FLEXURAL PROPERTIES

Sushama Saha Swati

 Flexural properties
• Flexural properties:
The behavior shown by the materials during bending is known flexural properties.
• Flexural rigidity.
• Bending recovery
• Bending modulus.

• Importance:
1. The flexural properties are related to handle and drape of fabrics.
2. The recovery from bending is a factor of creasing.
3. Bending play an important role in the arrangement of fibres in the yarn.
4. Bending strength is important in wear.

Important Flexural properties:

• Flexural rigidity
• Bending recovery
• Bending Modulus
 Flexural properties
• Flexural rigidity:
Flexural rigidity is defined as the force couple required to bend a material in one unit of curvature or it
can be defined as the resistance offered by a structure while undergoing bending.

Where,
E = Specific modulus
T = Linear density of materials
ρ = Density of the materials
η = Shape factor

• Specific flexural rigidity:

The specific flexural rigidity is equal to the flexural rigidity of a fibre / filament of unit tex.

Linear density, T=1

 Flexural properties
• Bending recovery:
Recovery from a given curvature is called Bending Recovery.For example,the
bending recovery of 15 denier Nylon is 100% for a small curvature but 20% for
a higher curvature.
• Nylon & polyester shows complete recovery for a small curvature.
• Bending Modulus:
The ratio of bending stress and bending strain is called bending modulus
• Shape Factor & Flexural rigidity of different fibre:
Fiber name Shape factor Sp F.R (mN-mm2 / Tex2)

Viscose rayon 0.74 0.19

Wool 0.80 0.20

Silk 0.59 0.19

Nylon 0.91 0.14

Glass 1.0 0.89

 Flexural properties
• Shape factor:
It is the quantity which determines the shape of a
material.
Flexural properties
Suppose we have a specimen of
length , bent through an angle of
θ to a radius of curvature r, its
outer layer will be extended and
inner layer will be compressed
but a neutral plane in the center
is unchanged in length. As a result
of extension and compression,
stresses will be set up that give
an internal couple to balance the
applied couple.
Consider an element of area of
cross section δA, at a
perpendicular distance x from the
neutral plane.