• There are no double bonds

The difference between FATs and OILs between carbon atoms

composing a chain, then as many
hydrogen atoms as possible are
bonded to the carbon skeleton.
• The “tails” of the fat molecules -
lack double bonds, and their
flexibility allows the fat molecules
to pack together tightly ⟹
FAT – SATURATED solid form.
FAT • Mostly found in human and
animals.
• Unhealthy for humn health.

• Have one or more double

bonds, with one fewer
hydrogen atom on each
double-bonded carbon.
• Kinks where the cis double
OIL – bonds are located prevent
UNSATURATED FAT the molecules from packing
A fat molecule consists of two kinds of
parts: a glycerol backbone and three fatty together closely enough to
acid tails. Glycerol is a small organic solidify at room temperature
molecule with three hydroxyl (OH) ⟹ liquid form.
groups, while a fatty acid consists of a • Mostly found in plants and
long hydrocarbon chain attached to a fruits.
carboxyl group. • Healthy for human health.
 Function of three classs of lipid in biomembranes
• A phospholipid is • Steroids are
an amphipathic mole lipids
cule which has a characterized
hydrophobic part and a by a carbon
hydrophilic part. skeleton
consisting of
• The phospholipid • Glycolipids are lipids with a
four fused
bilayer forming the carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic
rings.
interior of the bond or covalently bonded.
membrane. The • They are found on the outer surface of
polar heads contact cellular membranes where it plays a
the fluid inside and structural role to maintain membrane • Steroids and their metabolites
outside of the cell. often function as
stability, and also facilitate cell-cell
• They act as a semipermeable communication acting as receptors, signalling molecules (steroid
membrane; (only lipophilic solutes can anchors for protein. hormones).
easily pass through).
• Glycolipids have been observed to • Steroids and phospholipids are
• As a result, there are two distinct aqueous components of cell membranes.
compartments on each side of the
play a role in the regulation of cell
growth via interactions with growth • Steroids such as cholesterol
membrane. This separation is essential
for many biological functions, including factor receptors and in calcium decrease membrane fluidity.
cell communication and metabolism. signaling.

Phospholipids Glycolipids Steroids