THE

HEFFERNAN MATHS METHODS 3 & 4

GROUP TRIAL EXAMINATION 1
P.O. Box 1180
Surrey Hills North VIC 3127
SOLUTIONS
Phone 03 9836 5021 2016
Fax 03 9836 5025
info@theheffernangroup.com.au
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Question 1 (5 marks)
a. y = x 2 +1
1
so y = (x 2 +1) 2
Method 1- fast way
1
dy 1 2 −
= (x +1) 2 × 2x (chain rule) (1 mark)
dx 2
x
=
x 2 +1
(1 mark)
Method 2 – slower (but safe) way
1
Let y = u 2 and u = x 2 + 1
1
dy 1 − 2 du
= u = 2x
du 2 dx
dy dy du
Now = (chain rule - formula sheet) (1 mark)
dx du dx
1
1 −
= u 2 × 2x
2
1 1
= × × 2x
2 x2 +1
x
= (1 mark)
2
x +1
log e (3 x)
b. i. f ( x) =
x
3
x × − 1× log e (3x)
f ' ( x) = 3x (quotient rule - formula sheet)
x2
1 − log e (3x) (1 mark) – correct numerator
= 2 (1 mark) – correct denominator
x
! 1 $ 1− log e (1)
ii. f '# & = 2
" 3% !1$
# &
" 3%
1
= (1 − 0) ÷ since log e (1) = 0
9
9
= 1×
1
=9 (1 mark)

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© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2016 Maths Methods 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 2 (3 marks)
3
f : R \ {2} → R, f (x) = −1+
x−2
3
Let y = −1+
x−2
The graph is that of a hyperbola.
vertical asymptote: x−2 = 0
x=2
horizontal asymptote: y = −1
x − intercept occurs when y=0
3
0 = −1+
x−2
3
=1
x−2
3= x−2
x=5
(5, 0)
y − intercept occurs when x=0
3
y = −1+
−2
5
=−
2
" 5%
$ 0, − '
# 2&

y
x=2

y = f (x )

2 x
O (5, 0)
y = −1
-1

⎛ 5⎞
⎜ 0, − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠

(1 mark) – correct asymptotes

(1 mark) – correct axes intercepts
(1 mark) – correct shape

© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2016 Maths Methods 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 3 (2 marks)
3
⎛2 ⎞
∫ ⎜⎝ x + 1⎟⎠dx = [2 log ( x) + x]
3
e 1
(1 mark)
1
= (2 log e (3) + 3) − (2 log e (1) + 1)
= 2 log e (3) + 3 − 1 since log e (1) = 0
= 2 log e (3) + 2
(1 mark)
Question 4 (3 marks)
a. f (x) = g(x)
1
cos( x) = sin( x)
3
1 sin( x)
=
3 cos( x)
1 S A
tan( x) = , x ∈ [0, 2π] (1 mark)
3 T C
π 7π
x= , (1 mark)
6 6
1
b. f ( g (0)) = cos(sin(0))
3
1
= cos(0)
3
1
= ×1
3
1
= (1 mark)
3
Question 5 (4 marks)
a. var ( X ) = E( X 2 ) − (E( X )) 2 (or var( X ) = E( X 2 ) − µ 2 since E( X ) = µ)
E( X 2 ) = 0 2 × 0.3 + 12 × 0.4 + 2 2 × 0.2 + 32 + 0.1
= 0.4 + 0.8 + 0.9
(1 mark)
= 2.1
So var( X ) = 2.1 − 1.12 (since E( X ) = 1.1, which was given in the question)
= 2.1 − 1.21
(1 mark)
= 0.89
b. Pr(X ≥ 2 X > 0) (conditional probability)
Pr(X ≥ 2 ∩ X > 0) (1 mark)
= (formula sheet)
Pr(X > 0)
Pr(X ≥ 2)
=
Pr(X > 0)
0.2 + 0.1
=
0.4 + 0.2 + 0.1
0.3
=
0.7
3
= (1 mark)
7

© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2016 Maths Methods 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions
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Question 6 (3 marks)

log e ( x) + log e (3x + 2) = 2 log e ( x + 1), x>0

2
log e ( x(3x + 2)) = log e ( x + 1)
so x(3x + 2) = ( x + 1) 2 (1 mark)
2 2
3x + 2 x = x + 2 x + 1
2x 2 = 1
1
x2 =
2
1
x=± (1 mark)
2
1
But x > 0 , so reject x = − .
2
1 2
The solution is x = . or (1 mark)
2 2
Note that you don’t have to put in every step shown above, they are here for explanatory
1
purposes. You do however have to mention the rejection of x = − because x > 0 .
2

Question 7 (4 marks)
π
6
⎛ π⎞
a.
⎝ 6⎠ 0 ∫
Pr⎜ X < ⎟ = 2 sin(4 x)dx

π
⎡ 1 ⎤6
= ⎢2 × − cos( 4 x)⎥ (1 mark)
⎣ 4 ⎦0
1 ⎧ ⎛ 4π ⎞ ⎫
= − ⎨cos⎜ ⎟ − cos(0)⎬
2⎩ ⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎭
1 ⎛ ⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ 2π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
= − ⎜⎜ cos⎜ ⎟ − 1⎟⎟ cos⎜ ⎟ = cos⎜ π − ⎟ S A
2⎝ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
1⎛ 1 ⎞
= − ⎜ − − 1⎟ ⎛π⎞ T C
= − cos⎜ ⎟
2⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝3⎠
1 3 1
= − ×− =−
2 2 2
3
= (1 mark)
4

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Question 7 (cont’d)

⎛ π π⎞
b. Pr ⎜⎜ X < X < ⎟⎟ (conditional probability)
⎝ 8 6⎠
⎛ π π⎞
Pr⎜ X < ∩ X < ⎟
8 6⎠
= ⎝ (formula sheet)
⎛ π⎞
Pr⎜ X < ⎟
⎝ 6⎠
⎛ π⎞
Pr⎜ X < ⎟
8⎠
= ⎝
⎛ π⎞ (1 mark)
Pr⎜ X < ⎟
⎝ 6⎠

Method 1 – using a graph

y
⎛ π⎞
Pr⎜ X < ⎟ y = 2sin( 4 x)
⎝ 8⎠
⎛ π⎞
Pr⎜ X < ⎟ x
⎝ 6⎠ π π
1 8 4
= 2 ⎛ π⎞ 1
3 4 (from part a.) Pr ⎜ X < ⎟ =
⎝ 8⎠ 2
1 4
= ×
2 3
2
= (1 mark)
3

Method 2 – using calculus

π
8
⎛ π⎞
⎝ 8⎠ 0 ∫
Pr⎜ X < ⎟ = 2 sin(4 x)dx

π
⎡ 1 ⎤8
= ⎢− × 2 cos( 4 x)⎥
⎣ 4 ⎦0
1⎧ ⎛π⎞ ⎫
= − ⎨cos ⎜ ⎟ − cos( 0)⎬
2⎩ ⎝2⎠ ⎭
1
= − (0 − 1)
2
1
=
2
⎛ π⎞
Pr⎜ X < ⎟
⎝ 8⎠ 1 3
So = ÷ (from part a.)
⎛ π⎞ 2 4
Pr⎜ X < ⎟
⎝ 6⎠
2
=
3
(1 mark)

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Question 8 (5 marks)
3
a. We have a population of 8 cars. The population proportion is , that is 3 out of the 8
8
cars have defective airbags.
We are taking a sample of 2 cars. Because we have a small population, we have to
use our knowledge of selections. We cannot use a binomial distribution because we
don’t have a large population. Let X be a random variable representing the number of
cars in the sample with defective airbags.
Method 1
Pr( X < 2) = Pr( X = 0) + Pr( X = 1) (1 mark)
3
C 0 ×5 C 2 3C1 ×5 C1
= 8
+ 8 (1 mark)
C2 C2
5× 4
1×
= 2 ×1 + 3 × 5
8× 7 8× 7
2 ×1 2 ×1
10 15
= +
28 28
25
= (1 mark)
28
Method 2
Pr( X < 2) = 1 − Pr( X = 2) (1 mark)
3 5
C2 × C0
= 1− 8 (1 mark)
C2
3 ×1
= 1−
8× 7
2 ×1
3
= 1−
28
25 (1 mark)
=
28
b. Because we have a large population of BX3 cars (all around the world) we can use a
binomial approximation.
Let Y be a random variable which represents the number of BX3 cars in the sample
with defective airbags.
Y follows a binomial distribution with n = 4 and p = 0.2
(1 mark) – recognition of binomial distribution with correct n and p
Pr(Y = 2) = C2 (0.2)2 × (0.8)2
4

4×3
= × 0.04 × 0.64
2 ×1
4 64
= 6× ×
100 100
6 16
= ×
25 25
96
=
625

(1 mark)

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Question 9 (4 marks)

d
a. (3 − x 2 )e x = (3 − x 2 )e x + −2 xe x (product rule - formula sheet)
dx
= 3e x − x 2 e x − 2xe x
= 3e x − (x 2 + 2x)e x
= 3e x − f (x)
as required where a = 3
(1 mark)

0
b. The area of the shaded region is given by − 1 × ∫ f ( x)dx since the shaded region lies
−2
below the x-axis.

From part a.,

(1 mark)
d
(3 − x 2 )e x = 3e x − f ( x)
dx
(1 mark)
d
f ( x) = 3e x − (3 − x 2 )e x
dx
0 0 0
d
∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ 3e dx − ∫ dx (3 − x
x 2
So )e x dx
−2 −2 −2
0 x 0 0
= [3e ]−2− 2− [(3 −x 2 )e x ]−2 (note that the antidervative " undoes" the derivative)
So − 1 × ∫
−2
f ( x)dx = 4e .
{
= 3e 0 − 3e −2 − (3 − 0)e 0 − (3 − 4)e −2 }
The area of the=shaded − (3 × 1is+ 4ee −2) or 4 units 2 .
−2
3 − 3e region −2

= 3 − 3e −2 − 3 − e −2 e2
(1 mark)
= −4e −2
Question 10 (7 marks)

1
a. A= × base × height
2
1
= × x × f (x)
2
2
1
= × x × (1− x 3 )
2
2
x
= (1− x 3 )
2
(1 mark)

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1 2
dA x − 2 − 3 1
b. i. = × x + (1 − x 3 ) (product rule - formula sheet)
dx 2 3 2
2 2
−x 3 1 x 3
= + −
3 2 2
2 2
−2x 3 − 3x 3 1
= +
6 2
2
5x 3 1
=− + (1 mark)
6 2
dA
= 0 for min/max.
dx
2
−5x 3 1
+ =0
6 2
2
5x 3 = 3
2
3
x3 =
5
3
" 3 %2
x =$ ' (1 mark)
# 5&
2
x
ii. A = (1− x ) 3
from part a.
2
3
⎛ 3⎞2
Maximum area occurs when x = ⎜ ⎟ from part b. i.
⎝5⎠
3⎜
2
3 3 ⎟
⎛⎞
⎛ ⎞
1 ⎛ ⎜⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 ⎟ ⎟
3⎞2 ⎜
A = × ⎜ ⎟ 1− ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎟
2 ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎜ ⎜⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
3
1 ⎛ 3⎞2 ⎛ 3⎞
= × ⎜ ⎟ ⎜1 − ⎟
2 ⎝5⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
3
1 ⎛ 3⎞2 2
= ×⎜ ⎟ ×
2 ⎝5⎠ 5
3
1 ⎛ 3⎞2
= ×⎜ ⎟
5 ⎝5⎠
27
=
5 × 125
3 3 5
= ×
25 5 5
3 15
= (1 mark)
125
(It is not necessary to put in all of the steps shown above. They are here for explanatory
purposes.)

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c. Point Q is located at the y-intercept of the graph of f.

y-intercept of the graph of f occurs when x = 0
2
y = 1− x 3
=1
Q is the point (0,1) .

Point R is located at the x-intercept of the graph of f.

x-intercept of the graph of f occurs when y = 0
2
0 = 1− x 3
x =1
R is the point (1, 0) .

Equation of line segment QR is given by

y − 1 = −1( x − 0) (using Q(0,1) and the gradient of QR which is − 1)

.
y = 1− x
(1 mark)
1 2

∫
area = ((1 − x) − (1 −
0
x 3 ))dx (1 mark)

1 2

∫
= (1 − x − 1 + x 3 )dx
0
1 2
= ∫
0
(x 3 − x)dx

1
⎡ 5 2
⎤
⎢ 3x 3 x ⎥
=⎢ − ⎥
5 2
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
0

⎧⎛ 3 1 ⎞ ⎫
= ⎨⎜ − ⎟ − (0 − 0) ⎬
⎩⎝ 5 2 ⎠ ⎭
6−5
=
10
1
= square units
10
(1 mark)

© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2016 Maths Methods 3 & 4 Trial Exam 1 solutions