Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

(Mechanical equivalent of heat)

ds vuqlkj Z esa ifjofrZr gks ldrh gSA fd;s x;s dk;Z dk mRiUu Å"ek ds
lkFk vuqikr lnSo fu;r gksrk gSA
𝑊
= =𝐽
𝑄
J
J = 4.2 4.18 × 10³
J = 4.2

1 calorie = 4.2 joule

 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )
/Specific Heat (s or c )
fdlh inkFkZ ds dk rki 1°C ;k 1K c<+kus ds fy;s vko';d ml inkFkZ dh
dgykrh gSA
bls s vFkok c }kjk O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA

𝑸 = 𝒎𝒔∆𝑻 𝑄 = Å"ek
𝑸 𝑠 = fof'k"V Å"ek
𝒔= m = inkFkZ dk nzO;eku
𝒎𝒔 ∆𝑇 = rki esa ifjorZu

S.I
 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )

•
1 cal/g⁰C = 4200J/kgK

•
0.5 cal/g⁰C = 2100J/kgK
 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )
Q. 5g 𝟐𝟎𝒐 𝑪

1) 210 J
2) 420 J
3) 640 J
4) 840 J
 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )
Sol.
5g ikuh dk rki 20o C ls c<+kus ds fy, vko′;d Å"ek dh ek=k

fn;k x;k gSA

m = 5g , ∆𝑇 = 20𝑜 C
ge tkurs gS Q = ms ∆𝑻
eku j[kus ij

Q = 5 × 1 × 20 = 100 Cal (‘s’ ikuh ds fy, 1cal/g 𝑜 𝐶)

Q = 420 J (1cal= 4.2J)

 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )

1 mV 2
1.  ms 
2 J
mgh
2.  ms 
J
1 I2
3.  ms 
2 J

J = 4.2 joule/cal
 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )
Q. 25⁰C ij lhls dh ,d xsna dks 2 Km dh ÅpkabZ ls fxjk;k tkrk gSA ;g ds ds dkj.k xeZ gks
tkrh gS rFkk ;g eku fy;k tk;s dh bldh bl
dkj.k rki esa o`f) gksrh gSA xsna dk vfUre rki Kkr djsAa [slhlk = 125J/kg⁰C]

1) 160𝑜 𝐶
2) 185𝑜 𝐶
3) 190𝑜 𝐶
4) 205𝑜 𝐶
 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )
Sol. dqy xfrt ÅtkZ Å"ek esa ifjofrZr gksdj xsna ds rki dks c<+krh gSA

Slhlk = 125J/kg⁰C

mgh  msT
gh
T  Ekku j[kus ij
s
10 2000
T 
125
T f  Ti  160
T f  160  25  185o C (Ti  25)
 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )
Q. ,d 10 kg nzO;eku dh xksyh dks 10 m/s ds osx ls y{; dh vkSj nkxk tkrk gS tks VDdj ds ckn :d tkrh
gSA ;fn dk 50 % Hkkx ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
gksxhA (𝑠xksyh = 50 J𝐾𝑔−1 𝐶 −1 ).

1) 0.5𝑂 𝐶
2) 1𝑂 𝐶
3) 1.5𝑂 𝐶
4) 2𝑂 𝐶
 SPECIFIC HEAT (s OR c )
Sol. 50% xfrt ÅtkZ rkieku esa o`f) djrh gS

(S xksyh = 50 J𝐾𝑔−1 𝐶 −1 ).
 THERMAL CAPACITY ms or mc
inkFkZ dh fdlh dk rki 1°C c<+kus ds fy;s vko';d Å"ek dh ek=k mldh Å"ek èkkfjrk dgykrh
gSA ;fn fdlh inkFkZ dh fof'k"V Å"ek s gS rks mlds m æO;eku dh Å"ek èkkfjrk (ms) gksxh vFkkZr~
Å"ek èkkfjrk = æO;eku × fof'k"V Å"ek
Q
Å"ek /kkfjrk 


Note:
 LATENT HEAT/HIDDEN HEAT

:-
 LATENT HEAT/HIDDEN HEAT
(Latent heat or hidden heat)
tc oLrq dh voLFkk ifjofrZr gksrh gS rks voLFkk dk ifjorZu fu;r rki ij gksrk gS rFkk gksrh gS
dh tkrh gSA ftldk eku Q = mL gksrk gS ;gk¡ L gSA

(Latent heat of fusion)

inkFkZ ds xyukad ij ls esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy;s vko';d Å"ek dh ek=k mldh
dgykrh gSA (𝑳𝒇 )

(Latent heat of vaporization)

æo ds DoFkukad ij dks iw.kZr;k esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy;s vko';d Å"ek dh ek=k
mldh dgykrh gSA (𝑳𝑽 )

J/kg or cal/gm.
 LATENT HEAT/HIDDEN HEAT

.
L F  80cal / g  336KJ / kg

𝐻2 𝑂 ds fy,
2.
L V  540cal / g  2260KJ / kg
 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
1.
L F  80cal / g  336KJ / kg
2.
L V  540cal / g  2260KJ / kg
3.
1 cal/g⁰C = 4200 J/kgK

4.
0.5 cal/g⁰C = 2100 J/kgK
 HEAT (Q)
−𝑋 𝑜 𝐶 0𝑜 𝐶 0𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶 𝑌𝑜𝐶
cQZ cQZ ty ty ok"i ok"i

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3 𝑄4 𝑄5

m𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑇1 𝑚𝐿𝑓 m𝑠𝑤 ∆𝑇2 𝑚𝐿𝑣 m𝑠𝑠 ∆𝑇3

𝑚𝐿
𝑄
m𝑠 ∆𝑇
 HEAT (Q)
: 100 gram cQZ dks −20𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶 ok"i esa cnyusa ds fy, nh tkus okyh Å"ek dh ek=k Kkr djsAa

𝑚𝐿
𝑄
m𝑠 ∆𝑇
 HEAT (Q)
100 gram cQZ dks −20𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶 ok"i

−20𝑜 𝐶 0𝑜 𝐶 0𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶

cQZ cQZ ty ty ok"i

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3 𝑄4

m𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑇1 𝑚𝐿𝑓 m𝑠𝑤 ∆𝑇2 𝑚𝐿𝑣

Q = m𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑇1 + 𝑚𝐿𝑓 + m𝑠𝑤 ∆𝑇2 + 𝑚𝐿𝑣

Q = m 𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑇1 + 𝐿𝑓 + 𝑠𝑤 ∆𝑇2 + 𝐿𝑣
1
Q = 100 2 20 + 80 + 1 100 + 540
Q = 73000 cal
 HEAT (Q)
Q. 10 gram cQZ dks −20𝑜 𝐶 120𝑜 𝐶 ok"i esa cnyusa ds fy, nh tkus okyh Å"ek dh ek=k Kkr djsAa
L V ≈ 540cal / g
1) 5400 cal
2) 6400 cal L f ≈ 80cal / g
3) 7400 cal sw  1 cal / g oC
4) 8400 cal si  0.5 cal / g oC
ss  0.5 cal / g oC
 HEAT (Q)
Sol. 10 gram cQZ dks −20𝑜 𝐶 120𝑜 𝐶 ok"i esa cnyusa ds fy, nh tkus okyh Å"ek

−20𝑜 𝐶 0𝑜 𝐶 0𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶 100𝑜 𝐶 120𝑜 𝐶

cQZ cQZ ty ty ok"i ok"i

𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3 𝑄4 𝑄5

m𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑇1 𝑚𝐿𝑓 m𝑠𝑤 ∆𝑇2 𝑚𝐿𝑣 m𝑠𝑠 ∆𝑇3

Q = m𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑇1 + 𝑚𝐿𝑓 + m𝑠𝑤 ∆𝑇2 + 𝑚𝐿𝑣 +m𝑠𝑠 ∆𝑇3

Q = m 𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑇1 + 𝐿𝑓 + 𝑠𝑤 ∆𝑇2 + 𝐿𝑣 + 𝑠𝑠 ∆𝑇3
1 1
Q = 10 2
20 + 80 + 1 100 + 540 + 2 20
Q = 7400 cal