HKDSE Mathematics

Logarithms Function
Class Practice

1. (a) y (b) y
y = 2x y = 3x

3 3
y=x y=x
2 2
y = log 3x
1 y = log2 x 1

x x
−1 O 1 2 3 −1 O 1 2 3
−1 −1

y y
2. (a) (b)
y=x y=x

2 2
y = 0.4 x
1 1
y = 0.5 x
x x
−2 −1 O 1 2 −2 −1 O 1 2
−1 −1
y = log 0.4x y = log 0.5x

−2 −2

3. (a) p = 1
(b) C1: y = 0.5x
C2: y = 0.2x
C3: y = 4x

4. b>c >a

5. (a) P(1, 0)
(b) c<a<b

x
1
6. (a) f (x) =  
2
(b) P(1, 0), R(−2, 4)

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 1 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

7. 1
log6 y
= log 6 x + 4
2
1
log6 y log6 x 2 + log6 64
=
1
log6 y = log 64 x 2
1
y = 1296 x 2

0 − (−1) 1
8. =
slope =
4−0 4

1
log4 y
= log4 x − 1
4
1
log4 y log4 x 4 − log4 4
=
1 14
log4 y = log x
4
1 14
y = x
4

0+3 3
9. slope
= =
2−0 2

3
log4 q
= log4 p − 3
2
3
= log4 p 2 − log4 43
3
p2
= log4
64
1 23
q= p
64

3 1
∴a
= and
= k
2 64

10. 1
log2 y =
− x +3
2
1
− x +3
y =2 2

1
−
y 23 ⋅ (2 2 )x
=

x
 2
8
∴y =
 2 
 

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 2 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

3−0 3
11. =
slope =
0 − (−4) 4

3
log
= y x +3
4
3 
log
= y  x + 3  log10
4 
3
x +3
log y = log10 4
3
x +3
y = 10 4
x
 3
y = 1000 10 4 
 

0+2 1
12. slope = = −
−4 − 0 2
1
log3 y =
− x −2
2
1
− x −2
y =3 2

1
−
= 3−2 ⋅ (3 2 )x
x
1 1 
=  
9 3
1 1 3
∴ k= and a= =
9 3 3

13. 2
log27 y
= log81 x + 1
3
log3 y 2 log3 x
= +1
log3 27 3log3 81
4=
log3 y 2 log3 x + 12
4
log
= 3 y log3 x 2 + log3 312
log3 y 4 = log312 x 2
y 4 = 312 x 2
1
y = 27 x 2

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 3 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

3−0
14. slope
= = 3
0 +1

log2 x 3log4 t + 3
=
3log2 t
= + 3log2 2
log2 4
3
= log2 t + log2 8
2
3
= log2 (8t 2 )
3
x = 8t 2
3
∴a
= and
= k 8
2

15. y -intercept 1
= ⇒ y -intercept =
1
3 3

1
log8 y =
− log4 x + 1
3
log2 y 1  log2 x 
=
−   + log2 2
log2 8 3  log2 4 
1
log2 y =
− log2 x + 3log2 2
2
1
−
= log2 x 2
+ log2 23
1
−
= log2 (8 x 2 )

1
−
∴y =
8x 2

y -intercept
16. 2 ⇒ y -intercept =
= 2
1

log9 y 2 log27 x + 2
=
log3 y 2 log3 x
= +2
log3 9 log3 27
3log
= 3 y 4 log3 x + 12
3
log
= 3 y log3 x 4 + 12 log3 3
log3 y 3 = log312 x 4
y 3 = 312 x 4
4
y = 81x 3

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 4 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

17. y -intercept 1
= ⇒ y -intercept =
1
2 2

1
log 3 y
= log9 x + 1
2
log 3 x
= + log 3
2 log 3 9 3

1
= log x + log 3
8 3 3

1
= log 3 ( 3x 8 )

1
∴ y =3x 8

y m + 3logn x ,
18. Sub (4, 0) into =
0 m + 3logn 4
=
m = −3logn 4
y m + 3logn x ,
Sub (256, 9) into =
9 m + 3logn 256
=
m= 9 − 12 logn 4

−3logn 4 =
9 − 12 logn 4
9 logn 4 = 9
logn 4 = 1
n=4
m = −3

y =−3 + 3log4 x
3log4 x= y + 3
 y + 3
log4 x =   log4 4
 3 
y +3
x =4 3

 1 
19. Sub  , 0  into y= u − logv x ,
 16 

1
0= u − logv
16
u = −4 logv 2

Sub (8, 7) into y= u − logv x ,

7= u − logv 8
u= 7 + 3logv 2

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 5 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

−4 logv 2 =
7 + 3logv 2
−7 logv 2 =
7
logv 2 = −1
1
v =
2
u=4
y= 4 − log1 x
2

log1 x= 4 − y
2

1
log1 =
x (4 − y )log1
2 2
2
4−y
1
x = 
2
x = 2y − 4

20. Sub (9, 0) into y= a + logb x ,

0= a + logb 9
a = −2 logb 3
Sub (243, 3) into y= a + logb x ,
3= a + logb 243
a= 3 − 5logb 3

−2 logb 3 =
3 − 5logb 3
logb 3 = 1
b=3
a = −2

y =−2 + log3 x
log3 x= y + 2

3y +2
∴x =

21. The answer is D.

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 6 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

2−0 2
22. slope = = −
0−3 3

2
log3 y =
− log3 x + 2
3
2
−
= log3 x 3
+ log3 32
2
−
= log3 (9 x 3 )
2
−
y = 9x 3

2
x3y = 9
x 2 y 3 = 729

∴ The answer is A.

2−0 2
23. slope = = −
0−3 3

2
log8 y =− x +2
3
 2 
log8 y =
 − 3 x + 2  log8 8
 
2
− x +2
y =8 3

(
y = 64 2−2 x )
x
4 y = 64

∴ The answer is B.

24. For I, b > c .

I is not correct.
For II, b > c > 1
∴ bc > 1 .
II is correct.
For III,
For the same value of y,
AB logb y log y log c
= = × = logb c
AC logc y log b log y

III is correct.
∴ The answer is C.

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 7 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

25. For I,

r −1 > q −1
1 1
> (∵ r > 0 and q > 0 )
r q
q>r

I is correct.
For II,

r −1 < 1 q −1 < 1
1 1
< 1 and <1
r q
r >1 q >1

q+r >2
II is correct.
For III,
For the same value of x,
log PR log r − x log r
= = = logq r
log PQ log q −x
log q

III is not correct.

∴ The answer is A.

26. For I,
a > 1 and b > 1
I is correct.
For II,
b>a
II is not correct.
For III,
For the same value of x,

log x log x
−
AB loga x − logb x log a log b log b − log a b
= = = log b loga  
×=
BC logb x log x log a log b  a
log b

III is correct.
∴ The answer is C.

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 8 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

27. For I,
0 < q < 1 and 0 < r < 1
I is correct.
For II,
p>q

II is not correct.
For III,

log x log x
−
PQ logq x − logp x log q log p log p − log q q
= = = = × − log q logp  
QR − logq x log x log p log q  p
−
log q

III is correct.
∴ The answer is C.

6−2 1
28. slope
= =
9 −1 2

log4 y − 2 1
=
log4 x − 1 2
1 3
log4 y
= log4 x +
2 2
1 3
log4 y log4 x 2 + log4 42
=
3 1
y = 42 x 2
1
y = 8x 2

∴ The answer is D.

5−3
29. slope
= = 2
2 −1

log9 y − 3
=2
log9 x − 1
log9 y 2 log9 x + 1
=
log9 y log9 x 2 + log9 9
=
y = 9x 2

∴ The answer is C.

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 9 Prepared by : H. M. Wong

 HKDSE Mathematics
Logarithms Function
Class Practice

7−0 7
30. slope = = −
0−8 8

7
log9 y =
− log3 x + 7
8
log3 y 7
− log3 x + 7
=
log3 9 8
7
− log3 x + log3 314
log3 y =
4
7
−
y = 314 x 4

7
x 4 y = 314
x 7 y 4 = 356

∴ The answer is B.

HKDSE Mathematics ~ CP 10 Prepared by : H. M. Wong