 5 hours.
Represent the following problem as rational equation.
1 1 1 1
A. +5= 𝑥 C. 9 − 5 = 𝑥
9
1 1 1 1 1 1
B. + = D. − =
9 5 𝑥 9 5 𝑥
5. Allan can pack all candies in 8 hours, while Kevin can do the same job in 7
hours?

7
 1 1 1 1
A. +7=𝑥 C. 8 − 7 = 𝑥
8
1 1 1 1 1 1
B. +7=𝑥 D. 8 − 7 = 𝑥
8

References
Banigon Jr., Ricardo B., Camilon, Maita G.
Revised Edition: General Mathematics for Senior High School
Fair, Jan, Bragg, Sadie C.
Algebra 1
Website:
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-algebra-i-concepts/section/12.0/