Senior High School

General Mathematics
First Quarter – Week 6
Logarithmic Functions

SOLVES EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

(M11GM-Ie-f-1)

Writer
Arthur Evan R. Maca

Illustrator
Sergeant B. Papango

Validators
Juanito B. Costales, Ed. D
Rommel Mar C. De Guzman, Ed. D

Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM)

HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)
Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read carefully the instructions below to successfully enjoy
the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every part of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
Writing develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the post test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)

1. Expectations- This will provide what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the SLeM.

2. Pre-test – This will assess your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

3. Looking Back – This section will measure the skills that you learned understand
from the previous lesson.

4. Brief Introduction – This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

5. Activities – These are activities designed to develop your critical thinking and
other competencies that you need to master. This can be done solely or with your
partner depending on the nature of the activity.

6. Remember – This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the

lessons.

7. Checking your Understanding – This will verify how you learned from the
lesson.

8. Post-test– This will measure how much you have learned from the entire SLeM.

2
LESSON 1: Solving Exponential Equation and Inequalities
EXPECTATIONS: This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to

 Review properties of exponents

 Solves exponential equations and inequalities, and
 Shows enthusiasm in solving exponential equation and inequalities.

PRE - TEST:
Directions: Read the problem carefully. Analyze and solve each question that
follows. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet.
1. Which of the following is an example of exponential equation?
A. 53 = 5x6 B. 52x = 25 C. 52x < 25 D. 5x6 > 53
2. Solve for the value of x, ?
A. B. C. -5 D. 3
2 x+1
3. Find the solution set of 25 5 .
A. ( B. ( C. ( D. [
4. What base would 100 and 1000 have when you write them as power with the same bases?
A. 1 B. 10 C. 100 D. 1000
5. Solve for the value of x, (5x)x = 1
A. 1 B. 0 C. 2 D. 5

Looking Back to Your Lesson

A. Let us recall the laws of exponents. Complete the given equations.

Let a ≠ 0, we define the following.
1. a0 = ______
2. = _____
Theorems. Let x and y be the rational numbers, then

3. ax . ay = ______ 5. (ax)y = ______ 7. = _____

x y x
4. a ÷ a = _____ 6. (a.b) = _____
B. Identify which of the following are exponential equations and inequalities.

Brief Introduction:
To establish equality between two exponential expressions, you need to do
something similar to showing if a function is one to one.

One-to-one Property
If two powers with the same base are equal, then their exponents must be equal.
For b > 0 and b ≠ 1, if bx = by then x = y.

3
Example 1:

Solve the equation 32x = 81.

Solution:

First observe that 81 is a power of 3. Hence, 32x = 34. According to One-to-one property, you
can equate the exponents of 3 from both sides of the equation and solve for x. Thus,
2x = 4

x = 2.
Thus, the solution to the exponential equation 32x = 81 is x = 2.

Example 2:
Solve the equation
Solution:

First observe that is a power of or as the quotient of a power rule. To

make it with the same base as () get the reciprocal of , that is ( by applying the
laws of exponent or negative exponent rule. Thus,

By One to one property we can now equate the

exponents of from both sides of the equation and solve for x. Thus,
x = - 2. This is the solution to the given equation.

Example 3:
Solve 163x + 4 = 42x + 3

Solution:
Find the solution/s to the equation as follows.
163x + 4 = 42x + 3 Given.
2 3x + 4 2x + 3
(4 ) =4 Express 16 as 42.
42( 3x + 4) = 42x + 3 Use the power of a power rule.
4 6x + 8 = 42x + 3 Applying the distributive property of multiplication over
addition.
6x + 8 = 2x + 3 By One to one property we can now equate the exponents.
6x – 2x = 3 – 8 Combine similar terms, by transposition method.
4x = -5 Simplify

x = Divide both side by 4.

The solution to 163x + 4 = 42x + 3

is x = As an exercise, check if x is not an
extraneuous solution to the equation.

4
Example 4:
Solve the equation

Solution: Both 9 and 3 can be written using 3 as the base.

(2x – 3)(x + 1) = 0
2x – 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = or x = 1

Exponential inequalities can be solved using the following property.

Property of Exponential Inequalities

If b > 1, then the exponential function y = bx is increasing for all x. This means that bx < by if
and only if x < y.

If 0 < b < 1, then the exponential function y = bx is decreasing for all x. This means that
bx > by if and only if x < y.

Tips: You should be careful when solving exponential inequalities such as bm < bn. The
resulting direction of the inequality (m < n or m > n) is based on whether the base b is
greater than 1 or less than 1.

Example 5:
Solve

Solution:
Rewrite 10,000 as 104
5x + 2 > 4 Property of Inequality for Exponential Function
5x > 2 Subtract 2 from each side
x> Divide both sides by 5.
Thus, the solution set is (

Example 6:
Solve
Solution:
54(x – 7) 5-3 (2x - 4) Rewrite 625 and 1/125 as 54 and 5-3
4(x – 7) -3(2x – 4) Property of Inequality for Exponential Function
4x – 28 -6x +12 Apply the distributive property of multiplication over
addition.
4x + 6x 12 + 28 Transpose terms to place like terms on each side of
the inequality.
10x 40 Add like terms
x Divide both sides by 10
x 4 Thus, the solution set is [4, .

5
Example 7:
Solve the inequality ( .
Solution: Since , then we write both sides of the inequality with as the base.

Since the base < 1, then this inequality is

equivalent to x+5 6x (the direction of the inequality is reversed)
5 6x - x
5 5x

1 x Thus, the solution set is [1,

Activities
Solve the following equations.
x–1
1. 16 = 64
2. 3 = 272x + 4
x+2

3.
Solve for the following inequalities.
4. 42x+7 322x -3
5.

Remember

One strategy to solve exponential equation is to write both sides of the equation as
powers with the same base.
When solving exponential inequalities, you should be careful when solving
exponential inequalities such as bm < bn. The resulting direction of the inequality (m < n or
m > n) is based on whether the base b is greater than 1 or less than 1.

Check Your Understanding

Solve the following equations.

1. 100x = 10002x – 6

2. 162x -3 = 4x + 2

3. 7x+4 = 49 2x – 1

6
4-5.
John and Peter are solving (0.6)x -3 > (0.36) –x -1. Did anyone get the correct solution?
If not, spot the error or errors.

Post – test
Directions: Read the problem carefully. Analyze and solve each question that
follows. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet.
1. Which of the following is an example of exponential inequalities?
A. 253x -4 = 53x B. 253x -4 > 53x C. 25x4 = 53 D. 25x4 < 53
2. Solve for the value of x, ?
A. B. C. D.
2 x+1
3. Find the solution set of 25 5 .
A. ( B. ( C. ( D. [
4. What base would 27 and 243 have when you write them as power with the same bases?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
5. Solve for the value of x, (3x)x = 1
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

References

Banigon Jr., Ricardo B., Et. Al., General Mathematics, Revised Edition (Quezon City:
Educational Resources Corporation, 2019) 57-59.
Oronce, Orlando A., General Mathematics, First Edition (Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2016)
174-176
Regacho, Corazon F., Et. Al., Mathematics Skills for Life (Quezon City, Abiva Publishing
House Inc. 2017) 91-93.
Republic of the Philippines, Government Property, Teaching Guide for Senior High School-
General Mathematics (Commission on Higher Education, 2016) 111-117.