CHAPTER 27

BIOMOLECULES: LIPIDS
LAURENO, LIZA MARIE B.
G11-Epicurus
 DEFINITION
naturally occurring hydrophobic molecules
Hydrophobic - it doesn't dissolve in water.
long stretches of lipid molecules only have carbons and
hydrogens.
Lipids are crucial for the healthy functioning of the nerve cells.
Lipids are greasy or oily organic substances
The melting point of fats depends on the length of the chain of the
constituent fatty acid and the degree of unsaturation.
 Function of Lipids
storage compounds
important component of cell membranes
regulate membrane permeability
vitamins A, D, E, K.
insulation and protection from cold.
TYPES OF LIPIDS
 WAXES, FATS, AND OILS
a class of lipids that contain two monomers
provide protective barriers to prevent water loss
and protect cells
prevent dehydration
 FATTY ACIDS (FROM FATS AND OILS)

a long string of carbons and hydrogens with a carboxyl group at the end.
can be saturated or unsaturated.
If every single carbon in a fatty acid is singly bound to four. It is saturated.
If, on the other hand, a carbon double bonds to another carbon, then it can only
form single bonds with two other atom. Therefore, it is unsaturated.
 SATURATED VS. UNSATURATED

straight chains bent out of

shape
tend to be solid tend to be
at room liquid at room
temperature temperature
one or more
single covalent carbon-to-
bonds carbon double
bonds
no gaps
create gaps
 STEROIDS
Four carbon rings stuck together.
Steroids are lipids because they are hydrophobic and
insoluble in water, but they do not resemble lipids since they
have a structure composed of four fused rings.
Cholesterol is the most common steroid.
found in the brain.
neurosteroids alter electrical activity in the brain.
 Many steroids also have the OH
functional group, and these
steroids are classified as alcohols
called sterols.
CHOLESTEROL
most common steroid
estrogen, testosterone, and
progesterone.
bile salts
component of the plasma
membrane of animal cells and the
phospholipid bilayer.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
major components of the plasma
membrane
consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty
acids, and a phosphate group that is
modified by an alcohol.
phospholipid is an amphipathic molecule
which means it has both a hydrophobic
and a hydrophilic component.
The phosphate group is negatively
charged, making the head polar and
hydrophilic, or water loving.
The phosphate heads are thus attracted to
the water molecules in their environment.
 The fatty acid tails of phospholipids
face inside, away from water.
The phosphate heads face the
outward aqueous side.
the lipid bilayer acts as a
semipermeable membrane
only lipophilic solutes can easily pass
the phospholipid bilayer
If phospholipids are placed in water,
they form into micelles, which are
lipid molecules that arrange
themselves in a spherical form in
aqueous solutions.
 SOURCES:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/lipids/
http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/distinguish-between-saturated-unsaturated-fats-
7667.html
https://dlc.dcccd.edu/biology1-3/lipids
https://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/lipids.html
http://biology.tutorvista.com/biomolecules/lipids.html
https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/natural-science/life-
science/ap13204/biomolecules---the-lipids
https://gradestack.com/CBSE-Class-11th-Science/Biomolecules/Lipids/17589-3568-
30511-study-wtw