Straight line graphs 5B

1 a The gradient = –2 k 4x + 2 y − 9 =0
2 y − 9 =−4 x
b The gradient = –1
2y = −4 x + 9
c The gradient = 3 4 9
y= − x+
2 2
1
d The gradient = 9
3
y= −2 x +
2
e The gradient = – 23 The gradient = −2

f The gradient = 5
4
l 9x + 6 y + 2 =0
6 y + 2 =−9 x
g 2x − 4 y + 5 = 6y =−9 x − 2
2x + 5 = 4y y=
− 96 x − 62
4=y 2x + 5 y=
− 32 x − 13
=
y 2
4 x + 54 The gradient = − 32
=
y 1
2 x+ 5
4

The gradient = 1
2
2 a c=4

h 10 x − 5 y + 1 = 0 b c = −5
10 x + 1 =5 y
c c = − 23
5=y 10 x + 1
=
y 10
5 x + 15 d y = −3 x
=
y 2 x + 15 y= −3 x + 0
The gradient = 2 c=0

e c= 7
i − x + 2 y − 4 =0 5

2y − 4 = x
f y= 2 − 7 x
2 y= x + 4
y= −7 x + 2
=
y 1
x+2
2 c=2
The gradient = 1
2
g 3x − 4 y + 8 =0
j −3 x + 6 y + 7 =0 3x + 8 = 4y
6=y 3x − 7 4=
y 3x + 8
=
y 63 x − 76 =
y 3
x + 84
4
=
y 1
2 x+ 7
6 =
y 3
x+2
4
The gradient = 1
2 c= 2

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2 h 4 x − 5 y − 10 =
0 3 b =
y 3x − 2
4 x − 10 =5y 0 = 3x − 2 − y
5=y 4 x − 10 3x − 2 − y =0
=
y 4
5 x− 10
5 3x − y − 2 =0
=
y 4
5 x−2
c y= −6 x + 7
c = −2
6x + y =7
i −2 x + y − 9 =0 6x + y − 7 =0
y −9= 2x
=
y 2x + 9 d =
y 54 x − 6
c= 9 Multiply each term by 5:
5=y 4 x − 30
j 7 x + 4 y + 12 =
0 0 = 4 x − 30 − 5 y
4 y + 12 =−7 x 4 x − 30 − 5 y = 0
4y =−7 x − 12 4 x − 5 y − 30 = 0
y=
− 74 x − 124
e =
y 53 x + 2
y=
− x −3 7
4
Multiply each term by 3:
c = −3 3=
y 5x + 6
0 = 5x + 6 − 3 y
k 7x − 2 y + 3 =0
5x + 6 − 3 y = 0
7x + 3 = 2y
5x − 3 y + 6 = 0
2=y 7x + 3
=
y 7
2 x + 32 f y = 73 x
c= 3
2 Multiply each term by 3:
3y = 7x
l −5 x + 4 y + 2 =0 =
0 7x − 3y
4y + 2= 5x 7x − 3y = 0
4=
y 5x − 2
=
y 5
4 x − 24 g =
y 2 x − 74
=
y 5
4 x − 12 Multiply each term by 7:
7=
y 14 x − 4
c = − 12
0= 14 x − 4 − 7 y
3 a =
y 4x + 3 14 x − 4 − 7 y =0
0 = 4x + 3 − y 14 x − 7 y − 4 =0
4x + 3 − y =0
4x − y + 3 =0

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3 h y= −3 x + 92 5 3x + 2y = 0
Multiply each term by 9: 2y = −3x
9y = −27 x + 2 y = − 32 x
27 x + 9 y =2 The line meets the x-axis at y = 0.
27 x + 9 y − 2 =0 Substituting y = 0 into y = − 32 x :
0 = − 32 x
i y= −6 x − 23 x=0
Multiply each term by 3: The line meets the x-axis at R(0, 0).
3y =−18 x − 2
6 5x − 4y + 20 = 0
18 x + 3 y =−2
Substitute x = 0:
18 x + 3 y + 2 =0 5(0) – 4y + 20 = 0
– 4y + 20 = 0
j y= − 13 x + 12 20 = 4y
Multiply each term by 6 (6 is divisible 4y = 20
by both 3 and 2: y=5
6y = −2 x + 3 The line meets the y-axis at A(0, 5).
2x + 6 y = 3
Substitute y = 0:
2x + 6 y − 3 = 0 5x – 4(0) + 20 = 0
5x + 20 = 0
k =
y 23 x + 65 5x = –20
Multiply each term by 6 (6 is divisible x = –4
by both 3 and 6: The line meets the x-axis at B(−4, 0).
6=y 4x + 5
0 = 4x + 5 − 6 y 7 a The line passes through (0, 5)
and (6, 7).
4x + 5 − 6 y = 0 7−5
4x − 6 y + 5 = 0 The gradient =
6−0
2
l =
y 53 x + 12 =
6
Multiply each term by 10 (10 is 1
divisible by both 5 and 2): =
3
10= y 6x + 5
0 = 6 x + 5 − 10 y b So =
y 13 x + c
6 x + 5 − 10 y = 0 Use the point (0, 5).
6 x − 10 y + 5 = 0 Substitute x = 0 and y = 5 into
=
y 13 x + c to find c.
4 y = 6x – 18 =5 13 (0) + c
Substitute y = 0:
c=5
6x – 18 = 0
So =
y 13 x + 5
6x = 18
x=3 3y = x + 15
The line meets the x-axis at P(3, 0). x − 3y + 15 = 0

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8 a The line passes through (5, 0) 12 a l1: y = 3x − 7
and (0, 2). The point of intersection is P(−3, b).
2−0 Substituting x = −3 and y = b into l1:
The gradient = b = 3(−3) − 7
0−5
2 b = −16
= −
5
b l2: ax + 4y − 17 = 0
b y= −5 x+c
2
The point P(−3, −16) is on the line.
From the coordinates (0, 2) the Substituting x = −3 and y = −16 into l2:
y-intercept is 2. a(−3) + 4(−16) − 17 = 0
So y = − 52 x + 2 −3a − 81 = 0
5y = −2x + 10 a = −27
2x + 5y − 10 = 0
Challenge
9 ax + by + c = 0
by = −ax − c The line passes through (0, a) and (b, 0).
y = − ba x − bc 0−a
The gradient =
The gradient = − ba b−0
a
The y-intercept = − bc = −
b
The y-intercept is at x = 0.
10 ax − 2y + c = 0
This is the point (0, a).
2y = ax + c
a
y = a2 x + 2c y= − x+a
b
The gradient = a2 = 3, so a = 6 by = −ax + ab
The y-intercept = 2c = 5, so c = 10 ax + by − ab = 0
a = 6, c = 10

11 Line l has equation y = −2x + 6.

For the second line:
5x − 8y − 15 = 0
8y = 5x − 15
y = 85 x − 158
The lines intersect where:
y = −2x + 6 and y = 85 x − 158 cross
So −2x + 6 = 85 x − 158
Multiply through by 8.
−16x + 48 = 5x − 15
21x = 63
x=3
Substituting x = 3 into y = −2x + 6:
y = −2(3) + 6
y=0
The lines intersect at P(3, 0).

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